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Starlinger P, Brunnthaler L, McCabe C, Pereyra D, Santol J, Steadman J, Hackl M, Skalicky S, Hackl H, Gronauer R, O’Brien D, Kain R, Hirsova P, Gores GJ, Wang C, Gruenberger T, Smoot RL, Assinger A. Transcriptomic landscapes of effective and failed liver regeneration in humans. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100683. [PMID: 36950091 PMCID: PMC10025111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Although extensive experimental evidence on the process of liver regeneration exists, in humans, validation is largely missing. However, liver regeneration is critically affected by underlying liver disease. Within this project, we aimed to systematically assess early transcriptional changes during liver regeneration in humans and further assess how these processes differ in people with dysfunctional liver regeneration. Methods Blood samples of 154 patients and intraoperative tissue samples of 46 patients undergoing liver resection were collected and classified with regard to dysfunctional postoperative liver regeneration. Of those, a matched cohort of 21 patients were used for RNA sequencing. Samples were assessed for circulating cytokines, gene expression dynamics, intrahepatic neutrophil accumulation, and spatial transcriptomics. Results Individuals with dysfunctional liver regeneration demonstrated an aggravated transcriptional inflammatory response with higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1 induction. Increased induction of this critical leukocyte adhesion molecule was associated with increased intrahepatic neutrophil accumulation and activation upon induction of liver regeneration in individuals with dysfunctional liver regeneration. Comparing baseline gene expression profiles in individuals with and without dysfunctional liver regeneration, we found that dual-specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) expression, a known critical regulator of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells, was markedly reduced in patients with dysfunctional liver regeneration. Mimicking clinical risk factors for dysfunctional liver regeneration, we found liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of two liver disease models to have significantly reduced baseline levels of DUSP4. Conclusions Exploring the landscape of early transcriptional changes of human liver regeneration, we observed that people with dysfunctional regeneration experience overwhelming intrahepatic inflammation. Subclinical liver disease might account for DUSP4 reduction in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which ultimately primes the liver for an aggravated inflammatory response. Impact and implications Using a unique human biorepository, focused on liver regeneration (LR), we explored the landscape of circulating and tissue-level alterations associated with both functional and dysfunctional LR. In contrast to experimental animal models, people with dysfunctional LR demonstrated an aggravated transcriptional inflammatory response, higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) induction, intrahepatic neutrophil accumulation and activation upon induction of LR. Although inflammatory responses appear rapidly after liver resection, people with dysfunctional LR have exaggerated inflammatory responses that appear to be related to decreased levels of LSEC DUSP4, challenging existing concepts of post-resectional LR.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CASH, chemotherapy associated steatohepatitis
- DLR, dysfunctional LR
- DUSP-4
- DUSP4, dual-specificity phosphatase 4
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FLR, functional LR
- FPKM, fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads
- Human
- ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1
- IPA, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
- IVCL, inferior vena cava ligation
- Inflammation
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LR, liver regeneration
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- Liver regeneration
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Neutrophils
- PCA, principal component analysis
- POD1, 1 day after liver resection
- POD5, 5 days after liver resection
- STRING, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins
- TMM, trimmed mean of M values
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- logCPM, log counts per million
- pTPM, protein-coding transcripts per million
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding authors. Addresses: Department of HPB Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester 55905, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43-1-40400-5621.
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chantal McCabe
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Pereyra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Santol
- Department of Surgery, HPB Center, Viennese Health Network, Clinic Favoriten and Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jessica Steadman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphael Gronauer
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel O’Brien
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Renate Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Gruenberger
- Department of Surgery, HPB Center, Viennese Health Network, Clinic Favoriten and Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rory L. Smoot
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, 55905 Rochester, MN, USA. Tel.: +1-507-284-1529; fax: +1-507-284-5196.
| | - Alice Assinger
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43-1-40160-31405.
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Wan X, Eguchi A, Sakamoto A, Fujita Y, Yang Y, Qu Y, Hatano M, Mori C, Hashimoto K. Impact of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the gut-microbiota-spleen-brain axis. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 27:100573. [PMID: 36583066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen is a key immune-related organ that plays a role in communication between the brain and the immune system through the brain-spleen axis and brain-gut-microbiota axis. However, how the gut microbiota affects spleen and brain function remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether microbiome depletion induced by administration of an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) affects spleen and brain function. Treatment with ABX for 14 days resulted in a significant decrease in spleen weight and significant alterations in splenic functions, including the percentage of neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages, and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, ABX treatment resulted in the depletion of a large portion of the gut microbiota. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that ABX treatment caused alterations in the levels of certain compounds in the plasma, spleen, and brain. Moreover, ABX treatment decreased the expression of microglia marker Iba1 in the cerebral cortex. Interestingly, correlations were found between the abundance of different microbiome components and metabolites in various tissues, as well as splenic cell populations and spleen weight. These findings suggest that ABX-induced microbiome depletion and altered metabolite levels may affect spleen and brain function through the gut-microbiota-spleen-brain axis.
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Albogami S. Comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles to identify differential prognostic factors of primary and metastatic breast cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103318. [PMID: 35677896 PMCID: PMC9168623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for nearly half of all cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumour development and progression remain poorly understood and there is a need to identify candidate genes associated with primary and metastatic breast cancer progression and prognosis. In this study, candidate genes associated with prognosis of primary and metastatic breast cancer were explored through a novel bioinformatics approach. Primary and metastatic breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal breast tissues were evaluated to identify biomarkers characteristic of primary and metastatic breast cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas-breast invasive carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) dataset (ID: HS-01619) was downloaded using the mRNASeq platform. Genevestigator 8.3.2 was used to analyse TCGA-BRCA gene expression profiles between the sample groups and identify the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in each group. For each group, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were used to determine the function of DEGs. Networks of protein-protein interactions were constructed to identify the top hub genes with the highest degree of interaction. Additionally, the top hub genes were validated based on overall survival and immunohistochemistry using The Human Protein Atlas. Of the top 20 hub genes identified, four (KRT14, KIT, RAD51, and TTK) were considered as prognostic risk factors based on overall survival. KRT14 and KIT expression levels were upregulated while those of RAD51 and TTK were downregulated in patients with breast cancer. The four proposed candidate hub genes might aid in further understanding the molecular changes that distinguish primary breast tumours from metastatic tumours as well as help in developing novel therapeutics. Furthermore, they may serve as effective prognostic risk markers based on the strong correlation between their expression and patient overall survival.
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Key Words
- BC, breast cancer
- BP, biological process
- Breast cancer
- CC, cellular component
- CI, confidence interval
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- Differentially expressed genes
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GEPIA, gene expression profiling interactive analysis
- GO, gene ontology
- HR, hazard ratio
- IDC, infiltrating ductal carcinoma
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MCODE, molecular complex detection
- MF, molecular function
- Metastasis
- OS, overall survival
- Overall survival
- PPI, protein-protein interaction
- Prognostic marker
- Protein-protein interaction
- RNA-Seq, RNA sequencing
- STRING, search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes
- TCGA-BRCA, The Cancer Genome Atlas-breast invasive carcinoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Shang X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang W, Tang S, Yu H, Ge Z, Yang X, He M. Association of a wide range of individual chronic diseases and their multimorbidity with brain volumes in the UK Biobank: A cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101413. [PMID: 35518119 PMCID: PMC9065617 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding associations of conventional and emerging diseases and their multimorbidity with brain volumes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 36,647 European ancestry individuals aged 44-81 years with brain magnetic resonance imaging data from UK Biobank. Brain volumes were measured between 02 May 2014 and 31 October 2019. General linear regression models were used to associate 57 individual major diseases with brain volumes. Latent class analysis was used to identify multimorbidity patterns. A multimorbidity score for brain volumes was computed based on the estimates for individual groups of diseases. FINDINGS Out of 57 major diseases, 16 were associated with smaller volumes of total brain, 14 with smaller volumes of grey matter, and six with smaller hippocampus volumes, and four major diseases were associated with higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load after adjustment for all other diseases. The leading contributors to the variance of total brain volume were hypertension (R2=0·0229), dyslipidemia (0·0190), cataract (0·0176), coronary heart disease (0·0107), and diabetes (0·0077). We identified six major multimorbidity patterns and multimorbidity patterns of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), and CMD-multiple disorders, and metabolic disorders were independently associated with smaller volumes of total brain (β (95% CI): -6·6 (-8·9, -4·3) ml, -7·3 (-10·4, -4·1) ml, and -10·4 (-13·5, -7·3) ml, respectively), grey matter (-7·1 (-8·5, -5·7) ml, -9·0 (-10·9, -7·1) ml, and -11·8 (-13·6, -9·9) ml, respectively), and higher WMH load (0·23 (0·19, 0·27), 0·25 (0·19, 0·30), and 0·33 (0·27, 0·39), respectively) after adjustment for geographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors (all P-values<0·0001). The percentage of the variance of total brain volume explained by multimorbidity patterns, multimorbidity defined by the number of diseases, and multimorbidity score was 1·2%, 3·1%, and 7·2%, respectively. Associations between CMD-multiple disorders pattern, and metabolic disorders pattern and volumes of total brain, grey matter, and WMH were stronger in men than in women. Associations between multimorbidity and brain volumes were stronger in younger than in older individuals. INTERPRETATION Besides conventional diseases, we found an association between numerous emerging diseases and smaller brain volumes. CMD-related multimorbidity patterns are associated with smaller brain volumes. Men or younger adults with multimorbidity are more in need of care for promoting brain health. These findings are from an association study and will need confirmation. FUNDING The Fundamental Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Project of Investigation on Health Status of Employees in Financial Industry in Guangzhou, China (Z012014075), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (202,002,020,049).
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- APOE4, Apolipoprotein E ε4
- BMI, body mass index
- Brain volume
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CI, confidence interval
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CMD, cardiometabolic disorders
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FDR, false discovery rate
- Grey matter
- Hippocampus
- Major diseases
- Moderation analysis
- Multimorbidity
- OLS, ordinary least squares
- WMH, white matter hyperintensity
- White matter hyperintensity
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Adjepong M, Amoah-Agyei F, Du C, Wang W, Fenton JI, Tucker RM. Limited negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health measures of Ghanaian university students. J Affect Disord Rep 2022; 7:100306. [PMID: 35018355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and mental health outcomes are negatively correlated among university students throughout the world. Reports of differences in stress perception by gender exist, but there is limited data on students from sub-Saharan African countries. This study describes the burden of perceived and financial stress; characterizes mood and degree of anxiety symptoms; examines stress coping mechanisms, including resilience and repetitive negative thinking (RNT); and explores how students at a Ghanaian university believed the COVID-19 pandemic affected these measures. Methods Students (n = 129) were recruited from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana from October 2020 - January 2021. Validated surveys were used. Participants were asked "Are your answers to the questions affected by the COVID-19 pandemic?" Results No differences in mean scores were observed between genders. For female students, financial stress was positively associated with RNT (p = 0.009), negative mood (p = 0.002), and anxiety (p < 0.001). Males were more likely to report decreased stress during the pandemic (p = 0.002), but there was no difference in mental health outcomes by perceived stress (PS) change category among males. Effects of the pandemic on mental health outcomes were mixed, but substantial proportions of students reported improvements or no change in financial stress, mood, anxiety, and RNT. Limitations Students from one university particiapted in this cross-sectional survey. Conclusions This study adds to the understanding of how higher education students are experiencing stress and are coping with the uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.
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Duvivier V, Creusot S, Broux O, Helbert A, Lesage L, Moreau K, Lesueur N, Gerard L, Lemaitre K, Provost N, Hubert EL, Baltauss T, Brzustowski A, De Preville N, Geronimi J, Adoux L, Letourneur F, Hammoutene A, Valla D, Paradis V, Delerive P. Characterization and Pharmacological Validation of a Preclinical Model of NASH in Göttingen Minipigs. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:293-305. [PMID: 35535064 PMCID: PMC9077241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, which is associated with features of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD may progress in a subset of patients into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver injury resulting ultimately in cirrhosis and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma. Today, there is no approved treatment for NASH due to, at least in part, the lack of preclinical models recapitulating features of human disease. Here, we report the development of a dietary model of NASH in the Göttingen minipig. Methods First, we performed a longitudinal characterization of diet-induced NASH and fibrosis using biochemical, histological, and transcriptional analyses. We then evaluated the pharmacological response to Obeticholic acid (OCA) treatment for 8 weeks at 2.5mg/kg/d, a dose matching its active clinical exposure. Results Serial histological examinations revealed a rapid installation of NASH driven by massive steatosis and inflammation, including evidence of ballooning. Furthermore, we found the progressive development of both perisinusoidal and portal fibrosis reaching fibrotic septa after 6 months of diet. Histological changes were mechanistically supported by well-defined gene signatures identified by RNA Seq analysis. While treatment with OCA was well tolerated throughout the study, it did not improve liver dysfunction nor NASH progression. By contrast, OCA treatment resulted in a significant reduction in diet-induced fibrosis in this model. Conclusions These results, taken together, indicate that the diet-induced NASH in the Göttingen minipig recapitulates most of the features of human NASH and may be a model with improved translational value to prioritize drug candidates toward clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Duvivier
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Stéphanie Creusot
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Olivier Broux
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Aurélie Helbert
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Ludovic Lesage
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Kevin Moreau
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Nicolas Lesueur
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Lindsay Gerard
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Karine Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Nicolas Provost
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Edwige-Ludiwyne Hubert
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Tania Baltauss
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Nathalie De Preville
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Julia Geronimi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Lucie Adoux
- GenomIC Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- GenomIC Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Adel Hammoutene
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Valla
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Service D'Hépatologie, DMU DIGEST, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Du Foie, FILFOIE, ERN RARE-LIVER, Centre de Recherche sur L'inflammation, Inserm, UMR, Paris, 1149, France
| | | | - Philippe Delerive
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
- Address for correspondence. Philippe Delerive, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Institut de Recherches Servier, 11 rue des Moulineaux, Suresnes, 92150, France.
