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Jiang Y, Mingard C, Huber SM, Takhaveev V, McKeague M, Kizaki S, Schneider M, Ziegler N, Hürlimann V, Hoeng J, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Sturla SJ. Correction to "Quantification and Mapping of Alkylation in the Human Genome Reveal Single Nucleotide Resolution Precursors of Mutational Signatures". ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:487. [PMID: 38435521 PMCID: PMC10906244 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01100.].
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Poussin C, Titz B, Xiang Y, Baglia L, Berg R, Bornand D, Choukrallah MA, Curran T, Dijon S, Dossin E, Dulize R, Etter D, Fatarova M, Medlin LF, Haiduc A, Kishazi E, Kolli AR, Kondylis A, Kottelat E, Laszlo C, Lavrynenko O, Eb-Levadoux Y, Nury C, Peric D, Rizza M, Schneider T, Guedj E, Calvino F, Sierro N, Guy P, Ivanov NV, Picavet P, Spinelli S, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. Blood and urine multi-omics analysis of the impact of e-vaping, smoking, and cessation: from exposome to molecular responses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4286. [PMID: 38383592 PMCID: PMC10881465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. While quitting smoking is the best option, switching from cigarettes to non-combustible alternatives (NCAs) such as e-vapor products is a viable harm reduction approach for smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke. A key challenge for the clinical assessment of NCAs is that self-reported product use can be unreliable, compromising the proper evaluation of their risk reduction potential. In this cross-sectional study of 205 healthy volunteers, we combined comprehensive exposure characterization with in-depth multi-omics profiling to compare effects across four study groups: cigarette smokers (CS), e-vapor users (EV), former smokers (FS), and never smokers (NS). Multi-omics analyses included metabolomics, transcriptomics, DNA methylomics, proteomics, and lipidomics. Comparison of the molecular effects between CS and NS recapitulated several previous observations, such as increased inflammatory markers in CS. Generally, FS and EV demonstrated intermediate molecular effects between the NS and CS groups. Stratification of the FS and EV by combustion exposure markers suggested that this position on the spectrum between CS and NS was partially driven by non-compliance/dual use. Overall, this study highlights the importance of in-depth exposure characterization before biological effect characterization for any NCA assessment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Poussin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Laurel Baglia
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Berg
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Bornand
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Timothy Curran
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Dijon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Dossin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Doris Etter
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Fatarova
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Loyse Felber Medlin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Haiduc
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Edina Kishazi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aditya R Kolli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Kottelat
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Laszlo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Eb-Levadoux
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Rizza
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Calvino
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Picavet
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Sierro N, Auberson M, Dulize R, Ivanov NV. Chromosome-level genome assemblies of Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana sylvestris, and Nicotiana tomentosiformis. Sci Data 2024; 11:135. [PMID: 38278835 PMCID: PMC10817978 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Solanaceae species Nicotiana tabacum, an economically important crop plant cultivated worldwide, is an allotetraploid species that appeared about 200,000 years ago as the result of the hybridization of diploid ancestors of Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis. The previously published genome assemblies for these three species relied primarily on short-reads, and the obtained pseudochromosomes only partially covered the genomes. In this study, we generated annotated de novo chromosome-level genomes of N. tabacum, N. sylvestris, and N. tomentosiformis, which contain 3.99 Gb, 2.32 Gb, and 1.74 Gb, respectively of sequence data, with 97.6%, 99.5%, and 95.9% aligned in chromosomes, and represent 99.2%, 98.3%, and 98.5% of the near-universal single-copy orthologs Solanaceae genes. The completion levels of these chromosome-level genomes for N. tabacum, N. sylvestris, and N. tomentosiformis are comparable to other reference Solanaceae genomes, enabling more efficient synteny-based cross-species research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Mehdi Auberson
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rémi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Khafizova GV, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Sokornova SV, Polev DE, Matveeva TV. Nicotiana noctiflora Hook. Genome Contains Two Cellular T-DNAs with Functional Genes. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3787. [PMID: 38005684 PMCID: PMC10674353 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium (Rhizobium)-mediated transformation leads to the formation of crown galls or hairy roots on infected plants. These effects develop due to the activity of T-DNA genes, gathered on a big plasmid, acquired from agrobacteria during horizontal gene transfer. However, a lot of plant species are known to contain such sequences, called cellular T-DNAs (cT-DNAs), and maintain normal phenotypes. Some of the genes remain intact, which leads to the conclusion of their functional role in plants. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the cT-DNAs in the Nicotiana noctiflora Hook. genome, including gene expression and opine identification. Deep sequencing of the Nicotiana noctiflora genome revealed the presence of two different cT-DNAs, NnT-DNA1 and NnT-DNA2, which contain the intact genes iaaM, iaaH, acs, orf13, orf13a, and orf14. According to the expression analysis results, all these genes are most active in roots in comparison with other organs, which is consistent with data on cT-DNA gene expression in other plant species. We also used genetic engineering approaches and HPTLC and HPLC-MS methods to investigate the product of the acs gene (agrocinopine synthase), which turned out to be similar to agrocinopine A. Overall, this study expands our knowledge of cT-DNAs in plants and brings us closer to understanding their possible functions. Further research of cT-DNAs in different species and their functional implications could contribute to advancements in plant genetics and potentially unveil novel traits with practical applications in agriculture and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Khafizova
- Department of Genetic and Breeding, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia; (G.V.K.)
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (N.S.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (N.S.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Sofie V. Sokornova
- Department of Genetic and Breeding, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia; (G.V.K.)
| | - Dmitrii E. Polev
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Matveeva
- Department of Genetic and Breeding, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia; (G.V.K.)
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Ouadi S, Sierro N, Kessler F, Ivanov NV. Chromosome-scale assemblies of S. malaccense, S. aqueum, S. jambos, and S. syzygioides provide insights into the evolution of Syzygium genomes. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1248780. [PMID: 37868305 PMCID: PMC10587690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium is a large and diverse tree genus in the Myrtaceae family. Genome assemblies for clove (Syzygium aromaticum, 370 Mb) and sea apple (Syzygium grande, 405 Mb) provided the first insights into the genomic features and evolution of the Syzygium genus. Here, we present additional de novo chromosome-scale genome assemblies for Syzygium malaccense, Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium jambos, and Syzygium syzygioides. Genome profiling analyses show that S. malaccense, like S. aromaticum and S. grande, is diploid (2n = 2x = 22), while the S. aqueum, S. jambos, and S. syzygioides specimens are autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 44). The genome assemblies of S. malaccense (430 Mb), S. aqueum (392 Mb), S. jambos (426 Mb), and S. syzygioides (431 Mb) are highly complete (BUSCO scores of 98%). Comparative genomics analyses showed conserved organization of the 11 chromosomes with S. aromaticum and S. grande, and revealed species-specific evolutionary dynamics of the long terminal repeat retrotransposon elements belonging to the Gypsy and Copia lineages. This set of Syzygium genomes is a valuable resource for future structural and functional comparative genomic studies on Myrtaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ouadi
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Kessler
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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De Paola C, Garcia-Carpintero V, Vazquez-Vilar M, Kaminski K, Fernandez-Del-Carmen A, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Giuliano G, Waterhouse P, Orzaez D. Comparative analysis of the Squamosa Promoter Binding-Like (SPL) gene family in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Sci 2023; 335:111797. [PMID: 37467788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL) proteins constitute a large family of transcription factors known to play key roles in growth and developmental processes, including juvenile-to-adult and vegetative-to-reproductive phase transitions. This makes SPLs interesting targets for precision breeding in plants of the Nicotiana genus used as e.g. recombinant biofactories. We report the identification of 49 SPL genes in Nicotiana tabacum cv. K326 and 43 SPL genes in Nicotiana benthamiana LAB strain, which were classified into eight phylogenetic groups according to the SPL classification in Arabidopsis. Exon-intron gene structure and DNA-binding domains were highly conserved between homeologues and orthologues. Thirty of the NbSPL genes and 33 of the NtSPL genes were found to be possible targets of microRNA 156. The expression of SPL genes in leaves was analysed by RNA-seq at three different stages, revealing that genes not under miR156 control were in general constitutively expressed at high levels, whereas miR156-regulated genes showed lower expression, often developmentally regulated. We selected the N. benthamiana SPL13_1a gene as target for a CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out experiment. We show here that a full knock-out in this single gene leads to a significant delay in flowering time, a trait that could be exploited to increase biomass for recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine De Paola
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Marta Vazquez-Vilar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Diego Orzaez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain.
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Kaminski KP, Bovet L, Hilfiker A, Laparra H, Schwaar J, Sierro N, Lang G, De Palo D, Guy PA, Laszlo C, Goepfert S, Ivanov NV. Suppression of pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine in leaves of tobacco (N. tabacum L.). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:516. [PMID: 37667170 PMCID: PMC10476381 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatabine, although being one of four major tobacco alkaloids, is never accumulated in high quantity in any of the naturally occurring species from the Nicotiana genus. Previous studies therefore focused on transgenic approaches to synthetize anatabine, most notably by generating transgenic lines with suppressed putrescine methyltransferase (PMT) activity. This led to promising results, but the global gene expression of plants with such distinct metabolism has not been analyzed. In the current study, we describe how these plants respond to topping and the downstream effects on alkaloid biosynthesis. RESULTS The surge in anatabine accumulation in PMT transgenic lines after topping treatment and its effects on gene expression changes were analyzed. The results revealed increases in expression of isoflavone reductase-like (A622) and berberine bridge-like enzymes (BBLs) oxidoreductase genes, previously shown to be crucial for the final steps of nicotine biosynthesis. We also observed significantly higher methylputrescine oxidase (MPO) expression in all plants subjected to topping treatment. In order to investigate if MPO suppression would have the same effects as that of PMT, we generated transgenic plants. These plants with suppressed MPO expression showed an almost complete drop in leaf nicotine content, whereas leaf anatabine was observed to increase by a factor of ~ 1.6X. CONCLUSION Our results are the first concrete evidence that suppression of MPO leads to decreased nicotine in favor of anatabine in tobacco roots and that this anatabine is successfully transported to tobacco leaves. Alkaloid transport in plants remains to be investigated to higher detail due to high variation of its efficiency among Nicotiana species and varieties of tobacco. Our research adds important step to better understand pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Piotr Kaminski
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Bovet
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Hilfiker
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Laparra
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Schwaar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Lang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Palo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Alexandre Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Laszlo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Goepfert
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Andriianov A, Trigüis S, Drobiazko A, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Selmer M, Severinov K, Isaev A. Phage T3 overcomes the BREX defense through SAM cleavage and inhibition of SAM synthesis by SAM lyase. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112972. [PMID: 37578860 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage T3 encodes a SAMase that, through cleavage of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), circumvents the SAM-dependent type I restriction-modification (R-M) defense. We show that SAMase also allows T3 to evade the BREX defense. Although SAM depletion weakly affects BREX methylation, it completely inhibits the defensive function of BREX, suggesting that SAM could be a co-factor for BREX-mediated exclusion of phage DNA, similar to its anti-defense role in type I R-M. The anti-BREX activity of T3 SAMase is mediated not just by enzymatic degradation of SAM but also by direct inhibition of MetK, the host SAM synthase. We present a 2.8 Å cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the eight-subunit T3 SAMase-MetK complex. Structure-guided mutagenesis reveals that this interaction stabilizes T3 SAMase in vivo, further stimulating its anti-BREX activity. This work provides insights in the versatility of bacteriophage counterdefense mechanisms and highlights the role of SAM as a co-factor of diverse bacterial immunity systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Trigüis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alena Drobiazko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Selmer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Artem Isaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia.
