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Cacheux M, Rudokas M, Tieu A, Rizk JA, Hummel ME, Akar FG. Quantitative Assessment of Mitochondrial Morphology and Electrophysiological Function in the Diabetic Heart. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:75-86. [PMID: 38676886 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria within a cardiomyocyte form a highly dynamic network that undergoes fusion and fission events in response to acute and chronic stressors, such as hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Changes in mitochondrial architecture and morphology not only reflect their capacity for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis but also impact their subcellular localization and interaction with other organelles. The role of these ultrastructural abnormalities in modulating electrophysiological properties and excitation-contraction coupling remains largely unknown and warrants direct investigation considering the growing appreciation of the functional and structural coupling between the mitochondrial network, the calcium cycling machinery, and sarcolemmal ion channels in the cardiac myocyte. In this Methods in Molecular Biology chapter, we provide a protocol that allows for a quantitative assessment of mitochondrial shape and morphology in control and diabetic hearts that had undergone detailed electrophysiological measurements using high resolution optical action potential (AP) mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cacheux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Rudokas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Tieu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joanna Abi Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madelyn E Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University Schools of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale University Schools of Medicine, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Electro-biology and Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Maslov LN, Popov SV, Naryzhnaya NV, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Kurbatov BK, Derkachev IA, Boshchenko AA, Prasad NR, Ma H, Zhang Y, Sufianova GZ, Fu F, Pei JM. K ATP channels are regulators of programmed cell death and targets for the creation of novel drugs against ischemia/reperfusion cardiac injury. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1020-1049. [PMID: 37218378 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a mortality rate of 5%-7%. It is clear that there is an urgent need to develop new drugs that can effectively prevent cardiac reperfusion injury. ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP ) channel openers (KCOs) can be classified as such drugs. RESULTS KCOs prevent irreversible ischemia and reperfusion injury of the heart. KATP channel opening promotes inhibition of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and stimulation of autophagy. KCOs prevent the development of cardiac adverse remodeling and improve cardiac contractility in reperfusion. KCOs exhibit antiarrhythmic properties and prevent the appearance of the no-reflow phenomenon in animals with coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Diabetes mellitus and a cholesterol-enriched diet abolish the cardioprotective effect of KCOs. Nicorandil, a KCO, attenuates major adverse cardiovascular event and the no-reflow phenomenon, reduces infarct size, and decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION The cardioprotective effect of KCOs is mediated by the opening of mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP ) and sarcolemmal KATP (sarcKATP ) channels, triggered free radicals' production, and kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid N Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V Naryzhnaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Mukhomedzyanov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Boris K Kurbatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Derkachev
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alla A Boshchenko
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Huijie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Galina Z Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Ming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Strauss B, Bisserier M, Obus E, Katz MG, Fargnoli A, Cacheux M, Akar JG, Hummel JP, Hadri L, Sassi Y, Akar FG. Right predominant electrical remodeling in a pure model of pulmonary hypertension promotes reentrant arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:113-124. [PMID: 34563688 PMCID: PMC8742785 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrophysiological (EP) properties have been studied mainly in the monocrotaline model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Findings are confounded by major extrapulmonary toxicities, which preclude the ability to draw definitive conclusions regarding the role of PAH per se in EP remodeling. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the EP substrate and arrhythmic vulnerability of a new model of PAH that avoids extracardiopulmonary toxicities. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left pneumonectomy (Pn) followed by injection of the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor Sugen-5416 (Su/Pn). Five weeks later, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in vivo, optical action potential (AP) mapping ex vivo, and molecular analyses in vitro. RESULTS Su/Pn rats exhibited right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and were highly prone to pacing-induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). Underlying this susceptibility was disproportionate RV-sided prolongation of AP duration, which promoted formation of right-sided AP alternans at physiological rates. While propagation was impaired at all rates in Su/Pn rats, the extent of conduction slowing was most severe immediately before the emergence of interventricular lines of block and onset of VT/VF. Measurement of the cardiac wavelength revealed a decrease in Su/Pn relative to control. Nav1.5 and total connexin 43 expression was not altered, while connexin 43 phosphorylation was decreased in PAH. Col1a1 and Col3a1 transcripts were upregulated coinciding with myocardial fibrosis. Once generated, VT/VF was sustained by multiple reentrant circuits with a lower frequency of RV activation due to wavebreak formation. CONCLUSION In this pure model of PAH, we document RV-predominant remodeling that promotes multiwavelet reentry underlying VT. The Su/Pn model represents a severe form of PAH that allows the study of EP properties without the confounding influence of extrapulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Strauss