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Pozzi C, Levi R, Braga D, Carli F, Darwich A, Spadoni I, Oresta B, Dioguardi CC, Peano C, Ubaldi L, Angelotti G, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Desai A, Voza A, Azzolini E, Cecconi M, Mantovani A, Penna G, Barbieri R, Politi LS, Rescigno M. A 'Multiomic' Approach of Saliva Metabolomics, Microbiota, and Serum Biomarkers to Assess the Need of Hospitalization in Coronavirus Disease 2019. Gastro Hep Adv 2022; 1:194-209. [PMID: 35174369 PMCID: PMC8818445 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has overwhelmed the treatment capacity of the health care systems during the highest viral diffusion rate. Patients reaching the emergency department had to be either hospitalized (inpatients) or discharged (outpatients). Still, the decision was taken based on the individual assessment of the actual clinical condition, without specific biomarkers to predict future improvement or deterioration, and discharged patients often returned to the hospital for aggravation of their condition. Here, we have developed a new combined approach of omics to identify factors that could distinguish coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) inpatients from outpatients. METHODS Saliva and blood samples were collected over the course of two observational cohort studies. By using machine learning approaches, we compared salivary metabolome of 50 COVID-19 patients with that of 270 healthy individuals having previously been exposed or not to SARS-CoV-2. We then correlated the salivary metabolites that allowed separating COVID-19 inpatients from outpatients with serum biomarkers and salivary microbiota taxa differentially represented in the two groups of patients. RESULTS We identified nine salivary metabolites that allowed assessing the need of hospitalization. When combined with serum biomarkers, just two salivary metabolites (myo-inositol and 2-pyrrolidineacetic acid) and one serum protein, chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), were sufficient to separate inpatients from outpatients completely and correlated with modulated microbiota taxa. In particular, we found Corynebacterium 1 to be overrepresented in inpatients, whereas Actinomycetaceae F0332, Candidatus Saccharimonas, and Haemophilus were all underrepresented in the hospitalized population. CONCLUSION This is a proof of concept that a combined omic analysis can be used to stratify patients independently from COVID-19.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- CHI3L1
- CHI3L1, chitinase 3-like-1
- CI, confidence interval
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 19
- DT, decision tree
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FDR, false discovery rate
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LR, logistic regression
- Metabolome
- Microbiota
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PTX3, pentraxin 3
- RFE, recursive feature elimination
- SVM, support vector machine
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pozzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Levi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Braga
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Carli
- Department of Informatics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Abbass Darwich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Spadoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Oresta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Conca Dioguardi
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS of Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS of Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ubaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Desai
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Voza
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Azzolini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cecconi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Letterio S. Politi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy,Correspondence: Address correspondence to: Prof. Maria Rescigno, PhD, Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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8
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Liu J, Chang HW, Grewal R, Cummins DD, Bui A, Beck KM, Sekhon S, Yan D, Huang ZM, Schmidt TH, Yang EJ, Sanchez IM, Nakamura M, Bhattarai S, Thibodeaux Q, Ahn R, Pauli M, Bhutani T, Rosenblum MD, Liao W. Transcriptomic Profiling of Plaque Psoriasis and Cutaneous T-Cell Subsets during Treatment with Secukinumab. JID Innov 2021; 2:100094. [PMID: 35757784 PMCID: PMC9214344 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab is efficacious for the treatment of psoriasis. To better understand its mechanism of action, we investigated its impact on psoriatic lesions from 15 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis undergoing secukinumab treatment. We characterized the longitudinal transcriptomic changes of whole lesional skin tissue as well as cutaneous CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells and CD4+ T regulatory cells across 12 weeks of treatment. Secukinumab was clinically effective and reduced disease-associated overexpression of IL17A , IL17F, IL23A, IL23R, and IFNG in whole tissue as soon as 2 weeks after initiation of treatment. IL17A overexpression in T-cell subsets, primarily CD8+ T cells, was also reduced. Although secukinumab treatment resolved 89‒97% of psoriasis-associated expression differences in bulk tissue and T-cell subsets by week 12 of treatment, we observed expression differences involved in IFN signaling and metallothionein synthesis that remained unresolved at this time point as well as potential treatment-associated expression differences involved in IL-15 signaling. These changes were accompanied by shifts in broader immune cell composition on the basis of deconvolution of RNA-sequencing data. In conclusion, our study reveals several phenotypic and cellular changes within the lesion that underlie clinical improvement from secukinumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Wen Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robby Grewal
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel D. Cummins
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Audrey Bui
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristen M. Beck
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sahil Sekhon
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Di Yan
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy H. Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric J. Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Isabelle M. Sanchez
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mio Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shrishti Bhattarai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Quinn Thibodeaux
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard Ahn
- Institute for Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mariela Pauli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tina Bhutani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael D. Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Correspondence: Wilson Liao, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
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9
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Bojanowski K, Ibeji CU, Singh P, Swindell WR, Chaudhuri RK. A Sensitization-Free Dimethyl Fumarate Prodrug, Isosorbide Di-(Methyl Fumarate), Provides a Topical Treatment Candidate for Psoriasis. JID Innov 2021; 1:100040. [PMID: 34909741 PMCID: PMC8659395 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective oral treatment for psoriasis administered in Europe for nearly 60 years. However, its potential has been limited by contact dermatitis that prohibits topical application. This paper characterizes a DMF derivative, isosorbide DMF (IDMF), which was designed to have antipsoriatic effects without skin-sensitizing properties. We show that IDMF exhibits neither genotoxicity nor radiation sensitivity in skin fibroblasts and is nonirritating and nonsensitizing in animal models (rat, rabbit, guinea pig). Microarray analysis of cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes showed that IDMF represses the expression of genes specifically upregulated in psoriatic skin lesions but not those of other skin diseases. IDMF also downregulated genes induced by IL-17A and TNF in keratinocytes as well as predicted targets of NF-κB and the antidifferentiation noncoding RNA (i.e., ANCR). IDMF further stimulated the transcription of oxidative stress response genes (NQO1, GPX2, GSR) with stronger NRF2/ARE activation compared to DMF. Finally, IDMF reduced erythema and scaling while repressing the expression of immune response genes in psoriasiform lesions elicited by topical application of imiquimod in mice. These data show that IDMF exhibits antipsoriatic activity that is similar or improved compared with that exhibited by DMF, without the harsh skin-sensitizing effects that have prevented topical delivery of the parent molecule.
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Key Words
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- CES2, carboxylesterase 2
- CPD, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer
- CTRL, control
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DMF, dimethyl fumarate
- FC, fold change
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GSH, glutathione
- IDMF, isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate)
- IMQ, imiquimod
- KC, keratinocyte
- MMF, monomethyl fumarate
- PN, uninvolved skin from psoriasis patient
- PP, lesional skin from psoriasis patient
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- VEH, vehicle
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bojanowski
- Sunny BioDiscovery, Inc, Santa Paula, California, USA.,Symbionyx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boonton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ratan K Chaudhuri
- Symbionyx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boonton, New Jersey, USA.,Sytheon Ltd, Boonton, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Jin J, Wahlang B, Thapa M, Head KZ, Hardesty JE, Srivastava S, Merchant ML, Rai SN, Prough RA, Cave MC. Proteomics and metabolic phenotyping define principal roles for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mouse liver. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3806-3819. [PMID: 35024308 PMCID: PMC8727924 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxin-like molecules have been associated with endocrine disruption and liver disease. To better understand aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) biology, metabolic phenotyping and liver proteomics were performed in mice following ligand-activation or whole-body genetic ablation of this receptor. Male wild type (WT) and Ahr–/– mice (Taconic) were fed a control diet and exposed to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) (61 nmol/kg by gavage) or vehicle for two weeks. PCB126 increased expression of canonical AHR targets (Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2) in WT but not Ahr–/–. Knockouts had increased adiposity with decreased glucose tolerance; smaller livers with increased steatosis and perilipin-2; and paradoxically decreased blood lipids. PCB126 was associated with increased hepatic triglycerides in Ahr–/–. The liver proteome was impacted more so by Ahr–/– genotype than ligand-activation, but top gene ontology (GO) processes were similar. The PCB126-associated liver proteome was Ahr-dependent. Ahr principally regulated liver metabolism (e.g., lipids, xenobiotics, organic acids) and bioenergetics, but it also impacted liver endocrine response (e.g., the insulin receptor) and function, including the production of steroids, hepatokines, and pheromone binding proteins. These effects could have been indirectly mediated by interacting transcription factors or microRNAs. The biologic roles of the AHR and its ligands warrant more research in liver metabolic health and disease.
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Key Words
- AHR
- AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under the curve
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- EPF, enrichment by protein function
- Endocrine disruption
- Environmental liver disease
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- GCR, glucocorticoid receptor
- GO, gene ontology
- H&E, hematoxylin-eosin
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, high fat diet
- IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IPF, interaction by protein function
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MUP, major urinary protein
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NFKBIA, nuclear factor kappa-inhibitor alpha
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl
- PCB126
- PLIN2, perilipin-2
- PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PXR, pregnane-xenobiotic receptor
- Perilipin-2
- Pheromones
- SGK1, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase
- TAFLD, toxicant-associated fatty liver disease
- TASH, toxicant-associated steatohepatitis
- TAT, tyrosine aminotransferase
- TMT, tandem mass tag
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- WT, wild type
- ZFP125, zinc finger protein 125
- miR, microRNA
- nHDLc, non-HDL cholesterol
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11
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Gabisonia K, Burjanadze G, Woitek F, Keles A, Seki M, Gorgodze N, Carlucci L, Ilchenko S, Kurishima C, Walsh K, Piontkivska H, Recchia FA, Kasumov T. Proteome dynasmics and bioinformatics reveal major alterations in the turnover rate of functionally related cardiac and plasma proteins in a dog model of congestive heart failure. J Card Fail 2021; 28:588-600. [PMID: 34785403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein pool turnover is a critically important cellular homeostatic component, yet it has been little explored in the context of heart failure (HF) pathophysiology. We employed in vivo 2H labeling/ proteome dynamics for non-biased discovery of turnover alterations involving functionally linked cardiac and plasma proteins in canine tachypacing-induced HF, an established preclinical model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Compared to control, dogs with congestive HF displayed bidirectional turnover changes of 28 cardiac proteins, i.e. reduced half-life of several key enzymes involved in glycolysis, homocysteine metabolism and glycogenesis, and increased half-life of proteins involved in proteolysis. Changes in plasma proteins were more modest: only 5 proteins, involved in various functions including proteolysis inhibition, hemoglobin, calcium and ferric-iron binding, displayed increased or decreased turnover rates. In other dogs undergoing cardiac tachypacing, we infused for 2 weeks the myokine Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), known for its ameliorative effects on HF-induced alterations. Proteome dynamics proved very sensitive in detecting the partial or complete prevention, by FSTL1, of cardiac and plasma protein turnover alterations. In conclusion, our study unveiled, for the first time in a large mammal, numerous HF-related alterations that may serve as the basis for future mechanistic research and/or as conceptually new molecular markers.
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Key Words
- ATIC, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase /IMP cyclohydrolase
- BNP, brain natriuretic peptide
- CLTC, Clathrin heavy chain
- CRP, Pentraxin
- CYB5R3, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase
- DPYSL2, Dihydropyrimidinase Like 2
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FSTL1, Follistatin-like protein 1
- GAPDHS, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GYS1, Glycogen synthase
- HF, Heart failure
- HSP90, Heat shock protein 90
- HSP90AB1, Heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1
- HSPA1A, Heat Shock Protein A1
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LFQ, Label-free quantification
- LOC479668, Haptoglobin
- LTAH4, Leukotriene A (4) hydrolase
- LV, Left ventricle
- PCA, Principal Component Analysis
- PDHA1, Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha
- PDHB, Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta
- PGM, Phosphoglucomutase 1
- PSMD2, Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2
- STIP1, Stress induced phosphoprotein
- TF, Transferrin
- proteome dynamics, bioinformatics, cardiac disease, heart failure, List of abbreviations: ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatia Gabisonia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gia Burjanadze
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Felix Woitek
- Heart Center Dresden-University Clinic, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ayse Keles
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Mitsuru Seki
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nikoloz Gorgodze
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Carlucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serguei Ilchenko
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Clara Kurishima
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- Department of Biological Sciences and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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12
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Si J, Lee G, You HJ, Joo SK, Lee DH, Ku BJ, Park S, Kim W, Ko G. Gut microbiome signatures distinguish type 2 diabetes mellitus from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5920-5930. [PMID: 34849196 PMCID: PMC8591343 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and these two metabolic diseases demonstrate bidirectional influences. The identification of microbiome profiles that are specific to liver injury or impaired glucose metabolism may assist understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in the relationship between NAFLD and T2D. Here, we studied a biopsy-proven Asian NAFLD cohort (n = 329; 187 participants with NAFLD, 101 with NAFLD and T2D, and 41 with neither) and identified Enterobacter, Romboutsia, and Clostridium sensu stricto as the principal taxa associated with the severity of NAFLD and T2D, whereas Ruminococcus and Megamonas were specific to NAFLD. In particular, the taxa that were associated with both severe liver pathology and T2D were also significantly associated with markers of diabetes, such as fasting blood glucose and Hb1Ac. Enterotype analysis demonstrated that participants with NAFLD had a significantly higher proportion of Bacteroides and a lower proportion of Ruminococcus than a Korean healthy twin cohort (n = 756). However, T2D could not be clearly distinguished from NAFLD. Analysis of an independent T2D cohort (n = 185) permitted us to validate the T2D-specific bacterial signature identified in the NAFLD cohort. Functional inference analysis revealed that endotoxin biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in participants with NAFLD and T2D, compared with those with NAFLD alone. These findings may assist with the development of effective therapeutic approaches for metabolic diseases that are associated with specific bacterial signatures.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- Biomarker
- Enterotype
- FBS, fasting blood sugar
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FLI, fatty liver index
- Gut microbiome
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MaAsLin2, microbiome multivariable association with linear models 2
- NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NASH-CRN, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis clinical research network
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
- PICRUSt2, phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2
- T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Si
- Medical Science Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Giljae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- KoBioLabs, Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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13
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Tune C, Hahn J, Autenrieth SE, Meinhardt M, Pagel R, Schampel A, Schierloh LK, Kalies K, Westermann J. Sleep restriction prior to antigen exposure does not alter the T cell receptor repertoire but impairs germinal center formation during a T cell-dependent B cell response in murine spleen. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100312. [PMID: 34589803 PMCID: PMC8474616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that sleep promotes immune functions. In line with this, a variety of studies in animal models and humans have shown that sleep restriction following an antigen challenge dampens the immune response on several levels which leads to e.g. worsening of disease outcome and reduction of vaccination efficiency, respectively. However, the inverse scenario with sleep restriction preceding an antigen challenge is only investigated in a few animal models where it has been shown to reduce antigen uptake and presentation as well as pathogen clearance and survival rates. Here, we use injection of sheep red blood cells to investigate the yet unknown effect on a T cell-dependent B cell response in a well-established mouse model. We found that 6 h of sleep restriction prior to the antigen challenge does not impact the T cell reaction including the T cell receptor repertoire but dampens the development of germinal centers which correlates with reduced antigen-specific antibody titer indicating an impaired B cell response. These changes concerned a functionally more relevant level than those found in the same experimental model with the inverse scenario when sleep restriction followed the antigen challenge. Taken together, our findings showed that the outcome of the T cell-dependent B cell response is indeed impacted by sleep restriction prior to the antigen challenge which highlights the clinical significance of this scenario and the need for further investigations in humans, for example concerning the effect of sleep restriction preceding a vaccination.
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Key Words
- Antigen presentation
- BCZ, B cell zone
- CCL, C–C motif ligand
- CCR, C–C motif receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CIITA, class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator
- CXCL, C-X-C motif ligand
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GC, germinal center
- Germinal center
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IgG, Immunglobulin G
- MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex II
- Mouse
- RP, red pulp
- SD, standard deviation
- SLO, secondary lymphoid organ
- SRBC, sheep red blood cells
- Sheep red blood cells
- Sleep deprivation
- Spleen
- T cell-dependent B cell response
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TCR-R, T cell receptor repertoire
- TCZ, T cell zone
- Tfh, follicular T helper cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Tune
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Germany
| | - Julia Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rene Pagel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Germany
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14
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Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Tan X, Gao M, Peng J. 3D disorganization and rearrangement of genome provide insights into pathogenesis of NAFLD by integrated Hi-C, Nanopore, and RNA sequencing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3150-3164. [PMID: 34729306 PMCID: PMC8546856 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromatin is integral to the precise regulation of gene expression. The 3D genome and genomic variations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely unknown, despite their key roles in cellular function and physiological processes. High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), Nanopore sequencing, and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) assays were performed on the liver of normal and NAFLD mice. A high-resolution 3D chromatin interaction map was generated to examine different 3D genome hierarchies including A/B compartments, topologically associated domains (TADs), and chromatin loops by Hi-C, and whole genome sequencing identifying structural variations (SVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) by Nanopore sequencing. We identified variations in thousands of regions across the genome with respect to 3D chromatin organization and genomic rearrangements, between normal and NAFLD mice, and revealed gene dysregulation frequently accompanied by these variations. Candidate target genes were identified in NAFLD, impacted by genetic rearrangements and spatial organization disruption. Our data provide a high-resolution 3D genome interaction resource for NAFLD investigations, revealed the relationship among genetic rearrangements, spatial organization disruption, and gene regulation, and identified candidate genes associated with these variations implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The newly findings offer insights into novel mechanisms of NAFLD pathogenesis and can provide a new conceptual framework for NAFLD therapy.