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Cecchin M, Simicevic J, Chaput L, Hernandez Gil M, Girolomoni L, Cazzaniga S, Remacle C, Hoeng J, Ivanov NV, Titz B, Ballottari M. Acclimation strategies of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris to different light regimes revealed by physiological and comparative proteomic analyses. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:4540-4558. [PMID: 37155956 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation to different light regimes is at the basis of survival for photosynthetic organisms, regardless of their evolutionary origin. Previous research efforts largely focused on acclimation events occurring at the level of the photosynthetic apparatus and often highlighted species-specific mechanisms. Here, we investigated the consequences of acclimation to different irradiances in Chlorella vulgaris, a green alga that is one of the most promising species for industrial application, focusing on both photosynthetic and mitochondrial activities. Moreover, proteomic analysis of cells acclimated to high light (HL) or low light (LL) allowed identification of the main targets of acclimation in terms of differentially expressed proteins. The results obtained demonstrate photosynthetic adaptation to HL versus LL that was only partially consistent with previous findings in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism for green algae, but in many cases similar to vascular plant acclimation events. Increased mitochondrial respiration measured in HL-acclimated cells mainly relied on alternative oxidative pathway dissipating the excessive reducing power produced due to enhanced carbon flow. Finally, proteins involved in cell metabolism, intracellular transport, gene expression, and signaling-including a heliorhodopsin homolog-were identified as strongly differentially expressed in HL versus LL, suggesting their key roles in acclimation to different light regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cecchin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Jovan Simicevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Louise Chaput
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hernandez Gil
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Girolomoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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10
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D’Andrea L, Sierro N, Ouadi S, Hasing T, Rinaldi E, Ivanov NV, Bombarely A. Polyploid Nicotiana section Suaveolentes originated by hybridization of two ancestral Nicotiana clades. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:999887. [PMID: 37223799 PMCID: PMC10200995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.999887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Nicotiana section Suaveolentes is an almost all-Australian clade of allopolyploid tobacco species that emerged through hybridization between diploid relatives of the genus. In this study, we aimed to assess the phylogenetic relationship of the Suaveolentes section with several Nicotiana diploid species based on both plastidial and nuclear genes. Methods The Nicotiana plastome-based phylogenetic analysis representing 47 newly re-built plastid genomes suggested that an ancestor of N. section Noctiflorae is the most likely maternal donor of the Suaveolentes clade. Nevertheless, we found clear evidence of plastid recombination with an ancestor from the Sylvestres clade. We analyzed 411 maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic trees from a set of conserved nuclear diploid single copy gene families following an approach that assessed the genomic origin of each homeolog. Results We found that Nicotiana section Suaveolentes is monophyletic with contributions from the sections Alatae, Sylvestres, Petunioides and Noctiflorae. The dating of the divergence between these sections indicates that the Suaveolentes hybridization predates the split between Alatae/Sylvestres, and Noctiflorae/Petunioides. Discussion We propose that Nicotiana section Suaveolentes arose from the hybridization of two ancestral species from which the Noctiflorae/Petunioides and Alatae/Sylvestres sections are derived, with Noctiflorae the maternal parent. This study is a good example in which the use of genome wide data provided additional evidence about the origin of a complex polyploid clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio D’Andrea
- Department of Bioscience, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Ouadi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Elijah Rinaldi
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Bioscience, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP) (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain
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11
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Khachatryan L, Xiang Y, Ivanov A, Glaab E, Graham G, Granata I, Giordano M, Maddalena L, Piccirillo M, Manipur I, Baruzzo G, Cappellato M, Avot B, Stan A, Battey J, Lo Sasso G, Boue S, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Falquet L, Di Camillo B, Guarracino MR, Ulyantsev V, Sierro N, Poussin C. Results and lessons learned from the sbv IMPROVER metagenomics diagnostics for inflammatory bowel disease challenge. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6303. [PMID: 37072468 PMCID: PMC10113391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence links gut microbiota changes with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), raising the potential benefit of exploiting metagenomics data for non-invasive IBD diagnostics. The sbv IMPROVER metagenomics diagnosis for inflammatory bowel disease challenge investigated computational metagenomics methods for discriminating IBD and nonIBD subjects. Participants in this challenge were given independent training and test metagenomics data from IBD and nonIBD subjects, which could be wither either raw read data (sub-challenge 1, SC1) or processed Taxonomy- and Function-based profiles (sub-challenge 2, SC2). A total of 81 anonymized submissions were received between September 2019 and March 2020. Most participants' predictions performed better than random predictions in classifying IBD versus nonIBD, Ulcerative Colitis (UC) versus nonIBD, and Crohn's Disease (CD) versus nonIBD. However, discrimination between UC and CD remains challenging, with the classification quality similar to the set of random predictions. We analyzed the class prediction accuracy, the metagenomics features by the teams, and computational methods used. These results will be openly shared with the scientific community to help advance IBD research and illustrate the application of a range of computational methodologies for effective metagenomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Khachatryan
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Artem Ivanov
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Enrico Glaab
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Stan
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - James Battey
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Boue
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carine Poussin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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12
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Mingard C, Battey JND, Takhaveev V, Blatter K, Hürlimann V, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Sturla SJ. Dissection of Cancer Mutational Signatures with Individual Components of Cigarette Smoking. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:714-723. [PMID: 36976926 PMCID: PMC10114081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke delivers a complex mixture of hazardous and potentially hazardous chemicals. Some of these may induce the formation of DNA mutations, which increases the risk of various cancers that display characteristic patterns of accumulated mutations arising from the causative exposures. Tracking the contributions of individual mutagens to mutational signatures present in human cancers can help understand cancer etiology and advance disease prevention strategies. To characterize the potential contributions of individual constituents of tobacco smoke to tobacco exposure-associated mutational signatures, we first assessed the toxic potential of 13 tobacco-relevant compounds by determining their impact on the viability of a human bronchial lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Experimentally derived high-resolution mutational profiles were characterized for the seven most potent compounds by sequencing the genomes of clonally expanded mutants that arose after exposure to the individual chemicals. Analogous to the classification of mutagenic processes on the basis of signatures from human cancers, we extracted mutational signatures from the mutant clones. We confirmed the formation of previously characterized benzo[a]pyrene mutational signatures. Furthermore, we discovered three novel mutational signatures. The mutational signatures arising from benzo[a]pyrene and norharmane were similar to human lung cancer signatures attributed to tobacco smoking. However, the signatures arising from N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 4-(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamino]-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone were not directly related to known tobacco-linked mutational signatures from human cancers. This new data set expands the scope of the in vitro mutational signature catalog and advances understanding of how environmental agents mutate DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Mingard
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zürich, CH 8092, Switzerland
| | - James N D Battey
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, CH 2000, Switzerland
| | - Vakil Takhaveev
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zürich, CH 8092, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Blatter
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zürich, CH 8092, Switzerland
| | - Vera Hürlimann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zürich, CH 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, CH 2000, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, CH 2000, Switzerland
| | - Shana J Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zürich, CH 8092, Switzerland
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13
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Jiang Y, Mingard C, Huber SM, Takhaveev V, McKeague M, Kizaki S, Schneider M, Ziegler N, Hürlimann V, Hoeng J, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Sturla SJ. Quantification and Mapping of Alkylation in the Human Genome Reveal Single Nucleotide Resolution Precursors of Mutational Signatures. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:362-372. [PMID: 36968528 PMCID: PMC10037492 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications to DNA bases, including DNA adducts arising from reactions with electrophilic chemicals, are well-known to impact cell growth, miscode during replication, and influence disease etiology. However, knowledge of how genomic sequences and structures influence the accumulation of alkylated DNA bases is not broadly characterized with high resolution, nor have these patterns been linked with overall quantities of modified bases in the genome. For benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous environmental carcinogen, we developed a single-nucleotide resolution damage sequencing method to map in a human lung cell line the main mutagenic adduct arising from BaP. Furthermore, we combined this analysis with quantitative mass spectrometry to evaluate the dose-response profile of adduct formation. By comparing damage abundance with DNase hypersensitive sites, transcription levels, and other genome annotation data, we found that although overall adduct levels rose with increasing chemical exposure concentration, genomic distribution patterns consistently correlated with chromatin state and transcriptional status. Moreover, due to the single nucleotide resolution characteristics of this DNA damage map, we could determine preferred DNA triad sequence contexts for alkylation accumulation, revealing a characteristic DNA damage signature. This new BaP damage signature had a profile highly similar to mutational signatures identified previously in lung cancer genomes from smokers. Thus, these data provide insight on how genomic features shape the accumulation of alkylation products in the genome and predictive strategies for linking single-nucleotide resolution in vitro damage maps with human cancer mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Mingard
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina M. Huber
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Vakil Takhaveev
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Maureen McKeague
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Pharmacology
and Therapeutics, Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Seiichiro Kizaki
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Schneider
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ziegler
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Vera Hürlimann
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip
Morris Products SA, Quai
Jeanrenaud 3, Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip
Morris Products SA, Quai
Jeanrenaud 3, Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- Philip
Morris Products SA, Quai
Jeanrenaud 3, Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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14
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Nury C, Merg C, Eb-Levadoux Y, Bovard D, Porchet M, Maranzano F, Loncarevic I, Tavalaei S, Lize E, Demenescu RL, Yepiskoposyan H, Hoeng J, Ivanov NV, Renggli K, Titz B. Toxicoproteomics reveals an effect of clozapine on autophagy in human liver spheroids. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022:1-10. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2156005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Eb-Levadoux
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bovard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Porchet
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Maranzano
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Isidora Loncarevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shahrzad Tavalaei
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonore Lize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hasmik Yepiskoposyan
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kasper Renggli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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15
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Lavrynenko O, Dijon S, Titz B, Ivanov NV. Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues. J Vis Exp 2022. [DOI: 10.3791/63726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Messinis DE, Poussin C, Latino DARS, Eb-Levadoux Y, Dulize R, Peric D, Guedj E, Titz B, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Systems biology reveals anatabine to be an NRF2 activator. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011184. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatabine, an alkaloid present in plants of the Solanaceae family (including tobacco and eggplant), has been shown to ameliorate chronic inflammatory conditions in mouse models, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, and intestinal inflammation. However, the mechanisms of action of anatabine remain unclear. To understand the impact of anatabine on cellular systems and identify the molecular pathways that are perturbed, we designed a study to examine the concentration-dependent effects of anatabine on various cell types by using a systems pharmacology approach. The resulting dataset, consisting of measurements of various omics data types at different time points, was analyzed by using multiple computational techniques. To identify concentration-dependent activated pathways, we performed linear modeling followed by gene set enrichment. To predict the functional partners of anatabine and the involved pathways, we harnessed the LINCS L1000 dataset’s wealth of information and implemented integer linear programming on directed graphs, respectively. Finally, we experimentally verified our key computational predictions. Using an appropriate luciferase reporter cell system, we were able to demonstrate that anatabine treatment results in NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2) translocation, and our systematic phosphoproteomic assays showed that anatabine treatment results in activation of MAPK signaling. While there are certain areas to be explored in deciphering the exact anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of anatabine and other NRF2 activators, we believe that anatabine constitutes an interesting molecule for its therapeutic potential in NRF2-related diseases.