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Emerson Obus
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Michael G. Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Anthony Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Marine Cacheux
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
| | - Joseph G. Akar
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
| | - James P Hummel
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Yassine Sassi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Fadi G. Akar
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
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Eren H, Kaya Ü, Öcal L, Öcal AG, Genç Ö, Genç S, Evlice M. Presence of fragmented QRS may be associated with complex ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Cardiol 2021; 76:67-75. [PMID: 31775006 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2019.1693117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are frequent in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Myocardial fibrosis is one of the components of diabetic cardiomyopathy secondary to DM. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiography (ECG) has been shown to be a marker of myocardial fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between fQRS and complex VAs in patients with DM. METHODS Three hundred and thirty-six consecutive patients who were diagnosed with DM were included in the study. The control group consisted of 275 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. ECG and transthoracic echocardiography were performed in all the patients. fQRS was defined as additional R' wave or notching/splitting of S wave in two contiguous ECG leads. All the patients underwent 24-h Holter monitoring and VAs were classified using Lown's scoring system. Lown class ≥ 3 VAs were considered as complex VAs. RESULTS As compared to the healthy individuals, prevalence of fQRS (37.5% vs. 6.9%, p < .001) and complex VAs (14% vs. 0%, p < .001) were significantly higher in patients with DM. Furthermore, complex VAs (28.4% vs. 6.4%, p < .001) were significantly higher in DM patients with fQRS. In multiple logistic regression analysis, DM duration (OR: 1.510, 95% CI:1.343 to 1.698; p < .001) and presence of fQRS (OR: 3.262, 95% CI: 1.443 to 7.376; p = .004) were independent predictors for complex VAs. CONCLUSIONS The presence of fQRS may be associated with complex VAs in patients with DM. Therefore, fQRS may be used as a predictor of complex VAs and the risk of sudden death in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayati Eren
- Department of Cardiology, Elbistan State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Ülker Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Elbistan State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Lütfi Öcal
- Department of Cardiology, Kosuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Gözek Öcal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kartal Dr Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Genç
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl City Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Selin Genç
- Department of Internal Medicine, Türkoğlu Kemal Beyazıt State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Mert Evlice
- Department of Cardiology, Universtiy of Health Sciences Adana Health Practices and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
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Cacheux M, Strauss B, Raad N, Ilkan Z, Hu J, Benard L, Feske S, Hulot JS, Akar FG. Cardiomyocyte-Specific STIM1 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 1) Depletion in the Adult Heart Promotes the Development of Arrhythmogenic Discordant Alternans. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 12:e007382. [PMID: 31726860 PMCID: PMC6867678 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.007382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) is a calcium (Ca2+) sensor that regulates cardiac hypertrophy by triggering store-operated Ca2+ entry. Because STIM1 binding to phospholamban increases sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load independent of store-operated Ca2+ entry, we hypothesized that it controls electrophysiological function and arrhythmias in the adult heart. METHODS Inducible myocyte-restricted STIM1-KD (STIM1 knockdown) was achieved in adult mice using an αMHC (α-myosin heavy chain)-MerCreMer system. Mechanical and electrophysiological properties were examined using echocardiography in vivo and optical action potential (AP) mapping ex vivo in tamoxifen-induced STIM1flox/flox-Cretg/- (STIM1-KD) and littermate controls for STIM1flox/flox (referred to as STIM1-Ctl) and for Cretg/- without STIM deletion (referred to as Cre-Ctl). RESULTS STIM1-KD mice (N=23) exhibited poor survival compared with STIM1-Ctl (N=22) and Cre-Ctl (N=11) with >50% mortality after only 8-days of cardiomyocyte-restricted STIM1-KD. STIM1-KD but not STIM1-Ctl or Cre-Ctl hearts exhibited a proclivity for arrhythmic behavior, ranging from frequent ectopy to pacing-induced ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Examination of the electrophysiological substrate revealed decreased conduction velocity and increased AP duration (APD) heterogeneity in STIM1-KD. These features, however, were comparable in VT/VF(+) and VT/VF(-) hearts. We also uncovered a marked increase in the magnitude of APD alternans during rapid pacing, and the emergence of a spatially discordant alternans profile in STIM1-KD hearts. Unlike conduction velocity slowing and APD heterogeneity, the magnitude of APD alternans was greater (by 80%, P<0.05) in VT/VF(+) versus VT/VF(-) STIM1-KD hearts. Detailed phase mapping during the initial beats of VT/VF identified one or more rotors that were localized along the nodal line separating out-of-phase alternans regions. CONCLUSIONS In an adult murine model with inducible and myocyte-specific STIM1 depletion, we demonstrate for the first time the regulation of spatially discordant alternans by STIM1. Early mortality in STIM1-KD mice is likely related to enhanced susceptibility to VT/VF secondary to discordant APD alternans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cacheux
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (M.C., B.S., N.R., Z.I., J.H., L.B., J.-S.H., F.G.A.)
