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Li G, Liu S, Chen Y, Xu H, Qi T, Xiong A, Wang D, Yu F, Weng J, Zeng H. Teriparatide ameliorates articular cartilage degradation and aberrant subchondral bone remodeling in DMM mice. J Orthop Translat 2022; 38:241-255. [PMID: 36514714 PMCID: PMC9731868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder characterized by degeneration of cartilage and abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone (SCB). Teriparatide (PTH (1-34)) is an effective anabolic drug for osteoporosis (OP) and regulates osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor ligand (RANKL)/RANK signaling, which also has a therapeutic effect on KOA by ameliorating cartilage degradation and inhibiting aberrant remodeling of SCB. However, the mechanisms of PTH (1-34) in treating KOA are still uncertain and remain to be explored. Therefore, we compared the effect of PTH (1-34) on the post-traumatic KOA mouse model to explore the potential therapeutic effect and mechanisms. Methods In vivo study, eight-week-old male mice including wild-type (WT) (n = 54) and OPG-/- (n = 54) were investigated and compared. Post-traumatic KOA model was created by destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM). WT mice were randomly assigned into three groups: the sham group (WT-sham; n = 18), the DMM group (WT-DMM; n = 18), and the PTH (1-34)-treated group (WT-DMM + PTH (1-34); n = 18). Similarly, the OPG-/- mice were randomly allocated into three groups as well. The designed mice were executed at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks to evaluate KOA progression. To further explore the chondro-protective of PTH (1-34), the ATDC5 chondrocytes were stimulated with different concentrations of PTH (1-34) in vitro. Results Compared with the WT-sham mice, significant wear of cartilage in terms of reduced cartilage thickness and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss was detected in the WT-DMM mice. PTH (1-34) exhibited cartilage-protective by alleviating wear, retaining the thickness and GAG contents. Moreover, the deterioration of the SCB was alleviated and the expression of PTH1R/OPG/RANKL/RANK were found to increase after PTH (1-34) treatment. Among the OPG-/- mice, the cartilage of the DMM mice displayed typical KOA change with higher OARSI score and thinner cartilage. The damage of the cartilage was alleviated but the abnormal remodeling of SCB didn't show any response to the PTH (1-34) treatment. Compared with the WT-DMM mice, the OPG-/--DMM mice caught more aggressive KOA with thinner cartilage, sever cartilage damage, and more abnormal remodeling of SCB. Moreover, both the damaged cartilage from the WT-DMM mice and the OPG-/--DMM mice were alleviated but only the deterioration of SCB in WT-DMM mice was alleviated after the administration of PTH (1-34). In vitro study, PTH (1-34) could promote the viability of chondrocytes, enhance the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) (AGC, COLII, and SOX9) at the mRNA and protein level, but inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Conclusion Both wear of the cartilage was alleviated and aberrant remodeling of the SCB was inhibited in the WT mice, but only the cartilage-protective effect was observed in the OPG-/- mice. PTH (1-34) exhibited chondro-protective effect by decelerating cartilage degeneration in vivo as well as by promoting the proliferation and enhancing ECM synthesis of chondrocytes in vitro. The current investigation implied that the rescue of the disturbed SCB is dependent on the regulation of OPG while the chondro-protective effect is independent of modulation of OPG, which provides proof for the treatment of KOA. The translational potential of this article Systemic administration of PTH (1-34) could exert a therapeutic effect on both cartilage and SCB in different mechanisms to alleviate KOA progression, which might be a novel therapy for KOA.
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Key Words
- AB, Alican blue
- ADAMTS5, ADAM Metallopeptidase with Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 5
- AGC, Aggrecan
- AGC, aggrecan
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- ARRIVE, Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BV/TV, bone volume fraction
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscope
- COLII, Type II collagen
- COLX, Type X collagen
- Cartilage
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- DMM, destabilization of medical meniscus
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- FBS, fatal bovine serum
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HE, hematoxylin and eosin
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- IL-1β, Interleukin-1β
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- KOA, knee osteoarthritis
- Knee osteoarthritis
- MMP13, Matrix Metallopeptidase 13
- MT, masson's trichrome
- Micro-CT, microcomputer tomography
- NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information
- OARSI, Osteoarthritis Research Society International
- OD, optical density
- OP, osteoporosis
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- OPG−/−, osteoprotegerin-knockout
- Osteoprotegerin (OPG)
- PBS, phosphate buffer solution
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PTH (1–34), Teriparatide
- ROI, region of interest
- RT-qPCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- S.I, subcutaneous injection
- SCB, subchondral bone
- SMI, structure model index
- SOFG, Safranin O-fast green
- SOX9, SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9
- Subchondral bone
- TB, toluidine blue O
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Teriparatide (PTH (1–34))
- WT, wild type
- nM, nMol/L
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
| | - Yixiao Chen
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
| | - Huihui Xu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
| | - Ao Xiong
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- Corresponding author. Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China.
| | - Jian Weng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- Corresponding author. Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518036
- Corresponding author. National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China.
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Overi D, Carpino G, Cristoferi L, Onori P, Kennedy L, Francis H, Zucchini N, Rigamonti C, Viganò M, Floreani A, D’Amato D, Gerussi A, Venere R, Alpini G, Glaser S, Alvaro D, Invernizzi P, Gaudio E, Cardinale V, Carbone M. Role of ductular reaction and ductular-canalicular junctions in identifying severe primary biliary cholangitis. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100556. [PMID: 36267871 PMCID: PMC9576897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholangiopathy characterised by immuno-mediated injury of interlobular bile ducts leading to intrahepatic cholestasis and progressive liver fibrosis. PBC histology is characterised by portal inflammation, progressive fibrosis, ductopenia, and the appearance of the so-called ductular reaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenetic relevance of ductular reaction in PBC. Methods Liver biopsies were collected from naïve people with PBC (N = 87). Clinical-serological parameters were obtained at diagnosis and after 1 year of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. Histological staging was performed on all slides according to multiple scoring systems and criteria for PBC. Liver samples were obtained from Mdr2 -/- mice treated with or without UDCA. Samples were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Results Ductular reaction in people with PBC correlated with the disease stage and liver fibrosis, but not with disease activity; an extensive ductular reaction correlated with serum alkaline phosphatase levels at diagnosis, response to UDCA, and individuals' estimated survival, independently from other histological parameters, including disease stage. In people with PBC, reactive ductules were associated with the establishment of junctions with bile canaliculi and with fibrogenetic cell activation. Consistently, in a mouse model of intrahepatic cholestasis, UDCA treatment was effective in reducing ductular reaction and fibrosis and increasing ductular-canalicular junctions. Conclusions Extensive ductular reaction outlines a severe histologic phenotype in PBC and is associated with an inadequate therapy response and a worse estimated prognosis. Lay summary In people affected by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the histological appearance of extensive ductular reaction identifies individuals at risk of progressive fibrosis. Ductular reaction at diagnosis correlates with the lack of response to first-line therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid and serves to restore ductular-canalicular junctions in people with PBC. Assessing ductular reaction extension at diagnosis may add valuable information for clinicians.
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Key Words
- AE2, anion exchanger 2
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALPt0, ALP at diagnosis
- ALPt12, ALP at 12 months after UDCA therapy
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ALTt0, ALT at diagnosis
- AMA, antimitochondrial antibody
- ANA, antinuclear antibody
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- ASTt0, AST at diagnosis
- BAC, bile acid control
- BIL, bilirubin
- BILt0, BIL at diagnosis
- CA, cholangitis activity
- CK19, cytokeratin 19
- CK7, cytokeratin 7
- Cholangiopathy
- Cholestasis
- DCJ, ductular–canalicular junction
- DCJ/d, DCJ per ductule
- DCJ/pt, DCJ per portal tract
- DR, ductular reaction
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HA, hepatitis activity
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Histology
- IH, intermediate hepatocyte
- Liver biopsy
- MF, myofibroblast
- Muc-1, mucin 1
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative PCR
- Regeneration
- SCTR, secretin receptor
- SQ, semiquantitative
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- ULN, upper limit of normal
- URS, UDCA response score
- Ursodeoxycholic acid
- WT, wild type
- αSMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Rome, Italy,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Rome, Italy. Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135-Rome, Italy. Tel./Fax: +39-06-36733-202..
| | - Laura Cristoferi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Rigamonti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’, Novara, Italy
| | - Mauro Viganò
- Division of Hepatology, Ospedale San Giuseppe, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annarosa Floreani
- Studiosa Senior, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Scientific Consultant, IRCCS Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Daphne D’Amato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessio Gerussi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Venere
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Carbone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Kumar V, Rosenzweig R, Asalla S, Nehra S, Prabhu SD, Bansal SS. TNFR1 Contributes to Activation-Induced Cell Death of Pathological CD4 + T Lymphocytes During Ischemic Heart Failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:1038-1049. [PMID: 36337927 PMCID: PMC9626895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells turn pathological during heart failure (HF). We show that the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR1) increases in HF-activated CD4+ T cells. However, the role of the TNF-α/TNFR1 axis in T-cell activation/proliferation is unknown. We show that TNFR1 neutralization during T-cell activation (ex vivo) or the loss of TNFR1 in adoptively transferred HF-activated CD4+ T cells (in vivo) augments their prosurvival and proliferative signaling. Importantly, TNFR1 neutralization does not affect CD69 expression or the pathological activity of HF-activated TNFR1-/- CD4+ T cells. These results show that during HF TNFR1 plays an important role in quelling prosurvival and proliferative signals in CD4+ T cells without altering their pathological activity.
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Key Words
- AT, adoptive transfer
- HF, heart failure
- IL, interleukin
- LV, left ventricular
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MI, myocardial infarction
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- T lymphocytes
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TNFR1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
- Tcm, memory T cell
- WT, wild type
- heart failure
- left ventricular remodeling
- mLN, mediastinal lymph node
- myocardial infarction
- tumor necrosis factor receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel Rosenzweig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Suman Asalla
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarita Nehra
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shyam S. Bansal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr Shyam S. Bansal, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Geng C, Feng Y, Yang Y, Yang H, Li Z, Tang Y, Wang J, Zhao H. Allergic asthma aggravates angiotensin Ⅱ-induced cardiac remodeling in mice. Transl Res 2022; 244:88-100. [PMID: 35108660 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally, and heart failure (HF) represents its terminal stage. Asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases, has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the link between asthma and HF has rarely been studied, and the possible mechanisms by which asthma affects HF are unclear. This study aimed to explore the influence of asthma on HF and the possible mechanisms. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found a higher prevalence of HF among asthmatic individuals, and identified an independent association between HF and asthma. Subsequently, we produced mice with concurrent ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization-induced allergic asthma and angiotensin Ⅱ infusion-induced cardiac remodeling to explore the effect of asthma on cardiac remodeling in vivo. The results showed that OVA-induced asthma impaired heart function and aggravated cardiac remodeling in mice. We also found that OVA sensitization increased the expression levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum and IgE receptor (FcεR1) in the heart, and enhanced the activation of downstream signaling molecules of IgE-FcεR1 in the heart. Importantly, blockage of IgE-FcεR1 using FcεR1-deficient mice or an anti-IgE antibody prevented asthma-induced decline of cardiac function, and alleviated cardiac remodeling. These findings demonstrate the adverse effects of allergic asthma on the heart, and suggest the potential application of anti-IgE therapy in the treatment of asthma complicated with heart conditions.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ANP, natriuretic peptide type A
- Ang Ⅱ, angiotensin Ⅱ
- BALF, bronchioalveolar lavage fluid
- BMI, body mass index
- BNP, natriuretic peptide type B
- BW, body weight
- CAD, coronary heart disease
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- EF, ejection fraction
- FS, fraction shortening
- HF, heart failure
- HW, heart weight
- IgE, immunoglobulin E
- LVAW, left ventricular anterior wall
- LVID, left ventricular internal dimension
- LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- OVA, ovalbumin
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- WT, wild type
- pSmad2/3, phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 and 3
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- β-MHC, β-myosin heavy chain
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Geng
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Chen S, Dong Y, Qi X, Cao Q, Luo T, Bai Z, He H, Fan Z, Xu L, Xing G, Wang C, Jin Z, Li Z, Chen L, Zhong Y, Wang J, Ge J, Xiao X, Bian X, Wen W, Ren J, Wang H. Aristolochic acids exposure was not the main cause of liver tumorigenesis in adulthood. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2252-2267. [PMID: 35646530 PMCID: PMC9136577 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) have long been considered as a potent carcinogen due to its nephrotoxicity. Aristolochic acid I (AAI) reacts with DNA to form covalent aristolactam (AL)–DNA adducts, leading to subsequent A to T transversion mutation, commonly referred as AA mutational signature. Previous research inferred that AAs were widely implicated in liver cancer throughout Asia. In this study, we explored whether AAs exposure was the main cause of liver cancer in the context of HBV infection in mainland China. Totally 1256 liver cancer samples were randomly retrieved from 3 medical centers and a refined bioanalytical method was used to detect AAI–DNA adducts. 5.10% of these samples could be identified as AAI positive exposure. Whole genome sequencing suggested 8.41% of 107 liver cancer patients exhibited the dominant AA mutational signature, indicating a relatively low overall AAI exposure rate. In animal models, long-term administration of AAI barely increased liver tumorigenesis in adult mice, opposite from its tumor-inducing role when subjected to infant mice. Furthermore, AAI induced dose-dependent accumulation of AA–DNA adduct in target organs in adult mice, with the most detected in kidney instead of liver. Taken together, our data indicate that AA exposure was not the major threat of liver cancer in adulthood.