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17
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Zivkovic Semren T, Majeed S, Fatarova M, Laszlo C, Pak C, Steiner S, Vidal-de-Miguel G, Kuczaj A, Mazurov A, Peitsch MC, Ivanov NV, Hoeng J, Guy PA. Application of Secondary Electrospray Ionization Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Chemical Characterization of Thermally Generated Aerosols. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:2147-2155. [PMID: 36218284 PMCID: PMC9634908 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation as a route for administering drugs and dietary supplements has garnered significant attention over the past decade. We performed real-time analyses of aerosols using secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) technology interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), primarily developed for exhaled breath analysis with the goal to detect the main aerosol constituents. Several commercially available inhalation devices containing caffeine, melatonin, cannabidiol, and vitamin B12 were tested. Chemical characterization of the aerosols produced by these devices enabled detection of the main constituents and screening for potential contaminants, byproducts, and impurities in the aerosol. In addition, a programmable syringe pump was connected to the SESI-HRMS system to monitor aerosolized active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin. This setup allowed us to detect caffeine, melatonin, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and cannabidiol in the produced aerosols. Azithromycin and vitamin B12 in the aerosols could not be detected; however, our instrument setup enabled the detection of vitamin B12 breakdown products that were generated during the aerosolization process. Positive control was realized by liquid chromatography-HRMS analyses. The compounds detected in the aerosol were confirmed by exact mass measurements of the protonated and/or deprotonated species, as well as their respective collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectra. These results reveal the potential wide application of this technology for the real-time monitoring of aerosolized active pharmaceutical ingredients that can be administered through the inhalation route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zivkovic Semren
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Fatarova
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Laszlo
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Claudius Pak
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Steiner
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Anatoly Mazurov
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe A. Guy
- PMI
R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
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18
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Shoji T, Moriyama K, Sierro N, Ouadi S, Ivanov NV, Hashimoto T, Saito K. Natural and induced variations in transcriptional regulator genes result in low-nicotine phenotypes in tobacco. Plant J 2022; 111:1768-1779. [PMID: 35883194 PMCID: PMC9544004 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In tobacco, the homologous ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors ERF199 and ERF189 coordinate the transcription of multiple metabolic genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. Natural alleles at the NIC1 and NIC2 loci greatly affect alkaloid accumulation and overlap with ERF199 and ERF189 in the tobacco genome, respectively. In this study, we identified several low-nicotine tobacco varieties lacking ERF199 or ERF189 from a tobacco germplasm collection. We characterized the sequence of these new nic1 and nic2 alleles, as well as the previously defined alleles nic1-1 and nic2-1. Moreover, we examined the influence of different nic alleles on alkaloid contents and expression levels of genes related to nicotine biosynthesis. We also demonstrated that the deletion of a distal genomic region attenuates ERF199 expression, resulting in a moderately negative effect on the alkaloid phenotype. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and novel genetic resources to breed low-nicotine tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Shoji
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Koki Moriyama
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Sonia Ouadi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Plant Molecular Science CenterChiba University, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
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19
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Ouadi S, Sierro N, Goepfert S, Bovet L, Glauser G, Vallat A, Peitsch MC, Kessler F, Ivanov NV. The clove (Syzygium aromaticum) genome provides insights into the eugenol biosynthesis pathway. Commun Biol 2022; 5:684. [PMID: 35810198 PMCID: PMC9271057 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is an important tropical spice crop in global trade. Evolving environmental pressures necessitate modern characterization and selection techniques that are currently inaccessible to clove growers owing to the scarcity of genomic and genetic information. Here, we present a 370-Mb high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly for clove. Comparative genomic analysis between S. aromaticum and Eucalyptus grandis—both species of the Myrtaceae family—reveals good genome structure conservation and intrachromosomal rearrangements on seven of the eleven chromosomes. We report genes that belong to families involved in the biosynthesis of eugenol, the major bioactive component of clove products. On the basis of our transcriptomic and metabolomic findings, we propose a hypothetical scenario in which eugenol acetate plays a key role in high eugenol accumulation in clove leaves and buds. The clove genome is a new contribution to omics resources for the Myrtaceae family and an important tool for clove research. A newly assembled clove genome is compared with E. grandis to investigate genome evolution between the two genera of the Myrtaceae family, and putative genes involved in the biosynthesis of eugenol are identified through transcriptomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ouadi
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S. A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S. A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Goepfert
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S. A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Bovet
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S. A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Faculty of Sciences, Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Armelle Vallat
- Faculty of Sciences, Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S. A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Kessler
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S. A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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20
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Xiang Y, Luettich K, Martin F, Battey JND, Trivedi K, Neau L, Wong ET, Guedj E, Dulize R, Peric D, Bornand D, Ouadi S, Sierro N, Büttner A, Ivanov NV, Vanscheeuwijck P, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. Discriminating Spontaneous From Cigarette Smoke and THS 2.2 Aerosol Exposure-Related Proliferative Lung Lesions in A/J Mice by Using Gene Expression and Mutation Spectrum Data. Front Toxicol 2022; 3:634035. [PMID: 35295134 PMCID: PMC8915865 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.634035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice, especially A/J mice, have been widely employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of lung tumor formation and progression and to derive human-relevant modes of action. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure induces tumors in the lungs; but, non-exposed A/J mice will also develop lung tumors spontaneously with age, which raises the question of discriminating CS-related lung tumors from spontaneous ones. However, the challenge is that spontaneous tumors are histologically indistinguishable from the tumors occurring in CS-exposed mice. We conducted an 18-month inhalation study in A/J mice to assess the impact of lifetime exposure to Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2 aerosol relative to exposure to 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS) on toxicity and carcinogenicity endpoints. To tackle the above challenge, a 13-gene gene signature was developed based on an independent A/J mouse CS exposure study, following by a one-class classifier development based on the current study. Identifying gene signature in one data set and building classifier in another data set addresses the feature/gene selection bias which is a well-known problem in literature. Applied to data from this study, this gene signature classifier distinguished tumors in CS-exposed animals from spontaneous tumors. Lung tumors from THS 2.2 aerosol-exposed mice were significantly different from those of CS-exposed mice but not from spontaneous tumors. The signature was also applied to human lung adenocarcinoma gene expression data (from The Cancer Genome Atlas) and discriminated cancers in never-smokers from those in ever-smokers, suggesting translatability of our signature genes from mice to humans. A possible application of this gene signature is to discriminate lung cancer patients who may benefit from specific treatments (i.e., EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Mutational spectra from a subset of samples were also utilized for tumor classification, yielding similar results. “Landscaping” the molecular features of A/J mouse lung tumors highlighted, for the first time, a number of events that are also known to play a role in human lung tumorigenesis, such as Lrp1b mutation and Ros1 overexpression. This study shows that omics and computational tools provide useful means of tumor classification where histopathological evaluation alone may be unsatisfactory to distinguish between age- and exposure-related lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - James N D Battey
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Neau
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bornand
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Ouadi
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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21
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Pizzio GA, Mayordomo C, Lozano-Juste J, Garcia-Carpintero V, Vazquez-Vilar M, Nebauer SG, Kaminski KP, Ivanov NV, Estevez JC, Rivera-Moreno M, Albert A, Orzaez D, Rodriguez PL. PYL1- and PYL8-like ABA Receptors of Nicotiana benthamiana Play a Key Role in ABA Response in Seed and Vegetative Tissue. Cells 2022; 11:795. [PMID: 35269417 PMCID: PMC8909036 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To face the challenges of climate change and sustainable food production, it is essential to develop crop genome editing techniques to pinpoint key genes involved in abiotic stress signaling. The identification of those prevailing abscisic acid (ABA) receptors that mediate plant-environment interactions is quite challenging in polyploid plants because of the high number of genes in the PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptor family. Nicotiana benthamiana is a biotechnological crop amenable to genome editing, and given the importance of ABA signaling in coping with drought stress, we initiated the analysis of its 23-member family of ABA receptors through multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing. We generated several high-order mutants impaired in NbPYL1-like and NbPYL8-like receptors, which showed certain insensitivity to ABA for inhibition of seedling establishment, growth, and development of shoot and lateral roots as well as reduced sensitivity to the PYL1-agonist cyanabactin (CB). However, in these high-order mutants, regulation of transpiration was not affected and was responsive to ABA treatment. This reveals a robust and redundant control of transpiration in this allotetraploid plant that probably reflects its origin from the extreme habitat of central Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston A. Pizzio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.A.P.); (C.M.); (J.L.-J.); (V.G.-C.); (M.V.-V.); (D.O.)
| | - Cristian Mayordomo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.A.P.); (C.M.); (J.L.-J.); (V.G.-C.); (M.V.-V.); (D.O.)
| | - Jorge Lozano-Juste
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.A.P.); (C.M.); (J.L.-J.); (V.G.-C.); (M.V.-V.); (D.O.)
| | - Victor Garcia-Carpintero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.A.P.); (C.M.); (J.L.-J.); (V.G.-C.); (M.V.-V.); (D.O.)
| | - Marta Vazquez-Vilar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.A.P.); (C.M.); (J.L.-J.); (V.G.-C.); (M.V.-V.); (D.O.)
