1
|
Arnett AB, Harstad E, O’Connell M, Hayes K, Brewster S, Barbaresi W, Doan RN. Rare De Novo and Inherited Genes in Familial and Nonfamilial Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:81-84. [PMID: 37983059 PMCID: PMC10660237 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This case-control study examines the prevalence of rare de novo and inherited sequence variations among children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and siblings and parents without ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B. Arnett
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Harstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mia O’Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katheryn Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie Brewster
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Barbaresi
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan N. Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ribasés M, Mitjans M, Hartman CA, Soler Artigas M, Demontis D, Larsson H, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Kuntsi J, Faraone SV, Børglum AD, Reif A, Franke B, Cormand B. Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105313. [PMID: 37451654 PMCID: PMC10789879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-occurs with many other psychiatric disorders and traits. In this review, we summarize and interpret the existing literature on the genetic architecture of these comorbidities based on hypothesis-generating approaches. Quantitative genetic studies indicate that genetic factors play a substantial role in the observed co-occurrence of ADHD with many different disorders and traits. Molecular genetic correlations derived from genome-wide association studies and results of studies based on polygenic risk scores confirm the general pattern but provide effect estimates that are smaller than those from twin studies. The identification of the specific genetic variants and biological pathways underlying co-occurrence using genome-wide approaches is still in its infancy. The first analyses of causal inference using genetic data support causal relationships between ADHD and comorbid disorders, although bidirectional effects identified in some instances point to complex relationships. While several issues in the methodology and inferences from the results are still to be overcome, this review shows that the co-occurrence of ADHD with many psychiatric disorders and traits is genetically interpretable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ribasés
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Soler Artigas
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine/Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - H Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - S V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - A D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine/Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Franke
- Departments of Cognitive Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - B Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buitelaar J, Bölte S, Brandeis D, Caye A, Christmann N, Cortese S, Coghill D, Faraone SV, Franke B, Gleitz M, Greven CU, Kooij S, Leffa DT, Rommelse N, Newcorn JH, Polanczyk GV, Rohde LA, Simonoff E, Stein M, Vitiello B, Yazgan Y, Roesler M, Doepfner M, Banaschewski T. Toward Precision Medicine in ADHD. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:900981. [PMID: 35874653 PMCID: PMC9299434 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.900981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition for which curative treatments are lacking. Whilst pharmacological treatments are generally effective and safe, there is considerable inter-individual variability among patients regarding treatment response, required dose, and tolerability. Many of the non-pharmacological treatments, which are preferred to drug-treatment by some patients, either lack efficacy for core symptoms or are associated with small effect sizes. No evidence-based decision tools are currently available to allocate pharmacological or psychosocial treatments based on the patient's clinical, environmental, cognitive, genetic, or biological characteristics. We systematically reviewed potential biomarkers that may help in diagnosing ADHD and/or stratifying ADHD into more homogeneous subgroups and/or predict clinical course, treatment response, and long-term outcome across the lifespan. Most work involved exploratory studies with cognitive, actigraphic and EEG diagnostic markers to predict ADHD, along with relatively few studies exploring markers to subtype ADHD and predict response to treatment. There is a critical need for multisite prospective carefully designed experimentally controlled or observational studies to identify biomarkers that index inter-individual variability and/or predict treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Caye
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nina Christmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Solent National Health System Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Coghill
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Markus Gleitz
- Medice Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG, Iserlohn, Germany
| | - Corina U Greven
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Kooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,PsyQ, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program and Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Yanki Yazgan
- GuzelGunler Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.,Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael Roesler
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Neurocenter, Saarland, Germany