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Key Words
- AAI, Aristolochic acid I
- AAs, aristolochic acids
- AA–DNA adduct
- AFP, alpha fetoprotein
- AL, aristolactam
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Aristolochic acids (AAs)
- CHERRY, Chinese Electronic Health Records Research
- COSMIC, Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer
- CRE, creatinine
- DEN, N-nitrosodiethylamine
- EHBH, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Liver tumorigenesis
- MVI, microvessel invasion
- Mutational signature
- Risk factors
- SNV, somatic single nucleotide variant
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- Tumor prevention
- WGS, whole genome sequencing
- WT, wild type
- dA-ALI, 7-deoxyadenosin-N6-yl aristolactam I
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Jung JJ, Ahmad AA, Rajendran S, Wei L, Zhang J, Toczek J, Nie L, Kukreja G, Salarian M, Gona K, Ghim M, Chakraborty R, Martin KA, Tellides G, Heistad D, Sadeghi MM. Differential BMP Signaling Mediates the Interplay Between Genetics and Leaflet Numbers in Aortic Valve Calcification. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:333-345. [PMID: 35540096 PMCID: PMC9079798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Expression of a neuropilin-like protein, DCBLD2, is reduced in human calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). DCBLD2-deficient mice develop bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and CAVD, which is more severe in BAV mice compared with tricuspid littermates. In vivo and in vitro studies link this observation to up-regulated bone morphogenic protein (BMP)2 expression in the presence of DCBLD2 down-regulation, and enhanced BMP2 signaling in BAV, indicating that a combination of genetics and BAV promotes aortic valve calcification and stenosis. This pathway may be a therapeutic target to prevent CAVD progression in BAV.
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Key Words
- BAV, bicuspid aortic valve
- BMP, bone morphogenic protein
- CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease
- DCBLD2, discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 2
- EC, endothelial cell
- RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SMAD, homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans Sma and the Drosophila mad, mothers against decapentaplegic
- TAV, tricuspid aortic valve
- VIC, valvular interstitial cell
- WT, wild type
- aortic stenosis
- aortic valve
- bicuspid aortic valve
- calcification
- mouse models
- pVIC, porcine valvular interstitial cell
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Azmi A. Ahmad
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Saranya Rajendran
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Linyan Wei
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lei Nie
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gunjan Kukreja
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mani Salarian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kiran Gona
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mean Ghim
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Tellides
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Donald Heistad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mehran M. Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr Mehran M. Sadeghi, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 770G, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
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Ishitsuka Y, Ogawa T, Nakamura Y, Kubota N, Fujisawa Y, Watanabe R, Okiyama N, Fujimoto M, Roop DR, Ishida-Yamamoto A. Loricrin and NRF2 Coordinate Cornification. JID Innov 2022; 2:100065. [PMID: 35024686 PMCID: PMC8659797 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornification involves cytoskeletal cross-linkages in corneocytes (the brick) and the secretion of lipids/adhesion structures to the interstitial space (the mortar). Because the assembly of lipid envelopes precedes corneocyte maturation, loricrin is supposed to be dispensable for the protection against desiccation. Although the phenotypes of Lor knockout (LKO) mice are obscure, the antioxidative response on the KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway compensates for the structural defect in utero. In this study, we asked how the compensatory response is evoked after the defects are repaired. To this end, the postnatal phenotypes of LKO mice were analyzed with particular attention to the permeability barrier function primarily maintained by the mortar. Ultrastructural analysis revealed substantially thinner cornified cell envelopes and increased numbers of lamellar granules in LKO mice. Superficial epidermal damages triggered the adaptive repairing responses that evoke the NRF2-dependent upregulation of genes associated with lamellar granule secretion in LKO mice. We also found that corneodesmosomes are less degraded in LKO mice. The observation suggests that loricrin and NRF2 are important effectors of cornification, in which proteins need to be secreted, cross-linked, and degraded in a coordinated manner.
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Key Words
- CD, corneodesmosome
- CDSN, corneodesmosin
- CE, cornified envelope
- CEf, immature/fragile cornified envelope
- DKO, Lor–Nrf2 double knockout
- DMF, dimethyl fumarate
- K, keratin
- KC, keratinocyte
- LG, lamellar granule
- LKO, Lor knockout
- LOR, loricrin
- NKO, Nrf2 knockout
- SC, stratum corneum
- SG, stratum granulosum
- TEWL, transepidermal water loss
- TS, tape-stripping
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoko Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology and Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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8
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Qu C, Li QP, Su ZR, Ip SP, Yuan QJ, Xie YL, Xu QQ, Yang W, Huang YF, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Nano-Honokiol ameliorates the cognitive deficits in TgCRND8 mice of Alzheimer's disease via inhibiting neuropathology and modulating gut microbiota. J Adv Res 2022; 35:231-243. [PMID: 35024199 PMCID: PMC8721355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Honokiol (HO) exerts neuroprotective effects in several animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the poor dissolution hampers its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Objectives A novel honokiol nanoscale drug delivery system (Nano-HO) with smaller size and excellent stability was developed in this study to improve the solubility and bioavailability of HO. The anti-AD effects of Nano-HO was determined. Methods Male TgCRND8 mice were daily orally administered Nano-HO or HO at the same dosage (20 mg/kg) for 17 consecutive weeks, followed by assessment of the spatial learning and memory functions using the Morris Water Maze test (MWMT). Results Our pharmacokinetic study indicated that the oral bioavailability was greatly improved by Nano-HO. In addition, Nano-HO significantly improved cognitive deficits and inhibited neuroinflammation via suppressing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the brain, preventing the activation of microglia (IBA-1) and astrocyte (GFAP), and reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the cortex and hippocampus of TgCRND8 mice. Moreover, Nano-HO was more effective than HO in modulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing via suppressing β-secretase, as well as enhancing Aβ-degrading enzymes like neprilysin (NEP). Furthermore, Nano-HO more markedly inhibited tau hyperphosphorylation via decreasing the ratio of p-Tau (Thr 205)/tau and regulating tau-related apoptosis proteins (caspase-3 and Bcl-2). In addition, Nano-HO more markedly attenuated the ratios of p-JNK/JNK and p-35/CDK5, while enhancing the ratio of p-GSK-3β (Ser9)/GSK-3β. Finally, Nano-HO prevented the gut microflora dysbiosis in TgCRND8 mice in a more potent manner than free HO. Conclusion Nano-HO was more potent than free HO in improving cognitive impairments in TgCRND8 mice via inhibiting Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation through suppressing the activation of JNK/CDK5/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Nano-HO also more potently modulated the gut microbiota community to protect its stability than free HO. These results suggest that Nano-HO has good potential for further development into therapeutic agent for AD treatment.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- APH-1, anterior pharynx-defective-1
- APP, amyloid precursor protein
- Aβ, β-amyloid
- BACE-1, β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1
- Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma-2
- CDK5, cyclin-dependent kinase 5
- CMC-Na, sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- Cognitive deficits
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β
- Gut microbiota
- HO, Honokiol
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- Honokiol nanoscale drug delivery system
- IDE, insulin degrading enzyme
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MCT, Medium-chain triglycerides
- MWMT, Morris Water Maze test
- NEP, neprilysin
- NFTs, neurofibrillary tangles
- Nano-HO, honokiol nanoscale drug delivery system
- Neuroinflammation
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDI, poly-dispersity index
- PS-1, presenilin-1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor
- Tau protein hyperphosphorylation
- TgCRND8 mice
- WT, wild type
- ZP, zeta potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Qu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qiao-Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qiu-Ju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - You-Liang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yan-Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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9
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Vagany V, Robinson S, Chernova T, Smith AG. Complex response to physiological and drug-induced hepatic heme demand in monoallelic ALAS1 mice. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100818. [PMID: 34900592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of 5-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1) for nonerythroid heme is critical for respiration, cell signaling mechanisms and steroid/drug metabolism. ALAS1 is induced in some genetic disorders but unlike other genes in the heme pathway, a gene variant of ALAS1 associated with inherited disease has not been reported. BALB/c mice carrying a null ALAS1 allele caused by a βGEO insert were developed and used to determine the consequences of heme demand of a semi gene copy number. Homozygous disruption of ALAS1 (−/−) was lethal for embryo development post day 6.5 but expression in heterozygotes (+/−) was sufficient for the number of offspring and survival. In both wild type (WT +/+) and +/− mice expression of ALAS1 RNA was greatest in liver and harderian gland and much lower in kidney, lung, heart, brain and spleen. The effects of one WT ALAS1 allele in +/− mice on mRNA levels in liver and harderian gland were less marked compared to brain and other organs that were examined. Many other genes were up-regulated by heterozygosity in liver and brain but to a minimal extent. Hepatic heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) mRNA expression was significantly lower in +/− mice but not in brain. No elevated translation of WT allele ALAS1 mRNA was detected in +/− liver as a compensatory mechanism for the disabled allele. Fasting induced ALAS1 mRNA in both WT and +/− mice but only in +/− was this manifest as increased ALAS1 protein. The hepatic protoporphyria-inducing drug 4-ethyl-DDC caused induction of hepatic ALAS1 mRNA and protein levels in both WT and +/− mice but markedly less in the mice with only one intact allele. The findings illustrate the complex response of ALAS1 expression for heme demand but limited evidence that upregulation of a wild type allele can compensate for a null allele.
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Key Words
- 4-ethyl-DDC, 4-ethyl-3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine
- AIP, acute intermittent porphyria
- ALAS1, aminolevulinate synthase 1
- Aminolevulinic acid synthase 1
- Compensation, complex regulation
- FECH, ferrochetalase
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1
- Hepatic response
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Semi null mice
- WT, wild type
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Ito Y, Maejima Y, Nakagama S, Shiheido-Watanabe Y, Tamura N, Sasano T. Rivaroxaban, a Direct Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor, Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Alleviating Factor Xa-PAR2-Mediated Autophagy Suppression. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:964-980. [PMID: 35024502 PMCID: PMC8733676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors showed a mechanism for attenuating atherosclerosis by directly administering an oral factor Xa inhibitor (ie, rivaroxaban [RIV]). The autophagy activity of macrophages was significantly suppressed by factor Xa and was alleviated by the administration of RIV. However, factor Xa failed to inhibit 7-ketocholesterol-induced autophagy and inflammasome activation in protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) knockout macrophages. The atherosclerotic area of apolipoprotein E knockout mice was significantly reduced by the genetic ablation of PAR2, which was partially reversed by chloroquine. Thus, the authors found that RIV attenuates atherogenesis by inhibiting the factor Xa-PAR2-mediated suppression of macrophage autophagy and abrogating inflammasome activity.
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Key Words
- 7KC, 7-ketocholesterol
- ApoE–/–, apolipoprotein E deficient
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CQ, chloroquine
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HFD, high-fat diet
- IL, interleukin
- NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
- PAR2, protease-activated receptor 2
- PB, phosphate buffer
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PLA, proximity ligation assay
- PT, prothrombin time
- WT, wild type
- atherosclerosis
- autophagy
- factor Xa
- inflammasome
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- rivaroxaban
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Nakagama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Shiheido-Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Tamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Qian H, Bai Q, Yang X, Akakpo JY, Ji L, Yang L, Rülicke T, Zatloukal K, Jaeschke H, Ni HM, Ding WX. Dual roles of p62/SQSTM1 in the injury and recovery phases of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3791-805. [PMID: 35024307 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can induce liver injury and is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States. We investigated the role of p62/SQSTM1 (referred to as p62) in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in mice. We found that the hepatic protein levels of p62 dramatically increased at 24 h after APAP treatment, which was inversely correlated with the hepatic levels of APAP-adducts. APAP also activated mTOR at 24 h, which is associated with increased cell proliferation. In contrast, p62 knockout (KO) mice showed increased hepatic levels of APAP-adducts detected by a specific antibody using Western blot analysis but decreased mTOR activation and cell proliferation with aggravated liver injury at 24 h after APAP treatment. Surprisingly, p62 KO mice recovered from AILI whereas the wild-type mice still sustained liver injury at 48 h. We found increased number of infiltrated macrophages in p62 KO mice that were accompanied with decreased hepatic von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelet aggregation, which are associated with increased cell proliferation and improved liver injury at 48 h after APAP treatment. Our data indicate that p62 inhibits the late injury phase of AILI by increasing autophagic selective removal of APAP-adducts and mitochondria but impairs the recovery phase of AILI likely by enhancing hepatic blood coagulation.