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Key Words
- 3C, chromosome conformation capture
- 3D genome
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Abcg5, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5
- BWA, Burrows-Wheeler Aligner
- CNV, copy number variation
- Camk1d, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1D
- Chr, chromosome
- Chromatin looping
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DEL, deletion
- DI, directionality index
- DUP, duplication
- Elovl6, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FFA, free fatty acid
- Fgfr2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
- GCKR, glucokinase regulator
- GO, gene ontology
- GSH, glutathione
- Gadd45g, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma
- Grm8, metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
- Gsta1, glutathione S-transferase A1
- H&E, hematoxylin-eosin
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HSD17B13, hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13
- Hi-C, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture
- IDE, interaction decay exponent
- INS, insertion
- INV, inversion
- IR, inclusion ratio
- IRGM, immunity related GTPase M
- IRS4, insulin receptor substrate 4
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- Kcnma1, calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1
- LPIN1, lipin 1
- MBOAT7, membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NF1, neurofibromin 1
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- NOTCH1, notch receptor 1
- ONT, Oxford Nanopore Technologies
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PNPLA3, patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3
- PPP1R3B, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- Pde4b, phosphodiesterase 4B
- Plce1, 1-phosphat-idylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1
- Plxnb1, Plexin-B1
- RB1, RB transcriptional corepressor 1
- RNA-seq, RNA-sequencing
- SD, standard deviation
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SV, structural variation
- Scd1, acyl-CoA desaturase 1
- Sugct, succinate-hydroxymethylglutarate CoA-transferase
- TAD, topologically associated domain
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TM6SF2, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- TRA, translocation
- Topologically associated domain
- Transcriptome
- WGS, whole-genome sequencing
- Whole-genome sequencing
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Masyuk T, Masyuk A, Trussoni C, Howard B, Ding J, Huang B, LaRusso N. Autophagy-mediated reduction of miR-345 contributes to hepatic cystogenesis in polycystic liver disease. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100345. [PMID: 34568801 PMCID: PMC8449272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is characterised by increased autophagy and reduced miRNA levels in cholangiocytes. Given that autophagy has been implicated in miRNA regulation, we tested the hypothesis that increased autophagy accounts for miRNA reduction in PLD cholangiocytes (PLDCs) and accelerated hepatic cystogenesis. Methods We assessed miRNA levels in cultured normal human cholangiocytes (NHCs), PLDCs, and isolated PLDC autophagosomes by miRNA-sequencing (miRNA-seq), and miRNA targets by mRNA-seq. Levels of miR-345 and miR-345-targeted proteins in livers of animals and humans with PLD, in NHCs and PLDCs, and in PLDCs transfected with pre-miR-345 were assessed by in situ hybridisation (ISH), quantitative PCR, western blotting, and fluorescence confocal microscopy. We also assessed cell proliferation and cyst growth in vitro, and hepatic cystogenesis in vivo. Results In total, 81% of miRNAs were decreased in PLDCs, with levels of 10 miRNAs reduced by more than 10 times; miR-345 was the most-reduced miRNA. In silico analysis and luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-345 targets included cell-cycle and cell-proliferation-related genes [i.e. cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), E2F2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)]; levels of 4 studied miR-345 targets were increased in PLDCs at both the mRNA and protein levels. Transfection of PLDCs with pre-miR-345 increased miR-345 and decreased the expression of miR-345-targeted proteins, cell proliferation, and cyst growth in vitro. MiR-345 accumulated in autophagosomes in PLDCs but not NHCs. Inhibition of autophagy increased miR-345 levels, decreased the expression of miR-345-targeted proteins, and reduced hepatic cystogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Autophagy-mediated reduction of miR-345 in PLDCs (i.e. miRNAutophagy) accelerates hepatic cystogenesis. Inhibition of autophagy restores miR-345 levels, decreases cyst growth, and is beneficial for PLD. Lay summary Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is an incurable genetic disorder characterised by the progressive growth of hepatic cysts. We found that hepatic cystogenesis is increased when the levels of miR-345 in PLD cholangiocytes (PLDCs) are reduced by autophagy. Restoration of miR-345 in PLDCs via inhibition of autophagy decreases hepatic cystogenesis and thus, is beneficial for PLD. The miRNA profile is altered in PLD. MiR-345 is the most-reduced miRNA in PLDCs. The reduction of miR-345 increases PLDC proliferation and hepatic cystogenesis. MiR-345 in PLDCs is regulated by autophagy, termed ‘miRNAutophagy’. Restoration of miR-345 in PLDC is beneficial for PLD.
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Key Words
- ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- ADPLD, autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease
- AGO2, Argonaute 2
- ALG8, alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase
- ALG9, alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase
- ARPKD, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- CDC25A, cell division cycle 25A
- CDK6, cyclin-dependent kinase 6
- Cell cycle-related proteins
- Cholangiocyte proliferation
- Cholangiocytes
- DNAJB11, DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B11
- DZIP1L, DAZ interacting zinc finger protein 1 like
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GANAB, glucosidase II alpha subunit
- GO, Gene Ontology
- Genetic liver diseases
- HCQ, hydroxychloroquine
- ISH, in situ hybridisation
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LRP5, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5
- NHC, normal human cholangiocyte
- NRC, normal rat cholangiocyte
- PCK, polycystic kidney
- PCKC, polycystic kidney rat cholangiocyte
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PKD1/2, polycystic kidney disease 1/2
- PKHD1, polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1
- PLD treatment
- PLD, polycystic liver disease
- PLDC, polycystic liver disease cholangiocyte
- PRKCSH, protein kinase C substrate 80K-H
- RPM, reads per million
- SEC61B, SEC61 translocon subunit beta
- SEC63, SEC63 homolog, protein translocation regulator
- WT, wild type
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miRISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- miRNA-seq, miRNA-sequencing
- snRNA, small nuclear RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anatoliy Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christy Trussoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brynn Howard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jingyi Ding
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bing Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Corresponding author. Address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street, SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Tel: +1 507 284 1006; Fax: +1 507 284 0762.
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Lin BB, Lei HQ, Xiong HY, Fu X, Shi F, Yang XW, Yang YF, Liao GL, Feng YP, Jiang DG, Pang J. MicroRNA-regulated transcriptome analysis identifies four major subtypes with prognostic and therapeutic implications in prostate cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4941-4953. [PMID: 34527198 PMCID: PMC8433071 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation plays a critical role in the heterogeneous development of prostate cancer (PCa) by tuning mRNA levels. Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular features of PCa by clustering the miRNA-regulated transcriptome with non-negative matrix factorization. Using 478 PCa samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, four molecular subtypes (S-I, S-II, S-III, and S-IV) were identified and validated in two merged microarray and RNAseq datasets with 656 and 252 samples, respectively. Interestingly, the four subtypes showed distinct clinical and biological features after comprehensive analyses of clinical features, multiomic profiles, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity. S-I is basal/stem/mesenchymal-like and immune-excluded with marked transforming growth factor β, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia signals, increased sensitivity to olaparib, and intermediate prognosis. S-II is luminal/metabolism-active and responsive to androgen deprivation therapy with frequent TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and a good prognosis. S-III is characterized by moderate proliferative and metabolic activity, sensitivity to taxane-based chemotherapy, and intermediate prognosis. S-IV is highly proliferative with moderate EMT and stemness, frequent deletions of TP53, PTEN and RB, and the poorest prognosis; it is also immune-inflamed and sensitive to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Overall, based on miRNA-regulated gene profiles, this study identified four distinct PCa subtypes that could improve risk stratification at diagnosis and provide therapeutic guidance.
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Key Words
- ADT, androgen deprivation therapy
- AR, androgen receptor
- AUC, Area under the dose-response curve
- BCR, biochemical recurrence
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CCLs, cancer cell lines
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4
- DEmiRs, differentially expressed miRNAs
- DFS, disease-free survival
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- GEP, gene expression profile
- GO, Gene Ontology
- GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
- Heterogeneity
- ICB, immune checkpoint blockade
- IFN, interferon
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MIRcor, miRNA-correlated
- Molecular subtypes
- NEPC, neuroendocrine prostate cancer
- NMF, non-negative matrix factorization
- NTP, Nearest template prediction
- OS, overall survival
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- Prostate cancer
- SCNAs, somatic copy number alterations
- SubMap, Subclass mapping
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TMB, tumor mutation burden
- TNAs, tumor neoantigens
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- k-NN, K-nearest neighbor
- mCRPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
- miRNAs
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ssGSEA, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Biao Lin
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Han-Qi Lei
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Hai-Yun Xiong
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fu Shi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Ya-Fei Yang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Guo-Long Liao
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Yu-Peng Feng
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Dong-Gen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
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Gibb AA, Murray EK, Eaton DM, Huynh AT, Tomar D, Garbincius JF, Kolmetzky DW, Berretta RM, Wallner M, Houser SR, Elrod JW. Molecular Signature of HFpEF: Systems Biology in a Cardiac-Centric Large Animal Model. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:650-672. [PMID: 34466752 PMCID: PMC8385567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study the authors used systems biology to define progressive changes in metabolism and transcription in a large animal model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Transcriptomic analysis of cardiac tissue, 1-month post-banding, revealed loss of electron transport chain components, and this was supported by changes in metabolism and mitochondrial function, altogether signifying alterations in oxidative metabolism. Established HFpEF, 4 months post-banding, resulted in changes in intermediary metabolism with normalized mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic deficiencies were noted in skeletal muscle at early and late phases of disease, suggesting cardiac-derived signaling contributes to peripheral tissue maladaptation in HFpEF. Collectively, these results provide insights into the cellular biology underlying HFpEF progression.
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Key Words
- BCAA, branched chain amino acids
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EF, ejection fraction
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FC, fold change
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GO, gene ontology
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- LA, left atrial
- LAV, left atrial volume
- LV, left ventricle/ventricular
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- RCR, respiratory control ratio
- RI, retention index
- UPLC, ultraperformance liquid chromatography
- heart failure
- m/z, mass to charge ratio
- metabolomics
- mitochondria
- preserved ejection fraction
- systems biology
- transcriptomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Gibb
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma K. Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah M. Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anh T. Huynh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanne F. Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Remus M. Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Steven R. Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr John W. Elrod, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, MERB 949, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
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18
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Liu Q, Nie R, Li M, Li L, Zhou H, Lu H, Wang X. Identification of subtypes correlated with tumor immunity and immunotherapy in cutaneous melanoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4472-4485. [PMID: 34471493 PMCID: PMC8379294 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Because immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for a subset of melanoma patients, identification of melanoma subtypes responsive to ICIs is crucial. We performed clustering analyses to identify immune subtypes of melanoma based on the enrichment levels of 28 immune cells using transcriptome datasets for six melanoma cohorts, including four cohorts not treated with ICIs and two cohorts treated with ICIs. We identified three immune subtypes (Im-H, Im-M, and Im-L), reproducible in these cohorts. Im-H displayed strong immune signatures, low stemness and proliferation potential, genomic stability, high immunotherapy response rate, and favorable prognosis. Im-L showed weak immune signatures, high stemness and proliferation potential, genomic instability, low immunotherapy response rate, and unfavorable prognosis. The pathways highly enriched in Im-H included immune, MAPK, apoptosis, calcium, VEGF, cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion, gap junction, and PPAR. The pathways highly enriched in Im-L included Hippo, cell cycle, and ErbB. Copy number alterations correlated inversely with immune signatures in melanoma, while tumor mutation burden showed no significant correlation. The molecular features correlated with favorable immunotherapy response included immune-promoting signatures and pathways of PPAR, MAPK, VEGF, calcium, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Our data recapture the immunological heterogeneity in melanoma and provide clinical implications for the immunotherapy of melanoma.
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Key Words
- Clustering analysis
- DMFS, distant-metastasis free survival
- DSS, disease-specific survival
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GO, gene ontology
- GSEA, gene-set enrichment analysis
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HRD, homologous recombination deficiency
- ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors
- Immune subtypes
- Immunotherapy
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- Melanoma
- NK, natural killer
- OS, overall survival
- SCNAs, somatic copy number alterations
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TIME, tumor immune microenvironment
- TMB, tumor mutation burden
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Tumor immune microenvironment
- WGCNA, weighted gene co-expression network analysis
- ssGSEA, single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Rongfang Nie
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lin Li
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Alameldin S, Costina V, Abdel-Baset HA, Nitschke K, Nuhn P, Neumaier M, Hedtke M. Coupling size exclusion chromatography to ultracentrifugation improves detection of exosomal proteins from human plasma by LC-MS. Pract Lab Med 2021; 26:e00241. [PMID: 34258353 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exosomes are small lipid bilayer vesicles that are defined by their endocytic origin and size range of 30–140 nm. They are constantly produced by different cell types, by both healthy and abnormal cells, and can be isolated from almost all body fluids. Little information exists in isolating exosomes from plasma due to the complexity of its content and the presence of contaminating plasma proteins. Design and methods We carried-out liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses of plasma-derived vesicles from 4 healthy donors obtained by 2 coupled methodologies: Ultracentrifugation (UC) coupled with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) to isolate and subsequently enrich exosomes. We compared the proteins detected by UC alone and UC coupled with SEC. Results In the coupled UC + SEC methodology we found 52.25% more proteins enriched in exosomes as CD9, Annexins, YWHAZ (14-3-3 family) and others, than by using UC alone. There is also a reduction of 98.8% of contaminating plasma proteins by coupling UC and SEC in comparison to using UC alone. Conclusions We conclude that exosomes can be successfully isolated from plasma using a very simple combination of standard methods, which could largely improve the proteomics profiling of plasma exosomes. Isolating exosomes with the least possible contaminants is very important for their clinical application. Isolating exosomes from human plasma faces considerable challenges. There is no ideal single isolation technique until this date. Exosomes can be successfully isolated from plasma using a combination of Ultracentrifugation and SEC.
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Key Words
- AGO2, Argonaute protein
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- EVs, extracellular vesicles
- Exosomes
- FDR, false discovery rate
- Human plasma
- ILVs, intraluminal vesicles
- MVBs, multivesicular bodies
- Mass spectrometry
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- Size-exclusion chromatography
- UC, ultracentrifugation
- Ultracentrifugation
- cfNAs, Cell-free nucleic acids
- ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA
- miRNA, microRNA
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20
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Schmieder V, Novak N, Dhiman H, Nguyen LN, Serafimova E, Klanert G, Baumann M, Kildegaard HF, Borth N. A pooled CRISPR/AsCpf1 screen using paired gRNAs to induce genomic deletions in Chinese hamster ovary cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 31:e00649. [PMID: 34277363 PMCID: PMC8261548 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
• Development of a small-scale CRISPR/AsCpf1 screen in CHO. • Usage of paired gRNAs enables full deletion of coding or noncoding genomic regions. • Growth perturbing paired gRNAs identified. • Key points for considerations in future screens identified.