| | - Manfred Doepfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Olsen D, Wellner N, Kaas M, de Jong IEM, Sotty F, Didriksen M, Glerup S, Nykjaer A. Altered dopaminergic firing pattern and novelty response underlie ADHD-like behavior of SorCS2-deficient mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 33495438 PMCID: PMC7835366 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder worldwide. Affected individuals present with hyperactivity, inattention, and cognitive deficits and display a characteristic paradoxical response to drugs affecting the dopaminergic system. However, the underlying pathophysiology of ADHD and how this relates to dopaminergic transmission remains to be fully understood. Sorcs2-/- mice uniquely recapitulate symptoms reminiscent of ADHD in humans. Here, we show that lack of SorCS2 in mice results in lower sucrose intake, indicating general reward deficits. Using in-vivo recordings, we further find that dopaminergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is shifted towards a more regular firing pattern with marked reductions in the relative occurrence of irregular firing in Sorcs2-/- mice. This was paralleled by abnormal acute behavioral responses to dopamine receptor agonists, suggesting fundamental differences in dopaminergic circuits and indicating a perturbation in the balance between the activities of the postsynaptic dopamine receptor DRD1 and the presynaptic inhibitory autoreceptor DRD2. Interestingly, the hyperactivity and drug response of Sorcs2-/- mice were markedly affected by novelty. Taken together, our findings show how loss of a candidate ADHD-risk gene has marked effects on dopaminergic circuit function and the behavioral response to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Olsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ,grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Neurodegeneration and Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Present Address: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Wellner
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mathias Kaas
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Inge E. M. de Jong
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Neurodegeneration and Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Florence Sotty
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Neurodegeneration and Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Michael Didriksen
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Neurodegeneration and Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Simon Glerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,The Danish National Research Foundation Center PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Skejby University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Østergaard SD, Trabjerg BB, Als TD, Climent CA, Privé F, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Bækvad-Hansen M, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Hougaard DM, Nordentoft M, Werge T, Demontis D, Mortensen PB, Børglum AD, Mors O, Agerbo E. Polygenic risk score, psychosocial environment and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:335. [PMID: 33009369 PMCID: PMC7532146 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the polygenic liability for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the psychosocial environment impact the risk of ADHD in interaction or independently of each other. We conducted a register- and biobank-based cohort study of 13,725 individuals with ADHD and 20,147 randomly drawn population-based controls. These 33,872 cohort members were genotyped on the Infinium PsychChip v1.0 array (Illumina). Subsequently, we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD and extracted register data regarding the following risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment for each cohort member at the time of birth: maternal/paternal history of mental disorders, maternal/paternal education, maternal/paternal work status, and maternal/paternal income. We used logistic regression analyses to assess the main effects of the PRS for ADHD and the psychosocial environment on the risk of ADHD. Subsequently, we evaluated whether the effect of the PRS and the psychosocial environment act independently or in interaction upon the risk of ADHD. We found that ADHD was strongly associated with the PRS (odds ratio: 6.03, 95%CI: 4.74-7.70 for highest vs. lowest 2% liability). All risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment were associated with an increased risk of ADHD. These associations were only slightly attenuated after mutual adjustments. We found no statistically significant interaction between the polygenic liability and the psychosocial environment upon the risk of ADHD. In conclusion, we found main effects of both polygenic liability and risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment on the risk of ADHD-in the expected direction.
Collapse
Grants
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
- R165-2013-15320, R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003 Lundbeckfonden (Lundbeck Foundation)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren D Østergaard
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina B Trabjerg
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas D Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Albiñana Climent
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Florian Privé
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarni Jóhann Vilhjálmsson
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sanct Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- CIRRAU - Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
- NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- CIRRAU - Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Mubarak BR, Omar A, Baz B, Al-Abdulaziz B, Magrashi AI, Al-Yemni E, Jabaan A, Monies D, Abouelhoda M, Abebe D, Ghaziuddin M, Al-Tassan NA. Whole exome sequencing in ADHD trios from single and multi-incident families implicates new candidate genes and highlights polygenic transmission. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1098-1110. [PMID: 32238911 PMCID: PMC7382449 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of genetic alterations occurring at numerous loci have been described in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the role of rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) remains under investigated. Here, we sought to identify rare SNVs with predicted deleterious effect that may contribute to ADHD risk. We chose to study ADHD families (including multi-incident) from a population with a high rate of consanguinity in which genetic risk factors tend to accumulate and therefore increasing the chance of detecting risk alleles. We employed whole exome sequencing (WES) to interrogate the entire coding region of 16 trios with ADHD. We also performed enrichment analysis on our final list of genes to identify the overrepresented biological processes. A total of 32 rare variants with predicted damaging effect were identified in 31 genes. At least two variants were detected per proband, most of which were not exclusive to the affected individuals. In addition, the majority of our candidate genes have not been previously described in ADHD including five genes (NEK4, NLE1, PSRC1, PTP4A3, and TMEM183A) that were not previously described in any human condition. Moreover, enrichment analysis highlighted brain-relevant biological themes such as "Glutamatergic synapse", "Cytoskeleton organization", and "Ca2+ pathway". In conclusion, our findings are in keeping with prior studies demonstrating the highly challenging genetic architecture of ADHD involving low penetrance, variable expressivity and locus heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer R Al-Mubarak
