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Tang-Schomer MD, Chandok H, Wu WB, Lau CC, Bookland MJ, George J. 3D patient-derived tumor models to recapitulate pediatric brain tumors In Vitro. Transl Oncol 2022; 20:101407. [PMID: 35381525 PMCID: PMC8980497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Tailored therapies need preclinical brain tumor models representing a wide range of molecular subtypes. Here, we adapted a previously established brain tissue-model to fresh patient tumor cells with the goal of establishing3D in vitro culture conditions for each tumor type.Wereported our findings from 11 pediatric tumor cases, consisting of three medulloblastoma (MB) patients, three ependymoma (EPN) patients, one glioblastoma (GBM) patient, and four juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (Ast) patients. Chemically defined media consisting of a mixture of pro-neural and pro-endothelial cell culture medium was found to support better growth than serum-containing medium for all the tumor cases we tested. 3D scaffold alone was found to support cell heterogeneity and tumor type-dependent spheroid-forming ability; both properties were lost in 2D or gel-only control cultures. Limited in vitro models showed that the number of differentially expressed genes between in vitro vs. primary tissues, are 104 (0.6%) of medulloblastoma, 3,392 (20.2%) of ependymoma, and 576 (3.4%) of astrocytoma, out of total 16,795 protein-coding genes and lincRNAs. Two models derived from a same medulloblastoma patient clustered together with the patient-matched primary tumor tissue; both models were 3D scaffold-only in Neurobasal and EGM 1:1 (v/v) mixture and differed by a 1-mo gap in culture (i.e., 6wk versus 10wk). The genes underlying the in vitrovs. in vivo tissue differences may provide mechanistic insights into the tumor microenvironment. This study is the first step towards establishing a pipeline from patient cells to models to personalized drug testing for brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min D. Tang-Schomer
- UConn Health, Department of Pediatrics, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA,Correspondence author.
| | - Harshpreet Chandok
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Wei-Biao Wu
- University of Chicago, Department of Statistics, 5747 S.Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ching C. Lau
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington St, Hartford, CT 06106, USA,UConn Health, Department of Pediatrics, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Markus J. Bookland
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington St, Hartford, CT 06106, USA,UConn Health, Department of Pediatrics, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Deng H, Li J, Ali Shah A, Lin G, Chen H, Ouyang W. Commonly expressed key transcriptomic profiles of sepsis in the human circulation and brain via integrated analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108518. [PMID: 35032827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units and is characterized by multiple organ failure, including dysfuction of the immune system and brain. This study aims to determine the differential effect of sepsis on specific circulating immune cell subsets compared with brain transcriptome and identify the genes co-expressed by them, so as to identify key genes and regulatory factors involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis induced brain injury and identify novel therapeutic targets. METHODS The GSE133822 and GSE135838 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and utilized for bioinformatics analyses. Functional enrichment analysis was used to identify commonly expressed genes that were differentially expressed between sepsis patients and non-sepsis patients with critical illness; protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were also generated. Then, key transcriptomic biomarkers were further validated in an external dataset from the GEO. We also investigated the expression of key mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and an in-vitro model stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was generated in brain cell lines. RESULTS The transcriptomic profiles of brain tissue were relatively similar as those of specific immune cells. In addition, our validation showed that these key genes were up regulated both in PBMCs in sepsis patients and LPS-treated brain cells. CONCLUSION Brain injury in sepsis was correlated with circulating immune responses, and the expression of DEFA3, MMP8, MMP9 and LCN2 might be potential diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic target in septic brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine & Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, PR China.