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used host for the expression of therapeutic proteins. Recently, significant progress has been made due to advances in genome sequence and annotation quality to unravel the black box CHO. Nevertheless, in many cases the link between genotype and phenotype in the context of suspension cultivated production cell lines is still not fully understood. While frameshift approaches targeting coding genes are frequently used, the non-coding regions of the genome have received less attention with respect to such functional annotation. Importantly, for non-coding regions frameshift knock-out strategies are not feasible. In this study, we developed a CRISPR-mediated screening approach that performs full deletions of genomic regions to enable the functional study of both the translated and untranslated genome. An in silico pipeline for the computational high-throughput design of paired guide RNAs (pgRNAs) directing CRISPR/AsCpf1 was established and used to generate a library tackling process-related genes and long non-coding RNAs. Next generation sequencing analysis of the plasmid library revealed a sufficient, but highly variable pgRNA composition. Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange was applied for pgRNA library integration rather than viral transduction to ensure single copy representation of pgRNAs per cell. After transient AsCpf1 expression, cells were cultivated over two sequential batches to identify pgRNAs which massively affected growth and survival. By comparing pgRNA abundance, depleted candidates were identified and individually validated to verify their effect.
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Key Words
- AsCpf1, Cpf1 from Acidaminococcus sp BV3L6
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CPM, counts per million reads mapped
- CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- CRISPR/AsCpf1
- Cas9, CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Chinese hamster ovary cells
- Cpf1, CRISPR-associated protein in Prevotella and Francisella
- DE, differentially expressed
- DOWN-TTS, downstream transcription termination site
- DR, differentially represented
- EV, empty vector
- EpoFc, Erythropoietin Fc fusion protein
- FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorting
- FC, fold change
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GS, glutamine synthetase
- Genetic screen
- NGS, next generation sequencing
- NTC, no template control
- PAM, protospacer adjacent motif
- PCA, principal component analysis
- Qp, specific productivity
- RMCE, recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
- TMM, trimmed mean of M values
- UP-TSS, upstream transcription start site
- VCD, viable cell density
- dCas9, deactivated Cas9
- gRNA, guide RNA
- genomic deletion
- lncRNA, long non-coding RNA
- ncGene, non-coding gene
- oligo, oligonucleotide
- paired gRNAs
- pgRNA, paired gRNA
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
- µ, growth rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Schmieder
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria.,acib GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neža Novak
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria.,acib GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heena Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria.,acib GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ly Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria.,acib GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgenija Serafimova
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria.,acib GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Klanert
- acib GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Baumann
- acib GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Faustrup Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria.,acib GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
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Riva A, Gray EH, Azarian S, Zamalloa A, McPhail MJ, Vincent RP, Williams R, Chokshi S, Patel VC, Edwards LA. Faecal cytokine profiling as a marker of intestinal inflammation in acutely decompensated cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100151. [PMID: 32838247 PMCID: PMC7391986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gut dysbiosis and inflammation perpetuate loss of gut barrier integrity (GBI) and pathological bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis, contributing to infection risk. Little is known about gut inflammation in cirrhosis and how this differs in acute decompensation (AD). We developed a novel approach to characterise intestinal immunopathology by quantifying faecal cytokines (FCs) and GBI markers. METHODS Faeces and plasma were obtained from patients with stable cirrhosis (SC; n = 16), AD (n = 47), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 31). A panel of 15 cytokines and GBI markers, including intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein-2 (FABP2), d-lactate, and faecal calprotectin (FCAL), were quantified by electrochemiluminescence/ELISA. Correlations between analytes and clinical metadata with univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Faecal (F) IL-1β, interferon gamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha, IL-21, IL-17A/F, and IL-22 were significantly elevated in AD vs. SC (q <0.01). F-IL-23 was significantly elevated in AD vs. HC (p = 0.0007). FABP2/d-lactate were significantly increased in faeces in AD vs. SC and AD vs. HC (p <0.0001) and in plasma (p = 0.0004; p = 0.011). F-FABP2 correlated most strongly with disease severity (Spearman's rho: Child-Pugh 0.466; p <0.0001; model for end-stage liver disease 0.488; p <0.0001). FCAL correlated with plasma IL-21, IL-1β, and IL-17F only and none of the faecal analytes. F-cytokines and F-GBI markers were more accurate than plasma in discriminating AD from SC. CONCLUSIONS FC profiling represents an innovative approach to investigating the localised intestinal cytokine micro-environment in cirrhosis. These data reveal that AD is associated with a highly inflamed and permeable gut barrier. FC profiles are very different from the classical innate-like features of systemic inflammation. There is non-specific upregulation of TH1/TH17 effector cytokines and those known to mediate intestinal barrier damage. This prevents mucosal healing in AD and further propagates BT and systemic inflammation. LAY SUMMARY The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.
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Key Words
- ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure
- AD, acute decompensation
- AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic
- BT, bacterial translocation
- Bacterial translocation
- CLIF-C AD, Chronic Liver Failure Consortium-acute decompensation
- Chronic liver disease
- Cytokines
- DS, discriminant score
- FABP2, fatty-acid-binding protein-2
- FCAL, faecal calprotectin
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FL, faecal lysate
- FWER, family-wise error rate
- GVB, gut vascular barrier
- Gut inflammation
- HC, healthy control
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- Intestinal barrier function
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PCA, principal component analysis
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- SC, stable cirrhosis
- UKELD, United Kingdom model for end-stage liver disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth H. Gray
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Azarian
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark J.W. McPhail
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Royce P. Vincent
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vishal C. Patel
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lindsey A. Edwards
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Simms L, Rudd K, Palmer J, Czekala L, Yu F, Chapman F, Trelles Sticken E, Wieczorek R, Bode LM, Stevenson M, Walele T. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells to screen for developmental toxicity potential indicates reduced potential for non-combusted products, when compared to cigarettes. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:161-73. [PMID: 34345845 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective in vitro strategies are required to predict early developmental toxicity. devTOXqP is a metabolomics biomarker assay using iPSCs. Sample smoke/aerosol captured in bPBS, was tested up to 10% concentration. Cigarettes & HTP bPBS extracts were predicted as potentially developmentally toxic. HYB & EVP aerosols were not predicted as having developmentally toxic potential in devTOXqP.
devTOX quickPredict (devTOXqP) is a metabolomics biomarker-based assay that utilises human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to screen for potential early stage embryonic developmental toxicity in vitro. Developmental toxicity potential is assessed based on the assay endpoint of the alteration in the ratio of key unrelated biomarkers, ornithine and cystine (o/c). This work aimed to compare the developmental toxicity potential of tobacco-containing and tobacco-free non-combustible nicotine products to cigarette smoke. Smoke and aerosol from test articles were produced using a Vitrocell VC10 smoke/aerosol exposure system and bubbled into phosphate buffered saline (bPBS). iPS cells were exposed to concentrations of up to 10% bPBS. Assay sensitivity was assessed through a spiking study with a known developmental toxicant, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), in combination with cigarette smoke extract. The bPBS extracts of reference cigarettes (1R6F and 3R4F) and a heated tobacco product (HTP) were predicted to have the potential to induce developmental toxicity, in this screening assay. The bPBS concentration at which these extracts exceeded the developmental toxicity threshold was 0.6% (1R6F), 1.3% (3R4F), and 4.3% (HTP) added to the cell media. Effects from cigarette smoke and HTP aerosol were driven largely by cytotoxicity, with the cell viability and o/c ratio dose–response curves crossing the developmental toxicity thresholds at very similar concentrations of added bPBS. The hybrid product and all the electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosols were not predicted to be potential early developmental toxicants, under the conditions of this screening assay.
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Key Words
- ATRA, All-trans-retinoic acid
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- COT, United Kingdom Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Cigarettes
- DART, developmental and reproductive toxicity
- DNPH, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
- Developmental toxicity
- E-cigarettes
- ECVAM, European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
- EPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
- EVP, electronic vapour product
- FDR, false discovery rate
- HPHCs, Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents
- HPLC-DAD, high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector
- HTP, heated tobacco product
- HYB, hybrid product
- Human induced pluripotent stem cells
- ISO, International Organization for Standardisation
- ISTD, internal standard
- In vitro reproduction assay
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
- LOQ, limit of quantification
- ND, No effect was detected within the exposure range tested
- NHS, United Kingdom National Health Service
- NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Nicotine
- ODC, ornithine decarboxylase
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PG/VG, propylene glycol/vegetable glycerine
- POD, point of difference
- Q-TOF, Quadrupole Time-of-Flight
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TP, cell viability toxicity potential concentration
- TT21C, toxicity testing in the 21st century
- UPLC-HRMS, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled high resolution mass spectrometry
- bPBS, bubbled phosphate buffered saline
- dTP, developmental toxicity potential concentration
- dTT, developmental toxicity threshold
- devTOXqP, devTOX quickPredict
- e-cigarettes, electronic cigarettes
- iPS cells, induced pluripotent stem cells
- nAChRs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- o/c, ornithine/cystine ratio
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Dong C, Condat B, Picon-Coste M, Chrétien Y, Potier P, Noblinski B, Arrivé L, Hauuy MP, Barbu V, Maftouh A, Gaouar F, Ben Belkacem K, Housset C, Poupon R, Zanditenas D, Chazouillères O, Corpechot C. Low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis syndrome: Prevalence, clinical features, and comorbidities. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100201. [PMID: 33554096 PMCID: PMC7848766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome, a rare genetic form of intrahepatic cholelithiasis in adults, is still poorly understood. We report the results of the largest-ever case-control study of patients with LPAC syndrome aiming to assess the prevalence, clinical features, and comorbidities of the disease. Methods We included all LPAC cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2016 in 11 French centres. Controls consisted of all patients who underwent a cholecystectomy for common gallstone disease in a single non-academic centre over 1 year. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the clinical features associated with LPAC syndrome across several patient strata with increasing levels of diagnostic confidence. The ratio between the incident cases of LPAC syndrome and the total number of cholecystectomies for gallstones was used to assess the relative prevalence of the disease. Results In this study, 308 cases and 206 controls were included. LPAC syndrome accounted for 0.5–1.9% of all patients admitted with symptomatic gallstone disease. Age at first symptoms <40 years, absence of overweight, persistence of symptoms after cholecystectomy, intrahepatic micro- or macrolithiasis, common bile duct (CBD) lithiasis, and no history of cholecystitis were independently associated with LPAC diagnosis. ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4) variants, present in 46% of cases, were associated with CBD lithiasis, chronic elevation of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and personal or family history of hepato-biliary cancer. Conclusions In this case-control study, LPAC syndrome accounted for approximately 1% of symptomatic cholelithiasis in adults. In addition to pre-established diagnostic criteria, normal weight, CBD lithiasis, and no history of cholecystitis were significantly associated with the syndrome. ABCB4 gene variations in patients with LPAC were associated with CBD lithiasis, chronic cholestasis, and a personal or family history of hepato-biliary cancer. Lay summary In the largest case-control study ever conducted in patients with LPAC syndrome, a rare genetic form of intrahepatic cholelithiasis in young adults, LPAC syndrome was found in approximately 1% of all patients admitted to the hospital for symptomatic gallstones and, in addition to the pre-established characteristics of the syndrome (age at first symptoms <40 years, recurrence of symptoms after cholecystectomy, and/or imaging evidence of intrahepatic microlithiasis), was associated with lower BMI, higher prevalence of common bile duct stones, and lower incidence of acute cholecystitis. ABCB4 gene variants, which were detected in about half of cases, were associated with common bile duct stones and a personal or family history of hepato-biliary cancer. Low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome affects approximately 1% of adults with symptomatic cholelithiasis. Normal weight, common bile duct stones, and lack of cholecystitis are clinical features significantly associated with this syndrome. ABCB4 variants in patients with LPAC may be associated with an increased personal or family risk of hepato-biliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dong
- Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Condat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, French Polynesia Hospital, Pirae, French Polynesia
- Association Nationale des Hépato-Gastroentérologues des Hôpitaux Généraux de France (ANGH), Montfermeil, France
- French National Cohort of Patients with LPAC syndrome (RaDiCo-COLPAC), RaDiCo, Inserm U933, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Picon-Coste
- Association Nationale des Hépato-Gastroentérologues des Hôpitaux Généraux de France (ANGH), Montfermeil, France
- French National Cohort of Patients with LPAC syndrome (RaDiCo-COLPAC), RaDiCo, Inserm U933, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aix-en-Provence Hospital, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Yves Chrétien
- Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Potier
- Association Nationale des Hépato-Gastroentérologues des Hôpitaux Généraux de France (ANGH), Montfermeil, France
- French National Cohort of Patients with LPAC syndrome (RaDiCo-COLPAC), RaDiCo, Inserm U933, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Orléans Hospital, Orléans, France
| | - Béatrice Noblinski
- Radiology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Arrivé
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Radiology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Barbu
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anware Maftouh
- Visceral Surgery Department, Saint-Camille Hospital, Bry-sur-Marne, France
| | - Farid Gaouar
- Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Karima Ben Belkacem
- Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- French National Cohort of Patients with LPAC syndrome (RaDiCo-COLPAC), RaDiCo, Inserm U933, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Raoul Poupon
- Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - David Zanditenas
- Association Nationale des Hépato-Gastroentérologues des Hôpitaux Généraux de France (ANGH), Montfermeil, France
- French National Cohort of Patients with LPAC syndrome (RaDiCo-COLPAC), RaDiCo, Inserm U933, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint-Camille Hospital, Bry-sur-Marne, France
| | - Olivier Chazouillères
- Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- French National Cohort of Patients with LPAC syndrome (RaDiCo-COLPAC), RaDiCo, Inserm U933, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Corpechot
- Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- French National Cohort of Patients with LPAC syndrome (RaDiCo-COLPAC), RaDiCo, Inserm U933, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Corresponding author. Address: Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, ERN RARE-LIVER, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France. Tel.: +33149282836, Fax: +33149282107.
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Leblanc S, Brunet MA. Modelling of pathogen-host systems using deeper ORF annotations and transcriptomics to inform proteomics analyses. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2836-2850. [PMID: 33133425 PMCID: PMC7585943 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus is a flavivirus that can cause fulminant outbreaks and lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome, microcephaly and fetal demise. Like other flaviviruses, the Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and provokes neurological disorders. Despite its risk to public health, no antiviral nor vaccine are currently available. In the recent years, several studies have set to identify human host proteins interacting with Zika viral proteins to better understand its pathogenicity. Yet these studies used standard human protein sequence databases. Such databases rely on genome annotations, which enforce a minimal open reading frame (ORF) length criterion. An ever-increasing number of studies have demonstrated the shortcomings of such annotation, which overlooks thousands of functional ORFs. Here we show that the use of a customized database including currently non-annotated proteins led to the identification of 4 alternative proteins as interactors of the viral capsid and NS4A proteins. Furthermore, 12 alternative proteins were identified in the proteome profiling of Zika infected monocytes, one of which was significantly up-regulated. This study presents a computational framework for the re-analysis of proteomics datasets to better investigate the viral-host protein interplays upon infection with the Zika virus.