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aisha Omar
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batoul Baz
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Al-Abdulaziz
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- National center for genomics technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna I Magrashi
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al-Yemni
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Jabaan
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dejene Abebe
- Psychiatry Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nada A Al-Tassan
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patak J, Faraone SV, Zhang-James Y. Sodium hydrogen exchanger 9 NHE9 (SLC9A9) and its emerging roles in neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:289-305. [PMID: 32400953 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Variations in SLC9A9 gene expression and protein function are associated with multiple human diseases, which range from Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to glioblastoma multiforme. In an effort to determine the full spectrum of human disease associations with SLC9A9, we performed a systematic review of the literature. We also review SLC9A9's biochemistry, protein structure, and function, as well as its interacting partners with the goal of identifying mechanisms of disease and druggable targets. We report gaps in the literature regarding the genes function along with consistent trends in disease associations that can be used to further research into treating the respective diseases. We report that SLC9A9 has strong associations with neuropsychiatric diseases and various cancers. Interestingly, we find strong overlap in SLC9A9 disease associations and propose a novel role for SLC9A9 in neuropsychiatric comorbidity. In conclusion, SLC9A9 is a multifunctional protein that, through both its endosome regulatory function and its protein-protein interaction network, has the ability to modulate signaling axes, such as the PI3K pathway, among others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jameson Patak
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,College of Medicine, MD Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harich B, Klein M, Ockeloen CW, van der Voet M, Schimmel‐Naber M, de Leeuw N, Schenck A, Franke B. From man to fly - convergent evidence links FBXO25 to ADHD and comorbid psychiatric phenotypes. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:545-555. [PMID: 31849056 PMCID: PMC7217029 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), have a complex etiology, and identification of underlying genetic risk factors is challenging. This study used a multistep approach to identify and validate a novel risk gene for ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS In a single family, severely affected by ADHD and cooccurring disorders, we applied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array analysis to detect copy-number variations (CNVs) linked to disease. Genes present in the identified CNV were subsequently tested for their association with ADHD in the largest data set currently available (n = 55,374); this gene-set and gene-based association analyses were based on common genetic variants. Significant findings were taken forward for functional validation using Drosophila melanogaster as biological model system, altering gene expression using the GAL4-UAS system and a pan-neuronal driver, and subsequently characterizing locomotor activity and sleep as functional readouts. RESULTS We identified a copy number gain in 8p23.3, which segregated with psychiatric phenotypes in the family and was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Common genetic variants in this locus were associated with ADHD, especially those in FBXO25 and TDRP. Overexpression of the FBXO25 orthologue in two Drosophila models consistently led to increased locomotor activity and reduced sleep compared with the genetic background control. CONCLUSIONS We combine ADHD risk gene identification in an individual family with genetic association testing in a large case-control data set and functional validation in a model system, together providing an important illustration of an integrative approach suggesting that FBXO25 contributes to key features of ADHD and comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W. Ockeloen
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Monique van der Voet
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marlies Schimmel‐Naber