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Plant Production Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Kacper P. Kaminski
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jean Renaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (K.P.K.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jean Renaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (K.P.K.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Juan C. Estevez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química e Bioloxía Molecular (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Maria Rivera-Moreno
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Armando Albert
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Diego Orzaez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.A.P.); (C.M.); (J.L.-J.); (V.G.-C.); (M.V.-V.); (D.O.)
| | - Pedro L. Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.A.P.); (C.M.); (J.L.-J.); (V.G.-C.); (M.V.-V.); (D.O.)
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22
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Kolli AR, Semren TZ, Bovard D, Majeed S, van der Toorn M, Scheuner S, Guy PA, Kuczaj A, Mazurov A, Frentzel S, Calvino-Martin F, Ivanov NV, O'Mullane J, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Pulmonary Delivery of Aerosolized Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine to Treat COVID-19: In Vitro Experimentation to Human Dosing Predictions. AAPS J 2022; 24:33. [PMID: 35132508 PMCID: PMC8821864 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro screening for pharmacological activity of existing drugs showed chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Oral administration of these compounds to obtain desired pulmonary exposures resulted in dose-limiting systemic toxicity in humans. However, pulmonary drug delivery enables direct and rapid administration to obtain higher local tissue concentrations in target tissue. In this work, inhalable formulations for thermal aerosolization of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were developed, and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Thermal aerosolization of 40 mg/mL chloroquine and 100 mg/mL hydroxychloroquine formulations delivered respirable aerosol particle sizes with 0.15 and 0.33 mg per 55 mL puff, respectively. In vitro toxicity was evaluated by exposing primary human bronchial epithelial cells to aerosol generated from Vitrocell. An in vitro exposure to 7.24 μg of chloroquine or 7.99 μg hydroxychloroquine showed no significant changes in cilia beating, transepithelial electrical resistance, and cell viability. The pharmacokinetics of inhaled aerosols was predicted by developing a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that included a detailed species-specific respiratory tract physiology and lysosomal trapping. Based on the model predictions, inhaling emitted doses comprising 1.5 mg of chloroquine or 3.3 mg hydroxychloroquine three times a day may yield therapeutically effective concentrations in the lung. Inhalation of higher doses further increased effective concentrations in the lung while maintaining lower systemic concentrations. Given the theoretically favorable risk/benefit ratio, the clinical significance for pulmonary delivery of aerosolized chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 needs to be established in rigorous safety and efficacy studies. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya R Kolli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Zivkovic Semren
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bovard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marco van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Scheuner
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe A Guy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anatoly Mazurov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Calvino-Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - John O'Mullane
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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23
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Zanetti F, Zivkovic Semren T, Battey JND, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, van der Plas A, Hoeng J. A Literature Review and Framework Proposal for Halitosis Assessment in Cigarette Smokers and Alternative Nicotine-Delivery Products Users. Front Oral Health 2021; 2:777442. [PMID: 35048075 PMCID: PMC8757736 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.777442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a health condition which counts cigarette smoking (CS) among its major risk factors. Cigarette smoke can cause an imbalance in the oral bacterial community, leading to several oral diseases and conditions, including intraoral halitosis. Although the best approach to decrease smoking-related health risks is quitting smoking, this is not feasible for many smokers. Switching to potentially reduced-risk products, like electronic vapor products (EVP) or heated tobacco products (HTP), may help improve the conditions associated with CS. To date, there have been few systematic studies on the effects of CS on halitosis and none have assessed the effects of EVP and HTP use. Self-assessment studies have shown large limitations owing to the lack of reliability in the participants' judgment. This has compelled the scientific community to develop a strategy for meaningful assessment of these new products in comparison with cigarettes. Here, we compiled a review of the existing literature on CS and halitosis and propose a 3-layer approach that combines the use of the most advanced breath analysis techniques and multi-omics analysis to define the interactions between oral bacterial species and their role in halitosis both in vitro and in vivo. Such an approach will allow us to compare the effects of different nicotine-delivery products on oral bacteria and quantify their impact on halitosis. Defining the impact of alternative nicotine-delivery products on intraoral halitosis and its associated bacteria will help the scientific community advance a step further toward understanding the safety of these products and their potentiall risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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24
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Yuan Y, DeBrosse M, Brothers M, Kim S, Sereda A, Ivanov NV, Hussain S, Heikenfeld J. Oil-Membrane Protection of Electrochemical Sensors for Fouling- and pH-Insensitive Detection of Lipophilic Analytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:53553-53563. [PMID: 34665962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To take full advantage of the reagent- and label-free sensing capabilities of electrochemical sensors, a frequent and remaining challenge is interference and degradation of the sensors due to uncontrolled pH or salinity in the sample solution or foulants from the sample solution. Here, we present an oil-membrane sensor protection technique that allows for the permeation of hydrophobic (lipophilic) analytes into a sealed sensor compartment containing ideal salinity and pH conditions while simultaneously blocking common hydrophilic interferents (proteins, acids, bases, etc.) In this paper, we validate the oil-membrane sensor protection technique by demonstrating continuous cortisol detection via electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors. The encapsulated EAB cortisol sensor exhibits a 5 min concentration-on rise time and maintains a measurement signal of at least 7 h even in the extreme condition of an acidic solution of pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Yuan
- Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Madeleine DeBrosse
- Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael Brothers
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Steve Kim
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | | | | | - Saber Hussain
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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25
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Poussin C, van der Toorn M, Scheuner S, Piault R, Kondylis A, Savioz R, Dulize R, Peric D, Guedj E, Maranzano F, Merg C, Morelli M, Egesipe AL, Johne S, Majeed S, Pak C, Schneider T, Schlage WK, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Systems toxicology study reveals reduced impact of heated tobacco product aerosol extract relative to cigarette smoke on premature aging and exacerbation effects in aged aortic cells in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3341-3359. [PMID: 34313809 PMCID: PMC8448694 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging and smoking are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our in vitro study compared, in the context of aging, the effects of the aerosol of Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS; an electrically heated tobacco product) and 3R4F reference cigarette smoke (CS) on processes that contribute to vascular pathomechanisms leading to CVD. Young and old human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC) were exposed to various concentrations of aqueous extracts (AE) from 3R4F CS [0.014-0.22 puffs/mL] or THS aerosol [0.11-1.76 puffs/mL] for 24 h. Key markers were measured by high-content imaging, transcriptomics profiling and multianalyte profiling. In our study, in vitro aging increased senescence, DNA damage, and inflammation and decreased proliferation in the HAoSMCs. At higher concentrations of 3R4F AE, young HAoSMCs behaved similarly to aged cells, while old HAoSMCs showed additional DNA damage and apoptosis effects. At 3R4F AE concentrations with the maximum effect, the THS AE showed no significant effect in young or old HAoSMCs. It required an approximately ten-fold higher concentration of THS AE to induce effects similar to those observed with 3R4F. These effects were independent of nicotine, which did not show a significant effect on HAoSMCs at any tested concentration. Our results show that 3R4F AE accelerates aging in young HAoSMCs and exacerbates the aging effect in old HAoSMCs in vitro, consistent with CS-related contributions to the risk of CVD. Relative to 3R4F AE, the THS AE showed a significantly reduced impact on HAoSMCs, suggesting its lower risk for vascular SMC-associated pathomechanisms leading to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Poussin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Scheuner
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Romain Piault
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Savioz
- Consultants in Science Sàrl, Biopole, Route de la Corniche 4, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Rémi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Maranzano
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Moran Morelli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Egesipe
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Johne
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Claudius Pak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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26
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Iskandar AR, Kolli AR, Giralt A, Neau L, Fatarova M, Kondylis A, Torres LO, Majeed S, Merg C, Corciulo M, Trivedi K, Guedj E, Frentzel S, Calvino F, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Assessment of in vitro kinetics and biological impact of nebulized trehalose on human bronchial epithelium. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112577. [PMID: 34563633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is added in drug formulations to act as fillers or improve aerosolization performance. Its characteristics as a carrier molecule have been explored; however, the fate of trehalose in human airway tissues has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we investigated the fate of nebulized trehalose using in vitro human air-liquid bronchial epithelial cultures. First, a tracing experiment was conducted using 13C12-trehalose; we measured trehalose distribution in different culture compartments (apical surface liquid, epithelial culture, and basal side medium) at various time points following acute exposure to 13C12-labeled trehalose. We found that 13C12-trehalose was metabolized into 13C6-glucose. The data was then used to model the kinetics of trehalose disappearance from the apical surface of bronchial cultures. Secondly, we evaluated the potential adverse effects of nebulized trehalose on the bronchial cultures after they were acutely exposed to nebulized trehalose up to a level just below its solubility limit (50 g/100 g water). We assessed the ciliary beating frequency and histological characteristics. We found that nebulized trehalose did not lead to marked alteration in ciliary beating frequency and morphology of the epithelial cultures. The in vitro testing approach used here may enable the early selection of excipients for future development of inhalation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita R Iskandar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Aditya Reddy Kolli
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Neau
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Fatarova
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Ortega Torres
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Maica Corciulo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Calvino
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Alexandre Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Titz B, Sewer A, Luettich K, Wong ET, Guedj E, Nury C, Schneider T, Xiang Y, Trivedi K, Vuillaume G, Leroy P, Büttner A, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Vanscheeuwijck P, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. Respiratory Effects of Exposure to Aerosol From the Candidate Modified-Risk Tobacco Product THS 2.2 in an 18-Month Systems Toxicology Study With A/J Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 178:138-158. [PMID: 32780831 PMCID: PMC7657339 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking cessation is the most effective measure for reducing the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, switching to less harmful products (modified-risk tobacco products [MRTP]) can be an alternative to help reduce the risk for adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke. In an 18-month chronic carcinogenicity/toxicity study in A/J mice (OECD Test Guideline 453), we assessed the aerosol of Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS 2.2), a candidate MRTP based on the heat-not-burn principle, compared with 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS). To capture toxicity- and disease-relevant mechanisms, we complemented standard toxicology endpoints with in-depth systems toxicology analyses. In this part of our publication series, we report on integrative assessment of the apical and molecular exposure effects on the respiratory tract (nose, larynx, and lungs). Across the respiratory tract, we found changes in inflammatory response following 3R4F CS exposure (eg, antimicrobial peptide response in the nose), with both shared and distinct oxidative and xenobiotic responses. Compared with 3R4F CS, THS 2.2 aerosol exerted far fewer effects on respiratory tract histology, including adaptive tissue changes in nasal and laryngeal epithelium and inflammation and emphysematous changes in the lungs. Integrative analysis of molecular changes confirmed the substantially lower impact of THS 2.2 aerosol than 3R4F CS on toxicologically and disease-relevant molecular processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress responses, and xenobiotic metabolism. In summary, this work exemplifies how apical and molecular endpoints can be combined effectively for toxicology assessment and further supports findings on the reduced respiratory health risks of THS 2.2 aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Singapore 117406