| | - Benjamin Strauss
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (M.C., B.S., N.R., Z.I., J.H., L.B., J.-S.H., F.G.A.)
| | - Nour Raad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (M.C., B.S., N.R., Z.I., J.H., L.B., J.-S.H., F.G.A.)
| | - Zeki Ilkan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (M.C., B.S., N.R., Z.I., J.H., L.B., J.-S.H., F.G.A.)
| | - Jun Hu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (M.C., B.S., N.R., Z.I., J.H., L.B., J.-S.H., F.G.A.)
| | - Ludovic Benard
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (M.C., B.S., N.R., Z.I., J.H., L.B., J.-S.H., F.G.A.)
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (S.F.)
| | - Jean-Sebastien Hulot
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (M.C., B.S., N.R., Z.I., J.H., L.B., J.-S.H., F.G.A.)
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (M.C., B.S., N.R., Z.I., J.H., L.B., J.-S.H., F.G.A.)
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Ye P, Zhu Y, Gu Y, Zhang D, Chen S. Functional protection against cardiac diseases depends on ATP-sensitive potassium channels. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5801-5806. [PMID: 30596400 PMCID: PMC6237599 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) channels are widely distributed in various tissues, including pancreatic beta cells, muscle tissue and brain tissue. KATP channels play an important role in cardioprotection in physiological/pathological situations. KATP channels are inhibited by an increase in the intracellular ATP concentration and are stimulated by an increase in the intracellular MgADP concentration. Activation of KATP channels decreases ischaemia/reperfusion injury, protects cardiomyocytes from heart failure, and reduces the occurrence of arrhythmias. KATP channels are involved in various signalling pathways, and their participation in protective processes is regulated by endogenous signalling molecules, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulphide. KATP channels may act as a new drug target to fight against cardiovascular disease in the development of related drugs in the future. This review highlights the potential mechanisms correlated with the protective role of KATP channels and their therapeutic value in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Department of CardiologyNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yan‐Rong Zhu
- Department of CardiologyNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of CardiologyNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Dai‐Min Zhang
- Department of CardiologyNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Shao‐Liang Chen
- Department of CardiologyNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina
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Strauss B, Sassi Y, Bueno-Beti C, Ilkan Z, Raad N, Cacheux M, Bisserier M, Turnbull IC, Kohlbrenner E, Hajjar RJ, Hadri L, Akar FG. Intra-tracheal gene delivery of aerosolized SERCA2a to the lung suppresses ventricular arrhythmias in a model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:20-30. [PMID: 30502350 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) results in right ventricular (RV) failure, electro-mechanical dysfunction and heightened risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), although exact mechanisms and predisposing factors remain unclear. Because impaired chronotropic response to exercise is a strong predictor of early mortality in patients with PAH, we hypothesized that progressive elevation in heart rate can unmask ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) in a rodent model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. We further hypothesized that intra-tracheal gene delivery of aerosolized AAV1.SERCA2a (AAV1.S2a), an approach which improves pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH, can suppress VT in this model. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of pulmonary AAV1.S2a in reversing electrophysiological (EP) remodeling and suppressing VT in PAH. METHODS Male rats received subcutaneous injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) leading to advanced PAH. Three weeks following MCT, rats underwent intra-tracheal delivery of aerosolized AAV1.S2a (MCT + S2a, N = 8) or saline (MCT, N = 9). Age-matched rats served as controls (CTRL, N = 7). The EP substrate and risk of VT were determined using high-resolution optical action potential (AP) mapping ex vivo. The expression levels of key ion channel subunits, fibrosis markers and hypertrophy indices were measured by RT-PCR and histochemical analyses. RESULTS Over 80% of MCT but none of the CTRL hearts were prone to sustained VT by rapid pacing (P < .01). Aerosolized gene delivery of AAV1.S2a to the lung suppressed the incidence of VT to <15% (P < .05). Investigation of the EP substrate revealed marked prolongation of AP duration (APD), increased APD heterogeneity, a reversal in the trans-epicardial APD gradient, and marked conduction slowing in untreated MCT compared to CTRL hearts. These myocardial EP changes coincided with major remodeling in the expression of K and Ca channel subunits, decreased expression of Cx43 and increased expression of pro-fibrotic and pro-hypertrophic markers. Intra-tracheal gene delivery of aerosolized AAV1 carrying S2a but not luciferase resulted in selective upregulation of the human