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Key Words
- AP-MS, affinity-purification mass spectrometry
- Alternative ORFs
- DEP, differentially expressed proteins
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FPKM, fragments per kilobase of exon model per million reads mapped
- Flavivirus
- HCIP, highly confident interacting proteins
- HCMV, human cytomegalovirus
- LFQ, label free quantification
- MS, mass spectrometry
- ORF, open reading frame
- PSM, peptide spectrum match
- Protein network
- Proteogenomics
- Proteome profiling
- ZIKV, Zika virus
- Zika
- altProt, alternative protein
- ncRNA, non-coding RNA
- sORF, small open reading frame
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Leblanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Canada
| | - Marie A. Brunet
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Canada
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Wang M, Gong J, Bhullar NK. Iron deficiency triggered transcriptome changes in bread wheat. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2709-22. [PMID: 33101609 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of complex transport, storage and regulation mechanisms control iron metabolism and thereby maintain iron homeostasis in plants. Despite several studies on iron deficiency responses in different plant species, these mechanisms remain unclear in the allohexaploid wheat, which is the most widely cultivated commercial crop. We used RNA sequencing to reveal transcriptomic changes in the wheat flag leaves and roots, when subjected to iron limited conditions. We identified 5969 and 2591 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flag leaves and roots, respectively. Genes involved in the synthesis of iron ligands i.e., nicotianamine (NA) and deoxymugineic acid (DMA) were significantly up-regulated during iron deficiency. In total, 337 and 635 genes encoding transporters exhibited altered expression in roots and flag leaves, respectively. Several genes related to MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY (MFS), ATP-BINDING CASSETTE (ABC) transporter superfamily, NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN (NRAMP) family and OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (OPT) family were regulated, indicating their important roles in combating iron deficiency stress. Among the regulatory factors, the genes encoding for transcription factors of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) family were highly up-regulated in both roots and the flag leaves. The jasmonate biosynthesis pathway was significantly altered but with notable expression differences between roots and flag leaves. Homoeologs expression and induction bias analysis revealed subgenome specific differential expression. Our findings provide an integrated overview on regulated molecular processes in response to iron deficiency stress in wheat. This information could potentially serve as a guideline for breeding iron deficiency stress tolerant crops as well as for designing appropriate wheat iron biofortification strategies.
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Key Words
- 3-HMA, 3-hydroxymugineic acid
- ABC, ATP-BINDING CASSETTE
- ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
- AEC, AUXIN EFFLUX CARRIER
- AOC, ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE
- AOS, ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE
- AQP, AQUAPORIN
- AVA, avenic acid
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DMA, deoxymugineic acid
- DMAS, DEOXYMUGINEIC ACID SYNTHASE
- DPA, days post anthesis
- ERF, ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR
- FAD, FATTY ACID DESATURASE
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FIT, FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
- FRO, FERRIC REDUCTASE OXIDASE
- GCN, gene co-expression network
- GO, Gene ontology
- GSH, GLUTATHIONE
- HC, high confidence
- HMA, HEAVY METAL-ASSOCIATED
- IDE, iron deficiency-responsive cis-acting element
- IDEF, IDE BINDING FACTOR
- IHW, independent hypothesis weighting
- ILR3, IAA‐LEUCINE RESISTANT3
- IREG/FPN, IRON REGULATED PROTEIN/FERROPORTIN
- IRT1, IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER
- Iron deficiency
- Iron, Fe
- JAs, jasmonates
- JMT, JASMONATE O-METHYLTRANSFERASE
- KAT, 3-KETOACYL-COA THIOLASE
- LOX, LIPOXYGENASE
- MA, mugineic acid
- MATE, MULTI ANTIMICROBIAL EXTRUSION PROTEIN
- MFS, MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY
- MRP, MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN
- MT, METALLOTHIONEIN
- NA, nicotianamine
- NAAT, NICOTIANAMINE AMINOTRANSFERASE
- NAC, NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM)/ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION FACTOR (ATAF)/CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC)
- NAS, NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE
- NRAMP, NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN
- NRT1/PTR, NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER
- OPCL, 4-COUMARATE COA LIGASE
- OPR, 12-OXOPHYTODIENOATE REDUCTASE
- OPT, OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER
- PDR, PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE
- PLA, PHOSPHOLIPASE A1
- PRI, POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON DEFICIENCY RESPONSE
- PSs, phytosiderophores
- PT, peptide transport
- PYE, POPEYE
- RNA sequencing
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SAMS, S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE SYNTHETASE
- SLC40A1, SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 40 MEMBER 1
- SWEET, SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTERS
- TOM, TRANSPORTER OF MUGINEIC ACID
- Transcriptomic profiles
- VIT, VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER
- Wheat
- YSL, YELLOW STRIPE LIKE
- ZIFL, ZINC INDUCED FACILITATOR-LIKE
- ZIP, ZINC/IRON PERMEASE
- bHLH, BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX
- bZIP, BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER
- epiHDMA, 3-epihydroxy-2′-deoxymugineic acid
- epiHMA, 3-epihydroxymugineic acid
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Nie X, Chen J, Ma X, Ni Y, Shen Y, Yu H, Panagiotou G, Bao Y. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiome and visceral fat accumulation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2596-2609. [PMID: 33033580 PMCID: PMC7528071 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Visceral fat is an independent risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to investigate the associations between gut microbiome and visceral fat. Methods We recruited 32 obese adults and 30 healthy controls at baseline. Among the obese subjects, 14 subjects underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and were followed 6 months after surgery. Abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Waist, hipline, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were included as simple obese parameters. Gut microbiome was analyzed by metagenomic sequencing. Results Among the obese parameters, VFA had the largest number of correlations with the species that were differentially enriched between obese and healthy subjects, following by waist, WHR, BMI, hipline, and SFA. Within the species negatively correlated with VFA, Eubacterium eligens had the strongest correlation, following by Clostridium citroniae, C. symbiosum, Bacteroides uniformis, E. ventriosum, Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16, C. hathewayi, etc. C. hathewayi and C. citroniae were increased after LSG. Functional analyses showed that among all the obese parameters, VFA had strongest correlation coefficients with the obesity-related microbial pathways. Microbial pathways involved in carbohydrate fermentation and biosynthesis of L-glutamate and L-glutamine might contribute to visceral fat accumulation. Conclusions Visceral fat was more closely correlated with gut microbiome compared with subcutaneous fat, suggesting an intrinsic connection between gut microbiome and metabolic cardiovascular diseases. Specific microbial species and pathways which were closely associated with visceral fat accumulation might contribute to new targeted therapies for metabolic disorders.
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Key Words
- 2hCP, 2-hour C-peptide
- 2hPG, 2-hour plasma glucose
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BCAAs, branched chain amino acids
- BMI, body mass index
- CoDA, Compositional Data Analysis
- Cr, creatinine
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- FCp, fasting C-peptide
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- GPR43, G-protein coupled receptor 43
- Gut microbiome
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- LSG, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSG, monosodium glutamate
- Metagenomics
- Obesity
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SCFAs, short chain fatty acids
- SFA, subcutaneous fat area
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle
- TG, triglyceride
- UA, uric acid
- VFA, visceral fat area
- Visceral fat
- WBC, white blood cell count
- WHR, waist-to-hip ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
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Sewer A, Zanetti F, Iskandar AR, Guedj E, Dulize R, Peric D, Bornand D, Mathis C, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A meta-analysis of microRNAs expressed in human aerodigestive epithelial cultures and their role as potential biomarkers of exposure response to nicotine-containing products. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1282-1295. [PMID: 33014713 PMCID: PMC7522043 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of some microRNAs (miRNA) is modulated in response to cigarette smoke (CS), which is a leading cause of major preventable diseases. However, whether miRNA expression is also modulated by the aerosol/extract from potentially reduced-risk products is not well studied. The present work is a meta-analysis of 12 in vitro studies in human organotypic epithelial cultures of the aerodigestive tract (buccal, gingival, bronchial, nasal, and small airway epithelia). These studies compared the effects of exposure to aerosols from electronic vapor (e-vapor) products and heated tobacco products, and to extracts from Swedish snus products (in the present work, will be referred to as reduced-risk products [RRPs]) on miRNA expression with the effects of exposure to CS or its total particulate matter fraction. This meta-analysis evaluated 12 datasets of a total of 736 detected miRNAs and 2775 exposed culture inserts. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding method was used to find similarities across the diversity of miRNA responses characterized by tissue type, exposure type, and product concentration. The CS-induced changes in miRNA expression in gingival cultures were close to those in buccal cultures; similarly, the alterations in miRNA expression in small airway, bronchial, and nasal tissues resembled each other. A supervised clustering was performed to identify miRNAs exhibiting particular response patterns. The analysis identified a set of miRNAs whose expression was altered in specific tissues upon exposure to CS (e.g., miR-125b-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-99a-5p, and 146a-5p). Finally, we investigated the impact of RRPs on miRNA expression in relation to that of CS by calculating the response ratio r between the RRP- and CS-induced alterations at an individual miRNA level, showing reduced alterations in miRNA expression following RRP exposure relative to CS exposure (94 % relative reduction). No specific miRNA response pattern indicating exposure to aerosols from heated tobacco products and e-vapor products, or extracts from Swedish snus was identifiable.
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Key Words
- 2D, two-dimensional
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALI, air-liquid interface
- CHTP 1.2, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product 1.2
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CRP, CORESTA Reference Product
- CS, cigarette smoke and its TPM fraction
- FDA, Food & Drug Administration
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GCW, General Classic White
- HCI, Health Canada intense
- HTP, heated tobacco product
- Heated tobacco product
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- MMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase 1
- N/A, not applicable
- Organotypic aerodigestive culture
- RRP, reduced-risk product
- Systems toxicology
- THS 2.2, Tobacco Heating System 2.2
- TPM, total particulate matter
- Tobacco Heating System 2.2
- e-vapor
- e-vapor, electronic vapor
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miRNA
- miRNA, microRNA
- t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita R Iskandar
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bornand
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Verhelst S, De Clerck L, Willems S, Van Puyvelde B, Daled S, Deforce D, Dhaenens M. Comprehensive histone epigenetics: A mass spectrometry based screening assay to measure epigenetic toxicity. MethodsX 2020; 7:101055. [PMID: 32995308 PMCID: PMC7508989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the involvement of epigenetics in pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration has increased global interest in epigenetic modifications. For nearly thirty years, it has been known that cancer cells exhibit abnormal DNA methylation patterns. In contrast, the large-scale analysis of histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) has lagged behind because classically, histone modification analysis has relied on site specific antibody-based techniques. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a technique that holds the promise to picture the histone code comprehensively in a single experiment. Therefore, we developed an MS-based method that is capable of tracking all possible hPTMs in an untargeted approach. In this way, trends in single and combinatorial hPTMs can be reported and enable prediction of the epigenetic toxicity of compounds. Moreover, this method is based on the use of human cells to provide preliminary data, thereby omitting the need to sacrifice laboratory animals. Improving the workflow and the user-friendliness in order to become a high throughput, easily applicable, toxicological screening assay is an ongoing effort. Still, this novel toxicoepigenetic assay and the data it generates holds great potential for, among others, pharmaceutical industry, food science, clinical diagnostics and, environmental toxicity screening. •There is a growing interest in epigenetic modifications, and more specifically in histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs).•We describe an MS-based workflow that is capable of tracking all possible hPTMs in an untargeted approach that makes use of human cells.•Improving the workflow and the user-friendliness in order to become a high throughput, easily applicable, toxicological screening assay is an ongoing effort.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- DDA, data-dependent acquisition
- DIA, data-independent acquisition
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- Drug safety
- FA, formic acid
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid
- GRX, gingisrex
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HDACi, histone deacetylase inhibitor
- HLB, hypotonic lysis buffer
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Histone post-translational modifications
- K, Lysine
- LC-MS/MS
- M, Methionine
- MS, Mass spectrometry
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- N, asparagine
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- Pharmacoepigenetics
- Proteomics
- Q, glutamine
- R, arginine
- RA, relative abundance
- RP, reversed phase
- RT, room temperature
- S, serine
- SWATH, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra
- T, threonine
- TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate
- Toxicoepigenetics
- VPA, valproic acid
- Y, tyrosine
- hESC, human embryonic stem cell
- hPTM, histone post-translational modification
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Verhelst
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura De Clerck
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Willems
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Puyvelde
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Daled
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Dhaenens
- ProGenTomics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Zhang Z, Li L, Li M, Wang X. The SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor ACE2 correlates positively with immunotherapy response and is a potential protective factor for cancer progression. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2020;18:2438-2444. [PMID: 32905022 PMCID: PMC7462778 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 29 million people and has caused more than 900,000 deaths worldwide as of September 14, 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 human cell receptor ACE2 has recently received extensive attention for its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Many studies have also explored the association between ACE2 and cancer. However, a systemic investigation into associations between ACE2 and oncogenic pathways, tumor progression, and clinical outcomes in pan-cancer remains lacking. Using cancer genomics datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program, we performed computational analyses of associations between ACE2 expression and antitumor immunity, immunotherapy response, oncogenic pathways, tumor progression phenotypes, and clinical outcomes in 13 cancer cohorts. We found that ACE2 upregulation was associated with increased antitumor immune signatures and PD-L1 expression, and favorable anti-PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 immunotherapy response. ACE2 expression levels inversely correlated with the activity of cell cycle, mismatch repair, TGF-β, Wnt, VEGF, and Notch signaling pathways. Moreover, ACE2 expression levels had significant inverse correlations with tumor proliferation, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ACE2 upregulation was associated with favorable survival in pan-cancer and in multiple individual cancer types. These results suggest that ACE2 is a potential protective factor for cancer progression. Our data may provide potential clinical implications for treating cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Key Words
- ACE2 expression
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- CESC, cervical squamous-cell carcinoma
- COAD, colon adenocarcinoma
- DFI, disease-free interval
- DSS, disease-specific survival
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ESCA, esophageal carcinoma
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GO, gene ontology
- GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis
- HNSC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- KIRC, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
- KIRP, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma
- LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma
- LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma
- OS, overall survival
- OV, ovarian carcinoma
- PAAD, pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- PFI, progression-free interval
- Pan-cancer
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SKCM, skin cutaneous melanoma
- Survival prognosis
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TF, transcription factor
- THYM, thymoma
- Tumor immunity and immunotherapy
- Tumor progression
- UCEC, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma
- WGCNA, weighted gene co-expression network analysis
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Zhang X, Chen S, Duan F, Liu A, Li S, Zhong W, Sheng W, Chen J, Xu J, Xiao S. Prebiotics enhance the biotransformation and bioavailability of ginsenosides in rats by modulating gut microbiota. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:334-43. [PMID: 33841014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota mainly function in the biotransformation of primary ginsenosides into bioactive metabolites. Herein, we investigated the effects of three prebiotic fibers by targeting gut microbiota on the metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 in vivo. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were administered with ginsenoside Rb1 after a two-week prebiotic intervention of fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, and fibersol-2, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis of ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolites was performed, whilst the microbial composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota were examined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Results The results showed that peak plasma concentration and area under concentration time curve of ginsenoside Rb1 and its intermediate metabolites, ginsenoside Rd, F2, and compound K (CK), in the prebiotic intervention groups were increased at various degrees compared with those in the control group. Gut microbiota dramatically responded to the prebiotic treatment at both taxonomical and functional levels. The abundance of Prevotella, which possesses potential function to hydrolyze ginsenoside Rb1 into CK, was significantly elevated in the three prebiotic groups (P < 0.05). The gut metagenomic analysis also revealed the functional gene enrichment for terpenoid/polyketide metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism, etc. Conclusion These findings imply that prebiotics may selectively promote the proliferation of certain bacterial stains with glycoside hydrolysis capacity, thereby, subsequently improving the biotransformation and bioavailability of primary ginsenosides in vivo.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AUC, area under the concentration-time curve
- Bioavailability
- Biotransformation
- CAT, CAZymes Analysis Toolkit
- CAZymes, carbohydrate active enzymes
- CK, compound K
- Cmax, peak plasma concentration
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FOS, fructooligosaccharide
- GOS, galactooligosaccharide
- Ginsenoside
- Gut microbiota
- IS, internal standard
- KEGG, the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes
- LCA, lowest common ancestor
- LDA, linear discriminant analysis
- LEfSe, LDA effect size
- LLOQs, lower limits of quantifications
- MANOVA, multivariate ANOVA
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- NMDS, non-metric multidimensional scaling
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PCoA, principal coordinates analysis
- Prebiotic
- SD, Sprague Dawley
- SRA, Sequence Read Archive
- Tmax, time of maximum plasma concentration
- UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization source and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer
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Tune C, Meinhardt M, Kalies K, Pagel R, Schierloh LK, Hahn J, Autenrieth SE, Koch CE, Oster H, Schampel A, Westermann J. Effects of sleep on the splenic milieu in mice and the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into a T cell dependent B cell response. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100082. [PMID: 34589857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is known to improve immune function ranging from cell distribution in the naïve state to elevated antibody titers after an immune challenge. The underlying mechanisms still remain unclear, partially because most studies have focused on the analysis of blood only. Hence, we investigated the effects of sleep within the spleen in female C57BL/6J mice with normal sleep compared to short-term sleep-deprived animals both in the naïve state and after an antigen challenge. Lack of sleep decreased the expression of genes associated with immune cell recruitment into and antigen presentation within the spleen both in the naïve state and during a T cell dependent B cell response directed against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). However, neither T cell proliferation nor formation of SRBC-specific antibodies was affected. In addition, the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into the immune response within seven days was not influenced by sleep deprivation. Thus, sleep modulated the molecular milieu within the spleen whereas we could not detect corresponding changes in the primary immune response against SRBC. Further studies will show whether sleep influences the secondary immune response against SRBC or the development of the B cell receptor repertoire, and how this can be compared to other antigens. Sleep deprivation (SD) decreases expression of genes involved in T cell function. SD induces those changes in the milieu of both lymph nodes and spleen. SD dampens the expression of several genes in the spleen during an immune response. SD does not alter the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into the immune response.