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Key Words
- 4EBP-1, translational initiation factor 4E binding protein-1
- AILI, APAP-induced liver injury
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- APAP-AD, APAP-adducts
- Autophagy
- CLEC-2, C-type lectin-like receptor
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E
- Coagulation
- DILI
- GCL, glutamate cysteine ligase
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- Hepatotoxicity
- KC, Kupffer cells
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1
- KIR, KEAP1-interacting region
- KO, knockout
- LC3, microtubule-associated light chain 3
- Liver regeneration
- Macrophage
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NPCs, non-parenchymal cells
- NQO1, NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Platelet
- S6, ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- VWF, von Willebrand factor
- WT, wild type
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12
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Jin J, Wahlang B, Thapa M, Head KZ, Hardesty JE, Srivastava S, Merchant ML, Rai SN, Prough RA, Cave MC. Proteomics and metabolic phenotyping define principal roles for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mouse liver. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3806-3819. [PMID: 35024308 PMCID: PMC8727924 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxin-like molecules have been associated with endocrine disruption and liver disease. To better understand aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) biology, metabolic phenotyping and liver proteomics were performed in mice following ligand-activation or whole-body genetic ablation of this receptor. Male wild type (WT) and Ahr–/– mice (Taconic) were fed a control diet and exposed to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) (61 nmol/kg by gavage) or vehicle for two weeks. PCB126 increased expression of canonical AHR targets (Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2) in WT but not Ahr–/–. Knockouts had increased adiposity with decreased glucose tolerance; smaller livers with increased steatosis and perilipin-2; and paradoxically decreased blood lipids. PCB126 was associated with increased hepatic triglycerides in Ahr–/–. The liver proteome was impacted more so by Ahr–/– genotype than ligand-activation, but top gene ontology (GO) processes were similar. The PCB126-associated liver proteome was Ahr-dependent. Ahr principally regulated liver metabolism (e.g., lipids, xenobiotics, organic acids) and bioenergetics, but it also impacted liver endocrine response (e.g., the insulin receptor) and function, including the production of steroids, hepatokines, and pheromone binding proteins. These effects could have been indirectly mediated by interacting transcription factors or microRNAs. The biologic roles of the AHR and its ligands warrant more research in liver metabolic health and disease.
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Key Words
- AHR
- AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under the curve
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- EPF, enrichment by protein function
- Endocrine disruption
- Environmental liver disease
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- GCR, glucocorticoid receptor
- GO, gene ontology
- H&E, hematoxylin-eosin
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, high fat diet
- IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IPF, interaction by protein function
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MUP, major urinary protein
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NFKBIA, nuclear factor kappa-inhibitor alpha
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl
- PCB126
- PLIN2, perilipin-2
- PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PXR, pregnane-xenobiotic receptor
- Perilipin-2
- Pheromones
- SGK1, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase
- TAFLD, toxicant-associated fatty liver disease
- TASH, toxicant-associated steatohepatitis
- TAT, tyrosine aminotransferase
- TMT, tandem mass tag
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- WT, wild type
- ZFP125, zinc finger protein 125
- miR, microRNA
- nHDLc, non-HDL cholesterol
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13
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Rizzolo D, Kong B, Taylor RE, Brinker A, Goedken M, Buckley B, Guo GL. Bile acid homeostasis in female mice deficient in Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3847-3856. [PMID: 35024311 PMCID: PMC8727763 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic molecules important for metabolism of cholesterol, absorption of lipids and lipid soluble vitamins, bile flow, and regulation of gut microbiome. There are over 30 different BA species known to exist in humans and mice, which are endogenous modulators of at least 6 different membrane or nuclear receptors. This diversity of ligands and receptors play important roles in health and disease; however, the full functions of each individual BA in vivo remain unclear. We generated a mouse model lacking the initiating enzymes, CYP7A1 and CYP27A1, in the two main pathways of BA synthesis. Because females are more susceptible to BA related diseases, such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, we expanded this model into female mice. The null mice of Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1 were crossbred to create double knockout (DKO) mice. BA concentrations in female DKO mice had reductions in serum (63%), liver (83%), gallbladder (94%), and small intestine (85%), as compared to WT mice. Despite low BA levels, DKO mice had a similar expression pattern to that of WT mice for genes involved in BA regulation, synthesis, conjugation, and transport. Additionally, through treatment with a synthetic FXR agonist, GW4064, female DKO mice responded to FXR activation similarly to WT mice.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent BA transporter
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- BA, bile acid
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- Bile acids
- CA, cholic acid
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CYP27A1
- CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase
- CYP2C70, cytochrome P450 2C70
- CYP7A1
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- CYP7B1, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase
- CYP8B1, sterol 12α-hydroxylase
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DKO, double knockout
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- Farnesoid X receptor
- Female
- Fibroblast growth factor 15
- IBABP, intestinal BA-binding protein
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- NTCP, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide
- OATP, organic anion transporters
- OSTα/β, organic solute transporters alpha and beta
- WT, wild type
- βMCA, beta muricholic acid
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Masyuk T, Masyuk A, Trussoni C, Howard B, Ding J, Huang B, LaRusso N. Autophagy-mediated reduction of miR-345 contributes to hepatic cystogenesis in polycystic liver disease. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100345. [PMID: 34568801 PMCID: PMC8449272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is characterised by increased autophagy and reduced miRNA levels in cholangiocytes. Given that autophagy has been implicated in miRNA regulation, we tested the hypothesis that increased autophagy accounts for miRNA reduction in PLD cholangiocytes (PLDCs) and accelerated hepatic cystogenesis. Methods We assessed miRNA levels in cultured normal human cholangiocytes (NHCs), PLDCs, and isolated PLDC autophagosomes by miRNA-sequencing (miRNA-seq), and miRNA targets by mRNA-seq. Levels of miR-345 and miR-345-targeted proteins in livers of animals and humans with PLD, in NHCs and PLDCs, and in PLDCs transfected with pre-miR-345 were assessed by in situ hybridisation (ISH), quantitative PCR, western blotting, and fluorescence confocal microscopy. We also assessed cell proliferation and cyst growth in vitro, and hepatic cystogenesis in vivo. Results In total, 81% of miRNAs were decreased in PLDCs, with levels of 10 miRNAs reduced by more than 10 times; miR-345 was the most-reduced miRNA. In silico analysis and luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-345 targets included cell-cycle and cell-proliferation-related genes [i.e. cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), E2F2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)]; levels of 4 studied miR-345 targets were increased in PLDCs at both the mRNA and protein levels. Transfection of PLDCs with pre-miR-345 increased miR-345 and decreased the expression of miR-345-targeted proteins, cell proliferation, and cyst growth in vitro. MiR-345 accumulated in autophagosomes in PLDCs but not NHCs. Inhibition of autophagy increased miR-345 levels, decreased the expression of miR-345-targeted proteins, and reduced hepatic cystogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Autophagy-mediated reduction of miR-345 in PLDCs (i.e. miRNAutophagy) accelerates hepatic cystogenesis. Inhibition of autophagy restores miR-345 levels, decreases cyst growth, and is beneficial for PLD. Lay summary Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is an incurable genetic disorder characterised by the progressive growth of hepatic cysts. We found that hepatic cystogenesis is increased when the levels of miR-345 in PLD cholangiocytes (PLDCs) are reduced by autophagy. Restoration of miR-345 in PLDCs via inhibition of autophagy decreases hepatic cystogenesis and thus, is beneficial for PLD. The miRNA profile is altered in PLD. MiR-345 is the most-reduced miRNA in PLDCs. The reduction of miR-345 increases PLDC proliferation and hepatic cystogenesis. MiR-345 in PLDCs is regulated by autophagy, termed ‘miRNAutophagy’. Restoration of miR-345 in PLDC is beneficial for PLD.
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Key Words
- ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- ADPLD, autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease
- AGO2, Argonaute 2
- ALG8, alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase
- ALG9, alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase
- ARPKD, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- CDC25A, cell division cycle 25A
- CDK6, cyclin-dependent kinase 6
- Cell cycle-related proteins
- Cholangiocyte proliferation
- Cholangiocytes
- DNAJB11, DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B11
- DZIP1L, DAZ interacting zinc finger protein 1 like
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GANAB, glucosidase II alpha subunit
- GO, Gene Ontology
- Genetic liver diseases
- HCQ, hydroxychloroquine
- ISH, in situ hybridisation
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LRP5, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5
- NHC, normal human cholangiocyte
- NRC, normal rat cholangiocyte
- PCK, polycystic kidney
- PCKC, polycystic kidney rat cholangiocyte
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PKD1/2, polycystic kidney disease 1/2
- PKHD1, polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1
- PLD treatment
- PLD, polycystic liver disease
- PLDC, polycystic liver disease cholangiocyte
- PRKCSH, protein kinase C substrate 80K-H
- RPM, reads per million
- SEC61B, SEC61 translocon subunit beta
- SEC63, SEC63 homolog, protein translocation regulator
- WT, wild type
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miRISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- miRNA-seq, miRNA-sequencing
- snRNA, small nuclear RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anatoliy Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christy Trussoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brynn Howard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jingyi Ding
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bing Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Corresponding author. Address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street, SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Tel: +1 507 284 1006; Fax: +1 507 284 0762.
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Shintani A, Sakata-Haga H, Moriguchi K, Tomosugi M, Sakai D, Tsukada T, Taniguchi M, Asano M, Shimada H, Otani H, Shoji H, Hatta J, Mochizuki T, Hatta T. MC5R Contributes to Sensitivity to UVB Waves and Barrier Function in Mouse Epidermis. JID Innov 2021; 1:100024. [PMID: 34909724 PMCID: PMC8659802 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MC5R is known for its role in the exocrine function of sebaceous glands, but other functions in the epidermis remain unclear. This study focused on the relationship between MC5R and homeostasis in the epidermis and examined the role of MC5R in mice whose skin was irradiated with UVB waves. UVB irradiation-induced skin ulcers and severe inflammation at lower doses in homozygotes of MC5R-deficient (i.e., MC5R -/- ) mice (150 mJ/cm2) than the doses in wild-type mice (500 mJ/cm2). Transepidermal water loss was increased (approximately 10-fold) in adult MC5R -/- mice compared with that in wild-type mice. In neonates, a dye exclusion assay showed no remarkable difference between MC5R -/- and wild-type mice. After UVB irradiation, compared with wild-type mice, MC5R -/- mice showed increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis of the ulcerative region, significantly increased thickness of the epidermis in the nonulcerative region, significantly more prickle cells in the nonulcerative region, and increased serum IL-6 levels but decreased IL-10 levels. Transmission electron microscopy revealed fewer lamellar granules, less lipid secretion, and an expansion of the trans-Golgi network in the epidermis in MC5R -/- mice. This study elucidated the increased sensitivity to UVB irradiation and decreased barrier function in MC5R -/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Shintani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakata-Haga
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Keiichi Moriguchi
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Tomosugi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsukada
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimada
- Department of Medical Science, School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shoji
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Junko Hatta
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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16
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Kruppa D, Peters F, Bornert O, Maler MD, Martin SF, Becker-Pauly C, Nyström A. Distinct contributions of meprins to skin regeneration after injury - Meprin α a physiological processer of pro-collagen VII. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100065. [PMID: 34435182 PMCID: PMC8377016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meprins subtly support epidermal and dermal skin wound healing. Loss of both meprins reduces re-epithelialization and wound macrophage abundance. Meprin α is a physiological maturing proteinase of collagen VII. Meprins are reduced in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa skin.
Astacin-like proteinases (ALPs) are regulators of tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. They convey this property through their ability to convert ECM protein pro-forms to functional mature proteins and by regulating the bioavailability of growth factors that stimulate ECM synthesis. The most studied ALPs in this context are the BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases. The other subclass of ALPs in vertebrates – the meprins, comprised of meprin α and meprin β – are emerging as regulators of tissue and ECM homeostasis but have so far been only limitedly investigated. Here, we functionally assessed the roles of meprins in skin wound healing using mice genetically deficient in one or both meprins. Meprin deficiency did not change the course of macroscopic wound closure. However, subtle but distinct contributions of meprins to the healing process and dermal homeostasis were observed. Loss of both meprins delayed re-epithelialization and reduced macrophage infiltration. Abnormal dermal healing and ECM regeneration was observed in meprin deficient wounds. Our analyses also revealed meprin α as one proteinase responsible for maturation of pro-collagen VII to anchoring fibril-forming-competent collagen VII in vivo. Collectively, our study identifies meprins as subtle players in skin wound healing.