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows high heritability in formal genetic studies. In our review article, we provide an overview on common and rare genetic risk variants for ADHD and their link to clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS The formal heritability of ADHD is about 80% and therefore higher than most other psychiatric diseases. However, recent studies estimate the proportion of heritability based on singlenucleotide variants (SNPs) at 22%. It is a matter of debate which genetic mechanisms explain this huge difference. While frequent variants in first mega-analyses of genome-wideassociation study data containing several thousand patients give the first genome-wide results, explaining only little variance, the methodologically more difficult analyses of rare variants are still in their infancy. Some rare genetic syndromes show higher prevalence for ADHD indicating a potential role for a small number of patients. In contrast, polygenic risk scores (PRS) could potentially be applied to every patient. We give an overview how PRS explain different behavioral phenotypes in ADHD and how they could be used for diagnosis and therapy prediction. Knowledge about a patient's genetic makeup is not yet mandatory for ADHD therapy or diagnosis. PRS however have been introduced successfully in other areas of clinical medicine, and their application in psychiatry will begin within the next years. In order to ensure competent advice for patients, knowledge of the current state of research is useful forpsychiatrists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Identification of ADHD risk genes in extended pedigrees by combining linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2047-2057. [PMID: 30116028 PMCID: PMC7473839 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic background, hampering identification of underlying genetic risk factors. We hypothesized that combining linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in multi-generation pedigrees with multiple affected individuals can point toward novel ADHD genes. Three families with multiple ADHD-affected members (Ntotal = 70) and apparent dominant inheritance pattern were included in this study. Genotyping was performed in 37 family members, and WES was additionally carried out in 10 of those. Linkage analysis was performed using multi-point analysis in Superlink Online SNP 1.1. From prioritized linkage regions with a LOD score ≥ 2, a total of 24 genes harboring rare variants were selected. Those genes were taken forward and were jointly analyzed in gene-set analyses of exome-chip data using the MAGMA software in an independent sample of patients with persistent ADHD and healthy controls (N = 9365). The gene-set including all 24 genes together, and particularly the gene-set from one of the three families (12 genes), were significantly associated with persistent ADHD in this sample. Among the latter, gene-wide analysis for the AAED1 gene reached significance. A rare variant (rs151326868) within AAED1 segregated with ADHD in one of the families. The analytic strategy followed here is an effective approach for identifying novel ADHD risk genes. Additionally, this study suggests that both rare and more frequent variants in multiple genes act together in contributing to ADHD risk, even in individual multi-case families.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gudmundsson OO, Walters GB, Ingason A, Johansson S, Zayats T, Athanasiu L, Sonderby IE, Gustafsson O, Nawaz MS, Jonsson GF, Jonsson L, Knappskog PM, Ingvarsdottir E, Davidsdottir K, Djurovic S, Knudsen GPS, Askeland RB, Haraldsdottir GS, Baldursson G, Magnusson P, Sigurdsson E, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson H, Andreassen OA, Haavik J, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Stefansson K. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder shares copy number variant risk with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:258. [PMID: 31624239 PMCID: PMC6797719 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder. Some rare copy number variations (CNVs) affect multiple neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia and ADHD. The aim of this study is to determine to what extent ADHD shares high risk CNV alleles with schizophrenia and ASD. We compiled 19 neuropsychiatric CNVs and test 14, with sufficient power, for association with ADHD in Icelandic and Norwegian samples. Eight associate with ADHD; deletions at 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 15q11.2, 15q13.3 (BP4 & BP4.5-BP5) and 22q11.21, and duplications at 1q21.1 distal, 16p11.2 proximal, 16p13.11 and 22q11.21. Six of the CNVs have not been associated with ADHD before. As a group, the 19 CNVs associate with ADHD (OR = 2.43, P = 1.6 × 10-21), even when comorbid ASD and schizophrenia are excluded from the sample. These results highlight the pleiotropic effect of the neuropsychiatric CNVs and add evidence for ADHD, ASD and schizophrenia being related neurodevelopmental disorders rather than distinct entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olafur O Gudmundsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Elken Sonderby
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Muhammad S Nawaz
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Lina Jonsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Morten Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ester Ingvarsdottir
- The Centre for Child Development and Behaviour, Capital Area Primary Health Care, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Katrin Davidsdottir
- The Centre for Child Development and Behaviour, Capital Area Primary Health Care, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gun Peggy Strømstad Knudsen
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P. O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragna Bugge Askeland
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P. O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gyda S Haraldsdottir
- The Centre for Child Development and Behaviour, Capital Area Primary Health Care, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Baldursson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall Magnusson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Engilbert Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P. O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van Dongen J, Zilhão NR, Sugden K, Hannon EJ, Mill J, Caspi A, Agnew-Blais J, Arseneault L, Corcoran DL, Moffitt TE, Poulton R, Franke B, Boomsma DI. Epigenome-wide Association Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:599-607. [PMID: 31003786 PMCID: PMC6717697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and DNA methylation in children. We report the first epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, based on peripheral blood DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylation450K array) in three population-based adult cohorts. METHODS An epigenome-wide association study was performed in the Netherlands Twin Register (N = 2258, mean age 37 years), Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (N = 800, age 38 years), and Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 1631, age 18 years), and results were combined through meta-analysis (total sample size