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Sharma M, Schlegel MP, Afonso MS, Brown EJ, Rahman K, Weinstock A, Sansbury BE, Corr EM, van Solingen C, Koelwyn GJ, Shanley LC, Beckett L, Peled D, Lafaille JJ, Spite M, Loke P, Fisher EA, Moore KJ. Regulatory T Cells License Macrophage Pro-Resolving Functions During Atherosclerosis Regression. Circ Res 2020; 127:335-353. [PMID: 32336197 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Regression of atherosclerosis is an important clinical goal; however, the pathways that mediate the resolution of atherosclerotic inflammation and reversal of plaques are poorly understood. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to be atheroprotective, yet the numbers of these immunosuppressive cells decrease with disease progression, and whether they contribute to atherosclerosis regression is not known. OBJECTIVE We investigated the roles of Tregs in the resolution of atherosclerotic inflammation, tissue remodeling, and plaque contraction during atherosclerosis regression. METHODS AND RESULTS Using multiple independent mouse models of atherosclerosis regression, we demonstrate that an increase in plaque Tregs is a common signature of regressing plaques. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of plaque immune cells revealed that unlike Tregs from progressing plaques that expressed markers of natural Tregs derived from the thymus, Tregs in regressing plaques lacked Nrp1 expression, suggesting that they are induced in the periphery during lipid-lowering therapy. To test whether Tregs are required for resolution of atherosclerotic inflammation and plaque regression, Tregs were depleted using CD25 monoclonal antibody in atherosclerotic mice during apolipoprotein B antisense oligonucleotide-mediated lipid lowering. Morphometric analyses revealed that Treg depletion blocked plaque remodeling and contraction, and impaired hallmarks of inflammation resolution, including dampening of the T helper 1 response, alternative activation of macrophages, efferocytosis, and upregulation of specialized proresolving lipid mediators. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish essential roles for Tregs in resolving atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and provide mechanistic insight into the pathways governing plaque remodeling and regression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Martin P Schlegel
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany (M.P.S.)
| | - Milessa S Afonso
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Emily J Brown
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Karishma Rahman
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Ada Weinstock
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M. Spite)
| | - Emma M Corr
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Coen van Solingen
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Graeme J Koelwyn
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Lianne C Shanley
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Lauren Beckett
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Daniel Peled
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Juan J Lafaille
- Department of Pathology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute (J.J.L.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.E.S., M. Spite)
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology (Parasitology) (P.L.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Edward A Fisher
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine.,Department of Cell Biology (E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M. Sharma, M.P.S., M.S.A., E.J.B., K.R., A.W., E.M.C., C.v.S., G.J.K., L.C.S., L.B., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine.,Department of Cell Biology (E.A.F., K.J.M.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
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4
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Calcagno C, Fayad ZA. Clinical imaging of cardiovascular inflammation. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:74-84. [PMID: 32077666 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past twenty years, compelling preclinical and clinical data have indicated that a maladaptive inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis initiation and progression in the vasculature, all the way to the onset of life-threatening cardiovascular events. Furthermore, inflammation is key to heart and brain damage and healing after myocardial infarction or stroke. Recent evidence indicates that this interplay between the vasculature, organs target of ischemia and the immune system is mediated by the activation of hematopoietic organs (bone marrow and spleen). In this evolving landscape, non-invasive imaging is becoming more and more essential to support either mechanistic preclinical studies to investigate the role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease (CVD), or as a translational tool to quantify inflammation in the cardiovascular system and hematopoietic organs in patients. In this review paper, we will describe the clinical applications of non-invasive imaging to quantify inflammation in the vasculature, infarcted heart and brain, and hematopoietic organs in patients with cardiovascular disease, with specific focus on [18F]FDG PET and other novel inflammation-specific radiotracers. Furthermore, we will briefly describe the most recent clinical applications of other imaging techniques such as MRI, SPECT, CT, CEUS and OCT in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calcagno
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA - .,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Szostak J, Wong ET, Titz B, Lee T, Wong SK, Low T, Lee KM, Zhang J, Kumar A, Schlage WK, Guedj E, Phillips B, Leroy P, Buettner A, Xiang Y, Martin F, Sewer A, Kuczaj A, Ivanov NV, Luettich K, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A 6-month systems toxicology inhalation study in ApoE -/- mice demonstrates reduced cardiovascular effects of E-vapor aerosols compared with cigarette smoke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H604-H631. [PMID: 31975625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00613.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to the cardiovascular system. Considerable attention has been paid to the reduced harm potential of alternative nicotine-containing inhalable products such as e-cigarettes. We investigated the effects of E-vapor aerosols or cigarette smoke (CS) on atherosclerosis progression, cardiovascular function, and molecular changes in the heart and aorta of female apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. The mice were exposed to aerosols from three different E-vapor formulations: 1) carrier (propylene glycol and vegetable glycerol), 2) base (carrier and nicotine), or 3) test (base and flavor) or to CS from 3R4F reference cigarettes for up to 6 mo. Concentrations of CS and base or test aerosols were matched at 35 µg nicotine/L. Exposure to CS, compared with sham-exposed fresh air controls, accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation, whereas no such effect was seen for any of the three E-vapor aerosols. Molecular changes indicated disease mechanisms related to oxidative stress and inflammation in general, plus changes in calcium regulation, and altered cytoskeletal organization and microtubule dynamics in the left ventricle. While ejection fraction, fractional shortening, cardiac output, and isovolumic contraction time remained unchanged following E-vapor aerosols exposure, the nicotine-containing base and test aerosols caused an increase in isovolumic relaxation time similar to CS. A nicotine-related increase in pulse wave velocity and arterial stiffness was also observed, but it was significantly lower for base and test aerosols than for CS. These results demonstrate that in comparison with CS, E-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses associated with smoking-related cardiovascular diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Analysis of key urinary oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines showed an absence of oxidative stress and inflammation in the animals exposed to E-vapor aerosols. Conversely, animals exposed to conventional cigarette smoke had high urinary levels of these markers. When compared with conventional cigarette smoke, E-vapor aerosols induced smaller atherosclerotic plaque surface area and volume. Systolic and diastolic cardiac function, as well as endothelial function, were further significantly less affected by electronic cigarette aerosols than conventional cigarette smoke. Molecular analysis demonstrated that E-vapor aerosols induce significantly smaller transcriptomic dysregulation in the heart and aorta compared with conventional cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szostak
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Bjoern Titz
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Lee
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Sin Kei Wong
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Low
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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7
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Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Fortini F, Aquila G, Campo G, Vaccarezza M, Rizzo P. Notch Signaling Regulates Immune Responses in Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1130. [PMID: 31191522 PMCID: PMC6540611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that can cause coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, depending on which arteries are affected. At the beginning of atherosclerosis plasma lipoproteins accumulate in the sub-endothelial space. In response, monocytes migrate from the circulation through the endothelium into the intima where they differentiate into macrophages. These early events trigger a complex immune response that eventually involves many cellular subtypes of both innate and adaptive immunity. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved cell signaling system that mediates cell-to-cell communication. Recent studies have revealed that Notch modulate atherosclerosis by controlling macrophages polarization into M1 or M2 subtypes. Furthermore, it is known that Notch signaling controls differentiation and activity of T-helper and cytotoxic T-cells in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the role of Notch in modulating immunity in the context of atherosclerosis and whether targeting Notch may represent a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Fortini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy.,Cardiovascular Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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