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Key Words
- ALP, astacin-like proteinase
- BSA, bovine serum albumine
- BTP, BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinase
- DAPI, 4′-,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DEJ, dermal epidermal junction
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- FA, formic acid
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fibrosis
- Inflammation
- NC, non-collagenous
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- TBS, tris-buffered saline
- WT, wild type
- Wound healing
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- αSMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kruppa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany.,Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Schlieren / Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bornert
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mareike D Maler
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
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Skertich NJ, Chu F, Tarhoni IA, Szajek S, Borgia JA, Madonna MB. Expression of programmed death ligand 1 in drug-resistant osteosarcoma: An exploratory study. Surg Open Sci 2021; 6:10-4. [PMID: 34386763 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibition of the programmed death ligand 1, programmed death 1 pathway has been successfully used for treatment of multiple advanced adult cancers. However, its use in pediatric osteosarcoma is still in its infancy. In this study, we investigated programmed death ligand 1 and other checkpoint molecules' expression to determine the potential usefulness as targets for drug therapy. Methods We incubated human wild-type osteosarcoma cells with incremental concentrations of doxorubicin to create a doxorubicin-resistant cell line. Matrigel in vitro invasion assays were used to compare invasiveness. Comparative programmed death ligand 1 expression was evaluated by Western blot assays. An immuno-oncology checkpoint protein panel was used to compare concentrations of 16 other checkpoint molecules. Chi-square tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to determine significant differences. Results A doxorubicin-resistant cell line was successfully created and was significantly more invasive than wild-type cells (0.47 vs 0.07, P < .001). On Western blot assay, doxorubicin-resistant but not wild-type cells expressed programmed death ligand 1. Doxorubicin-resistant cells had significantly higher levels of T-cell immunoglobulin-3 and cluster of differentiation 86 and higher cluster of differentiation 27, cluster of differentiation 40, lymphocyte-activation gene-3, cluster of differentiation 80, programmed death ligand 1, programmed death ligand 2, and inducible T-cell costimulatory expression than wild-type cells. Both lines expressed B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator, cluster of differentiation 28, herpesvirus entry mediator, and programmed death 1. Herpesvirus entry mediator, cluster of differentiation 40, and programmed death ligand 2 were also present in the culture media of both cell lines. Conclusion Doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma seems to express higher programmed death ligand 1 than nonresistant wild-type cells. Benchmarking checkpoint molecules may provide the basis for future studies that elucidate pathways of drug resistance and tumor metastasis, biomarkers for cancer prognosis or recurrence, and future targets for directed drug therapy.
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Key Words
- BTLA, B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator
- CD27, cluster of differentiation 27
- CD28, cluster of differentiation 28
- CD40, cluster of differentiation 40
- CD80, cluster of differentiation 80
- CD86, cluster of differentiation 86
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- DoxR, doxorubicin resistant
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GITR, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein
- GITRL, ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR
- HVEM, herpesvirus entry mediator
- ICOS, inducible T-cell costimulatory (ICOS)
- LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene-3
- PD-1, programmed death 1
- PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1
- PD-L2, programmed death ligand 2
- TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin-3
- TLR-2, Toll like receptor 2
- WT, wild type
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18
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Upert G, Luther A, Obrecht D, Ermert P. Emerging peptide antibiotics with therapeutic potential. Med Drug Discov 2021; 9:100078. [PMID: 33398258 PMCID: PMC7773004 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers some of the recent progress in the field of peptide antibiotics with a focus on compounds with novel or established mode of action and with demonstrated efficacy in animal infection models. Novel drug discovery approaches, linear and macrocyclic peptide antibiotics, lipopeptides like the polymyxins as well as peptides addressing targets located in the plasma membrane or in the outer membrane of bacterial cells are discussed.
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Key Words
- ADMET, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion – toxicity in pharmacokinetics
- AMP, antimicrobial peptide
- AMR, antimicrobial resistance
- ATCC, ATCC cell collection
- Antibiotic
- BAM, β-barrel assembly machinery
- CC50, cytotoxic concentration to kill 50% of cells
- CD, circular dichroism
- CFU, colony forming unit
- CLSI, clinical and laboratory standards institute
- CMS, colistin methane sulfonate
- DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- ESKAPE, acronym encompassing six bacterial pathogens (often carrying antibiotic resistance): Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp
- FDA, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
- HABP, hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia
- HDP, host-defense peptide
- HEK293, human embryonic kidney 293 cells
- HK-2, human kidney 2 cells (proximal tubular cell line)
- HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
- Hpg, 4-hydroxy-phenyl glycine
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae metallo-β-lactamase C resistant
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LptA, lipopolysaccharide transport protein A
- LptC, lipopolysaccharide transport protein C
- LptD, lipopolysaccharide transport protein D
- MDR, multidrug-resistant
- MH-I, Müller-Hinton broth I
- MH-II, Müller-Hinton broth II (cation adjusted)
- MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration
- MRSA, methicilline-resistant S. aureus
- MSSA, methicilline-sensitive S. aureus
- MoA, mechanism (mode) of action
- NDM-1, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase resistant
- NOAEL, no adverse effect level
- ODL, odilorhabdin
- OMPTA (outer membrane targeting antibiotic)
- OMPTA, outer membrane targeting antibiotic
- Omp, outer membrane protein
- PBMC, peripheral mononuclear blood cell
- PBP, penicillin-binding protein
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- POPG, 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-glycerol)
- PrAMPs, polyproline antimicrobial peptides
- RBC, red blood cell
- SAR, structure-activity relationship
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- SPase I, signal peptidase I
- VABP, ventilator associated bacterial pneumonia
- VIM-1, beta-lactamase 2 (K. pneumoniae)
- VISA, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus
- VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
- WHO, World Health Organization
- WT, wild type
- WTA, wall teichoic acid
- XDR, extremely drug-resistant
- antimicrobial peptide
- antimicrobial resistance
- bid, bis in die (two times a day)
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- i.v., intravenous
- lipopeptide
- mITT population, minimal intend-to-treat population
- peptide antibiotic
- s.c., subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Upert
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Anatol Luther
- Bachem AG, Hauptstrasse 114, 4416 Bubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Obrecht
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Ermert
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Lin Y, Huang J. Characterization of an algal phosphomannose isomerase gene and its application as a selectable marker for genetic manipulation of tomato. Plant Divers 2021; 43:63-70. [PMID: 33778226 PMCID: PMC7987571 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a transgenic plant largely relies on a selectable marker gene that can confer antibiotic or herbicide resistance to plant cells. The existence of such selectable marker genes in genetically modified foods has long been criticized. Plant cells generally exhibit too low an activity of phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) to grow with mannose as a sole carbon source. In this study, we characterized PMI from the green microalga Chlorococcum sp. and assessed its feasibility as a selectable marker for plant biotechnology. Chlorococcum sp. PMI (ChlPMI) was shown to be closely related to higher plants but more distant to bacterial counterparts. Overexpression of ChlPMI in tomato induced callus and shoot formation in media containing mannose (6 g/L) and had an average transformation rate of 3.9%. Based on this transformation system, a polycistronic gene cluster containing crtB, HpBHY, CrBKT and SlLCYB (BBBB) was co-expressed in a different tomato cultivar. Six putative transformants were achieved with a transformation rate of 1.4%, which produced significant amounts of astaxanthin due to the expression of the BBBB genes. Taken together, these findings indicate that we have established an additional tool for plant biotechnology that may be suitable for genetically modifying foods safely.
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Key Words
- Algae
- Astaxanthin
- BHY, β-carotene hydroxylase
- BKT, β-carotene ketolase
- Chl, Chlorococcum sp
- LCYB, Lycopene β-cyclase
- MS, Murashige and Skoog
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PMI, phosphomannose isomerase
- PSY, phytoene synthase
- Phosphomannose isomerase
- RACE, Rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- Tomato
- Transformation
- UPLC, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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20
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Cohen D, Ghosh S, Shimakawa Y, Ramou N, Garcia PS, Dubois A, Guillot C, Kakwata-Nkor Deluce N, Tilloy V, Durand G, Voegele C, Ndow G, d'Alessandro U, Brochier-Armanet C, Alain S, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Hall J, Zoulim F, Mendy M, Thursz M, Lemoine M, Chemin I. Hepatitis B virus preS2Δ38-55 variants: A newly identified risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100144. [PMID: 32904132 PMCID: PMC7452365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although HBV is a major cause of death in Africa, its genetic variability has been poorly documented. This study aimed to address whether HBV genotype and surface gene variants are associated with HBV-related liver disease in The Gambia. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested in the Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa programme. Consecutive treatment-naive patients with chronic HBV infection and detectable viral load were recruited: 211 controls with no significant liver disease and 91 cases (56 cirrhosis and 35 HCC cases). HBV genotypes and surface gene variants were determined by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing (NGS) in serum DNA. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-specific codon 249 TP53 mutation was determined by NGS in circulating cell-free plasma DNA. RESULTS In phylogenetic analysis, 85% of individuals carried HBV genotype E, 14% genotype A, and 1% A/E recombinant viruses. Surface gene variants were more frequently observed in cases (43% and 57% in cirrhosis and HCC cases, respectively) than controls (25%; p <0.001), with preS2 deletions between nucleotides 38-55 (preS2Δ38-55) being the main genetic variant detected. In multivariable analysis, HBeAg seropositivity, low HBsAg levels, and HDV seropositivity were significantly associated with cirrhosis and HCC, whilst older age, higher viral load, genotype A, preS2Δ38-55, and AFB1 exposure were only associated with HCC. There was a multiplicative joint effect of preS2Δ38-55 variants with HBeAg seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 43.1 [10.4-177.7]), high viral load >2,000 IU/ml (OR 22.7 [8.0-64.9]), HBsAg levels <10,000 IU/ml (OR 19.0 [5.5-65.3]), and AFB1 exposure (OR 29.3 [3.7-230.4]) on HCC risk. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a hotspot for HBV preS2 deletions as a strong independent factor for HCC in The Gambia, with HBV genotypes and AFB1 exposure contributing to the high liver cancer risk. LAY SUMMARY Although HBV-related liver disease is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, the associated virological characteristics are poorly studied. Using clinical data from African patients chronically infected with HBV, an assessment of the virological variability (genotypes and mutations) and exposure to AFB1, a toxin often contaminating food, was carried out. Our results show that HBV genotypes, the presence of a highly prevalent mutant form of HBV, and AFB1 exposure contribute to the high liver cancer risk in this population.
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Key Words
- AFB1, aflatoxin B1
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- Aflatoxin B1
- Africa
- Carcinogenesis
- Cirrhosis
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Genotype
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LSM, liver stiffness measurement
- NBS1, Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- OR, odds ratio
- PROLIFICA, Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa
- PreS deletion
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- SSA, sub-Saharan Africa
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Cohen
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sumantra Ghosh
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Njie Ramou
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Simon Garcia
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Institut de Biologie et de Chimie des Protéines 7 passage du Vercors, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Anaëlle Dubois
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Guillot
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nora Kakwata-Nkor Deluce
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Tilloy
- Microbiology Department, CHU Limoges, Genomic Platform GenoLim, UMR Inserm 1092/FR CNRS 145 GEIST, Faculté de Médecine-Université de Limoges, CHU Dupuytren, CBRS, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Gibril Ndow
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Umberto d'Alessandro
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Alain
- Microbiology Department, CHU Limoges, Genomic Platform GenoLim, UMR Inserm 1092/FR CNRS 145 GEIST, Faculté de Médecine-Université de Limoges, CHU Dupuytren, CBRS, Limoges, France
| | | | - Janet Hall
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Hepatology, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maimuna Mendy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Liver Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Liver Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Mathur B, Arif W, Patton ME, Faiyaz R, Liu J, Yeh J, Harpavat S, Schoonjans K, Kalsotra A, Wheatley AM, Anakk S. Transcriptomic analysis across liver diseases reveals disease-modulating activation of constitutive androstane receptor in cholestasis. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100140. [PMID: 32875282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Liver diseases are caused by many factors, such as genetics, nutrition, and viruses. Therefore, it is important to delineate transcriptomic changes that occur in various liver diseases. Methods We performed high-throughput sequencing of mouse livers with diverse types of injuries, including cholestasis, diet-induced steatosis, and partial hepatectomy. Comparative analysis of liver transcriptome from mice and human samples of viral infections (HBV and HCV), alcoholic hepatitis (AH), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and biliary atresia revealed distinct and overlapping gene profiles associated with liver diseases. We hypothesised that discrete molecular signatures could be utilised to assess therapeutic outcomes. We focused on cholestasis to test and validate the hypothesis using pharmacological approaches. Results Here, we report significant overlap in the expression of inflammatory and proliferation-related genes across liver diseases. However, cholestatic livers were unique and displayed robust induction of genes involved in drug metabolism. Consistently, we found that constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation is crucial for the induction of the drug metabolic gene programme in cholestasis. When challenged, cholestatic mice were protected against zoxazolamine-induced paralysis and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. These protective effects were diminished upon inhibition of CAR activity. Further, drug metabolic genes were also induced in the livers from a subset of biliary atresia patients, but not in HBV and HCV infections, AH, or NASH. We also found a higher expression of CYP2B6, a CAR target, in the livers of biliary atresia patients, underscoring the clinical importance of our findings. Conclusions Comparative transcriptome analysis of different liver disorders revealed specific induction of phase I and II metabolic genes in cholestasis. Our results demonstrate that CAR activation may lead to variations in drug metabolism and clinical outcomes in biliary atresia. Lay summary Transcriptomic analysis of diverse liver diseases revealed alterations in common and distinct pathways. Specifically, in cholestasis, we found that detoxification genes and their activity are increased. Thus, cholestatic patients may have an unintended consequence on drug metabolism and not only have a beneficial effect against liver toxicity, but also may require adjustments to their therapeutic dosage. Cell cycle, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis are some of the common pathways altered in a variety of liver disorders. Phase I and II metabolic genes are induced in Fxr−/−Shp−/− double knockouts (DKOs) and bile-acid-fed control mice. Activation of xeno-sensor, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), is observed in cholestasis. Inhibiting CAR activity in DKO mice exacerbates zoxazolamine-induced paralysis and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. A subset of patients with biliary atresia display increased expression of CAR target protein CYP2B6.