N = 4689). Region-based analyses accounting for the correlation between nearby methylation sites were also performed. RESULTS One epigenome-wide significant differentially methylated position was detected in the Dunedin study, but meta-analysis did not detect differentially methylated positions that were robustly associated across cohorts. In region-based analyses, six significant differentially methylation regions (DMRs) were identified in the Netherlands Twin Register, 19 in the Dunedin study, and none in the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Of these DMRs, 92% were associated with methylation quantitative trait loci, and 68% showed moderate to large blood-brain correlations for DNA methylation levels. DMRs included six nonoverlapping DMRs (three in the Netherlands Twin Register, three in the Dunedin study) in the major histocompatibility complex, which were associated with expression of genes in the major histocompatibility complex, including C4A and C4B, previously implicated in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point at new candidate loci involved in immune and neuronal functions that await further replication. Our work also illustrates the need for further research to examine to what extent epigenetic associations with psychiatric traits depend on characteristics such as age, comorbidities, exposures, and genetic background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
| | - Nuno R Zilhão
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eilis J Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Agnew-Blais
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L Corcoran
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rohde PD, Jensen IR, Sarup PM, Ørsted M, Demontis D, Sørensen P, Kristensen TN. Genetic Signatures of Drug Response Variability in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2019; 213:633-650. [PMID: 31455722 PMCID: PMC6781897 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the genetic basis underlying variation in response to environmental exposures or treatments is important in many research areas. For example, knowing the set of causal genetic variants for drug responses could revolutionize personalized medicine. We used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the genetic signature underlying behavioral variability in response to methylphenidate (MPH), a drug used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We exposed a wild-type D. melanogaster population to MPH and a control treatment, and observed an increase in locomotor activity in MPH-exposed individuals. Whole-genome transcriptomic analyses revealed that the behavioral response to MPH was associated with abundant gene expression alterations. To confirm these patterns in a different genetic background and to further advance knowledge on the genetic signature of drug response variability, we used a system of inbred lines, the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Based on the DGRP, we showed that the behavioral response to MPH was strongly genotype-dependent. Using an integrative genomic approach, we incorporated known gene interactions into the genomic analyses of the DGRP, and identified putative candidate genes for variability in drug response. We successfully validated 71% of the investigated candidate genes by gene expression knockdown. Furthermore, we showed that MPH has cross-generational behavioral and transcriptomic effects. Our findings establish a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms driving genotype-specific responses to medical treatment, and highlight the opportunities that integrative genomic approaches have in optimizing medical treatment of complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palle Duun Rohde
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
| | - Iben Ravnborg Jensen
- Section for Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Denmark
| | - Pernille Merete Sarup
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Michael Ørsted
- Section for Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter Sørensen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Section for Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Denmark
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Koopmans F, van Nierop P, Andres-Alonso M, Byrnes A, Cijsouw T, Coba MP, Cornelisse LN, Farrell RJ, Goldschmidt HL, Howrigan DP, Hussain NK, Imig C, de Jong APH, Jung H, Kohansalnodehi M, Kramarz B, Lipstein N, Lovering RC, MacGillavry H, Mariano V, Mi H, Ninov M, Osumi-Sutherland D, Pielot R, Smalla KH, Tang H, Tashman K, Toonen RFG, Verpelli C, Reig-Viader R, Watanabe K, van Weering J, Achsel T, Ashrafi G, Asi N, Brown TC, De Camilli P, Feuermann M, Foulger RE, Gaudet P, Joglekar A, Kanellopoulos A, Malenka R, Nicoll RA, Pulido C, de Juan-Sanz J, Sheng M, Südhof TC, Tilgner HU, Bagni C, Bayés À, Biederer T, Brose N, Chua JJE, Dieterich DC, Gundelfinger ED, Hoogenraad C, Huganir RL, Jahn R, Kaeser PS, Kim E, Kreutz MR, McPherson PS, Neale BM, O'Connor V, Posthuma D, Ryan TA, Sala C, Feng G, Hyman SE, Thomas PD, Smit AB, Verhage M. SynGO: An Evidence-Based, Expert-Curated Knowledge Base for the Synapse. Neuron 2019; 103:217-234.e4. [PMID: 31171447 PMCID: PMC6764089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are fundamental information-processing units of the brain, and synaptic dysregulation is central to many brain disorders ("synaptopathies"). However, systematic annotation of synaptic genes and ontology of synaptic processes are currently lacking. We established SynGO, an interactive knowledge base that accumulates available research about synapse biology using Gene Ontology (GO) annotations to novel ontology terms: 87 synaptic locations and 179 synaptic processes. SynGO annotations are exclusively based on published, expert-curated evidence. Using 2,922 annotations for 1,112 genes, we show that synaptic genes are exceptionally well conserved and less tolerant to mutations than other genes. Many SynGO terms are significantly overrepresented among gene variations associated with intelligence, educational attainment, ADHD, autism, and bipolar disorder and among de novo variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. SynGO is a public, universal reference for synapse research and an online analysis platform for interpretation of large-scale -omics data (https://syngoportal.org and http://geneontology.org).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Koopmans