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Key Words
- Antigen presentation
- BCZ, B cell zone
- CCL, C–C motif ligand
- CCR, C–C motif receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CIITA, class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator
- CXCL, C-X-C motif ligand
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GC, germinal center
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Lymphocyte migration
- MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex II
- SD, sleep deprivation
- SLO, secondary lymphoid organ
- SRBC, sheep red blood cells
- Sheep red blood cells
- Sleep deprivation
- T cell dependent B cell Response
- T cell receptor repertoire
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TCR-R, T cell receptor repertoire
- TCZ, T cell zone
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Trauner M, Gindin Y, Jiang Z, Chung C, Subramanian GM, Myers RP, Gulamhusein A, Kowdley KV, Levy C, Goodman Z, Manns MP, Muir AJ, Bowlus CL. Methylation signatures in peripheral blood are associated with marked age acceleration and disease progression in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. JHEP Rep 2019; 2:100060. [PMID: 32039401 PMCID: PMC7005566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims A DNA methylation (DNAm) signature derived from 353 CpG sites (the Horvath clock) has been proposed as an epigenetic measure of chronological and biological age. This epigenetic signature is accelerated in diverse tissue types in various disorders, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and is associated with mortality. Here, we assayed whole blood DNAm to explore age acceleration in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods Using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip (850K) array, DNAm signatures in whole blood were analyzed in 36 patients with PSC enrolled in a 96-week trial of simtuzumab (Ishak F0-1, n = 13; F5-6, n = 23). Age acceleration was calculated as the difference between DNAm age and chronological age. Comparisons between patients with high and low age acceleration (≥ vs. < the median) were made and Cox regression evaluated the association between age acceleration and PSC-related clinical events (e.g. decompensation, cholangitis, transplantation). Results Age acceleration was significantly higher in patients with PSC compared to a healthy reference cohort (median, 11.1 years, p <2.2 × 10-16). In PSC, demographics, presence of inflammatory bowel disease, and ursodeoxycholic acid use were similar between patients with low and high age acceleration. However, patients with high age acceleration had increased serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, enhanced liver fibrosis test scores, and greater hepatic collagen and α-smooth muscle actin expression on liver biopsy (all p <0.05). Moreover, patients with high age acceleration had an increased prevalence of cirrhosis (89% vs. 39%; p = 0.006) and greater likelihood of PSC-related events (hazard ratio 4.19; 95% CI 1.15–15.24). Conclusion This analysis of blood DNAm profiles suggests that compared with healthy controls, patients with PSC – particularly those with cirrhosis - exhibit significant acceleration of epigenetic age. Future studies are required to evaluate the prognostic implications and effect of therapies on global methylation patterns and age acceleration in PSC. Lay summary An epigenetic clock based on DNA methylation has been proposed as a marker of age. In liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, age acceleration based on this epigenetic clock has been observed. Herein, we show that patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis have marked age acceleration, which is further accentuated by worsening fibrosis. This measure of age acceleration could be a useful marker for prognostication or risk stratification in primary sclerosing cholangitis. A peripheral blood DNA methylation (DNAm) score identifies age acceleration in PSC patients vs. healthy controls. PSC patients with high age acceleration had significantly more PSC-related events than those with low age acceleration. These findings may enable stratification of at-risk PSC patients based on a DNAm score from peripheral blood.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- Aging
- BMI, body mass index
- DNAm, DNA methylation
- ELF, enhanced liver fibrosis
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- LOXL2, lysyl oxidase-like-2
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- biomarker
- inflammatory bowel disease
- primary sclerosing cholangitis
- prognosis
- ursodeoxycholic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Address: Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aliya Gulamhusein
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher L. Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Beckman JA, Doherty SP, Feldman ZB, Banks ES, Moslehi J, Jaffe IZ, Hamburg NM, Sheng Q, Brown JD. Comparative Transcriptomics of Ex Vivo, Patient-Derived Endothelial Cells Reveals Novel Pathways Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:567-74. [PMID: 31768474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells can be harvested directly from humans, rapidly sorted and subjected to RNA-sequencing to study global gene expression. In endothelial cells isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pathways involved in TGF-β and Cyclin-D1 signaling were positively enriched while androgen signaling and oxidative phosphorylation were negatively enriched compared to healthy individuals. Patient-derived endothelial cells can be used to discover and validate disease-associated pathways.
In this study low-input RNA-sequencing was used to annotate the molecular identity of endothelial cells isolated and immunopurified with CD144 microbeads. Using this technique, comparative gene expression profiling from healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus identified both known and novel pathways linked with EC dysfunction. Modeling of diabetes by treating cultured ECs with high glucose identified shared changes in gene expression in diabetic cells. Overall, the data demonstrate how purified ECs from patients can be used to generate new hypotheses about mechanisms of human vascular disease.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- EC, endothelial cell
- EDTA, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid
- FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorting
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- IV, intravenous
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- Seq, sequencing
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VUMC, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- WBC, white blood cell
- ddCt, delta-delta cycle threshold
- diabetes mellitus
- endothelial cell dysfunction
- endothelial cells
- gene expression
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Guo J, Lv Q, Ariff A, Zhang X, Peacock CS, Song Y, Wen X, Saiganesh A, Melton PE, Dykes GA, Moses EK, LE Souëf PN, Lu F, Zhang G. Western oropharyngeal and gut microbial profiles are associated with allergic conditions in Chinese immigrant children. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100051. [PMID: 31440325 PMCID: PMC6699559 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The allergy epidemic resulting from western environment/lifestyles is potentially due to modifications of the human microbiome. Therefore, it is of interest to study immigrants living in a western environment as well as their counterparts in the country of origin to understand differences in their microbiomes and health status. METHODS We investigated 58 Australian Chinese (AC) children from Perth, Western Australia as well as 63 Chinese-born Chinese (CC) children from a city in China. Oropharyngeal (OP) and fecal samples were collected. To assess the microbiomes, 16s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing for variable regions V3 and V4 was used. Skin prick tests (SPT) were performed to measure the children's atopic status. Information on food allergy and wheezing were acquired from a questionnaire. RESULTS AC children had more allergic conditions than CC children. The alpha diversity (mean species diversity) of both OP and gut microbiome was lower in AC children compared to CC children for richness estimate (Chao1), while diversity evenness (Shannon index) was higher. The beta diversity (community similarity) displayed a distinct separation of the OP and gut microbiota between AC and CC children. An apparent difference in microbial abundance was observed for many bacteria. In AC children, we sought to establish consistent trends in bacterial relative abundance that are either higher or lower in AC versus CC children and higher or lower in children with allergy versus those without allergy. The majority of OP taxa showed a consistent trend while the majority of fecal taxa showed a contrasting trend. CONCLUSION Distinct differences in microbiome compositions were found in both oropharyngeal and fecal samples of AC and CC children. The association of the OP microbiome with allergic condition is different from that of the gut microbiome in AC children. The microbiome profiles are changed by the western environment/lifestyle and are associated with allergies in Chinese immigrant children in Australia.
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Key Words
- AC, Australian Chinese
- Allergy
- Atopy
- BMI, body mass index
- CC, China-Born Chinese
- FDR, false discovery rate
- Immigration
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes
- LDA, The linear discriminant analysis
- LEfSe, The linear discriminant analysis effect size
- Microbiome
- OP, oropharyngeal
- PICRUSt, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States
- SPT, skin prick test
- Western environment
- rRNA, ribosomal RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Quanjun Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Amir Ariff
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Christopher S. Peacock
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yong Song
- School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiajie Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Aarti Saiganesh
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Phillip E. Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gary A. Dykes
- School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Eric K. Moses
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter N. LE Souëf
- Division of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Muhlebach MS, Sha W, MacIntosh B, Kelley TJ, Muenzer J. Metabonomics reveals altered metabolites related to inflammation and energy utilization at recovery of cystic fibrosis lung exacerbation. Metabol Open 2019; 3:100010. [PMID: 32812947 PMCID: PMC7424819 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2019.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterized by chronic bacterial infections in the setting of mucus abnormalities. Patients experience periodic exacerbations that manifest with increased respiratory symptoms that require intensification of therapy with enhanced airway clearance and intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Objectives In an observational study we tested if the profile of metabolites in serum distinguished the pre-from post-exacerbation state and which systemically measurable pathways were affected during the process to recovery. Methods Serum collected within 48 h of start and completion, respectively of IV antibiotics was collected from people with CF ages 6–30 years. Three day food records were collected prior to each sample. To reduce variation between subjects only subjects who had pancreatic insufficiency, had similar CF mutations, and did not have CF liver disease or diabetes were included. Metabolomic profiling was conducted by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy with metabolites being identified based on retention time/index, mass to charge ratio and comparison to known compounds. Biostatistical analyses used paired t-test with correction for multiple comparisons and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Results Thirty subjects (20 male) with a mean ± SEM age of 15.3 ± 1.2 years participated, 17 of whom had matched food-records. Lung function was significantly improved post-therapy compared to pre-therapy, (mean ± SEM) 75 ± 4% vs. 68 ± 4% predicted (n = 26). Serum metabonomics showed distinction of the pre-vs. post-therapy groups with 123 compounds contributing to the differentiation pre-versus post-antibiotics by multiple biostatistical analyses. Compounds and pathways affected included bile acids and microbial derived amino acid metabolites, increases in lipid classes of the glycerophospholipid, glycerolipids, cholesterol, phopsholipids, and most pronounced, the class of sphingolipids. Changes in n6/n3 fatty acids, decreased polyamines but increased metabolites in the nitric oxide pathway, and changes in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway indicated decreased inflammation at resolution of exacerbation. Conclusions Changes in serum metabolites that distinguished CF pulmonary exacerbation vs. resolution of symptoms showed evidence of decreased inflammation and improvement from a catabolic state. Serum metabonomics distinguishes cystic fibrosis exacerbation to resolution state. Distinguishing pathways indicate alterations in (gut) microbiome and bile acids. Serum metabolites at resolution show decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Lipid markers indicate improvement from a catabolic state at exacerbation.
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Key Words
- AA, arachidonate
- ARG, arginase
- BA, bile acids
- BHBA, 3-hydroxybutyrate
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DHA, docosahexaenoate
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1st second
- IDO, indoleamine-2-3-dioxygenase
- IV, intravenous
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- ODC, ornithine decarboxylase
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis
- QC, quality control
- RI, retention time/index
- UNC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- UPLC, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy
- VIP, variable influence on projection score
- n3-DPA, docosapentaenoate
- q, significance at a 5% FDR cut-off
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Muhlebach
- Dept. Pediatrics, Division Pulmonary Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 MacNider, 330 S. Columbia Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7217, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 150 Research Campus Dr, Kannapolis, NC 28081, NC, USA
| | - Beth MacIntosh
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Core, UNC Healthcare, Nutrition and Food Services Department, 102 Mason Farm Rd, CB#7777, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Departments of Pediatrics/Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 833 BRB, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Muenzer
- Dept. Pediatrics, Division Metabolism and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Abstract
Phase II clinical studies represent a critical point in determining drug costs, and phase II is a poor predictor of drug success: >30% of drugs entering phase II studies fail to progress, and >58% of drugs go on to fail in phase III. Adaptive clinical trial design has been proposed as a way to reduce the costs of phase II testing by providing earlier determination of futility and prediction of phase III success, reducing overall phase II and III trial sizes, and shortening overall drug development time. This review examines issues in phase II testing and adaptive trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail A. Van Norman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Bogan SN, McMahon JB, Pechenik JA, Pires A. Legacy of Multiple Stressors: Responses of Gastropod Larvae and Juveniles to Ocean Acidification and Nutrition. Biol Bull 2019; 236:159-173. [PMID: 31167086 DOI: 10.1086/702993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification poses a significant threat to calcifying invertebrates by negatively influencing shell deposition and growth. An organism's performance under ocean acidification is not determined by the susceptibility of one single life-history stage, nor is it solely controlled by the direct physical consequences of ocean acidification. Shell development by one life-history stage is sometimes a function of the pH or pCO2 levels experienced during earlier developmental stages. Furthermore, environmental factors such as access to nutrition can buffer organismal responses of calcifying invertebrates to ocean acidification, or they can function as a co-occurring stressor when access is low. We reared larvae and juveniles of the planktotrophic marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata through combined treatments of nutritional stress and low pH, and we monitored how multiple stressors endured during the larval stage affected juvenile performance. Shell growth responded non-linearly to decreasing pH, significantly declining between pH 7.6 and pH 7.5 in larvae and juveniles. Larval rearing at pH 7.5 reduced juvenile growth as a carryover effect. Larval rearing at pH 7.6 reduced subsequent juvenile growth despite the absence of a negative impact on larval growth, demonstrating a latent effect. Low larval pH magnified the impact of larval nutritional stress on competence for metamorphosis and increased carryover effects of larval nutrition on juvenile growth. Trans-life-cycle effects of larval nutrition were thus modulated by larval exposure to ocean acidification.