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Key Words
- AH, alcoholic hepatitis
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Bile acids
- CA, cholic acid
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- Cholestasis
- Cytochrome p450
- DKO, double knockout
- Drug metabolism
- FXRKO, FXR knockout
- Fxr, farnesoid X receptor
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- GSH, glutathione disulphide
- Liver diseases
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Nuclear receptors
- PCN, pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile
- PHx, partial hepatectomy
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- SHPKO, SHP knockout
- Shp, small heterodimer partner
- Transcriptomics
- WT, wild type
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22
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Liu Y, Zhou K, Li J, Agvanian S, Caldaruse AM, Shaw S, Hitzeman TC, Shaw RM, Hong T. In Mice Subjected to Chronic Stress, Exogenous cBIN1 Preserves Calcium-Handling Machinery and Cardiac Function. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:561-578. [PMID: 32613144 PMCID: PMC7315191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is an important, and growing, cause of morbidity and mortality. Half of patients with heart failure have preserved ejection fraction, for whom therapeutic options are limited. Here we report that cardiac bridging integrator 1 gene therapy to maintain subcellular membrane compartments within cardiomyocytes can stabilize intracellular distribution of calcium-handling machinery, preserving diastolic function in hearts stressed by chronic beta agonist stimulation and pressure overload. This study identifies that maintenance of intracellular architecture and, in particular, membrane microdomains at t-tubules, is important in the setting of sympathetic stress. Stabilization of membrane microdomains may be a pathway for future therapeutic development.
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Key Words
- AAV9, adeno-associated virus 9
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AR, adrenergic receptor
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- BW, body weight
- CAMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- Di-8-ANNEPs, 4-[2-[6-(Dioctylamino)-2-naphthalenyl]ethenyl]-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-pyridinium, inner salt
- EC, excitation contraction
- EDV, end diastolic volume
- EF, ejection fraction
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HF, heart failure
- HR, heart rate
- HT, heterozygote
- HW, heart weight
- ISO, isoproterenol
- LSD, least significant difference
- LTCC, voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel
- LV, left ventricular
- LW, lung weight
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PLN, phospholamban
- RWT, relative wall thickness
- RyR, ryanodine receptor
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SERCA2a, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump 2a
- SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum
- STORM, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
- TAC, transverse aortic constriction
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- WT, wild type
- cBIN1, cardiac bridging integrator 1
- diastolic dysfunction
- heart failure
- jSR, junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum
- pressure overload
- sympathetic overdrive
- t-tubule
- t-tubule, transverse-tubule
- vg, vector genome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Zhou
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jing Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sosse Agvanian
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Seiji Shaw
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara C Hitzeman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robin M Shaw
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - TingTing Hong
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.,Departments of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Ma X, Shang X, Qin X, Lu J, Liu M, Wang X. Characterization of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1b2 knockout rats generated by CRISPR/Cas9: a novel model for drug transport and hyperbilirubinemia disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:850-860. [PMID: 32528832 PMCID: PMC7276679 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3 (OATP1B1/3) as important uptake transporters play a fundamental role in the transportation of exogenous drugs and endogenous substances into cells. Rat OATP1B2, encoded by the Slco1b2 gene, is homologous to human OATP1B1/3. Although OATP1B1/3 is very important, few animal models can be used to study its properties. In this report, we successfully constructed the Slco1b2 knockout (KO) rat model via using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the first time. The novel rat model showed the absence of OATP1B2 protein expression, with no off-target effects as well as compensatory regulation of other transporters. Further pharmacokinetic study of pitavastatin, a typical substrate of OATP1B2, confirmed the OATP1B2 function was absent. Since bilirubin and bile acids are the substrates of OATP1B2, the contents of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and total bile acids in serum are significantly higher in Slco1b2 KO rats than the data of wild-type rats. These results are consistent with the symptoms caused by the absence of OATP1B1/3 in Rotor syndrome. Therefore, this rat model is not only a powerful tool for the study of OATP1B2-mediated drug transportation, but also a good disease model to study hyperbilirubinemia-related diseases.
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Key Words
- A/G, albumin/globulin ratio
- ADRs, adverse drug reactions
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUC, the area under the time–plasma concentration curve
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CL/F, clearance/bioavailability
- CR, reatinine
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- CRISPR/Cas9
- Chr, chromosome
- Cmax, peak concentration
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- DBL, direct bilirubin
- DDI, drug–drug interaction
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FDA, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GLB, globulin
- GLU, glucose
- HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HE, haemotoxylin and eosin
- HMG, hydroxymethylglutaryl
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HZ, heterozygous
- IBIL, indirect bilirubin
- IS, internal standard solution
- KO, knockout
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MC, methylcellulose
- MRT, mean residence time
- NC, nitrocellulose
- OATP1B1/3
- OATP1B1/3, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3
- OATP1B2
- OATPs, organic anion transporting polypeptides
- PAM, protospacer adjacent motif
- PMSG, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
- R-GT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase
- Rat model
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SLC, solute carrier
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- T-CH, total cholesterol
- T7E I, T7 endonuclease I
- TALEN, transcription activator-like effector nuclease
- TBA, total bile acid
- TBL, total bilirubin
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline Tween 20
- TG, triglyceride
- TP, total protein
- Tmax, peak time
- Transporter
- UA, uric acid
- Ugt1a1, UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1
- Vd/F, the apparent volume of distribution/bioavailability
- WT, wild type
- ZFN, zinc-finger nucleases
- crRNA, mature CRISPR RNA
- p.o., peroral
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Wang
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 24206564; fax: +86 21 5434 4922.
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Nishimura H, Kawasaki M, Tsukamoto M, Menuki K, Suzuki H, Matsuura T, Baba K, Motojima Y, Fujitani T, Ohnishi H, Yamanaka Y, Kosugi K, Okada Y, Tokuda K, Tajima T, Yoshioka T, Okimoto N, Ueta Y, Sakai A. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and 4 double knockout leads to increased bone mass in mice. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100268. [PMID: 32373678 PMCID: PMC7191598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium balance is important in bone homeostasis. The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel is a nonselective cation channel permeable to calcium and is activated by various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. TRPV1 and TRPV4, in particular, have important roles in intracellular Ca2+ signaling and extracellular calcium homeostasis in bone cells. TRPV1 and TRPV4 separately mediate osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, and deficiency in any of these channels leads to increased bone mass. However, it remains unknown whether bone mass increases in the absence of both TRPV1 and TRPV4. In this study, we used TRPV1 and TRPV4 double knockout (DKO) mice to evaluate their bone mass in vivo, and osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Our results showed that DKO mice and wild type (WT) mice had no significant difference in body weight and femur length. However, the results of dual-energy X-ray absorption, microcomputed tomography, and bone histomorphometry clearly showed that DKO mice had higher bone mass than WT mice. Furthermore, DKO mice had less multinucleated osteoclasts and had lower bone resorption. In addition, the results of cell culture using flushed bone marrow from mouse femurs and tibias showed that osteoclast differentiation was suppressed, whereas osteoblast differentiation was promoted in DKO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that the increase in bone mass in DKO mice was induced not only by the suppression of osteoclast differentiation and activity but also by the augmentation of osteoblast differentiation and activity. Our findings reveal that both the single deficiency of TRPVs and the concurrent deficiency of TRPVs result in an increase in bone mass. Furthermore, our data showed that DKO mice and single KO mice had varying approaches to osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation in vitro, and therefore, it is important to conduct further studies on TRPVs regarding the increase in bone mass to explore not only individual but also a combination of TRPVs. Knockout of either TRPV1 or TRPV4 results in increased bone mass in mice. This study evaluates the effects of TRPV1 and TRPV4 double knockout (DKO) in mice. Concurrent TRPV1 and TRPV4 deficiency increases mouse bone mass. TRPV1 and TRPV4 DKO suppresses osteoclast differentiation and activity. TRPV1 and TRPV4 DKO enhances osteoblast differentiation and activity.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- Bone histomorphometry
- CB, cannabinoid
- CT, computed tomography
- Cell culture
- DKO, double knock out
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorption
- MNCs, multinucleated cells
- Micro-CT
- Osteogenesis
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- POc, preosteoclast
- Preosteoclast
- RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand
- TRACP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- TRPV, transient receptor potential vanilloid
- Transient receptor potential vanilloid
- V1KO, TRPV1 knock out
- V4KO, TRPV4 knock out
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Nishimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kunitaka Menuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Baba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Motojima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Teruaki Fujitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Kosugi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tokuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshioka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shimura Hospital, 3-13 Funairimachi Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0841, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Okimoto
- Okimoto Clinic, 185-4 Yutakamachikubi, Kure, Hiroshima 734-0304, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Wang Q, Bai L, Luo S, Wang T, Yang F, Xia J, Wang H, Ma K, Liu M, Wu S, Wang H, Guo S, Sun X, Xiao Q. TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated Cl - channel inhibition ameliorates acute pancreatitis via the IP 3R/Ca 2+/NFκB/IL-6 signaling pathway. J Adv Res 2020; 23:25-35. [PMID: 32071789 PMCID: PMC7016042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl- channels are expressed in pancreatic acinar cells and participate in inflammation-associated diseases. Whether TMEM16A contributes to the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) remains unknown. Here, we found that increased TMEM16A expression in the pancreatic tissue was correlated with the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in the pancreatic tissue and in the serum of a cerulein-induced AP mouse model. IL-6 treatment promoted TMEM16A expression in AR42J pancreatic acinar cells via the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. In addition, TMEM16A was co-immunoprecipitated with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and was activated by IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release. TMEM16A inhibition reduced the IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release induced by cerulein. Furthermore, TMEM16A overexpression activated nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and increased IL-6 release by increasing intracellular Ca2+. TMEM16A knockdown by shRNAs reduced the cerulein-induced NFκB activation by Ca2+. TMEM16A inhibitors inhibited NFκB activation by decreasing channel activity and reducing TMEM16A protein levels in AR42J cells, and it ameliorated pancreatic damage in cerulein-induced AP mice. This study identifies a novel mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AP by which IL-6 promotes TMEM16A expression via IL-6R/STAT3 signaling activation, and TMEM16A overexpression increases IL-6 secretion via IP3R/Ca2+/NFκB signaling activation in pancreatic acinar cells. TMEM16A inhibition may be a new potential strategy for treating AP.
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Key Words
- AP, acute pancreatitis
- Acute pancreatitis
- BAPTA-AM, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid-acetyloxymethyl ester
- CCK, cholesystokinin
- CFBE, cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial
- CaCCinh-A01, Ca2+-activated Cl− channel inhibitor-A01
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFP, green fluorescent protein
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HEPES, N-2-hydroxyethil-piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IL-6R, interleukin 6 receptor
- IP3R, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
- Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
- Interleukin-6
- NFκB
- NFκB, nuclear factor-κB
- NMDG, N-methyl-D-glucamine
- NP-40, Nonidet P-40
- PACs, pancreatic acinar cells
- RIPA, radio immunoprecipitation assay
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
- T16Ainh-A01, TMEM16A inhibitor-A01
- TMEM16A
- Tris, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
- WT, wild type
- shRNAs, short hairpin RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.,Department of Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Lichuan Bai
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuya Luo
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jialin Xia
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shibin Guo
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Hirakata S, Aoki H, Ohno-Urabe S, Nishihara M, Furusho A, Nishida N, Ito S, Hayashi M, Yasukawa H, Imaizumi T, Hiromatsu S, Tanaka H, Fukumoto Y. Genetic Deletion of Socs3 in Smooth Muscle Cells Ameliorates Aortic Dissection in Mice. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:126-144. [PMID: 32140621 PMCID: PMC7046542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stat3, a major signaling molecule for proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, was activated both in inflammatory cells and in SMC in the aortic walls of human AD and mouse AD model. SMC-specific deletion of Socs3 enhanced Stat3 activation in SMC, induced moderate proinflammatory response in the aortic walls, and ameliorated AD in mice. SmSocs3-KO aortas showed increases in fibroblasts, adventitial collagen fibers, and tensile strength of the aortic walls. IL-6-stimulated SMC in culture secreted humoral factor(s) that promoted proliferative response of fibroblasts.
Aortic dissection (AD) is the acute destruction of aortic wall and is reportedly induced by inflammatory response. Here we investigated the role of smooth muscle Socs3 (a negative regulator of Janus kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling) in AD pathogenesis using a mouse model generated via β-aminopropionitrile and angiotensin II infusion. Socs3 deletion specifically in smooth muscle cells yielded a chronic inflammatory response of the aortic wall, which was associated with increased fibroblasts, reinforced aortic tensile strength, and less-severe tissue destruction. Although an acute inflammatory response is detrimental in AD, smooth muscle-regulated inflammatory response seemed protective against AD.