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
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Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Szczepankiewicz A, Rybakowski J, Kapelski P, Bilska K, Skibinska M, Reszka E, Lesicka M, Jablonska E, Wieczorek E, Bukowska-Olech E, Pawlak J. Transcriptomic profiling as biological markers of depression - A pilot study in unipolar and bipolar women. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:744-756. [PMID: 33821765 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1907715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A significant challenge in psychiatry is the differential diagnosis of depressive episodes in the course of mood disorders. Gene expression profiling may provide an opportunity for such distinguishment. METHODS We studied differentially expressed genes in women with a depressive episode in the course of unipolar depression (UD) (n = 24) and bipolar disorder types I (BDI) (n = 13) and II (BDII) (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 15). RESULTS Different types of depression varied in the number and type of up or down-regulated genes. The pathway analysis showed: in UD, up-regulated rheumatoid arthritis pathway (including ITGB2, CXCL8, TEK, TLR4 genes), and down-regulated taste transduction pathway (TAS2R10, TAS2R46, TAS2R14, TAS2R43, TAS2R45, TAS2R19, TAS2R13, TAS2R20, GNG13); in BDI, eight down-regulated pathways: glutamatergic synapse, retrograde endocannabinoid signalling, axon guidance, calcium signalling, nicotine addiction, PI3K-Akt signalling, drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, and morphine addiction; in BDII, up-regulated osteoclast differentiation and Notch signalling pathway, and down-regulated type I diabetes mellitus pathway. Distinct expression markers analysis uncovered the unique for UD, up-regulated bladder cancer pathway (HBEGF and CXCL8 genes). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests a probability of differentiating depression in the course of UD, BDI, and II, based on transcriptomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kapelski
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Skibinska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Lesicka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Wang M, Gong J, Bhullar NK. Iron deficiency triggered transcriptome changes in bread wheat. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2709-22. [PMID: 33101609 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of complex transport, storage and regulation mechanisms control iron metabolism and thereby maintain iron homeostasis in plants. Despite several studies on iron deficiency responses in different plant species, these mechanisms remain unclear in the allohexaploid wheat, which is the most widely cultivated commercial crop. We used RNA sequencing to reveal transcriptomic changes in the wheat flag leaves and roots, when subjected to iron limited conditions. We identified 5969 and 2591 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flag leaves and roots, respectively. Genes involved in the synthesis of iron ligands i.e., nicotianamine (NA) and deoxymugineic acid (DMA) were significantly up-regulated during iron deficiency. In total, 337 and 635 genes encoding transporters exhibited altered expression in roots and flag leaves, respectively. Several genes related to MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY (MFS), ATP-BINDING CASSETTE (ABC) transporter superfamily, NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN (NRAMP) family and OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (OPT) family were regulated, indicating their important roles in combating iron deficiency stress. Among the regulatory factors, the genes encoding for transcription factors of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) family were highly up-regulated in both roots and the flag leaves. The jasmonate biosynthesis pathway was significantly altered but with notable expression differences between roots and flag leaves. Homoeologs expression and induction bias analysis revealed subgenome specific differential expression. Our findings provide an integrated overview on regulated molecular processes in response to iron deficiency stress in wheat. This information could potentially serve as a guideline for breeding iron deficiency stress tolerant crops as well as for designing appropriate wheat iron biofortification strategies.
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Key Words
- 3-HMA, 3-hydroxymugineic acid
- ABC, ATP-BINDING CASSETTE
- ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
- AEC, AUXIN EFFLUX CARRIER
- AOC, ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE
- AOS, ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE
- AQP, AQUAPORIN
- AVA, avenic acid
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DMA, deoxymugineic acid
- DMAS, DEOXYMUGINEIC ACID SYNTHASE
- DPA, days post anthesis
- ERF, ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR
- FAD, FATTY ACID DESATURASE
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FIT, FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
- FRO, FERRIC REDUCTASE OXIDASE
- GCN, gene co-expression network
- GO, Gene ontology
- GSH, GLUTATHIONE
- HC, high confidence
- HMA, HEAVY METAL-ASSOCIATED
- IDE, iron deficiency-responsive cis-acting element
- IDEF, IDE BINDING FACTOR
- IHW, independent hypothesis weighting
- ILR3, IAA‐LEUCINE RESISTANT3
- IREG/FPN, IRON REGULATED PROTEIN/FERROPORTIN
- IRT1, IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER
- Iron deficiency
- Iron, Fe
- JAs, jasmonates
- JMT, JASMONATE O-METHYLTRANSFERASE
- KAT, 3-KETOACYL-COA THIOLASE
- LOX, LIPOXYGENASE
- MA, mugineic acid
- MATE, MULTI ANTIMICROBIAL EXTRUSION PROTEIN
- MFS, MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY
- MRP, MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN
- MT, METALLOTHIONEIN
- NA, nicotianamine
- NAAT, NICOTIANAMINE AMINOTRANSFERASE
- NAC, NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM)/ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION FACTOR (ATAF)/CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC)
- NAS, NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE
- NRAMP, NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN
- NRT1/PTR, NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER
- OPCL, 4-COUMARATE COA LIGASE
- OPR, 12-OXOPHYTODIENOATE REDUCTASE
- OPT, OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER
- PDR, PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE
- PLA, PHOSPHOLIPASE A1
- PRI, POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON DEFICIENCY RESPONSE
- PSs, phytosiderophores
- PT, peptide transport
- PYE, POPEYE
- RNA sequencing
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SAMS, S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE SYNTHETASE
- SLC40A1, SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 40 MEMBER 1
- SWEET, SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTERS
- TOM, TRANSPORTER OF MUGINEIC ACID
- Transcriptomic profiles
- VIT, VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER
- Wheat
- YSL, YELLOW STRIPE LIKE
- ZIFL, ZINC INDUCED FACILITATOR-LIKE
- ZIP, ZINC/IRON PERMEASE
- bHLH, BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX
- bZIP, BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER
- epiHDMA, 3-epihydroxy-2′-deoxymugineic acid
- epiHMA, 3-epihydroxymugineic acid
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Xu G, Li J, Liu Q, Sun W, Jiang M, Tian C. Transcriptional analysis of Myceliophthora thermophila on soluble starch and role of regulator AmyR on polysaccharide degradation. Bioresour Technol 2018; 265:558-562. [PMID: 29843921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila has great capacity for biomass degradation and is an attractive option for use as cell factory to produce chemicals directly from renewable polysaccharides, such as starch, rather than monomer glucose. To date, there has been no transcriptomic analysis of this thermophilic fungus on starch. This study determined the transcriptomic profile of M. thermophila responding to soluble starch and a 342-gene set was identified as a "starch regulon", including the major amylolytic enzyme (Mycth_72393). Its overexpression led to increased amylase activities on starch by 35%. Furthermore, overexpressing the key amylolytic enzyme regulator AmyR in M. thermophila significantly increased amylase activity by 30%. Deletion of amyR by the CRISPR/Cas9 system led to the relief of carbon catabolite repression and 3-fold increased lignocellulase activities on cellulose. This study will accelerate rational fungal strain engineering for biochemical production from biomass substrates such as raw corn starch and even crop straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbao Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University. Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University. Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tianjin 300308, China.