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Battey JND, Szostak J, Phillips B, Teng C, Tung CK, Lim WT, Yeo YS, Ouadi S, Baumer K, Thomas J, Martinis J, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Impact of 6-Month Exposure to Aerosols From Potential Modified Risk Tobacco Products Relative to Cigarette Smoke on the Rodent Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:587745. [PMID: 34276574 PMCID: PMC8283309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.587745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes adverse health effects that might occur shortly after smoking initiation and lead to the development of inflammation and cardiorespiratory disease. Emerging studies have demonstrated the role of the intestinal microbiome in disease pathogenesis. The intestinal microbiome is susceptible to the influence of environmental factors such as smoking, and recent studies have indicated microbiome changes in smokers. Candidate modified risk tobacco products (CMRTP) are being developed to provide substitute products to lower smoking-related health risks in smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit. In this study, the ApoE–/– mouse model was used to investigate the impact of cigarette smoke (CS) from the reference cigarette 3R4F and aerosols from two CMRTPs based on the heat-not-burn principle [carbon-heated tobacco product 1.2 (CHTP 1.2) and tobacco heating system 2.2 (THS 2.2)] on the intestinal microbiome over a 6-month period. The effect of cessation or switching to CHTP 1.2 after 3 months of CS exposure was also assessed. Next-generation sequencing was used to evaluate the impact of CMRTP aerosols in comparison to CS on microbiome composition and gene expression in the digestive tract of mice. Our analyses highlighted significant gene dysregulation in response to 3R4F exposure at 4 and 6 months. The findings showed an increase in the abundance of Akkermansiaceae upon CS exposure, which was reversed upon cessation. Cessation resulted in a significant decrease in Akkemansiaceae abundance, whereas switching to CHTP 1.2 resulted in an increase in Lactobacillaceae abundance. These microbial changes could be important for understanding the effect of CS on gut function and its relevance to disease pathogenesis via the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles Teng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Keong Tung
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ting Lim
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Shan Yeo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Ouadi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karine Baumer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Thomas
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Martinis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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29
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Yepiskoposyan H, Talikka M, Belcastro V, Ivanov NV, Marescotti D, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Systems Approaches for Toxicological Assessment of Nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1201/9780429299742-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Foerster H, Battey JND, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Mueller LA. Metabolic networks of the Nicotiana genus in the spotlight: content, progress and outlook. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbaa136. [PMID: 32662816 PMCID: PMC8138835 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Manually curated metabolic databases residing at the Sol Genomics Network comprise two taxon-specific databases for the Solanaceae family, i.e. SolanaCyc and the genus Nicotiana, i.e. NicotianaCyc as well as six species-specific databases for Nicotiana tabacum TN90, N. tabacum K326, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. sylvestris, N. tomentosiformis and N. attenuata. New pathways were created through the extraction, examination and verification of related data from the literature and the aid of external database guided by an expert-led curation process. Here we describe the curation progress that has been achieved in these databases since the first release version 1.0 in 2016, the curation flow and the curation process using the example metabolic pathway for cholesterol in plants. The current content of our databases comprises 266 pathways and 36 superpathways in SolanaCyc and 143 pathways plus 21 superpathways in NicotianaCyc, manually curated and validated specifically for the Solanaceae family and Nicotiana genus, respectively. The curated data have been propagated to the respective Nicotiana-specific databases, which resulted in the enrichment and more accurate presentation of their metabolic networks. The quality and coverage in those databases have been compared with related external databases and discussed in terms of literature support and metabolic content.
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31
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Wong ET, Szostak J, Titz B, Lee T, Wong SK, Lavrynenko O, Merg C, Corciulo M, Simicevic J, Auberson M, Peric D, Dulize R, Bornand D, Loh GJ, Lee KM, Zhang J, Miller JH, Schlage WK, Guedj E, Schneider T, Phillips B, Leroy P, Choukrallah MA, Sierro N, Buettner A, Xiang Y, Kuczaj A, Ivanov NV, Luettich K, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A 6-month inhalation toxicology study in Apoe -/- mice demonstrates substantially lower effects of e-vapor aerosol compared with cigarette smoke in the respiratory tract. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1805-1829. [PMID: 33963423 PMCID: PMC8113187 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Considerable attention has been paid to the reduced harm potential of nicotine-containing inhalable products such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We investigated the effects of mainstream cigarette smoke (CS) and e-vapor aerosols (containing nicotine and flavor) generated by a capillary aerosol generator on emphysematous changes, lung function, and molecular alterations in the respiratory system of female Apoe-/- mice. Mice were exposed daily (3 h/day, 5 days/week) for 6 months to aerosols from three different e-vapor formulations-(1) carrier (propylene glycol and vegetable glycerol), (2) base (carrier and nicotine), or (3) test (base and flavor)-or to CS from 3R4F reference cigarettes. The CS and base/test aerosol concentrations were matched at 35 µg nicotine/L. CS exposure, but not e-vapor exposure, led to impairment of lung function (pressure-volume loop area, A and K parameters, quasi-static elastance and compliance) and caused marked lung inflammation and emphysematous changes, which were confirmed histopathologically and morphometrically. CS exposure caused lung transcriptome (activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses), lipidome, and proteome dysregulation and changes in DNA methylation; in contrast, these effects were substantially reduced in response to the e-vapor aerosol exposure. Compared with sham, aerosol exposure (carrier, base, and test) caused a slight impact on lung inflammation and epithelia irritation. Our results demonstrated that, in comparison with CS, e-vapor aerosols induced substantially lower biological and pathological changes in the respiratory tract associated with chronic inflammation and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Tsin Wong
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Lee
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | - Sin Kei Wong
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maica Corciulo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jovan Simicevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Auberson
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bornand
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Guo Jie Loh
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | | | - Jingjie Zhang
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - John H Miller
- Altria Client Services LLC, 601 East Jackson Street, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406, Singapore
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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32
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Kogel U, Wong ET, Szostak J, Tan WT, Lucci F, Leroy P, Titz B, Xiang Y, Low T, Wong SK, Guedj E, Ivanov NV, Schlage WK, Peitsch MC, Kuczaj A, Vanscheeuwijck P, Hoeng J. Impact of whole-body versus nose-only inhalation exposure systems on systemic, respiratory, and cardiovascular endpoints in a 2-month cigarette smoke exposure study in the ApoE -/- mouse model. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1598-1619. [PMID: 33825214 PMCID: PMC8519037 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one major modifiable risk factor in the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. To characterize and compare cigarette smoke (CS)-induced disease endpoints after exposure in either whole-body (WB) or nose-only (NO) exposure systems, we exposed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to filtered air (Sham) or to the same total particulate matter (TPM) concentration of mainstream smoke from 3R4F reference cigarettes in NO or WB exposure chambers (EC) for 2 months. At matching TPM concentrations, we observed similar concentrations of carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde, and acrolein, but higher concentrations of nicotine and formaldehyde in NOEC than in WBEC. In both exposure systems, CS exposure led to the expected adaptive changes in nasal epithelia, altered lung function, lung inflammation, and pronounced changes in the nasal epithelial transcriptome and lung proteome. Exposure in the NOEC caused generally more severe histopathological changes in the nasal epithelia and a higher stress response as indicated by body weight decrease and lower blood lymphocyte counts compared with WB exposed mice. Erythropoiesis, and increases in total plasma triglyceride levels and atherosclerotic plaque area were observed only in CS-exposed mice in the WBEC group but not in the NOEC group. Although the composition of CS in the breathing zone is not completely comparable in the two exposure systems, the CS-induced respiratory disease endpoints were largely confirmed in both systems, with a higher magnitude of severity after NO exposure. CS-accelerated atherosclerosis and other pro-atherosclerotic factors were only significant in WBEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kogel
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Justyna Szostak
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Teck Tan
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Francesco Lucci
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Low
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Sin Kei Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
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33
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Kumar A, Kogel U, Talikka M, Merg C, Guedj E, Xiang Y, Kondylis A, Titz B, Ivanov NV, Hoeng J, Peitsch M, Allen J, Gupta A, Skowronek A, Lee KM. A 7-month inhalation toxicology study in C57BL/6 mice demonstrates reduced pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes following smoking cessation or switching to e-vapor products. Toxicology Research and Application 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847321995875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases, including lung cancer, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. While cessation remains the most effective approach to minimize smoking-related disease, alternative non-combustible tobacco-derived nicotine-containing products may reduce disease risks among those unable or unwilling to quit. E-vapor aerosols typically contain significantly lower levels of smoke-related harmful and potentially harmful constituents; however, health risks of long-term inhalation exposures are unknown. We designed a 7-month inhalation study in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate long-term respiratory toxicity of e-vapor aerosols compared to cigarette smoke and to assess the impact of smoking cessation (Cessation group) or switching to an e-vapor product (Switching group) after 3 months of exposure to 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS). There were no significant changes in in-life observations (body weights, clinical signs) in e-vapor groups compared to the Sham Control. The 3R4F CS group showed reduced respiratory function during exposure and had lower body weight and showed transient signs of distress post-exposure. Following 7 months of exposure, e-vapor aerosols resulted in no or minimal increase in pulmonary inflammation, while exposure to 3R4F CS led to impairment of lung function and caused marked lung inflammation and emphysematous changes. Biological changes observed in the Switching group were similar to the Cessation group. 3R4F CS exposure dysregulated the lung and nasal tissue transcriptome, while these molecular effects were substantially lower in the e-vapor group. Results from this study demonstrate that in comparison with 3R4F CS, e-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses including pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes, and that complete switching from CS to e-vapor products significantly reduces biological changes associated with CS in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Kogel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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34
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Lo Sasso G, Khachatryan L, Kondylis A, Battey JND, Sierro N, Danilova NA, Grigoryeva TV, Markelova MI, Khusnutdinova DR, Laikov AV, Salafutdinov II, Romanova YD, Siniagina MN, Vasiliev IY, Boulygina EA, Solovyeva VV, Garanina EE, Kitaeva KV, Ivanov KY, Chulpanova DS, Kletenkov KS, Valeeva AR, Odintsova AK, Ardatskaya MD, Abdulkhakov RA, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Abdulkhakov SR. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Changes in the Gut: Focus on Kazan Patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:418-433. [PMID: 32766755 PMCID: PMC7885336 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have highlighted the role of host-microbiome interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), resulting in an increasing amount of data mainly focusing on Western patients. Because of the increasing prevalence of IBD in newly industrialized countries such as those in Asia, the Middle East, and South America, there is mounting interest in elucidating the gut microbiota of these populations. We present a comprehensive analysis of several IBD-related biomarkers and gut microbiota profiles and functions of a unique population of patients with IBD and healthy patients from Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia). METHODS Blood and fecal IBD biomarkers, serum cytokines, and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were profiled. Finally, fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S and whole-genome shotgun sequencing. RESULTS Fecal microbiota whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of classic IBD dysbiotic features at the phylum level, with increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria and decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. At the genus level, the abundance of both fermentative (SCFA-producing and hydrogen (H2)-releasing) and hydrogenotrophic (H2-consuming) microbes was affected in patients with IBD. This imbalance was confirmed by the decreased abundance of SCFA species in the feces of patients with IBD and the change in anaerobic index, which mirrors the redox status of the intestine. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses highlighted how IBD-related dysbiotic microbiota-which are generally mainly linked to SCFA imbalance-may affect other important metabolic pathways, such as H2 metabolism, that are critical for host physiology and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lusine Khachatryan