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Key Words
- AD, aortic dissection
- AngII, angiotensin II
- BAPN, β-aminopropionitrile
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- IL, interleukin
- Jak/Stat
- Jnk, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- KO, knockout
- Lox, lysyl oxidase
- SM2, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain
- SMA, smooth muscle α-actin
- SMC, smooth muscle cell
- SMemb, embryonic isoform of myosin heavy chain
- Socs, suppressor of cytokine signaling
- Stat, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- WT, wild type
- aortic dissection
- inflammation
- p, phosphorylated
- smSocs3-KO, knockout of the smooth muscle cell Socs3
- smooth muscle cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Hirakata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Hiroki Aoki, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Satoko Ohno-Urabe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Michihide Nishihara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Aya Furusho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Norifumi Nishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Makiko Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasukawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Sinichi Hiromatsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Lu J, Shang X, Zhong W, Xu Y, Shi R, Wang X. New insights of CYP1A in endogenous metabolism: a focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms and diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:91-104. [PMID: 31998606 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), one of the major CYP subfamily in humans, not only metabolizes xenobiotics including clinical drugs and pollutants in the environment, but also mediates the biotransformation of important endogenous substances. In particular, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for CYP1A genes may affect the metabolic ability of endogenous substances, leading to some physiological or pathological changes in humans. This review first summarizes the metabolism of endogenous substances by CYP1A, and then introduces the research progress of CYP1A SNPs, especially the research related to human diseases. Finally, the relationship between SNPs and diseases is discussed. In addition, potential animal models for CYP1A gene editing are summarized. In conclusion, CYP1A plays an important role in maintaining the health in the body.
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Key Words
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- CYP1A
- EOAs, cis-epoxyoctadecenoics
- Endogenous substances
- FSH, follicle stimulating hormone
- HODEs, hydroxyoctadecdienoic acids
- IQ, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline
- KO, knockout
- LIF/STAT3, inhibiting leukemia inhibitory factor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Metabolism and disease
- PhIP, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine
- SNPs
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- WT, wild type
- Xenobiotics
- t-RA, all-trans-retinoic acid
- t-ROH, all-trans-retinol
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Yi W, Tu MJ, Liu Z, Zhang C, Batra N, Yu AX, Yu AM. Bioengineered miR-328-3p modulates GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism to exert synergistic antiproliferative effects with chemotherapeutics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:159-170. [PMID: 31993313 PMCID: PMC6976971 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small noncoding RNAs derived from genome to control target gene expression. Recently we have developed a novel platform permitting high-yield production of bioengineered miRNA agents (BERA). This study is to produce and utilize novel fully-humanized BERA/miR-328-3p molecule (hBERA/miR-328) to delineate the role of miR-328-3p in controlling nutrient uptake essential for cell metabolism. We first demonstrated successful high-level expression of hBERA/miR-328 in bacteria and purification to high degree of homogeneity (>98%). Biologic miR-328-3p prodrug was selectively processed to miR-328-3p to suppress the growth of highly-proliferative human osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Besides glucose transporter protein type 1, gene symbol solute carrier family 2 member 1 (GLUT1/SLC2A1), we identified and verified large neutral amino acid transporter 1, gene symbol solute carrier family 7 member 5 (LAT1/SLC7A5) as a direct target for miR-328-3p. While reduction of LAT1 protein levels by miR-328-3p did not alter homeostasis of amino acids within OS cells, suppression of GLUT1 led to a significantly lower glucose uptake and decline in intracellular levels of glucose and glycolytic metabolite lactate. Moreover, combination treatment with hBERA/miR-328 and cisplatin or doxorubicin exerted a strong synergism in the inhibition of OS cell proliferation. These findings support the utility of novel bioengineered RNA molecules and establish an important role of miR-328-3p in the control of nutrient transport and homeostasis behind cancer metabolism.
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Key Words
- 2-NBDG, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxyglucose
- ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2
- ACN, acetonitrile
- Au/Uv, absorbance unit of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
- BCRP, breast cancer resistant protein
- BERA, bioengineered miRNA agent
- Bioengineered RNA
- CI, combination index
- CPT, cisplatin
- Cancer
- Chemosensitivity
- DOX, doxorubicin
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FPLC, fast protein liquid chromatography
- Fa, fraction affected
- GLUT1
- GLUT1, glucose transporter protein type 1
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IS, internal standard
- KRB, Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate
- LAT1
- LAT1, large neutral amino acid transporter 1
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy
- MCT4, monocarboxylate transporter 4
- MRE, miRNA response elements
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MiR-328
- OS, osteosarcoma
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PVDF, Polyvinylidene fluoride
- RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products
- RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SLC2A1, 7A5, 16A3, solute carrier family 2 member 1, family 7 member 5, family 16 member 3
- WT, wild type
- hBERA, humanized bioengineered miRNA agent
- hsa, Homo sapiens
- htRNASer, human seryl-tRNA
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miR or miRNA, microRNA
- ncRNA, noncoding RNAs
- nt, nucleotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Neelu Batra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
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Prud'homme M, Coutrot M, Michel T, Boutin L, Genest M, Poirier F, Launay JM, Kane B, Kinugasa S, Prakoura N, Vandermeersch S, Cohen-Solal A, Delcayre C, Samuel JL, Mehta R, Gayat E, Mebazaa A, Chadjichristos CE, Legrand M. Acute Kidney Injury Induces Remote Cardiac Damage and Dysfunction Through the Galectin-3 Pathway. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:717-732. [PMID: 31709320 PMCID: PMC6834958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 2 different mouse models, AKI increased Gal-3 expression and induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac and systemic inflammation, cardiac macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis. Cardiac consequences of AKI were dependent on the Gal-3 pathway and were prevented using Gal-3 knockout mice or modified citrus pectin as a pharmaceutical inhibitor. Cardiac Gal-3 expression resulted from bone marrow-derived immune cells recruitment after AKI. In critically ill patients, development of AKI is associated with increased plasma Gal-3 levels and increased biomarkers of cardiac injury and damage.
Acute kidney injury is associated with increased risk of heart failure and mortality. This study demonstrates that acute kidney injury induces remote cardiac dysfunction, damage, injury, and fibrosis via a galectin-3 (Gal-3) dependent pathway. Gal-3 originates from bone marrow-derived immune cells. Cardiac damage could be prevented by blocking this pathway.
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Key Words
- AKI, acute kidney injury
- BM, bone marrow
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- Cr, creatinine
- Gal-3, galectin-3
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- ICU, intensive care unit
- IL, interleukin
- IR, ischemia-reperfusion
- KDIGO, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome
- KO, knock-out
- MCP, modified citrus pectin
- NT-proBNP, N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction
- WT, wild type
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- fibrosis
- heart failure
- inflammation
- macrophages
- renal failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Prud'homme
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Coutrot
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France.,AP-HP, St-Louis-Lariboisière Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Michel
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France
| | - Louis Boutin
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France.,AP-HP, St-Louis-Lariboisière Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Magali Genest
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S 1155, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Institut Jacques Monod, Team: Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France
| | - Bocar Kane
- UMS-28 Phénotypage du petit animal, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Alain Cohen-Solal
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France.,Cardiology Department, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Claude Delcayre
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France
| | - Jane-Lise Samuel
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France
| | - Ravindra Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Etienne Gayat
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France.,AP-HP, St-Louis-Lariboisière Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France.,AP-HP, St-Louis-Lariboisière Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Matthieu Legrand
- INSERM UMR-S 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, and INI-CRCT-F-CRIN, Paris, France.,AP-HP, St-Louis-Lariboisière Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and peri-operative Care, University of California San Francisco, United States
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Singer J, Achatz-straussberger G, Bentley-lukschal A, Fazekas-singer J, Achatz G, Karagiannis SN, Jensen-jarolim E. AllergoOncology: High innate IgE levels are decisive for the survival of cancer-bearing mice. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100044. [PMID: 31388397 PMCID: PMC6669725 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atopics have a lower risk for malignancies, and IgE targeted to tumors is superior to IgG in fighting cancer. Whether IgE-mediated innate or adaptive immune surveillance can confer protection against tumors remains unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate the effects of active and passive immunotherapy to the tumor-associated antigen HER-2 in three murine models differing in Epsilon-B-cell-receptor expression affecting the levels of expressed IgE. Methods We compared the levels of several serum specific anti-HER-2 antibodies (IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgA) and the survival rates in low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice lacking the transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain of Epsilon-B-cell-receptors expressing reduced IgE levels, high-IgE KN1 mice expressing chimeric Epsilon-Gamma1-B-cell receptors with 4-6-fold elevated serum IgE levels, and wild type (WT) BALB/c. Prior engrafting mice with D2F2/E2 mammary tumors overexpressing HER-2, mice were vaccinated with HER-2 or vehicle control PBS using the Th2-adjuvant Al(OH)3 (active immunotherapy), or treated with the murine anti-HER-2 IgG1 antibody 4D5 (passive immunotherapy). Results Overall, among the three strains of mice, HER-2 vaccination induced significantly higher levels of HER-2 specific IgE and IgG1 in high-IgE KN1, while low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice had higher IgG2a levels. HER-2 vaccination and passive immunotherapy prolonged the survival in tumor-grafted WT and low-IgE ΔM1M2 strains compared with treatment controls; active vaccination provided the highest benefit. Notably, untreated high-IgE KN1 mice displayed the longest survival of all strains, which could not be further extended by active or passive immunotherapy. Conclusion Active and passive immunotherapies prolong survival in wild type and low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice engrafted with mammary tumors. High-IgE KN1 mice have an innate survival benefit following tumor challenge.
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Key Words
- ADCC, Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
- ADCP, Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis
- AllergoOncology
- BCR, B-Cell Receptor
- Cancer vaccine
- HER-2
- HER-2, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2, ErbB-2
- IgA, Immunoglobulin A
- IgE
- IgE, Immunoglobulin E
- IgG, Immunoglobulin G
- Onco-immunology
- TAA, Tumor-Associated Antigen
- WT, wild type
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31
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Komenoi S, Suzuki Y, Asami M, Murakami C, Hoshino F, Chiba S, Takahashi D, Kado S, Sakane F. Microarray analysis of gene expression in the diacylglycerol kinase η knockout mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 19:100660. [PMID: 31297456 PMCID: PMC6597918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have revealed that diacylglycerol kinase η (DGKη)-knockout (KO) mice display bipolar disorder (BPD) remedy-sensitive mania-like behaviors. However, the molecular mechanisms causing the mania-like abnormal behaviors remain unclear. In the present study, microarray analysis was performed to determine global changes in gene expression in the DGKη-KO mouse brain. We found that the DGKη-KO brain had 43 differentially expressed genes and the following five affected biological pathways: "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction", "transcription by RNA polymerase II", "cytosolic calcium ion concentration", "Jak-STAT signaling pathway" and "ERK1/2 cascade". Interestingly, mRNA levels of prolactin and growth hormone, which are augmented in BPD patients and model animals, were most strongly increased. Notably, all five biological pathways include at least one gene among prolactin, growth hormone, forkhead box P3, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and interleukin 1β, which were previously implicated in BPD. Consistent with the microarray data, phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels were decreased in the DGKη-KO brain. Microarray analysis showed that the expression levels of several glycerolipid metabolism-related genes were also changed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that several polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phosphatidic acid (PA) molecular species were significantly decreased as a result of DGKη deficiency, suggesting that the decrease affects PUFA metabolism. Intriguingly, the PUFA-containing lysoPA species were markedly decreased in DGKη-KO mouse blood. Taken together, our study provides not only key broad knowledge to gain novel insights into the underlying mechanisms for the mania-like behaviors but also information for developing BPD diagnostics.
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Key Words
- BPD, bipolar disorder
- Bipolar disorder
- DAVID, Database for AnnotationVisualization and Integrated Discovery
- DG, diacylglycerol
- DGK, diacylglycerol kinase
- Diacylglycerol kinase
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- Fpr2, N-formyl peptide receptor 2
- GO:BP, Gene Ontology: Biological Process
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- Gh, growth hormone
- Glp1r, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
- Growth hormone
- Il1b, interleukin 1β
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- KO, knockout
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- Lysophosphatidic acid
- MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
- Phosphatidic acid
- Prl, prolactin
- Prolactin
- SERT, serotonin transporter
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Komenoi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Maho Asami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fumi Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sohei Chiba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kado
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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Gardner GT, Travers JG, Qian J, Liu GS, Haghighi K, Robbins N, Jiang M, Li Y, Fan GC, Rubinstein J, Blaxall BC, Kranias EG. Phosphorylation of Hsp20 Promotes Fibrotic Remodeling and Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:188-199. [PMID: 31061921 PMCID: PMC6488766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte-specific increases in phosphorylated Hsp20 (S16D-Hsp20) to levels similar to those observed in human failing hearts are associated with early fibrotic remodeling and depressed left ventricular function, symptoms which progress to heart failure and early death. The underlying mechanisms appear to involve translocation of phosphorylated Hsp20 to the nucleus and upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, which subsequently activates cardiac fibroblasts in a paracrine fashion through transcription factor STAT3 signaling. Accordingly, treatment of S16D-Hsp20 mice with a rat anti-mouse IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (MR16-1) attenuated interstitial fibrosis and preserved cardiac function. These findings suggest that phosphorylated Hsp20 may be a potential therapeutic target in heart failure.