isoform of SERCA2a in the lung but not the heart. This pulmonary intervention, in turn, ameliorated MCT-induced APD prolongation, reversed spatial APD heterogeneity, normalized myocardial conduction, and suppressed the incidence of pacing-induced VT. Comparison of the minimal conduction velocity (CV) generated at the fastest pacing rate before onset of VT or at the end of the protocol revealed significantly lower values in untreated compared to AAV1.S2a treated PAH and CTRL hearts. Reversal of EP remodeling by pulmonary AAV1.S2a gene delivery was accompanied by restored expression of key ion channel transcripts. Restored expression of Cx43 and collagen but not the pore-forming Na channel subunit Nav1.5 likely ameliorated VT by improving CV at rapid rates in PAH. CONCLUSION Aerosolized AAV1.S2a gene delivery selectively to the lungs ameliorates myocardial EP remodeling and VT susceptibility at rapid heart rates. Our findings highlight for the first time the utility of a non-cardiac gene therapy approach for arrhythmia suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Strauss
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Yassine Sassi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Zeki Ilkan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Nour Raad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Marine Cacheux
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA.
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Ilkan Z, Akar FG. The Mitochondrial Translocator Protein and the Emerging Link Between Oxidative Stress and Arrhythmias in the Diabetic Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1518. [PMID: 30416455 PMCID: PMC6212558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is a key outer mitochondrial membrane protein that regulates the activity of energy-dissipating mitochondrial channels in response to oxidative stress. In this article, we provide an overview of the role of TSPO in the systematic amplification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through an autocatalytic process known as ROS-induced ROS-release (RIRR). We describe how this TSPO-driven process destabilizes the mitochondrial membrane potential leading to electrical instability at the cellular and whole heart levels. Finally, we provide our perspective on the role of TSPO in the pathophysiology of diabetes, in general and diabetes-related arrhythmias, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Ilkan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Ilkan Z, Strauss B, Campana C, Akar FG. Optical Action Potential Mapping in Acute Models of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Probing the Arrhythmogenic Role of the Mitochondrial Translocator Protein. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1816:133-143. [PMID: 29987816 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8597-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes dynamic changes in electrophysiological properties that promote the incidence of post-ischemic arrhythmias. High-resolution optical action potential mapping allows for a quantitative assessment of the electrophysiological substrate at a cellular resolution within the intact heart, which is critical for elucidation of arrhythmia mechanisms. We and others have found that pharmacological inhibition of the translocator protein (TSPO) is highly effective against postischemic arrhythmias. A major hurdle that has limited the translation of this approach to patients is the fact that available TSPO ligands have several confounding effects, including a potent negative ionotropic property. To circumvent such limitations we developed an in vivo cardiac specific TSPO gene silencing approach as an alternative. Here, we provide the methodological details of our optical action potential mapping studies that were designed to probe the effects of TSPO silencing in hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that are prone to I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Ilkan
- Cardiac Bioelectricity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Strauss
- Cardiac Bioelectricity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Campana
- Cardiac Bioelectricity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Cardiac Bioelectricity Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Howarth FC, Qureshi MA, Jayaprakash P, Parekh K, Oz M, Dobrzynski H, Adrian TE. The Pattern of mRNA Expression Is Changed in Sinoatrial Node from Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat Heart. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8454078. [PMID: 30246030 PMCID: PMC6139199 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8454078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo experiments in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rats have demonstrated reductions in heart rate from a young age. The expression of genes encoding more than 70 proteins that are associated with the generation and conduction of electrical activity in the GK sinoatrial node (SAN) have been evaluated to further clarify the molecular basis of the low heart rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heart rate and expression of genes were evaluated with an extracellular electrode and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Rats aged 12-13 months were employed in these experiments. RESULTS Isolated