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - James N D Battey
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Natalia A Danilova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Grigoryeva
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Maria I Markelova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Dilyara R Khusnutdinova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Laikov
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Ilnur I Salafutdinov
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia D Romanova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Mariia N Siniagina
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Yu Vasiliev
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia A Boulygina
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina E Garanina
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Kristina V Kitaeva
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Y Ivanov
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Darja S Chulpanova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin S Kletenkov
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Alina R Valeeva
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Alfiya Kh Odintsova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Republican Clinical Hospital of Tatarstan Republic, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Maria D Ardatskaya
- Central State Medical Academy of Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam A Abdulkhakov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sayar R Abdulkhakov
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
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Giralt A, Iskandar AR, Martin F, Moschini E, Serchi T, Kondylis A, Marescotti D, Leroy P, Ortega-Torres L, Majeed S, Merg C, Trivedi K, Guedj E, Frentzel S, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Gutleb AC, Hoeng J. Comparison of the biological impact of aerosol of e-vapor device with MESH® technology and cigarette smoke on human bronchial and alveolar cultures. Toxicol Lett 2021; 337:98-110. [PMID: 33220401 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to aerosol from electronic vapor (e-vapor) products has been suggested to result in less risk of harm to smokers than cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Although many studies on e-vapor products have tested the effects of liquid formulations on cell cultures, few have evaluated the effects of aerosolized formulations. We examined the effects of acute exposure to the aerosol of an e-vapor device that uses the MESH® technology (IQOS® MESH, Philip Morris International) and to CS from the 3R4F reference cigarette on human organotypic bronchial epithelial culture and alveolar triculture models. In contrast to 3R4F CS exposure, exposure to the IQOS MESH aerosol (Classic Tobacco flavor) did not cause cytotoxicity in bronchial epithelial cultures or alveolar tricultures despite its greater concentrations of deposited nicotine (3- and 4-fold, respectively). CS exposure caused a marked decrease in the frequency and active area of ciliary beating in bronchial cultures, whereas IQOS MESH aerosol exposure did not. Global mRNA expression and secreted protein profiles revealed a significantly lower impact of IQOS MESH aerosol exposure than 3R4F CS exposure. Overall, our whole aerosol exposure study shows a clearly reduced impact of IQOS MESH aerosol relative to CS in bronchial and alveolar cultures, even at greater nicotine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Giralt
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita R Iskandar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg
| | - Tomasso Serchi
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Marescotti
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ortega-Torres
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Lavrynenko O, Titz B, Dijon S, Santos DD, Nury C, Schneider T, Guedj E, Szostak J, Kondylis A, Phillips B, Ekroos K, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Ivanov NV. Ceramide ratios are affected by cigarette smoke but not heat-not-burn or e-vapor aerosols across four independent mouse studies. Life Sci 2020; 263:118753. [PMID: 33189821 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Smoking is an important risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to further elucidate the role of ceramides, as a key lipid class dysregulated in disease states. MAIN METHODS In this article we developed and validated LC-MS/MS method for ceramides (Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) for the absolute quantification. We deployed it together with proteomics and transcriptomic analysis to assess the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) from the reference cigarette as well as aerosols from heat-not-burn (HnB) tobacco and e-vapor products in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice over several time points. KEY FINDINGS In the lungs, CS exposure substantially elevated the ratios of Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) to Cer(d18:1/18:0) in two independent ApoE-/- mouse inhalation studies. Data from previous studies, in both ApoE-/- and wild-type mice, further confirmed the reproducibility of this finding. Elevation of these ceramide ratios was also observed in plasma/serum, the liver, and-for the Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) to Cer(d18:1/18:0) ratio-the abdominal aorta. Also, the levels of acid ceramidase (Asah1) and glucocerebrosidase (Gba)-lysosomal enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of glucosylceramides-were consistently elevated in the lungs after CS exposure. In contrast, exposure to HnB tobacco product and e-vapor aerosols did not induce significant changes in the ceramide profiles or associated enzymes. SIGNIFICANCE Our work in mice contributes to the accumulating evidence on the importance of ceramide ratios as biologically relevant markers for respiratory disorders, adding to their already demonstrated role in cardiovascular disease risk assessment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dijon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Dos Santos
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, 117406, Singapore
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., Irisviksvägen 31D, 02230 Esbo, Finland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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van der Plas A, Pouly S, Blanc N, Haziza C, de La Bourdonnaye G, Titz B, Hoeng J, Ivanov NV, Taranu B, Heremans A. Impact of switching to a heat-not-burn tobacco product on CYP1A2 activity. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1480-1486. [PMID: 33204648 PMCID: PMC7649435 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking induces cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) expression and activity, while smoking cessation normalizes the levels of this enzyme. The aim of this publication is to summarize the data on CYP1A2 gene expression and activity in preclinical and clinical studies on the Tobacco Heating System (THS), currently marketed as IQOS® with HEETs®, and to summarize the potential effects on CYP1A2 to be expected upon switching to reduced-risk products (RRPs). Methods We summarized PMI’s preclinical and clinical data on the effects of switching from cigarette smoking to THS. Results Data from four preclinical mouse and rat studies showed that, upon either cessation of cigarette smoke exposure or switching to THS exposure, the upregulation of CYP1A2 observed with exposure to cigarette smoke reverted close to fresh-air levels. Data from four clinical studies yielded similar results on CYP1A2 activity within a time frame of five days. Furthermore, the effects of switching to THS were similar to those seen after smoking cessation. Conclusions Because smoking cessation and switching to either electronic cigarettes or THS seem to have similar effects on CYP1A2 activity, the same measures taken for patients treated with narrow therapeutic index drugs that are metabolized by CYP1A2 and who quit smoking should be recommended for those switching to RRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela van der Plas
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Pouly
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Blanc
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Haziza
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bjorn Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brindusa Taranu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Annie Heremans
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Schlage WK, Titz B, Iskandar A, Poussin C, Van der Toorn M, Wong ET, Pratte P, Maeder S, Schaller JP, Pospisil P, Boue S, Vuillaume G, Leroy P, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Comparing the preclinical risk profile of inhalable candidate and potential candidate modified risk tobacco products: A bridging use case. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1187-1206. [PMID: 32995294 PMCID: PMC7502378 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heated tobacco products tested for reduced exposure and reduced risk properties. Bridging opportunities for nonclinical results from two heated tobacco products. Similarly reduced impact on apical and molecular endpoints relative to cigarettes. Evidence evaluated along a “causal chain of events leading to disease” (CELSD). Representative assays along CELSD could support nonclinical substantial equivalence.
Cigarette smoking causes major preventable diseases, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. Smoking cessation and prevention of smoking initiation are the preferred means for reducing these risks. Less harmful tobacco products, termed modified-risk tobacco products (MRTP), are being developed as a potential alternative for current adult smokers who would otherwise continue smoking. According to a regulatory framework issued by the US Food and Drug Administration, a manufacturer must provide comprehensive scientific evidence that the product significantly reduces harm and the risk of tobacco-related diseases, in order to obtain marketing authorization for a new MRTP. For new tobacco products similar to an already approved predicate product, the FDA has foreseen a simplified procedure for assessing “substantial equivalence”. In this article, we present a use case that bridges the nonclinical evidence from previous studies demonstrating the relatively reduced harm potential of two heat-not-burn products based on different tobacco heating principles. The nonclinical evidence was collected along a “causal chain of events leading to disease” (CELSD) to systematically follow the consequences of reduced exposure to toxicants (relative to cigarette smoke) through increasing levels of biological complexity up to disease manifestation in animal models of human disease. This approach leverages the principles of systems biology and toxicology as a basis for further extrapolation to human studies. The experimental results demonstrate a similarly reduced impact of both products on apical and molecular endpoints, no novel effects not seen with cigarette smoke exposure, and an effect of switching from cigarettes to either MRTP that is comparable to that of complete smoking cessation. Ideally, a subset of representative assays from the presented sequence along the CELSD could be sufficient for predicting similarity or substantial equivalence in the nonclinical impact of novel products; this would require further validation, for which the present use case could serve as a starting point.
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Key Words
- BIF, biological impact factor
- CELSD, causal chain of events leading to disease
- CHTP, carbon heated tobacco product
- CS, cigarette smoke
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- GVP, gas/vapor phase
- HPHC, harmful and potentially harmful constituents
- MRTP, modified risk tobacco product
- Modified risk tobacco product (MRTP)
- NPA, network perturbation amplitude
- PMI, Philip Morris International
- RBIF, relative BIF
- Substantial equivalence
- Systems toxicology
- THS, Tobacco Heating System
- TPM, total particulate matter
- Tobacco harm reduction
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Iskandar
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carine Poussin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Pascal Pratte
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Maeder
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Schaller
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Pospisil
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Boue
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Vuillaume
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Sewer A, Zanetti F, Iskandar AR, Guedj E, Dulize R, Peric D, Bornand D, Mathis C, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A meta-analysis of microRNAs expressed in human aerodigestive epithelial cultures and their role as potential biomarkers of exposure response to nicotine-containing products. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1282-1295. [PMID: 33014713 PMCID: PMC7522043 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of some microRNAs (miRNA) is modulated in response to cigarette smoke (CS), which is a leading cause of major preventable diseases. However, whether miRNA expression is also modulated by the aerosol/extract from potentially reduced-risk products is not well studied. The present work is a meta-analysis of 12 in vitro studies in human organotypic epithelial cultures of the aerodigestive tract (buccal, gingival, bronchial, nasal, and small airway epithelia). These studies compared the effects of exposure to aerosols from electronic vapor (e-vapor) products and heated tobacco products, and to extracts from Swedish snus products (in the present work, will be referred to as reduced-risk products [RRPs]) on miRNA expression with the effects of exposure to CS or its total particulate matter fraction. This meta-analysis evaluated 12 datasets of a total of 736 detected miRNAs and 2775 exposed culture inserts. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding method was used to find similarities across the diversity of miRNA responses characterized by tissue type, exposure type, and product concentration. The CS-induced changes in miRNA expression in gingival cultures were close to those in buccal cultures; similarly, the alterations in miRNA expression in small airway, bronchial, and nasal tissues resembled each other. A supervised clustering was performed to identify miRNAs exhibiting particular response patterns. The analysis identified a set of miRNAs whose expression was altered in specific tissues upon exposure to CS (e.g., miR-125b-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-99a-5p, and 146a-5p). Finally, we investigated the impact of RRPs on miRNA expression in relation to that of CS by calculating the response ratio r between the RRP- and CS-induced alterations at an individual miRNA level, showing reduced alterations in miRNA expression following RRP exposure relative to CS exposure (94 % relative reduction). No specific miRNA response pattern indicating exposure to aerosols from heated tobacco products and e-vapor products, or extracts from Swedish snus was identifiable.