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Key Words
- Ccl2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
- Ccl3, C-C motif chemokine ligand 3
- Col1a1, collagen 1A1
- Col3A1, collagen 3A1
- ECM, extra-cellular matrix
- Hsp, heat shock protein
- Hsp20
- I/R, ischemia/reperfusion
- IL, interleukin
- IL-6
- Postn, periostin
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TG, transgenic
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- WT, wild type
- fibroblast
- heart failure
- remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joshua G Travers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Guan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kobra Haghighi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nathan Robbins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Molecular Biology Division, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Clements KN, Miller TH, Keever JM, Hall AM, Issa FA. Social Status-Related Differences in Motor Activity Between Wild-Type and Mutant Zebrafish. Biol Bull 2018; 235:71-82. [PMID: 30358446 DOI: 10.1086/699514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Use of zebrafish as a model organism in biomedical research has led to the generation of many genetically modified mutant lines to investigate various aspects of developmental and cellular processes. However, the broader effects of the underlying mutations on social and motor behavior remain poorly examined. Here, we compared the dynamics of social interactions in the Tüpfel long-fin nacre mutant line, which lacks skin pigmentation, to wild-type zebrafish; and we determined whether status-dependent differences in escape and swimming behavior existed within each strain. We show that despite similarities in aggressive activity, Tüpfel long-fin nacre pairs exhibit unstable social relationships characterized by frequent reversals in social dominance compared to wild-type pairs. The lack of strong dominance relationships in Tüpfel long-fin nacre pairs correlates with weak territoriality and overlapping spatial distribution of dominants and subordinates. Conversely, wild-type dominants displayed strong territoriality that severely limited the movement of subordinates. Additionally, the sensitivity of the startle escape response was significantly higher in wild-type subordinates compared to dominants. However, status-related differences in sensitivity of escape response in Tüpfel long-fin nacre pairs were absent. Finally, we present evidence suggesting that these differences could be a consequence of a disruption of proper visual social signals. We show that in wild-type pairs dominants are more conspicuous, and that in wild-type and Tüpfel long-fin nacre pairings wild-type fish are more likely to dominate Tüpfel long-fin nacres. Our results serve as a cautionary note in research design when morphologically engineered zebrafish for color differences are utilized in the study of social behavior and central nervous system function.
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Iijima H, Iwano R, Tanaka Y, Muroya K, Fukuda T, Sugie H, Kurosawa K, Adachi M. Analysis of GBE1 mutations via protein expression studies in glycogen storage disease type IV: A report on a non-progressive form with a literature review. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 17:31-37. [PMID: 30228975 PMCID: PMC6140619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV), caused by GBE1 mutations, has a quite wide phenotypic variation. While the classic hepatic form and the perinatal/neonatal neuromuscular forms result in early mortality, milder manifestations include non-progressive form (NP-GSD IV) and adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD). Thus far, only one clinical case of a patient with compound heterozygous mutations has been reported for the molecular analysis of NP-GSD IV. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular basis in a NP-GSD IV patient via protein expression analysis and to obtain a clearer genotype-phenotype relationship in GSD IV. Case presentation A Japanese boy presented hepatosplenomegaly at 2 years of age. Developmental delay, neurological symptoms, and cardiac dysfunction were not apparent. Observation of hepatocytes with periodic acid-Schiff-positive materials resistant to diastase, coupled with resolution of hepatosplenomegaly at 8 years of age, yielded a diagnosis of NP-GSD IV. Glycogen branching enzyme activity was decreased in erythrocytes. At 13 years of age, he developed epilepsy, which was successfully controlled by carbamazepine. Molecular analysis In this study, we identified compound heterozygous GBE1 mutations (p.Gln46Pro and p.Glu609Lys). The branching activities of the mutant proteins expressed using E. coli were examined in a reaction with starch. The result showed that both mutants had approximately 50% activity of the wild type protein. Conclusion This is the second clinical report of a NP-GSD IV patient with a definite molecular elucidation. Based on the clinical and genotypic overlapping between NP-GSD IV and APBD, we suggest both are in a continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Iijima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa 2-138-4, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
| | - Reiko Iwano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa 2-138-4, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
| | - Yukichi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa 2-138-4, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa 2-138-4, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
| | - Tokiko Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, 1-20-1 Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideo Sugie
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Sena, 1-22-1 Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-0911, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa 2-138-4, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Adachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa 2-138-4, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
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Kumar A, Jaiswal V, Kumar V, Dey A, Kumar A. Functional redundancy in Echinocandin B in-cluster transcription factor ecdB of Emericella rugulosa NRRL 11440. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2018; 19:e00264. [PMID: 29992098 PMCID: PMC6036647 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Echinocandin B is a potent antifungal against the majority of fungal pathogens and its biosynthesis occurred by ecd and hty gene clusters in Emericella rugulosa NRRL 11440. We elucidated the functional necessity of in-clustered transcription factor; ecdB in the production of echinocandin B. We deleted the ecdB gene and found that ΔecdB mutant has no significant effect on echinocandin B production. The expression level of most of the ecd and hty cluster genes was not significantly altered except few of them up-regulated in knockout strain. The complete abrogation in ecdB gene expression was observed in ΔecdB strain. However, the interactions of purified EcdB protein with DNA sequence of ecdA, ecdH, ecdK and ecdI promoter was confirmed in-vitro. Our results conclude that EcdB protein in-vitro binds to the ecdA, ecdH, ecdK and ecdI promoter but in-vivo, it could not significantly affect the gene expression and echinocandin B production in Emericella rugulosa.
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Key Words
- Arg, Arginine
- Biosynthetic regulation
- CTAB, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
- ECB, echinocandin B
- Echinocandin B
- Emericella rugulosa
- Functional redundancy
- GMM, glucose minimal medium
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- ICU, intensive care unit
- In-clustered transcription factor
- MEGA, molecular evolutionary genetics analysis
- MP, maximum parsimony
- ORF, open reading frame
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SPR, subtree-pruning-regrafting
- TF, transcription factor
- UTR, un-translated region
- WT, wild type
- YG, yeast glucose medium
- bp, base pair
- d, day
- h, hour
- kb, kilo base pair
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Biological Science (Biotechnology), Central University of South Bihar, BIT Campus, P.O. B. V. College, Patna, 800014, India
| | - Varun Jaiswal
- School of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Shoolini University, Oachghat-Kumarhatti Highway, Bajol, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amitava Dey
- Division of Livestock and Fisheries Management, ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Phulwari Road, Patna, 800014, India
| | - Antresh Kumar
- Centre for Biological Science (Biotechnology), Central University of South Bihar, BIT Campus, P.O. B. V. College, Patna, 800014, India
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Xu H, Li J, Chen H, Ghishan FK. NHE8 Deficiency Promotes Colitis-Associated Cancer in Mice via Expansion of Lgr5-Expressing Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:19-31. [PMID: 30465020 PMCID: PMC6240644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lgr5 overexpression has been detected in colorectal cancers (CRCs), including some cases of colitis-associated CRCs. In colitis-associated CRCs, chronic inflammation is a contributing factor in carcinogenesis. We recently reported that intestinal Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8) plays an important role in intestinal mucosal protection and that loss of NHE8 expression results in an ulcerative colitis-like condition. Therefore, we hypothesized that NHE8 may be involved in the development of intestinal tumors. METHODS We assessed NHE8 expression in human CRCs by immunohistochemistry and studied tumor burden in NHE8 knockout (KO) mice using an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate colon cancer model. We also evaluated cell proliferation in HT29NHE8KO cells and assessed tumor growth in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice xenografted with HT29NHE8KO cells. To verify if a relationship exists between Lgr5 and NHE8 expression, we analyzed Lgr5 expression in NHE8KO mice by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Lgr5 expression and cell proliferation in the absence of NHE8 were confirmed in colonic organoid cultures. The expression of β-catenin and c-Myc also were analyzed to evaluate Wnt/β-catenin activation. RESULTS NHE8 was undetectable in human CRC tissues. Although only 9% of NHE8 wild-type mice showed tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate colon cancer model, almost 10 times more NHE8KO mice (89%) developed tumors. In the absence of NHE8, a higher colony formation unit was discovered in HT29NHE8KO cells. In NSG mice, larger tumors developed at the site where HT29NHE8KO cells were injected compared with HT29NHE8 wild type cells. Furthermore, NHE8 deficiency resulted in increased Lgr5 expression in the colon, in HT29-derived tumors, and in colonoids. The absence of NHE8 also increased Wnt/β-catenin activation. CONCLUSIONS NHE8 might be an intrinsic factor that regulates Wnt/β-catenin in the intestine.
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Key Words
- AOM, azoxymethane
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CRISPR/Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Colorectal Tumor
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorter
- KO, knockout
- Lgr5
- NHE, Na+/H+ exchanger
- NHE8
- NSG, NOD scid gamma
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- WT, wild type
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Fayez K. Ghishan, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724. fax: (520) 626-4141.
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Yang J, Zheng X, Mahdi A, Zhou Z, Tratsiakovich Y, Jiao T, Kiss A, Kövamees O, Alvarsson M, Catrina SB, Lundberg JO, Brismar K, Pernow J. Red Blood Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Impair Cardiac Post-Ischemic Recovery Through an Arginase-Dependent Modulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Reactive Oxygen Species. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:450-63. [PMID: 30175269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RBCs from mice and patients with type 2 diabetes have increased arginase activity and production of reactive oxygen species. RBCs from mice and patients with type 2 diabetes aggravate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Inhibition of arginase in RBCs from mice and patients with type 2 diabetes improves post-ischemic myocardial recovery via reduced oxidative stress. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in RBC reduces oxidative stress and restores post-ischemic myocardial functional recovery. These data demonstrate a novel disease mechanism by which RBC drive post-ischemic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
This study tested the hypothesis that red blood cell (RBC) arginase represents a potential therapeutic target in ischemia-reperfusion in type 2 diabetes. Post-ischemic cardiac recovery was impaired in hearts from db/db mice compared with wild-type hearts. RBCs from mice and patients with type 2 diabetes attenuated post-ischemic cardiac recovery of nondiabetic hearts. This impaired cardiac recovery was reversed by inhibition of RBCs arginase or nitric oxide synthase. The results suggest that RBCs from type 2 diabetics impair cardiac tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion via a pathway involving arginase activity and nitric oxide synthase-dependent oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- ABH, 2 (S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid
- KH, Krebs-Henseleit
- L-NAME, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
- LVDP, left ventricular developed pressure
- LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- RBC, red blood cell
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- WT, wild type
- arginase
- dP/dt, the first derivative of left ventricular pressure
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iNOS, inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase
- nitric oxide synthase
- nor-NOHA, Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine
- reactive oxygen species
- red blood cells
- type 2 diabetes
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Ferrebee CB, Li J, Haywood J, Pachura K, Robinson BS, Hinrichs BH, Jones RM, Rao A, Dawson PA. Organic Solute Transporter α-β Protects Ileal Enterocytes From Bile Acid-Induced Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:499-522. [PMID: 29930976 PMCID: PMC6009794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ileal bile acid absorption is mediated by uptake via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), and export via the basolateral heteromeric organic solute transporter α-β (OSTα-OSTβ). In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of enterocyte bile acid stasis in Ostα-/- mice, including the temporal relationship between intestinal injury and initiation of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. METHODS Ileal tissue morphometry, histology, markers of cell proliferation, gene, and protein expression were analyzed in male and female wild-type and Ostα-/- mice at postnatal days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30. Ostα-/-Asbt-/- mice were generated and analyzed. Bile acid activation of intestinal Nrf2-activated pathways was investigated in Drosophila. RESULTS As early as day 5, Ostα-/- mice showed significantly increased ileal weight per length, decreased villus height, and increased epithelial cell proliferation. This correlated with premature expression of the Asbt and induction of bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor target genes in neonatal Ostα-/- mice. Expression of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-1 and Nrf2-anti-oxidant responsive genes were increased significantly in neonatal Ostα-/- mice at these postnatal time points. Bile acids also activated Nrf2 in Drosophila enterocytes and enterocyte-specific knockdown of Nrf2 increased sensitivity of flies to bile acid-induced toxicity. Inactivation of the Asbt prevented the changes in ileal morphology and induction of anti-oxidant response genes in Ostα-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Early in postnatal development, loss of Ostα leads to bile acid accumulation, oxidative stress, and a restitution response in ileum. In addition to its essential role in maintaining bile acid homeostasis, Ostα-Ostβ functions to protect the ileal epithelium against bile acid-induced injury. NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus: GSE99579.