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Hou H, Yu Y, Shen Z, Liu S, Wu B. Hepatic transcriptomic responses in mice exposed to arsenic and different fat diet. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:10621-10629. [PMID: 28283972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) or a high-fat diet (HFD) can produce liver injury. However, effects of HFD on risk assessment of iAs in drinking water are unclear. In this study, we examined how HFD and iAs interact to alter iAs-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. Mice fed low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD were exposed to 3 mg/L iAs or deionized water for 10 weeks. Results showed that HFD changed intake and excretion of iAs by mice. Then, HFD increased the amount of iAs-induced hepatic DNA damage and amplified changes in pathways related to cell death and growth, signal transduction, lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling. Compared to gene expression profiles caused by iAs alone or HFD alone, insulin signaling pathway might play important roles in the interactive effects of iAs and HFD. Our data suggest that HFD increases sensitivity of mice to iAs in drinking water, resulting in increased hepatotoxicity. This study highlight that HFD might enhance the risk of iAs hepatotoxicity in iAs-polluted regions. The diet should be considered during risk assessment of iAs in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutant Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutant Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutant Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutant Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutant Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is a histologic diagnosis based on subjective findings. Transcriptional profiles have been used to differentiate normal tissue from disease and could provide a means of identifying malignancy. The goal of this study was to generate and test transcriptomic profiles that differentiate normal from adenocarcinomatous rectum. Comparisons were made between cDNA microarrays derived from normal epithelium and rectal adenocarcinoma. Results were filtered according to standard deviation to retain only highly dysregulated genes. Genes differentially expressed between cancer and normal tissue on two-groups t test (P < 0.05, Bonferroni P value adjustment) were further analyzed. Genes were rank ordered in terms of descending fold change. For each comparison (tumor versus normal epithelium), those 5 genes with the greatest positive fold change were grouped in a classifier. Five separate tests were applied to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of each classifier. Genetic classifiers derived comparing normal epithelium with malignant rectal epithelium from pooled stages had a mean sensitivity and specificity of 99.6% and 98.2%, respectively. The classifiers derived from comparing normal and stage I cancer had comparable mean sensitivities and specificities (97% and 98%, respectively). Areas under the summary receiver-operator characteristic curves for each classifier were 0.981 and 0.972, respectively. One gene was common to both classifiers. Classifiers were tested in an independent Gene Expression Omnibus-derived dataset. Both classifiers retained their predictive properties. Transcriptomic profiles comprising as few as 5 genes are highly accurate in differentiating normal from adenocarcinomatous rectal epithelium, including early-stage disease.
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Zhang L, Ji F, Li M, Cui Y, Wu B. Short-term effects of Dechlorane Plus on the earthworm Eisenia fetida determined by a systems biology approach. J Hazard Mater 2014; 273:239-246. [PMID: 24751489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dechlorane Plus (DP), a chlorinated flame retardant, has been widely detected in environmental matrices, especially in sediment and soil. DP has characteristics similar to persistent organic pollutants. However, no toxicity data of DP on terrestrial invertebrate are available. In this study, earthworms Eisenia fetida were exposed to 0.1, 1, 10, and 50mg/kg DP for 14 days. Lethality, oxidative stress and damage, neurotoxicity, and transcriptomic profiles of E. fetida were assessed on day 7 and day 14 of exposure. Results showed that the acute toxicity of DP was very low. However, DP exposure induced an increase in the oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA) and 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. High throughput sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis showed that DP exposure significantly altered gene expression and pathways related to antioxidant enzymes, stress responses, neurological dysfunctions, calcium binding, and signal transduction. The results from different toxicological endpoints indicate that DP toxicity on the earthworm is primarily through oxidative damage and neurotoxicity. Based on these results, we deduce that changes in oxidative stress and neurotoxicity might be the primary mechanisms of DP toxicity. This study provides insight into the toxicological effects of DP on earthworm model, and may be useful for risk assessment of DP on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Funian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yibin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
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