spontaneous heart rate was reduced in GK heart (161 ± 12 bpm) compared to controls (229 ± 11 bpm). There were many differences in expression of mRNA, and some of these differences were of particular interest. Compared to control SAN, expression of some genes were downregulated in GK-SAN: gap junction, Gja1 (Cx43), Gja5 (Cx40), Gjc1 (Cx45), and Gjd3 (Cx31.9); cell membrane transport, Trpc1 (TRPC1) and Trpc6 (TRPC6); hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, Hcn1 (HCN1) and Hcn4 (HCN4); calcium channels, Cacna1d (Cav1.3), Cacna1g (Cav3.1), Cacna1h (Cav3.2), Cacna2d1 (Cavα2δ1), Cacna2d3 (Cavα2δ3), and Cacng4 (Cav γ 4); and potassium channels, Kcna2 (Kv1.2), Kcna4 (Kv1.4), Kcna5 (Kv1.5), Kcnb1 (Kv2.1), Kcnd3 (Kv4.3), Kcnj2 (Kir2.1), Kcnk1 (TWIK1), Kcnk5 (K2P5.1), Kcnk6 (TWIK2), and Kcnn2 (SK2) whilst others were upregulated in GK-SAN: Ryr2 (RYR2) and Nppb (BNP). CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight into the changing expression of genes in the sinoatrial node of diabetic heart.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Rate/genetics
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Sinoatrial Node/metabolism
- Sinoatrial Node/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- F. C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - P. Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - K. Parekh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. Oz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - H. Dobrzynski
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T. E. Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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11
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Watanabe S, Ishikawa K, Fish K, Oh JG, Motloch LJ, Kohlbrenner E, Lee P, Xie C, Lee A, Liang L, Kho C, Leonardson L, McIntyre M, Wilson S, Samulski RJ, Kranias EG, Weber T, Akar FG, Hajjar RJ. Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor-1 Gene Therapy in a Swine Model of Nonischemic Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:1744-1756. [PMID: 28958332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased protein phosphatase-1 in heart failure (HF) induces molecular changes deleterious to the cardiac cell. Inhibiting protein phosphatase-1 through the overexpression of a constitutively active inhibitor-1 (I-1c) has been shown to reverse cardiac dysfunction in a model of ischemic HF. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the therapeutic efficacy of a re-engineered adenoassociated viral vector carrying I-1c (BNP116.I-1c) in a preclinical model of nonischemic HF, and to assess thoroughly the safety of BNP116.I-1c gene therapy. METHODS Volume-overload HF was created in Yorkshire swine by inducing severe mitral regurgitation. One month after mitral regurgitation induction, pigs were randomized to intracoronary delivery of either BNP116.I-1c (n = 6) or saline (n = 7). Therapeutic efficacy and safety were evaluated 2 months after gene delivery. Additionally, 24 naive pigs received different doses of BNP116.I-1c for safety evaluation. RESULTS At 1 month after mitral regurgitation induction, pigs developed HF as evidenced by increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular volume indexes. Treatment with BNP116.I-1c resulted in improved left ventricular ejection fraction (-5.9 ± 4.2% vs. 5.5 ± 4.0%; p < 0.001) and adjusted dP/dt maximum (-3.39 ± 2.44 s-1 vs. 1.30 ± 2.39 s-1; p = 0.007). Moreover, BNP116.I-1c-treated pigs also exhibited a significant increase in left atrial ejection fraction at 2 months after gene delivery (-4.3 ± 3.1% vs. 7.5 ± 3.1%; p = 0.02). In vitro I-1c gene transfer in isolated left atrial myocytes from both pigs and rats increased calcium transient amplitude, consistent with its positive impact on left atrial contraction. We found no evidence of adverse electrical remodeling, arrhythmogenicity, activation of a cellular immune response, or off-target organ damage by BNP116.I-1c gene therapy in pigs. CONCLUSIONS Intracoronary delivery of BNP116.I-1c was safe and improved contractility of the left ventricle and atrium in a large animal model of nonischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Watanabe
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kiyotake Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Fish
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jae Gyun Oh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lukas J Motloch
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Philyoung Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chaoqin Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ahyoung Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lifan Liang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Changwon Kho
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lauren Leonardson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - R Jude Samulski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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12