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Ho PT, Rhee H, Kim J, Seo C, Park JK, Young CR, Won YJ. Impacts of Salt Stress on Locomotor and Transcriptomic Responses in the Intertidal Gastropod Batillaria attramentaria. Biol Bull 2019; 236:224-241. [PMID: 31167089 DOI: 10.1086/703186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most crucial environmental factors that structures biogeographic boundaries of aquatic organisms, affecting distribution, abundance, and behavior. However, the association between behavior and gene regulation underlying acclimation to changes in salinity remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of salinity stress on behavior (movement distance) and patterns of gene expression (using RNA sequencing) of the intertidal gastropod Batillaria attramentaria. We examined responses to short-term (1-hour) and long-term (30-day) acclimation to a range of salinities (43, 33 [control], 23, 13, and 3 psu). We found that the intertidal B. attramentaria is able to tolerate a broad range of salinity from 13 to 43 psu but not the acute low salinity of 3 psu. Behavioral experiments showed that salt stress significantly influenced snails' movement, with lower salinity resulting in shorter movement distance. Transcriptomic analyses revealed critical metabolic pathways and genes potentially involved in acclimation to salinity stress, including ionic and osmotic regulation, signal and hormonal transduction pathways, water exchange, cell protection, and gene regulation or epigenetic modification. In general, our study presents a robust, integrative laboratory-based approach to investigate the effects of salt stress on a nonmodel gastropod facing detrimental consequences of environmental change. The current genetic results provide a wealth of reference data for further research on mechanisms of ionic and osmotic regulation and adaptive evolution of this coastal gastropod.
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Key Words
- AICC, corrected Akaike Information Criterion
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- FAA, free amino acid
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid
- Hsp, heat shock protein
- LMM, linear mixed-effects model
- MDS, multidimensional scaling
- RNA-Seq, RNA sequencing.
- fc, fold change
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Qi S, Guo L, Yan S, Lee RJ, Yu S, Chen S. Hypocrellin A-based photodynamic action induces apoptosis in A549 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:279-293. [PMID: 30972277 PMCID: PMC6437636 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, many studies have reported that hypocrellin A (HA) can eliminate cancer cells with proper irradiation in several cancer cell lines. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its anticancer effect has not been fully defined. HA-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were evaluated after photodynamic therapy (PDT). A temporal quantitative proteomics approach by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) 2D liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) was introduced to help clarify molecular cytotoxic mechanisms and identify candidate targets of HA-induced apoptotic cell death. Specific caspase inhibitors were used to further elucidate the molecular pathway underlying apoptosis in PDT-treated A549 cells. Finally, down-stream apoptosis-related protein was evaluated. Apoptosis induced by HA was associated with cell shrinkage, externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial disruption, which were preceded by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations. Further studies showed that PDT treatment with 0.08 µmol/L HA resulted in mitochondrial disruption, pronounced release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3, -9, and -7. Together, HA may be a possible therapeutic agent directed toward mitochondria and a promising photodynamic anticancer candidate for further evaluation.
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Key Words
- ACN, acetonitrile
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning confocal microscopy
- DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorofuorescin diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle׳s medium
- Dox, doxorubicin
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- FCCP, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GO, gene ontology
- HA, hypocrellin A
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- Hypocrellin A
- IAA, iodoacetamide
- IKK, IκB kinase complex
- JC-1, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-benzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide
- LC–MS/MS
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PI, propidium iodide
- PS, photosensitizer
- Photodynamic therapy
- Proteomic
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SCX, strong cation exchange
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicinal
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- UA, urea
- iTRAQ
- iTRAQ, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation
- z-IETD-fmk, z-Ile-Glu-Asp-fluoromethylketone
- z-LEHD-fmk, z-Leu-Glu(OMe)-His-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone
- z-VAD-fmk, z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lingyuan Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuzhen Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Robert J. Lee
- College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shuqin Yu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 25 8559 1050.
| | - Shuanglin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 25 8589 1265.
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Teague HL, Varghese NJ, Tsoi LC, Dey AK, Garshick MS, Silverman JI, Baumer Y, Harrington CL, Stempinski E, Elnabawi YA, Dagur PK, Cui K, Tunc I, Seifuddin F, Joshi AA, Stansky E, Purmalek MM, Rodante JA, Keel A, Aridi TZ, Carmona-Rivera C, Sanda GE, Chen MY, Pirooznia M, McCoy JP, Gelfand JM, Zhao K, Gudjonsson JE, Playford MP, Kaplan MJ, Berger JS, Mehta NN. Neutrophil Subsets, Platelets, and Vascular Disease in Psoriasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:1-14. [PMID: 30847414 PMCID: PMC6390681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
LDGs are a subset of neutrophils that were elevated in psoriasis and associated with the severity of disease. In psoriasis, LDGs associated with noncalcified coronary plaque burden beyond cardiovascular risk factors and in vitro, induced endothelial cell damage. Compared to normal-density granulocyte neutrophils, platelet-associated biological pathways were upregulated in LDGs, suggesting enhanced platelet adherence to the LDG surface. LDGs co-localized with platelets in circulation, and the LDG-platelet interaction associated more strongly with non-calcified coronary burden by coronary CTA compared to LDGs alone.
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease associated with increased cardiovascular risk and serves as a reliable model to study inflammatory atherogenesis. Because neutrophils are implicated in atherosclerosis development, this study reports that the interaction among low-density granulocytes, a subset of neutrophils, and platelets is associated with a noncalcified coronary plaque burden assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography. Because early atherosclerotic noncalcified burden can lead to fatal myocardial infarction, the low-density granulocyte−platelet interaction may play a crucial target for clinical intervention.
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Key Words
- CCTA, coronary computed tomography angiography
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FDR, false discovery rate
- HAoEC, human aortic endothelial cell
- LDG, low-density granulocyte
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NCB, noncalcified coronary plaque burden
- NDG, normal-density granulocyte
- NET, neutrophil extracellular trap
- PASI, psoriasis area severity index
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- TB, total coronary plaque burden
- cardiovascular disease
- low-density granulocytes
- neutrophils
- platelets
- psoriasis
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Teague
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nevin J Varghese
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amit K Dey
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael S Garshick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joanna I Silverman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charlotte L Harrington
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erin Stempinski
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Youssef A Elnabawi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kairong Cui
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ilker Tunc
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aditya A Joshi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elena Stansky
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Monica M Purmalek
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Justin A Rodante
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew Keel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tarek Z Aridi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory E Sanda
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Philip McCoy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keji Zhao
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Martin P Playford
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey S Berger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Gao Y, Li W, Chen J, Wang X, Lv Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Xu F. Pharmacometabolomic prediction of individual differences of gastrointestinal toxicity complicating myelosuppression in rats induced by irinotecan. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:157-166. [PMID: 30766787 PMCID: PMC6362258 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacometabolomics has been already successfully used in toxicity prediction for one specific adverse effect. However in clinical practice, two or more different toxicities are always accompanied with each other, which puts forward new challenges for pharmacometabolomics. Gastrointestinal toxicity and myelosuppression are two major adverse effects induced by Irinotecan (CPT-11), and often show large individual differences. In the current study, a pharmacometabolomic study was performed to screen the exclusive biomarkers in predose serums which could predict late-onset diarrhea and myelosuppression of CPT-11 simultaneously. The severity and sensitivity differences in gastrointestinal toxicity and myelosuppression were judged by delayed-onset diarrhea symptoms, histopathology examination, relative cytokines and blood cell counts. Mass spectrometry-based non-targeted and targeted metabolomics were conducted in sequence to dissect metabolite signatures in predose serums. Eventually, two groups of metabolites were screened out as predictors for individual differences in late-onset diarrhea and myelosuppression using binary logistic regression, respectively. This result was compared with existing predictors and validated by another independent external validation set. Our study indicates the prediction of toxicity could be possible upon predose metabolic profile. Pharmacometabolomics can be a potentially useful tool for complicating toxicity prediction. Our findings also provide a new insight into CPT-11 precision medicine.
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Key Words
- AUC-ROC, area under receiver operating characteristic
- BHB, β-hydroxybutyric acid
- Biomarkers
- C, control group
- CA, cholic acid
- CPT-11, irinotecan
- Complicating toxicity
- DBIL, direct bilirubin
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- Diarrhea
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GCA, glycocholic acid
- Gastrointestinal toxicity
- IBIL, indirect bilirubin
- IT-TOF/MS, ion trap/time-offlight hybrid mass spectrometry
- Individual differences
- Irinotecan
- Lys, lysine
- MSTFA, N-methyl-N-trifluoroacetamide
- Metabolomics
- NS, non-sensitive group
- NSgt, non-sensitive for gastrointestinal toxicity
- NSmt, non-sensitive for myelosuppression toxicity
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PLS-DA, partial least-squares-discriminant analysis
- Phe, phenylalanine
- Prediction
- QC, quality control
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- S, sensitive group
- Sgt, sensitive for gastrointestinal toxicity
- Smt, sensitive for myelosuppression toxicity
- T, CPT-11 treated group
- Trp, tryptophan
- UFLC, ultrafast liquid chromatography
- VIP, variable importance in the projection
- pFDR, false-discovery-rate-adjusted P value
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingtong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Hofmeier B, Wolpert S, Aldamer ES, Walter M, Thiericke J, Braun C, Zelle D, Rüttiger L, Klose U, Knipper M. Reduced sound-evoked and resting-state BOLD fMRI connectivity in tinnitus. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:637-649. [PMID: 30202725 PMCID: PMC6128096 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The exact neurophysiological basis of chronic tinnitus, which affects 10-15% of the population, remains unknown and is controversial at many levels. It is an open question whether phantom sound perception results from increased central neural gain or not, a crucial question for any future therapeutic intervention strategies for tinnitus. We performed a comprehensive study of mild hearing-impaired participants with and without tinnitus, excluding participants with co-occurrences of hyperacusis. A right-hemisphere correlation between tinnitus loudness and auditory perceptual difficulty was observed in the tinnitus group, independent of differences in hearing thresholds. This correlation was linked to reduced and delayed sound-induced suprathreshold auditory brain responses (ABR wave V) in the tinnitus group, suggesting subsided rather than exaggerated central neural responsiveness. When anatomically predefined auditory regions of interest were analysed for altered sound-evoked BOLD fMRI activity, it became evident that subcortical and cortical auditory regions and regions involved in sound detection (posterior insula, hippocampus), responded with reduced BOLD activity in the tinnitus group, emphasizing reduced, rather than increased, central neural gain. Regarding previous findings of evoked BOLD activity being linked to positive connectivities at rest, we additionally analysed r-fcMRI responses in anatomically predefined auditory regions and regions associated with sound detection. A profound reduction in positive interhemispheric connections of homologous auditory brain regions and a decline in the positive connectivities between lower auditory brainstem regions and regions involved in sound detection (hippocampus, posterior insula) were observed in the tinnitus group. The finding went hand-in-hand with the emotional (amygdala, anterior insula) and temporofrontal/stress-regulating regions (prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus) that were no longer positively connected with auditory cortex regions in the tinnitus group but were instead positively connected to lower-level auditory brainstem regions. Delayed sound processing, reduced sound-evoked BOLD fMRI activity and altered r-fcMRI in the auditory midbrain correlated in the tinnitus group and showed right hemisphere dominance as did tinnitus loudness and perceptual difficulty. The findings suggest that reduced central neural gain in the auditory stream may lead to phantom perception through a failure to energize attentional/stress-regulating networks for contextualization of auditory-specific information. Reduced auditory-specific information flow in tinnitus has until now escaped detection in humans, as low-level auditory brain regions were previously omitted from neuroimaging studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS0006332.
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Key Words
- ABR wave
- ABR, auditory brainstem response
- BA, Brodmann area
- BA13A, anterior insula
- BA13P, posterior insula
- BA28, entorhinal cortex
- BB-chirp, broadband chirp
- BERA, brainstem-evoked response audiometry
- CN, cochlear nucleus
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Cortisol
- DL, dorsolateral
- EFR, envelope-followed responses
- ENT, ear, nose and throat
- FA, flip angle
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FOV, field of view
- FWHM, full width at half maximum
- G-H-S, Goebel-Hiller-Score
- HF-chirp, high-frequency chirp
- HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
- High-SR AF, high-spontaneous firing rates auditory fibers
- IC, inferior colliculus
- L, left
- LF-chirp, low-frequency chirp
- Low-SR AF, low-spontaneous firing rates auditory fibers
- M, medial
- MGB, medial geniculate body
- MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- PTA, pure tone audiogram
- R, right
- ROI, region of interest
- SD, standard deviation
- SOC, superior olivary complex
- SPL, sound pressure level
- SPM, Statistical Parametric Mapping
- TA, acquisition time
- TE, echo time
- TR, repetition time
- Tinnitus
- VBM, voxel-based morphometry
- fMRI
- r-fcMRI
- rCBF, resting-state cerebral blood flow
- rCBV, resting-state cerebral blood volume
- zFC, z-values functional connectivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hofmeier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolpert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Saad Aldamer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Walter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - John Thiericke
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany/HNO Ärzte Praxis Part GmbB, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 47, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Zelle
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Klose
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-73076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Fuqua BK, Lu Y, Frazer DM, Darshan D, Wilkins SJ, Dunn L, Loguinov AV, Kogan SC, Matak P, Chen H, Dunaief JL, Vulpe CD, Anderson GJ. Severe Iron Metabolism Defects in Mice With Double Knockout of the Multicopper Ferroxidases Hephaestin and Ceruloplasmin. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:405-27. [PMID: 30182051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Multicopper ferroxidases (MCFs) facilitate intestinal iron absorption and systemic iron recycling, likely by a mechanism involving the oxidization of Fe2+ from the iron exporter ferroportin 1 for delivery to the circulating Fe3+ carrier transferrin. Hephaestin (HEPH), the only MCF known to be expressed in enterocytes, aids in the basolateral transfer of dietary iron to the blood. Mice lacking HEPH in the whole body (Heph-/- ) or intestine alone (Hephint/int ) exhibit defects in dietary iron absorption but still survive and grow. Circulating ceruloplasmin (CP) is the only other known MCF likely to interact with enterocytes. Our aim was to assess the effects of combined deletion of HEPH and CP on intestinal iron absorption and homeostasis in mice. METHODS Mice lacking both HEPH and CP (Heph-/-Cp-/- ) and mice with whole-body knockout of CP and intestine-specific deletion of HEPH (Hephint/intCp-/- ) were generated and phenotyped. RESULTS Heph-/-Cp-/- mice were severely anemic and had low serum iron, but they exhibited marked iron loading in duodenal enterocytes, the liver, heart, pancreas, and other tissues. Hephint/intCp-/- mice were moderately anemic (similar to Cp-/- mice) but were iron loaded only in the duodenum and liver, as in Hephint/int and Cp-/- mice, respectively. Both double knockout models absorbed iron in radiolabeled intestinal iron absorption studies, but the iron was inappropriately distributed, with an abnormally high percentage retained in the liver. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that HEPH and CP, and likely MCFs in general, are not essential for intestinal iron absorption but are required for proper systemic iron distribution. They also point to important extra-intestinal roles for HEPH in maintaining whole-body iron homeostasis.