- Department of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Andres-Alonso
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," ZMNH, University MC, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Andrea Byrnes
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tony Cijsouw
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Marcelo P Coba
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90333, USA
| | - L Niels Cornelisse
- Department of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan J Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hana L Goldschmidt
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel P Howrigan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Natasha K Hussain
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cordelia Imig
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arthur P H de Jong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hwajin Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, IBS, and Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Mahdokht Kohansalnodehi
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kramarz
- Functional Gene Annotation, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Noa Lipstein
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Functional Gene Annotation, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Harold MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vittoria Mariano
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Huaiyu Mi
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Momchil Ninov
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Osumi-Sutherland
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Rainer Pielot
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, CBBS and Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Smalla
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, CBBS and Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Haiming Tang
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Katherine Tashman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ruud F G Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- CNR Neuroscience Institute Milan and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Reig-Viader
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department Complex Trait Genetics, CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van Weering
- Department of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tilmann Achsel
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nimra Asi
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tyler C Brown
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, HHMI, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marc Feuermann
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca E Foulger
- Functional Gene Annotation, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Pascale Gaudet
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Anoushka Joglekar
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Center for Neurogenetics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandros Kanellopoulos
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Malenka
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roger A Nicoll
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Camila Pulido
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jaime de Juan-Sanz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hagen U Tilgner
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Center for Neurogenetics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Àlex Bayés
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Jia En Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Neurobiology/Ageing Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela C Dieterich
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, CBBS and Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, CBBS and Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Casper Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Reinhard Jahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, IBS, and Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," ZMNH, University MC, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ben M Neale
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vincent O'Connor
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department Complex Trait Genetics, CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy A Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carlo Sala
- CNR Neuroscience Institute Milan and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Guoping Feng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven E Hyman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul D Thomas
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Genetic risk factors and gene–environment interactions in adult and childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Genet 2019; 29:63-78. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
16
|
Faraone SV, Larsson H. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:562-575. [PMID: 29892054 PMCID: PMC6477889 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research show that genes play an vital role in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbidity with other disorders. Family, twin, and adoption studies show that ADHD runs in families. ADHD's high heritability of 74% motivated the search for ADHD susceptibility genes. Genetic linkage studies show that the effects of DNA risk variants on ADHD must, individually, be very small. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated several genetic loci at the genome-wide level of statistical significance. These studies also show that about a third of ADHD's heritability is due to a polygenic component comprising many common variants each having small effects. From studies of copy number variants we have also learned that the rare insertions or deletions account for part of ADHD's heritability. These findings have implicated new biological pathways that may eventually have implications for treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Klein M, Walters RK, Demontis D, Stein JL, Hibar DP, Adams HH, Bralten J, Roth Mota N, Schachar R, Sonuga-Barke E, Mattheisen M, Neale BM, Thompson PM, Medland SE, Børglum AD, Faraone SV, Arias-Vasquez A, Franke B. Genetic Markers of ADHD-Related Variations in Intracranial Volume. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:228-238. [PMID: 30818988 PMCID: PMC7780894 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Intracranial volume (ICV) and volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and putamen are smaller in people with ADHD compared with healthy individuals. The authors investigated the overlap between common genetic variation associated with ADHD risk and these brain volume measures to identify underlying biological processes contributing to the disorder. METHODS The authors combined genome-wide association results from the largest available studies of ADHD (N=55,374) and brain volumes (N=11,221-24,704), using a set of complementary methods to investigate overlap at the level of global common variant genetic architecture and at the single variant level. RESULTS Analyses revealed a significant negative genetic correlation between ADHD and ICV (rg=-0.22). Meta-analysis of single variants revealed two significant loci of interest associated with both ADHD risk and ICV; four additional loci were identified for ADHD and volumes of the amygdala, caudate nucleus, and putamen. Exploratory gene-based and gene-set analyses in the ADHD-ICV meta-analytic data showed association with variation in neurite outgrowth-related genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first genome-wide study to show significant genetic overlap between brain volume measures and ADHD, both on the global and the single variant level. Variants linked to smaller ICV were associated with increased ADHD risk. These findings can help us develop new hypotheses about biological mechanisms by which brain structure alterations may be involved in ADHD disease etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Klein
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Raymond K. Walters
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Jason L. Stein
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Hieab H. Adams
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Janita Bralten
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Russell Schachar
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| | - Barbara Franke
- The Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Klein, Bralten, Roth Mota, Arias-Vasquez, Franke); University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Klein); the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Walters, Neale); Program in Medical and Population
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grimm O, Kittel-Schneider S, Reif A. Recent developments in the genetics of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:654-672. [PMID: 29722101 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental psychiatric disorder that affects children and adults. ADHD is one of the psychiatric disorders with the strongest genetic basis according to familial, twin, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based epidemiological studies. In this review, we provide an update of recent insights into the genetic basis of ADHD. We discuss recent progress from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) looking at common variants as well as rare copy number variations. New analysis of gene groups, so-called functional ontologies, provide some insight into the gene networks afflicted, pointing to the role of neurodevelopmentally expressed gene networks. Bioinformatic methods, such as functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein network analysis, are used to highlight biological processes of likely relevance to the etiology of ADHD. Additionally, copy number variations seem to map on important pathways implicated in synaptic signaling and neurodevelopment. While some candidate gene associations of, for example, neurotransmitter receptors and signaling, have been replicated, they do not seem to explain significant variance in recent GWAS. We discuss insights from recent case-control SNP-GWAS that have presented the first whole-genome significant SNP in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sundby A, Boolsen MW, Burgdorf KS, Ullum H, Hansen TF, Mors O. Attitudes of stakeholders in psychiatry towards the inclusion of children in genomic research. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:12. [PMID: 29506557 PMCID: PMC5839067 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic sequencing of children in research raises complex ethical issues. This study aims to gain more knowledge on the attitudes towards the inclusion of children as research subjects in genomic research and towards the disclosure of pertinent and incidental findings to the parents and the child. METHODS Qualitative data were collected from interviews with a wide range of informants: experts engaged in genomic research, clinical geneticists, persons with mental disorders, relatives, and blood donors. Quantitative data were collected from a cross-sectional web-based survey among 1227 parents and 1406 non-parents who were potential stakeholders in psychiatric genomic research. RESULTS Participants generally expressed positive views on children's participation in genomic research. The informants in the qualitative interviews highlighted the age of the child as a critical aspect when disclosing genetic information. Other important aspects were the child's right to an autonomous choice, the emotional burden of knowing imposed on both the child and the parents, and the possibility of receiving beneficial clinical information regarding the future health of the child. Nevertheless, there was no consensus whether the parent or the child should receive the findings. A majority of survey stakeholders agreed that children should be able to participate in genomic research. The majority agreed that both pertinent and incidental findings should be returned to the parents and to the child when of legal age. Having children does not affect the stakeholder's attitudes towards the inclusion of children as research subjects in genomic research. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate that both the child's right to autonomy and the parents' interest to be informed are important factors that are found valuable by the participants. In future guidelines governing children as subjects in genomic research, it would thus be essential to incorporate the child's right to an open future, including the right to receive information on adult-onset genetic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sundby