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Gan LS, Zeng LW, Li XR, Zhou CX, Li J. New homoisoflavonoid analogues protect cells by regulating autophagy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1441-1445. [PMID: 28214077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As a special group of naturally occurring flavonoids, homoisoflavonoids have been discovered as active components of several traditional Chinese medicines for nourishing heart and mind. In this study, twenty homoisoflavonoid analogues, including different substitution groups on rings A and B, as well as heteroaromatic B ring, were synthesized and evaluated for their cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities. In a H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes injury assay, nine homoisoflavonoid analogues showed promising activities in the same level as the positive control, diazoxide. Six cardioprotective compounds with representative structure diversities were then evaluated for their neuroprotective effects on MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Furthermore, autophagy inducing monodansylcadaverine (MDC) fluorescence staining methods and molecular docking studies indicated the action mechanism of these compounds may involve autophagy regulating via class I PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-She Gan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin-Wei Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 48 Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chang-Xin Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 48 Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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13
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Korkmaz-Icöz S, Al Said S, Radovits T, Li S, Brune M, Hegedűs P, Atmanli A, Ruppert M, Brlecic P, Lehmann LH, Lahrmann B, Grabe N, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Most P, Karck M, Szabó G. Oral treatment with a zinc complex of acetylsalicylic acid prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy in a rat model of type-2 diabetes: activation of the Akt pathway. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:75. [PMID: 27153943 PMCID: PMC4858866 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type-2 diabetics have an increased risk of cardiomyopathy, and heart failure is a major cause of death among these patients. Growing evidence indicates that proinflammatory cytokines may induce the development of insulin resistance, and that anti-inflammatory medications may reverse this process. We investigated the effects of the oral administration of zinc and acetylsalicylic acid, in the form of bis(aspirinato)zinc(II)-complex Zn(ASA)2, on different aspects of cardiac damage in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an experimental model of type-2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Nondiabetic control (ZL) and ZDF rats were treated orally with vehicle or Zn(ASA)2 for 24 days. At the age of 29-30 weeks, the electrical activities, left-ventricular functional parameters and left-ventricular wall thicknesses were assessed. Nitrotyrosine immunohistochemistry, TUNEL-assay, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed. The protein expression of the insulin-receptor and PI3K/AKT pathway were quantified by Western blot. RESULTS Zn(ASA)2-treatment significantly decreased plasma glucose concentration in ZDF rats (39.0 ± 3.6 vs 49.4 ± 2.8 mM, P < 0.05) while serum insulin-levels were similar among the groups. Data from cardiac catheterization showed that Zn(ASA)2 normalized the increased left-ventricular diastolic stiffness (end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship: 0.064 ± 0.008 vs 0.084 ± 0.014 mmHg/µl; end-diastolic pressure: 6.5 ± 0.6 vs 7.9 ± 0.7 mmHg, P < 0.05). Furthermore, ECG-recordings revealed a restoration of prolonged QT-intervals (63 ± 3 vs 83 ± 4 ms, P < 0.05) with Zn(ASA)2. Left-ventricular wall thickness, assessed by echocardiography, did not differ among the groups. However histological examination revealed an increase in the cardiomyocytes' transverse cross-section area in ZDF compared to the ZL rats, which was significantly decreased after Zn(ASA)2-treatment. Additionally, a significant fibrotic remodeling was observed in the diabetic rats compared to ZL rats, and Zn(ASA)2-administered ZDF rats showed a similar collagen content as ZL animals. In diabetic hearts Zn(ASA)2 significantly decreased DNA-fragmentation, and nitro-oxidative stress, and up-regulated myocardial phosphorylated-AKT/AKT protein expression. Zn(ASA)2 reduced cardiomyocyte death in a cellular model of oxidative stress. Zn(ASA)2 had no effects on altered myocardial CD36, GLUT-4, and PI3K protein expression. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that treatment of type-2 diabetic rats with Zn(ASA)2 reduced plasma glucose-levels and prevented diabetic cardiomyopathy. The increased myocardial AKT activation could, in part, help to explain the cardioprotective effects of Zn(ASA)2. The oral administration of Zn(ASA)2 may have therapeutic potential, aiming to prevent/treat cardiac complications in type-2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samer Al Said
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- />Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, Budapest, 1122 Hungary
| | - Shiliang Li
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- />Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 671, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Hegedűs
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ayhan Atmanli
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, Budapest, 1122 Hungary
| | - Paige Brlecic