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Key Words
- 2D, two-dimensional
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALI, air-liquid interface
- CHTP 1.2, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product 1.2
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CRP, CORESTA Reference Product
- CS, cigarette smoke and its TPM fraction
- FDA, Food & Drug Administration
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GCW, General Classic White
- HCI, Health Canada intense
- HTP, heated tobacco product
- Heated tobacco product
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- MMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase 1
- N/A, not applicable
- Organotypic aerodigestive culture
- RRP, reduced-risk product
- Systems toxicology
- THS 2.2, Tobacco Heating System 2.2
- TPM, total particulate matter
- Tobacco Heating System 2.2
- e-vapor
- e-vapor, electronic vapor
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miRNA
- miRNA, microRNA
- t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita R Iskandar
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bornand
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Kaminski KP, Bovet L, Laparra H, Lang G, De Palo D, Sierro N, Goepfert S, Ivanov NV. Alkaloid chemophenetics and transcriptomics of the Nicotiana genus. Phytochemistry 2020; 177:112424. [PMID: 32526514 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the pyridine alkaloid content (nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, anatabine, cotinine, and myosmine) of 58 species and 2 subspecies of the Nicotiana genus by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We observed clear correlation between Noctiflorae and Suaveolentes sections and their above average accumulation of anabasine in the genus. In addition, the results demonstrated the presence of not only trace amounts but quantifiable levels of myosmine, an alkaloid previously detected in only minute quantities, in the leaves and roots of 16 species. In this study, analysis of gene expression of 58 species and 2 subspecies from the Nicotiana genus by mRNA sequencing was performed for the first time. Sequencing reads were mapped against annotated genes of a Nicotiana tabacum reference genome and expression values were subsequently calculated. Hierarchical clustering of alkaloid biosynthesis pathway genes and alkaloid content composition revealed patterns clearly segregating Nicotiana sections. Correlation of gene expression with alkaloid accumulation phenotypes was evident, including low putrescine methyltransferase expression for all species in the Suaveolentes section or clear correlation of nicotine demethylase with conversion rates of nicotine to nornicotine in the majority of species. Multiple additional correlations between alkaloid accumulation and gene expression values were identified, which makes this study an important fundament toward future scientific exploration of the Nicotiana genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Piotr Kaminski
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Lucien Bovet
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Laparra
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Lang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Palo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Goepfert
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Haiduc A, Zanetti F, Zhao X, Schlage WK, Scherer M, Pluym N, Schlenger P, Ivanov NV, Majeed S, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Ren Y, Guy PA. Analysis of chemical deposits on tooth enamel exposed to total particulate matter from cigarette smoke and tobacco heating system 2.2 aerosol by novel GC-MS deconvolution procedures. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122228. [PMID: 32585495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking contributes to tooth discoloration. Pigmented compounds in the smoke generated by combustion of tobacco can cause discoloration of dental hard tissues. However, aerosols from heated tobacco products cause less discoloration than cigarette smoke (CS) in vitro. The objective of the present study was to optimize a method for extracting the colored chemical compounds deposited on tooth enamel following exposure to total particulate matter (TPM) from CS or a heated tobacco product (Tobacco Heating System [THS] 2.2), analyze the extracts by gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and identify the key chemicals associated with tooth discoloration. Sixty bovine enamel blocks were exposed for 2 weeks to TPM from CS or THS 2.2 aerosol or to artificial saliva as a control. Brushing without toothpaste and color measurements were performed each week. Noticeable discoloration of enamel was observed following exposure to CS TPM. The discoloration following exposure to THS 2.2 aerosol TPM or artificial saliva was not distinguishable to the eye (ΔE < 3.3). Carbon disulfide was used to extract surface-deposited chemicals. Untargeted analyses were followed by partial least squares correlation against discoloration scores (R2 = 0.96). Eleven compounds had variable importance in projection scores greater than 2. Discriminant autocorrelation matrix calculation of their mass spectral information identified eight of the eleven compounds as terpenoids. None of the compounds were related to nicotine. Several of these compounds were also detected in THS 2.2 aerosol TPM-exposed enamel, but at lower levels, in line with our findings showing less discoloration. Compared with CS TPM exposure, THS 2.2 aerosol TPM exposure resulted in lower deposition of color-related compounds on enamel surface, consistent with minimal discoloration of dental enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Haiduc
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA; Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Max Scherer
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstrasse 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Nikola Pluym
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstrasse 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlenger
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstrasse 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yanfang Ren
- University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Philippe A Guy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Ruiz Castro PA, Kogel U, Lo Sasso G, Phillips BW, Sewer A, Titz B, Garcia L, Kondylis A, Guedj E, Peric D, Bornand D, Dulize R, Merg C, Corciulo M, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Anatabine ameliorates intestinal inflammation and reduces the production of pro-inflammatory factors in a dextran sulfate sodium mouse model of colitis. J Inflamm (Lond) 2020; 17:29. [PMID: 32855621 PMCID: PMC7446176 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the collective term for chronic immune-mediated diseases of unknown, multifactorial etiology, arising from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors and including two main disease manifestations: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease. In the last few decades, naturally occurring alkaloids have gained interest because of their substantial anti-inflammatory effects in several animal models of disease. Studies on mouse models of IBD have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory action of the main tobacco alkaloid, nicotine. In addition, anatabine, a minor tobacco alkaloid also present in peppers, tomato, and eggplant presents anti-inflammatory properties in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of nicotine and anatabine in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of UC. Results Oral administration of anatabine, but not nicotine, reduced the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis. The result of gene expression analysis suggested that anatabine had a restorative effect on global DSS-induced gene expression profiles, while nicotine only had limited effects. Accordingly, MAP findings revealed that anatabine reduced the colonic abundance of DSS-associated cytokines and increased IL-10 abundance. Conclusions Our results support the amelioration of inflammatory effects by anatabine in the DSS mouse model of UC, and suggest that anatabine constitutes a promising therapeutic agent for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Ruiz Castro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kogel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine W Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte Ltd, 50 Science Park Road, The Kendall #02-07, Science Park II, Singapore, 117406 Singapore
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjorn Titz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Llenalia Garcia
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bornand
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maica Corciulo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Belcastro V, Cano S, Marescotti D, Acali S, Poussin C, Gonzalez-Suarez I, Martin F, Bonjour F, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. GladiaTOX: GLobal Assessment of Dose-IndicAtor in TOXicology. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:4190-4192. [PMID: 30873538 PMCID: PMC6792086 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary GladiaTOX R package is an open-source, flexible solution to high-content screening data processing and reporting in biomedical research. GladiaTOX takes advantage of the ‘tcpl’ core functionalities and provides a number of extensions: it provides a web-service solution to fetch raw data; it computes severity scores and exports ToxPi formatted files; furthermore it contains a suite of functionalities to generate PDF reports for quality control and data processing. Availability and implementation GladiaTOX R package (bioconductor). Also available via: git clone https://github.com/philipmorrisintl/GladiaTOX.git. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephane Cano
- Philip Morris Products S.A, PMI R&D, Neuchâtel CH, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefano Acali
- Philip Morris Products S.A, PMI R&D, Neuchâtel CH, Switzerland
| | - Carine Poussin
- Philip Morris Products S.A, PMI R&D, Neuchâtel CH, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris Products S.A, PMI R&D, Neuchâtel CH, Switzerland
| | - Filipe Bonjour
- Philip Morris Products S.A, PMI R&D, Neuchâtel CH, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris Products S.A, PMI R&D, Neuchâtel CH, Switzerland
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Isaev A, Drobiazko A, Sierro N, Gordeeva J, Yosef I, Qimron U, Ivanov NV, Severinov K. Phage T7 DNA mimic protein Ocr is a potent inhibitor of BREX defence. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7601-7602. [PMID: 32515786 PMCID: PMC7367171 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Isaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
| | - Alena Drobiazko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Julia Gordeeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
| | - Ido Yosef
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Udi Qimron
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia.,Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
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45
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Isaev A, Drobiazko A, Sierro N, Gordeeva J, Yosef I, Qimron U, Ivanov NV, Severinov K. Phage T7 DNA mimic protein Ocr is a potent inhibitor of BREX defence. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:5397-5406. [PMID: 32338761 PMCID: PMC7261183 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BREX (for BacteRiophage EXclusion) is a superfamily of common bacterial and archaeal defence systems active against diverse bacteriophages. While the mechanism of BREX defence is currently unknown, self versus non-self differentiation requires methylation of specific asymmetric sites in host DNA by BrxX (PglX) methyltransferase. Here, we report that T7 bacteriophage Ocr, a DNA mimic protein that protects the phage from the defensive action of type I restriction-modification systems, is also active against BREX. In contrast to the wild-type phage, which is resistant to BREX defence, T7 lacking Ocr is strongly inhibited by BREX, and its ability to overcome the defence could be complemented by Ocr provided in trans. We further show that Ocr physically associates with BrxX methyltransferase. Although BREX+ cells overproducing Ocr have partially methylated BREX sites, their viability is unaffected. The result suggests that, similar to its action against type I R-M systems, Ocr associates with as yet unidentified BREX system complexes containing BrxX and neutralizes their ability to both methylate and exclude incoming phage DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Isaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
| | - Alena Drobiazko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Julia Gordeeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
| | - Ido Yosef
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Udi Qimron
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
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46
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Ho J, Sciuscio D, Kogel U, Titz B, Leroy P, Vuillaume G, Talikka M, Martin E, Pospisil P, Lebrun S, Xia W, Lee T, Chng YX, Phillips BW, Veljkovic E, Guedj E, Xiang Y, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Vanscheeuwijck P. Evaluation of toxicity of aerosols from flavored e-liquids in Sprague-Dawley rats in a 90-day OECD inhalation study, complemented by transcriptomics analysis. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2179-2206. [PMID: 32367274 PMCID: PMC7303093 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of flavoring substances is an important element in the development of reduced-risk products for adult smokers to increase product acceptance and encourage switching from cigarettes. In a first step towards characterizing the sub-chronic inhalation toxicity of neat flavoring substances, a study was conducted using a mixture of the substances in a base solution of e-liquid, where the standard toxicological endpoints of the nebulized aerosols were supplemented with transcriptomics analysis. The flavor mixture was produced by grouping 178 flavors into 26 distinct chemical groups based on structural similarities and potential metabolic and biological effects. Flavoring substances predicted to show the highest toxicological effect from each group were selected as the flavor group representatives (FGR). Following Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Testing Guideline 413, rats were exposed to three concentrations of the FGR mixture in an e-liquid composed of nicotine (23 µg/L), propylene glycol (1520 µg/L), and vegetable glycerin (1890 µg/L), while non-flavored and no-nicotine mixtures were included as references to identify potential additive or synergistic effects between nicotine and the flavoring substances. The results indicated that the inhalation of an e-liquid containing the mixture of FGRs caused very minimal local and systemic toxic effects. In particular, there were no remarkable clinical (in-life) observations in flavored e-liquid-exposed rats. The biological effects related to exposure to the mixture of neat FGRs were limited and mainly nicotine-mediated, including changes in hematological and blood chemistry parameters and organ weight. These results indicate no significant additive biological changes following inhalation exposure to the nebulized FGR mixture above the nicotine effects measured in this sub-chronic inhalation study. In a subsequent study, e-liquids with FGR mixtures will be aerosolized by thermal treatment and assessed for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ho
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Davide Sciuscio
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kogel
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Vuillaume
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Elyette Martin
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Pospisil
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wenhao Xia
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tom Lee
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Xuan Chng
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Blaine W Phillips
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Titz B, Szostak J, Sewer A, Phillips B, Nury C, Schneider T, Dijon S, Lavrynenko O, Elamin A, Guedj E, Tsin Wong E, Lebrun S, Vuillaume G, Kondylis A, Gubian S, Cano S, Leroy P, Keppler B, Ivanov NV, Vanscheeuwijck P, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Multi-omics systems toxicology study of mouse lung assessing the effects of aerosols from two heat-not-burn tobacco products and cigarette smoke. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1056-1073. [PMID: 32419906 PMCID: PMC7218232 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics systems toxicology study, comprising five omics data modalities. Multi-Omics Factor Analysis and multi-modality functional network interpretation. Cigarettes smoke (CS) induced complex immunoregulatory interactions across molecular layers. Aerosols from two heat-not-burn tobacco products had less impact on lungs than CS.