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Key Words
- CP, ceruloplasmin
- Cp-/-, mice lacking CP in the whole body
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FPN1, ferroportin 1
- GI, gastrointestinal
- HCI, hydrochloric acid
- HEPH, hephaestin
- Heph-/-, mice lacking HEPH in the whole body
- Heph-/-Cp-/- or DKO, double-knockout mice lacking both HEPH and CP
- Hephfl/fl, mice with floxed Heph alleles
- Hephfl/flCp-/-, mice with floxed Heph alleles and lacking CP in the whole body
- Hephint/int, mice lacking HEPH in the intestine alone
- Hephint/intCp-/-, mice lacking HEPH in the intestine alone and lacking CP in the whole body
- Hephsla/slaCp-/-, mice lacking CP in the whole body and expressing only the sla mutant form of HEPH
- Intestinal Iron Absorption
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Iron Overload
- MCF, multicopper ferroxidase
- NTBI, non-transferrin bound iron
- Non-Transferrin Bound Iron
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SD, standard deviation
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween-20
- TF, transferrin
- TIBC, total iron binding capacity
- WT, wild-type
- sla, sex-linked anemia
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Finkel L, Hogrefe K, Frey SH, Goldenberg G, Randerath J. It takes two to pantomime: Communication meets motor cognition. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:1008-1017. [PMID: 30003038 PMCID: PMC6039835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For over a century, pantomime of tool use has been employed to diagnose limb apraxia, a disorder of motor cognition primarily induced by left brain damage. While research consistently implicates damage to a left fronto-temporo-parietal network in limb apraxia, findings are inconsistent regarding the impact of damage to anterior versus posterior nodes within this network on pantomime. Complicating matters is the fact that tool use pantomime can be affected and evaluated at multiple levels. For instance, the production of tool use gestures requires the consideration of semantic characteristics (e.g. how to communicate the action intention) as well as motor features (e.g. forming grip and movement). Together, these factors may contribute substantially to apparent discrepancies in previously reported findings regarding neural correlates of tool use pantomime. In the current study, 67 stroke patients with unilateral left-brain damage performed a classic pantomime task. In order to analyze different error characteristics, we evaluated the proper use of grip and movement for each pantomime. For certain objects, healthy subjects may use body parts as representative for the object, e.g. use of the fingers to indicate scissors blades. To specify the pathological use of body parts as the object (BPO) we only assessed pantomime items that were not prone to this response in healthy participants. We performed modern voxel-based lesion analyses on MRI or CT data to determine associations between brain injury and the frequency of the specific types of pantomime errors. Our results support a model in which anterior and posterior nodes of the left fronto-temporo-parietal network contribute differentially to pantomime of tool use. More precisely, damage in the inferior frontal cortex reaching to the temporal pole is associated with an increased frequency of BPO errors, whereas damage to the inferior parietal lobe is predominantly linked to an increased frequency of movement and/or grip errors. Our work suggests that the validity of attempts to specify the neural correlates of limb apraxia based on tool use pantomime depends on differentiating the specific types of errors committed. We conclude that successful tool use pantomime involves dissociable functions with communicative aspects represented in more anterior (rather ventral) regions and motor-cognitive aspects in more posterior (rather dorsal) nodes of a left fronto-temporo-parietal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Finkel
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | | | - Scott H Frey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, USA
| | - Georg Goldenberg
- Technical University Munich, Germany; Medical Practice for Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Randerath
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany.
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Means AL, Freeman TJ, Zhu J, Woodbury LG, Marincola-Smith P, Wu C, Meyer AR, Weaver CJ, Padmanabhan C, An H, Zi J, Wessinger BC, Chaturvedi R, Brown TD, Deane NG, Coffey RJ, Wilson KT, Smith JJ, Sawyers CL, Goldenring JR, Novitskiy SV, Washington MK, Shi C, Beauchamp RD. Epithelial Smad4 Deletion Up-Regulates Inflammation and Promotes Inflammation-Associated Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:257-276. [PMID: 30109253 PMCID: PMC6083016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Chronic inflammation is a predisposing condition for colorectal cancer. Many studies to date have focused on proinflammatory signaling pathways in the colon. Understanding the mechanisms that suppress inflammation, particularly in epithelial cells, is critical for developing therapeutic interventions. Here, we explored the roles of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family signaling through SMAD4 in colonic epithelial cells. Methods The Smad4 gene was deleted specifically in adult murine intestinal epithelium. Colitis was induced by 3 rounds of dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water, after which mice were observed for up to 3 months. Nontransformed mouse colonocyte cell lines and colonoid cultures and human colorectal cancer cell lines were analyzed for responses to TGFβ1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2. Results Dextran sodium sulfate treatment was sufficient to drive carcinogenesis in mice lacking colonic Smad4 expression, with resulting tumors bearing striking resemblance to human colitis-associated carcinoma. Loss of SMAD4 protein was observed in 48% of human colitis-associated carcinoma samples as compared with 19% of sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Loss of Smad4 increased the expression of inflammatory mediators within nontransformed mouse colon epithelial cells in vivo. In vitro analysis of mouse and human colonic epithelial cell lines and organoids indicated that much of this regulation was cell autonomous. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling inhibited the epithelial inflammatory response to proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions TGFβ suppresses the expression of proinflammatory genes in the colon epithelium, and loss of its downstream mediator, SMAD4, is sufficient to initiate inflammation-driven colon cancer. Transcript profiling: GSE100082.
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Key Words
- AOM, azoxymethane
- APC, adenomatous polyposis coli
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CAC, colitis-associated carcinoma
- CCL20, Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CRISPR/Cas9, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Colitis-Associated Carcinoma
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- IMCS4fl/fl, immortalized mouse colonoctye cell line with loxP-flanked Smad4 alleles
- IMCS4null, immortalized mouse colonocyte cell line with deletion of the Smad4 alleles
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PE, phycoerythrin
- R-SMAD, Receptor-SMAD
- SFG, retroviral vector
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TGFβ
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Tumor Necrosis Factor
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- WNT, wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site
- YAMC, young adult mouse colon epithelial cells
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- sgRNA, single-guide RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Means
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tanner J. Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Luke G. Woodbury
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Chao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anne R. Meyer
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Connie J. Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Hanbing An
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jinghuan Zi
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bronson C. Wessinger
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tasia D. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Natasha G. Deane
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J. Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sergey V. Novitskiy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R. Daniel Beauchamp
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Chung JW, Burciu RG, Ofori E, Coombes SA, Christou EA, Okun MS, Hess CW, Vaillancourt DE. Beta-band oscillations in the supplementary motor cortex are modulated by levodopa and associated with functional activity in the basal ganglia. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:559-571. [PMID: 29984164 PMCID: PMC6029579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of acute levodopa administration on movement-related cortical oscillations and movement velocity in Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients with PD on and off medication and age- and sex-matched healthy controls performed a ballistic upper limb flexion movement as fast and accurately as possible while cortical oscillations were recorded with high-density electroencephalography. Patients off medication were also studied using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a force control paradigm. Percent signal change of functional activity during the force control task was calculated for the putamen and subthalamic nucleus (STN) contralateral to the hand tested. We found that patients with PD off medication had an exaggerated movement-related beta-band (13–30 Hz) desynchronization in the supplementary motor area (SMA) compared to controls. In PD, spectral power in the beta-band was correlated with movement velocity. Following an acute dose of levodopa, we observed that the beta-band desynchronization in the SMA was reduced in PD, and was associated with increased movement velocity and increased voltage of agonist muscle activity. Further, using fMRI we found that the functional activity in the putamen and STN in the off medication state, was related to how responsive that cortical oscillations in the SMA of PD were to levodopa. Collectively, these findings provide the first direct evaluation of how movement-related cortical oscillations relate to movement velocity during the ballistic phase of movement in PD and demonstrate that functional brain activity in the basal ganglia pathways relate to the effects of dopaminergic medication on cortical neuronal oscillations during movement. Acute levodopa decreased beta-band desynchronization in the SMA, while improving movement velocity and muscle activity. Beta-band cortical activity during movement is positively correlated with upper limb movement velocity. fMRI in basal ganglia predicted the response of beta-band cortical activity to levodopa.
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Key Words
- BOLD, blood oxygen level dependent
- Ballistic movements
- DBS, deep brain stimulation
- ECoG, electrocorticography
- EEG
- EEG, electroencephalography
- EMG, electromyography
- ERSP, event-related power spectral perturbation
- FDR, false discovery rate
- HC, healthy control
- ICA, independent component analysis
- LFP, local field potential
- Levodopa
- M1, primary motor cortex
- MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
- MEG, magnetoencephalography
- MPA, measure projection analysis
- MVC, maximum voluntary contraction
- MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PD-OFF, off medication (levodopa) day
- PD-ON, on medication (levodopa) day
- PET, positron emission tomography
- Parkinson's disease
- ROI, regions of interest
- S1, primary somatosensory cortex
- SMA, supplementary motor area
- SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta
- STN, subthalamic nucleus
- Supplementary motor area
- fMRI
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- iEMG, integrated electromyography
- rCBF, regional cerebral blood flow
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Chung
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roxana G Burciu
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Edward Ofori
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen A Coombes
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Evangelos A Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neurology and Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Hess
- Department of Neurology and Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology and Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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47
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Romeiro FG, Ietsugu MDV, Franzoni LDC, Augusti L, Alvarez M, Santos LAA, Lima TB, Koga KH, Moriguchi SM, Caramori CA, Silva GF, Betting LEGG. Which of the branched-chain amino acids increases cerebral blood flow in hepatic encephalopathy? A double-blind randomized trial. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:302-310. [PMID: 30013913 PMCID: PMC6044187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids increase the brain perfusion of patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but the amino acid and the mechanisms involved are still unknown. This study compared brain perfusion and clinical improvement during leucine or isoleucine supplementation. After randomization, 27 subjects with cirrhosis and HE received leucine or isoleucine supplements for one year. Brain single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and dynamic brain scintigraphy (DBS) were performed pretreatment and at 1, 8 and 12 months of supplementation. Brain perfusion was increased only in the isoleucine group at 8 months of treatment by both SPECT and DBS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively) and by SPECT at the 12th month (p < 0.05). This was associated with hepatic encephalopathy improvement at 8 and 12 months (p = 0.008 and 0.004, respectively), which was not observed in the leucine group (p = 0.313 and 0.055, respectively). Isoleucine supplementation achieved a better impact on brain perfusion restoration in HE.
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Key Words
- AC, arm circumference
- APMT, adductor pollicis muscle thickness
- BCAA, branched-chain amino acids
- BCKA, branched-chain ketoacids
- BMI, body mass index
- Branched-chain amino acids
- CAMA, corrected mid-arm muscle area
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- Cerebral blood flow
- EEG, electroencephalogram
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase
- GLN, glutamine
- GLU, glutamate
- HE, hepatic encephalopathy
- HGS, handgrip strength
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HRQoL, health-related quality of life
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Liver cirrhosis
- MAMC, mid-arm muscle circumference
- MELD, Model of End-Stage Liver Disease
- NH3, ammonia
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- ROIs, regions of interest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SF-36, 36-item Short-Form General Health Survey
- SPECT, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
- SPM12, Statistical Parametrical Mapping 12
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TSF, triceps skinfold
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
- αKGDH, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomes Romeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Marjorie do Val Ietsugu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Campos Franzoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Laís Augusti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Matheus Alvarez
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Alves Amaral Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Talles Bazeia Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kátia Hiromoto Koga
- Department of Tropical Diseases and Imaging Diagnosis, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n. Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Sônia Marta Moriguchi
- Department of Tropical Diseases and Imaging Diagnosis, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n. Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio Caramori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Gomes Garcia Betting
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n Distrito de Rubião Jr, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
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Senger S, Ingano L, Freire R, Anselmo A, Zhu W, Sadreyev R, Walker WA, Fasano A. Human Fetal-Derived Enterospheres Provide Insights on Intestinal Development and a Novel Model to Study Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC). Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:549-568. [PMID: 29930978 PMCID: PMC6009798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Untreated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can lead to massive inflammation resulting in intestinal necrosis with a high mortality rate in preterm infants. Limited access to human samples and relevant experimental models have hampered progress in NEC pathogenesis. Earlier evidence has suggested that bacterial colonization of an immature and developing intestine can lead to an abnormally high inflammatory response to bacterial bioproducts. The aim of our study was to use human fetal organoids to gain insights into NEC pathogenesis. METHODS RNA sequencing analysis was performed to compare patterns of gene expression in human fetal-derived enterospheres (FEnS) and adult-derived enterospheres (AEnS). Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using computational techniques for dimensional reduction, clustering, and gene set enrichment. Unsupervised cluster analysis, Gene Ontology, and gene pathway analysis were used to predict differences between gene expression of samples. Cell monolayers derived from FEnS and AEnS were evaluated for epithelium function and responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide and commensal bacteria. RESULTS Based on gene expression patterns, FEnS clustered according to their developmental age in 2 distinct groups: early and late FEnS, with the latter more closely resembling AEnS. Genes involved in maturation, gut barrier function, and innate immunity were responsible for these differences. FEnS-derived monolayers exposed to either lipopolysaccharide or commensal Escherichia coli showed that late FEnS activated gene expression of key inflammatory cytokines, whereas early FEnS monolayers did not, owing to decreased expression of nuclear factor-κB-associated machinery. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insights into processes underlying human intestinal development and support the use of FEnS as a relevant human preclinical model for NEC. Accession number of repository for expression data: GSE101531.
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Key Words
- AD, adult duodenal
- AEnS, adult-derived enterospheres
- CLDN, claudin
- CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- Enteroids
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FEnS, fetal-derived enterospheres
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Fetal Organoids
- HIO, human intestinal organoid
- HS, Escherichia coli human commensal isolate
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide A
- MAMP, microbe-associated molecular pattern
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- RPKM, reads per kilobase of transcript per million
- RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- WAE, wound-associated epithelial cells
- ΔΔCT, relative threshold cycle
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Senger
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Ingano
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Freire
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antony Anselmo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weishu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Allan Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Alessio Fasano, MD, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center - MGHfC Harvard Medical School 114 16th Street (114-3501), Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-4404. fax: (617) 724-1731.
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49
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West NE, Corrigan JP, Owen RH, Hoole SP, Brown AJ, Blatcher S, Newby AC. Percutaneous Sampling of Local Biomolecule Gradients Across Coronary Artery Atherosclerotic Plaques. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:646-654. [PMID: 30062180 PMCID: PMC6058996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A percutaneous catheter device, the Liquid Biopsy System, was developed to sample the unstirred boundary layer of blood upstream and downstream of intact and disrupted human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Using multiplexed proximity extension assays, release of 20 biomolecules was simultaneously detected in samples taken across plaques before balloon angioplasty, including the soluble form of the endothelial lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor. Additional biomolecules, including matrix metalloproteinase-12, were released after plaque disruption with angioplasty. These experiments demonstrate the power of the Liquid Biopsy System to yield new scientific insights and its ultimate potential to generate new biomarkers and surrogate endpoints for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick E.J. West
- Papworth Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stephen P. Hoole
- Papworth Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Brown
- Papworth Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew C. Newby
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Address for correspondence: Prof. Andrew C. Newby, British Heart Foundation, Research and Teaching Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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50
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Polonenko MJ, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Delayed access to bilateral input alters cortical organization in children with asymmetric hearing. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 17:415-425. [PMID: 29159054 PMCID: PMC5683809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral hearing in early development protects auditory cortices from reorganizing to prefer the better ear. Yet, such protection could be disrupted by mismatched bilateral input in children with asymmetric hearing who require electric stimulation of the auditory nerve from a cochlear implant in their deaf ear and amplified acoustic sound from a hearing aid in their better ear (bimodal hearing). Cortical responses to bimodal stimulation were measured by electroencephalography in 34 bimodal users and 16 age-matched peers with normal hearing, and compared with the same measures previously reported for 28 age-matched bilateral implant users. Both auditory cortices increasingly favoured the better ear with delay to implanting the deaf ear; the time course mirrored that occurring with delay to bilateral implantation in unilateral implant users. Preference for the implanted ear tended to occur with ongoing implant use when hearing was poor in the non-implanted ear. Speech perception deteriorated with longer deprivation and poorer access to high-frequencies. Thus, cortical preference develops in children with asymmetric hearing but can be avoided by early provision of balanced bimodal stimulation. Although electric and acoustic stimulation differ, these inputs can work sympathetically when used bilaterally given sufficient hearing in the non-implanted ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Jane Polonenko
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Blake Croll Papsin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Karen Ann Gordon
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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