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Heyne Lehmann
- />Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Lahrmann
- />Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center (TIGA), Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Steinbeis Transfer Center for Medical Systems Biology, 69124 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grabe
- />Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center (TIGA), Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Steinbeis Transfer Center for Medical Systems Biology, 69124 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- />Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- />Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414 Japan
| | - Patrick Most
- />Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- />Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Abstract
KATP channels are integral to the functions of many cells and tissues. The use of electrophysiological methods has allowed for a detailed characterization of KATP channels in terms of their biophysical properties, nucleotide sensitivities, and modification by pharmacological compounds. However, even though they were first described almost 25 years ago (Noma 1983, Trube and Hescheler 1984), the physiological and pathophysiological roles of these channels, and their regulation by complex biological systems, are only now emerging for many tissues. Even in tissues where their roles have been best defined, there are still many unanswered questions. This review aims to summarize the properties, molecular composition, and pharmacology of KATP channels in various cardiovascular components (atria, specialized conduction system, ventricles, smooth muscle, endothelium, and mitochondria). We will summarize the lessons learned from available genetic mouse models and address the known roles of KATP channels in cardiovascular pathologies and how genetic variation in KATP channel genes contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique N Foster
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - William A Coetzee
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
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15
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Tse G, Lai ETH, Tse V, Yeo JM. Molecular and Electrophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis in Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2848759. [PMID: 27642609 PMCID: PMC5011530 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2848759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common endocrine disorder with an ever increasing prevalence globally, placing significant burdens on our healthcare systems. It is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidities. One of the mechanisms by which it causes death is increasing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. The aim of this article is to review the cardiac (ion channel abnormalities, electrophysiological and structural remodelling) and extracardiac factors (neural pathway remodelling) responsible for cardiac arrhythmogenesis in diabetes. It is concluded by an outline of molecular targets for future antiarrhythmic therapy for the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- *Gary Tse:
| | - Eric Tsz Him Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Tse
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Jie Ming Yeo
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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16
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Liu Z, Cai H, Dang Y, Qiu C, Wang J. Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and cardiomyopathies (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1447-54. [PMID: 26707080 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies have been indicated to be one of the leading causes of heart failure. Though it was indicated that genetic defects, viral infection and trace element deficiency were among the causes of cardiomyopathy, the etiology has remained to be fully elucidated. Cardiomyocytes require large amounts of energy to maintain their normal biological functions. Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), composed of inward-rectifier potassium ion channel and sulfonylurea receptor subunits, are present on the cell surface and mitochondrial membrane of cardiac muscle cells. As metabolic sensors sensitive to changes in intracellular energy levels, KATP adapt electrical activities to metabolic challenges, maintaining normal biological functions of myocytes. It is implied that malfunctions, mutations and altered expression of KATP are associated with the pathogenesis of conditions including c hypertrophy, diabetes as well as dilated, ischemic and endemic cardiomyopathy. However, the current knowledge is only the tip of the iceberg and the roles of KATP in cardiomyopathies largely remain to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112‑2705, LA, USA
| | - Junkui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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17
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Nelson BW, Van Wagoner DR. How Does Diazoxide Elicit Arrhythmias in Rats With Type 2 Diabetes? J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:1157-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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