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, 8240, Risskov, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, 8240, Risskov, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Klein M, Onnink M, van Donkelaar M, Wolfers T, Harich B, Shi Y, Dammers J, Arias-Vásquez A, Hoogman M, Franke B. Brain imaging genetics in ADHD and beyond - Mapping pathways from gene to disorder at different levels of complexity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:115-155. [PMID: 28159610 PMCID: PMC6947924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and often persistent neurodevelopmental disorder. Beyond gene-finding, neurobiological parameters, such as brain structure, connectivity, and function, have been used to link genetic variation to ADHD symptomatology. We performed a systematic review of brain imaging genetics studies involving 62 ADHD candidate genes in childhood and adult ADHD cohorts. Fifty-one eligible research articles described studies of 13 ADHD candidate genes. Almost exclusively, single genetic variants were studied, mostly focussing on dopamine-related genes. While promising results have been reported, imaging genetics studies are thus far hampered by methodological differences in study design and analysis methodology, as well as limited sample sizes. Beyond reviewing imaging genetics studies, we also discuss the need for complementary approaches at multiple levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating findings across levels for a better understanding of biological pathways from gene to disease. These may include multi-modal imaging genetics studies, bioinformatic analyses, and functional analyses of cell and animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Onnink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Dammers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Human genetic studies have been the driving force in bringing to light the underlying biology of psychiatric conditions. As these studies fill in the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms at play, we will be better equipped to design therapies in rational and targeted ways, or repurpose existing therapies in previously unanticipated ways. This review is intended for those unfamiliar with psychiatric genetics as a field and provides a primer on different modes of genetic variation, the technologies currently used to probe them, and concepts that provide context for interpreting the gene-phenotype relationship. Like other subfields in human genetics, psychiatric genetics is moving from microarray technology to sequencing-based approaches as barriers of cost and expertise are removed, and the ramifications of this transition are discussed here. A summary is then given of recent genetic discoveries in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, with particular emphasis on neurodevelopmental conditions. The general impact of genetics on drug development has been to underscore the extensive etiological heterogeneity in seemingly cohesive diagnostic categories. Consequently, the path forward is not in therapies hoping to reach large swaths of patients sharing a clinically defined diagnosis, but rather in targeting patients belonging to specific "biotypes" defined through a combination of objective, quantifiable data, including genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa College of Engineering, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Genetics Cluster Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- The DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- University of Iowa Informatics Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shamseldin HE, Masuho I, Alenizi A, Alyamani S, Patil DN, Ibrahim N, Martemyanov KA, Alkuraya FS. GNB5 mutation causes a novel neuropsychiatric disorder featuring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, severely impaired language development and normal cognition. Genome Biol 2016; 17:195. [PMID: 27677260 PMCID: PMC5037613 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric disorders are common forms of disability in humans. Despite recent progress in deciphering the genetics of these disorders, their phenotypic complexity continues to be a major challenge. Mendelian neuropsychiatric disorders are rare but their study has the potential to unravel novel mechanisms that are relevant to their complex counterparts. Results In an extended consanguineous family, we identified a novel neuropsychiatric phenotype characterized by severe speech impairment, variable expressivity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and motor delay. We identified the disease locus through linkage analysis on 15q21.2, and exome sequencing revealed a novel missense variant in GNB5. GNB5 encodes an atypical β subunit of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (Gβ5). Gβ5 is enriched in the central nervous system where it forms constitutive complexes with members of the regulator of G protein signaling family of proteins to modulate neurotransmitter signaling that affects a number of neurobehavioral outcomes. Here, we show that the S81L mutant form of Gβ5 has significantly impaired activity in terminating responses that are elicited by dopamine. Conclusions We demonstrate that these deficits originate from the impaired expression of the mutant Gβ5 protein, resulting in the decreased ability to stabilize regulator of G protein signaling complexes. Our data suggest that this novel neuropsychiatric phenotype is the human equivalent of Gnb5 deficiency in mice, which manifest motor deficits and hyperactivity, and highlight a critical role of Gβ5 in normal behavior as well as language and motor development in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1061-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, #3C2, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ahmed Alenizi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suad Alyamani
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipak N Patil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, #3C2, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, #3C2, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|