Cigarette smoke (CS) causes adverse health effects and, for smoker who do not quit, modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) can be an alternative to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Standard toxicological endpoints can lack sensitivity, with systems toxicology approaches yielding broader insights into toxicological mechanisms. In a 6-month systems toxicology study on ApoE−/− mice, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis to assess the effects of aerosols from the Carbon Heated Tobacco Product (CHTP) 1.2 and Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2—a potential and a candidate MRTP based on the heat-not-burn (HnB) principle—compared with CS at matched nicotine concentrations. Molecular exposure effects in the lungs were measured by mRNA/microRNA transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. Integrative data analysis included Multi-Omics Factor Analysis and multi-modality functional network interpretation. Across all five data modalities, CS exposure was associated with an increased inflammatory and oxidative stress response, and lipid/surfactant alterations. Upon HnB aerosol exposure these effects were much more limited or absent, with reversal of CS-induced effects upon cessation and switching to CHTP 1.2. Functional network analysis revealed CS-induced complex immunoregulatory interactions across the investigated molecular layers (e.g., itaconate, quinolinate, and miR-146) and highlighted the engagement of the heme–Hmox–bilirubin oxidative stress axis by CS. This work exemplifies how multi-omics approaches can be leveraged within systems toxicology studies and the generated multi-omics data set can facilitate the development of analysis methods and can yield further insights into the effects of toxicological exposures on the lung of mice.
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Key Words
- CHTP, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CS, cigarette smoke
- Cigarette smoking
- Inhalation toxicology
- LC, liquid chromatography
- MOFA, Multi-Omics Factor Analysis
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Modified risk tobacco product (MRTP)
- Multi-omics
- PCSF, prize-collecting Steiner forest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Systems toxicology
- THS, Tobacco Heating System
- cMRTP, candidate modified risk tobacco product
- sGCCA, sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dijon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Vuillaume
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Gubian
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cano
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Ekroos K, Lavrynenko O, Titz B, Pater C, Hoeng J, Ivanov NV. Lipid-based biomarkers for CVD, COPD, and aging - A translational perspective. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101030. [PMID: 32339553 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For many diseases, there is an unmet need for new or better biomarkers for improved disease risk assessment and monitoring, as available markers lack sufficient specificity. Lipids are drawing major interest as potential candidates for filling these gaps. This has recently been demonstrated by the identification of selective ceramides for prediction of cardiovascular mortality, enabling improved risk assessment of cardiovascular disease compared with conventional clinical markers. In this review, we discuss current lipid biomarker findings and the possible connection between cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and aging. Moreover, we discuss how to overcome the current roadblocks facing lipid biomarker research. We stress the need for improved quantification, standardization of methodologies, and establishment of initial reference values to allow for an efficient transfer path of research findings into the clinical landscape, and, ultimately, to put newly identified biomarkers into practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., Irisviksvägen 31D, 02230 Esbo, Finland.
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Calin Pater
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Potuschak T, Palatnik J, Schommer C, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Kwon Y, Genschik P, Davière J, Otten L. Inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana CIN-like TCP transcription factors by Agrobacterium T-DNA-encoded 6B proteins. Plant J 2020; 101:1303-1317. [PMID: 31659801 PMCID: PMC7187390 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium T-DNA-encoded 6B proteins cause remarkable growth effects in plants. Nicotiana otophora carries two cellular T-DNAs with three slightly divergent 6b genes (TE-1-6b-L, TE-1-6b-R and TE-2-6b) originating from a natural transformation event. In Arabidopsis thaliana, expression of 2×35S:TE-2-6b, but not 2×35S:TE-1-6b-L or 2×35S:TE-1-6b-R, led to plants with crinkly leaves, which strongly resembled mutants of the miR319a/TCP module. This module is composed of MIR319A and five CIN-like TCP (TEOSINTHE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR) genes (TCP2, TCP3, TCP4, TCP10 and TCP24) targeted by miR319a. The CIN-like TCP genes encode transcription factors and are required for cell division arrest at leaf margins during development. MIR319A overexpression causes excessive growth and crinkly leaves. TE-2-6b plants did not show increased miR319a levels, but the mRNA levels of the TCP4 target gene LOX2 were decreased, as in jaw-D plants. Co-expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged TCPs with native or red fluorescent protein (RFP)-tagged TE-6B proteins led to an increase in TCP protein levels and formation of numerous cytoplasmic dots containing 6B and TCP proteins. Yeast double-hybrid experiments confirmed 6B/TCP binding and showed that TE-1-6B-L and TE-1-6B-R bind a smaller set of TCP proteins than TE-2-6B. A single nucleotide mutation in TE-1-6B-R enlarged its TCP-binding repertoire to that of TE-2-6B and caused a crinkly phenotype in Arabidopsis. Deletion analysis showed that TE-2-6B targets the TCP4 DNA-binding domain and directly interferes with transcriptional activation. Taken together, these results provide detailed insights into the mechanism of action of the N. otophora TE-encoded 6b genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Potuschak
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP)Rue du Général Zimmer 1267084StrasbourgFrance
| | - Javier Palatnik
- IBR‐CONICETPredio CCTOcampo y Esmeralda s/n2000RosarioArgentina
| | - Carla Schommer
- IBR‐CONICETPredio CCTOcampo y Esmeralda s/n2000RosarioArgentina
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&DPhilip Morris Products S. A.Quai Jeanrenaud 52000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- PMI R&DPhilip Morris Products S. A.Quai Jeanrenaud 52000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Yerim Kwon
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP)Rue du Général Zimmer 1267084StrasbourgFrance
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP)Rue du Général Zimmer 1267084StrasbourgFrance
| | - Jean‐Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP)Rue du Général Zimmer 1267084StrasbourgFrance
| | - Léon Otten
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP)Rue du Général Zimmer 1267084StrasbourgFrance
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50
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Szostak J, Wong ET, Titz B, Lee T, Wong SK, Low T, Lee KM, Zhang J, Kumar A, Schlage WK, Guedj E, Phillips B, Leroy P, Buettner A, Xiang Y, Martin F, Sewer A, Kuczaj A, Ivanov NV, Luettich K, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A 6-month systems toxicology inhalation study in ApoE -/- mice demonstrates reduced cardiovascular effects of E-vapor aerosols compared with cigarette smoke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H604-H631. [PMID: 31975625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00613.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to the cardiovascular system. Considerable attention has been paid to the reduced harm potential of alternative nicotine-containing inhalable products such as e-cigarettes. We investigated the effects of E-vapor aerosols or cigarette smoke (CS) on atherosclerosis progression, cardiovascular function, and molecular changes in the heart and aorta of female apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. The mice were exposed to aerosols from three different E-vapor formulations: 1) carrier (propylene glycol and vegetable glycerol), 2) base (carrier and nicotine), or 3) test (base and flavor) or to CS from 3R4F reference cigarettes for up to 6 mo. Concentrations of CS and base or test aerosols were matched at 35 µg nicotine/L. Exposure to CS, compared with sham-exposed fresh air controls, accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation, whereas no such effect was seen for any of the three E-vapor aerosols. Molecular changes indicated disease mechanisms related to oxidative stress and inflammation in general, plus changes in calcium regulation, and altered cytoskeletal organization and microtubule dynamics in the left ventricle. While ejection fraction, fractional shortening, cardiac output, and isovolumic contraction time remained unchanged following E-vapor aerosols exposure, the nicotine-containing base and test aerosols caused an increase in isovolumic relaxation time similar to CS. A nicotine-related increase in pulse wave velocity and arterial stiffness was also observed, but it was significantly lower for base and test aerosols than for CS. These results demonstrate that in comparison with CS, E-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses associated with smoking-related cardiovascular diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Analysis of key urinary oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines showed an absence of oxidative stress and inflammation in the animals exposed to E-vapor aerosols. Conversely, animals exposed to conventional cigarette smoke had high urinary levels of these markers. When compared with conventional cigarette smoke, E-vapor aerosols induced smaller atherosclerotic plaque surface area and volume. Systolic and diastolic cardiac function, as well as endothelial function, were further significantly less affected by electronic cigarette aerosols than conventional cigarette smoke. Molecular analysis demonstrated that E-vapor aerosols induce significantly smaller transcriptomic dysregulation in the heart and aorta compared with conventional cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szostak
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Bjoern Titz
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Lee
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Sin Kei Wong
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Low
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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