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Key Words
- ARE, anti-oxidant response element
- Asbt, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- Drosophila
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GFP, green fluorescence protein
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSSG, oxidized glutathione
- Ibabp, ileal bile acid binding protein
- Ileum
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- Neonate
- Nox, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
- Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2
- Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2
- Ost, organic solute transporter
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling
- WT, wild type
- cRNA, complementary RNA
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney B. Ferrebee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jamie Haywood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kimberly Pachura
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Rheinallt M. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anuradha Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paul A. Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
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Waldron RT, Su HY, Piplani H, Capri J, Cohn W, Whitelegge JP, Faull KF, Sakkiah S, Abrol R, Yang W, Zhou B, Freeman MR, Pandol SJ, Lugea A. Ethanol Induced Disordering of Pancreatic Acinar Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum: An ER Stress/Defective Unfolded Protein Response Model. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:479-97. [PMID: 29930975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heavy alcohol drinking is associated with pancreatitis, whereas moderate intake lowers the risk. Mice fed ethanol long term show no pancreas damage unless adaptive/protective responses mediating proteostasis are disrupted. Pancreatic acini synthesize digestive enzymes (largely serine hydrolases) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where perturbations (eg, alcohol consumption) activate adaptive unfolded protein responses orchestrated by spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Here, we examined ethanol-induced early structural changes in pancreatic ER proteins. METHODS Wild-type and Xbp1+/- mice were fed control and ethanol diets, then tissues were homogenized and fractionated. ER proteins were labeled with a cysteine-reactive probe, isotope-coded affinity tag to obtain a novel pancreatic redox ER proteome. Specific labeling of active serine hydrolases in ER with fluorophosphonate desthiobiotin also was characterized proteomically. Protein structural perturbation by redox changes was evaluated further in molecular dynamic simulations. RESULTS Ethanol feeding and Xbp1 genetic inhibition altered ER redox balance and destabilized key proteins. Proteomic data and molecular dynamic simulations of Carboxyl ester lipase (Cel), a unique serine hydrolase active within ER, showed an uncoupled disulfide bond involving Cel Cys266, Cel dimerization, ER retention, and complex formation in ethanol-fed, XBP1-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Results documented in ethanol-fed mice lacking sufficient spliced XBP1 illustrate consequences of ER stress extended by preventing unfolded protein response from fully restoring pancreatic acinar cell proteostasis during ethanol-induced redox challenge. In this model, orderly protein folding and transport to the secretory pathway were disrupted, and abundant molecules including Cel with perturbed structures were retained in ER, promoting ER stress-related pancreas pathology.
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Key Words
- %-ox, percentage oxidized
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- Alcohol Pancreatitis
- Carboxyl Ester Lipase
- Cel, carboxyl ester lipase
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- Disulfide Bond
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERAD, endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation
- FAEE, fatty acid ethyl esters
- FP, fluorophosphonate
- ICAT, isotope-coded affinity tags
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- MW, molecular weight
- RER, rough ER
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- Unfolded Protein Response
- WT, wild type
- sXBP1, spliced X box-binding protein 1
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Strubberg AM, Liu J, Walker NM, Stefanski CD, MacLeod RJ, Magness ST, Clarke LL. Cftr Modulates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Stem Cell Proliferation in Murine Intestine. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 5:253-271. [PMID: 29675451 PMCID: PMC5904038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and CF mouse models have increased risk for gastrointestinal tumors. CF mice show augmented intestinal proliferation of unknown etiology and an altered intestinal environment. We examined the role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, stem cell proliferation, and its functional expression in the active intestinal stem cell (ISC) population. Dysregulation of intracellular pH (pHi) in CF ISCs was investigated for facilitation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. METHODS Crypt epithelia from wild-type (WT) and CF mice were compared ex vivo and in intestinal organoids (enteroids) for proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling by standard assays. Cftr in ISCs was assessed by immunoblot of sorted Sox9 enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) intestinal epithelia and pHi regulation by confocal microfluorimetry of leucine-rich G-protein-coupled receptor 5 ISCs. Plasma membrane association of the Wnt transducer Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2) was assessed by fluorescence imaging of live enteroids from WT and CF mice crossed with Dvl2-EGFP/ACTB-tdTomato,-EGFP)Luo/J (RosamT/mG) mice. RESULTS Relative to WT, CF intestinal crypts showed an ∼30% increase in epithelial and Lgr5+ ISC proliferation and increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cftr was expressed in Sox9EGFPLo ISCs and loss of Cftr induced an alkaline pHi in ISCs. CF crypt-base columnar cells showed a generalized increase in plasma membrane Dvl2-EGFP association as compared with WT. Dvl2-EGFP membrane association was charge- and pH-dependent and increased in WT crypt-base columnar cells by Cftr inhibition. CONCLUSIONS CF intestine shows increased ISC proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Loss of Cftr increases pHi in ISCs, which stabilizes the plasma membrane association of the Wnt transducer Dvl, likely facilitating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Absence of Cftr-dependent suppression of ISC proliferation in the CF intestine may contribute to increased risk for intestinal tumors.
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Key Words
- CBC, crypt-base columnar cell
- CCH, carbachol
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- Cftr, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Cystic Fibrosis
- DEP, Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin
- Dishevelled
- Dvl, Dishevelled
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine
- Fz, Frizzled
- GI, gastrointestinal
- ISC, intestinal stem cell
- Intracellular pH
- KO, knockout
- Lgr5, leucine-rich G-protein–coupled receptor 5
- Neoplasia
- Organoids
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDZ, Post synaptic density protein, Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor, and Zonula occludens-1 protein
- PH3, phospho-histone H3
- ROI, region of interest
- WT, wild type
- pHi, intracellular pH
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M. Strubberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nancy M. Walker
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Casey D. Stefanski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R. John MacLeod
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T. Magness
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lane L. Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Lane L. Clarke, DVM, PhD, 324D Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65211-3300. fax: (573) 884–4232.
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Yano K, Washio K, Tsumanuma Y, Yamato M, Ohta K, Okano T, Izumi Y. The role of Tsukushi (TSK), a small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan, in bone growth. Regen Ther 2017; 7:98-107. [PMID: 30271858 PMCID: PMC6147151 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endochondral ossification is one of a key process for bone maturation. Tsukushi (TSK) is a novel member of the secreted small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRPs localize to skeletal regions and play significant roles during whole phases of bone development. Although prior evidence suggests that TSK may be involved in the regulation of bone formation, its role in skeletal development has not yet been elucidated. METHODS In the present study, we examined TSK's function during bone growth by comparing skeletal growth of TSK deficient (TSK-/-) mice and wild type (WT) mice. And an in vitro experiment using siRNA transfection of a chondrogenic cell line was performed. RESULTS TSK-/- mice exhibited decreased weight and short stature at 3 weeks of age due to decreased longitudinal bone growth coupled with low bone mass. Furthermore, an in vitro experiment using siRNA transfection into a chondrogenic cell line revealed that decreased TSK expression induced down-regulation of key chondrogenic marker gene expression and up-regulation of mid-to-late chondrogenic markers gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TSK regulates bone elongation and bone mass by modulating growth plate chondrocyte function and consequently, overall body size.
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Key Words
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- Chondrocyte
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
- Endochondral ossification
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- Growth plate
- ITS, insulin-transferrin-selenium supplements
- SLRP, small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan
- SLRPs
- Skeletal development
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- TSK, Tsukushi
- Tsukushi
- WT, wild type
- β-gal, β-Galactosidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Yano
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kaoru Washio
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuka Tsumanuma
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Li HL, Ma Y, Zheng CJ, Jin WY, Liu WS, Wang RL. Exploring the effect of D61G mutation on SHP2 cause gain of function activity by a molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3856-3868. [PMID: 29125030 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1402709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common autosomal dominant congenital disorder which could cause the congenital cardiopathy and cancer predisposition. Previous studies reported that the knock-in mouse models of the mutant D61G of SHP2 exhibited the major features of NS, which demonstrated that the mutation D61G of SHP2 could cause NS. To explore the effect of D61G mutation on SHP2 and explain the high activity of the mutant, molecular dynamic simulations were performed on wild type (WT) of SHP2 and the mutated SHP2-D61G, respectively. The principal component analysis and dynamic cross-correlation mapping, associated with secondary structure, showed that the D61G mutation affected the motions of two regions (residues Asn 58-Thr 59 and Val 460-His 462) in SHP2 from β to turn. Moreover, the residue interaction networks analysis, the hydrogen bond occupancy analysis and the binding free energies were calculated to gain detailed insight into the influence of the mutant D61G on the two regions, revealing that the major differences between SHP2-WT and SHP2-D61G were the different interactions between Gly 61 and Gly 462, Gly 61 and Ala 461, Gln 506 and Ile 463, Gly 61 and Asn 58, Ile 463 and Thr 466, Gly 462 and Cys 459. Consequently, our findings here may provide knowledge to understand the increased activity of SHP2 caused by the mutant D61G.
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Key Words
- CHD, congenital heart defects
- D61G
- DCCM, dynamic cross-correlation mapping
- DSPP, Definition of Secondary Structure of Proteins
- H bond, hydrogen bond
- MD, molecular dynamic
- MM-PBSA, molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area
- NS, Noonan syndrome
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PTPN11, tyrosine protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11
- RINs, residue interaction networks
- RMSD, root-mean-square deviation
- RMSF, root-mean-square fluctuation
- SH2, Src-homology 2
- SHP2
- SHP2, protein tyrosine phosphatase-2
- SPC, single-point charge
- VDW, Van der Waals
- WT, wild type
- molecular dynamic simulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lian Li
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Ying Ma
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Chang-Jie Zheng
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Wen-Yan Jin
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Wen-Shan Liu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Run-Ling Wang
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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Kwan R, Brady GF, Brzozowski M, Weerasinghe SV, Martin H, Park MJ, Brunt MJ, Menon RK, Tong X, Yin L, Stewart CL, Omary MB. Hepatocyte-Specific Deletion of Mouse Lamin A/C Leads to Male-Selective Steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4:365-383. [PMID: 28913408 PMCID: PMC5582719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that comprise the major components of the nuclear lamina. Mutations in LMNA, which encodes lamins A/C, cause laminopathies, including lipodystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and premature aging syndromes. However, the role of lamins in the liver is unknown, and it is unclear whether laminopathy-associated liver disease is caused by primary hepatocyte defects or systemic alterations. METHODS To address these questions, we generated mice carrying a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Lmna (knockout [KO] mice) and characterized the KO liver and primary hepatocyte phenotypes by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, microarray analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Oil Red O and Picrosirius red staining. RESULTS KO hepatocytes manifested abnormal nuclear morphology, and KO mice showed reduced body mass. KO mice developed spontaneous male-selective hepatosteatosis with increased susceptibility to high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The hepatosteatosis was associated with up-regulated transcription of genes encoding lipid transporters, lipid biosynthetic enzymes, lipid droplet-associated proteins, and interferon-regulated genes. Hepatic Lmna deficiency led to enhanced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) expression and blocked growth hormone-mediated Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling. CONCLUSIONS Lamin A/C acts cell-autonomously to maintain hepatocyte homeostasis and nuclear shape and buffers against male-selective steatohepatitis by positively regulating growth hormone signaling and negatively regulating Stat1 expression. Lamins are potential genetic modifiers for predisposition to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. The microarray data can be found in the Gene Expression Omnibus repository (accession number: GSE93643).
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Key Words
- % liver weight, liver percentage of body mass
- Erk, extracellular signal–regulated kinase
- FPLD2, Dunnigan familial partial lipodystrophy
- Fibrosis
- GH, growth hormone
- Growth Hormone Signaling
- HFD, high-fat diet
- Het, heterozygous
- Igf1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- Jak2, Janus kinase 2
- KO, knockout
- Laminopathy
- Lipodystrophy
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- ND, normal diet
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- Stat, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- WT, wild type
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kwan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Raymond Kwan, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7720 Med Sci II, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan7720 Med Sci IIAnn ArborMichigan 48109
| | - Graham F. Brady
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Brzozowski
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sujith V. Weerasinghe
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hope Martin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Makayla J. Brunt
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ram K. Menon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Colin L. Stewart
- Development and Regenerative Biology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, Singapore
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Yang Q, Yan C, Yin C, Gong Z. Serotonin Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells Contribute to Sex Disparity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:484-499. [PMID: 28462385 PMCID: PMC5403976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs more frequently and aggressively in men than in women. Although sex hormones are believed to play a critical role in this disparity, the possible contribution of other factors largely is unknown. We aimed to investigate the role of serotonin on its contribution of sex discrepancy during HCC. METHODS By using an inducible zebrafish HCC model through hepatocyte-specific transgenic krasV12 expression, differential rates of HCC in male and female fish were characterized by both pharmaceutical and genetic interventions. The findings were validated further in human liver disease samples. RESULTS Accelerated HCC progression was observed in krasV12-expressing male zebrafish and male fish liver tumors were found to have higher hepatic stellate cell (HSC) density and activation. Serotonin, which is essential for HSC survival and activation, similarly were found to be synthesized and accumulated more robustly in males than in females. Serotonin-activated HSCs could promote HCC carcinogenesis and concurrently increase serotonin synthesis via transforming growth factor (Tgf)b1 expression, hence contributing to sex disparity in HCC. Analysis of liver disease patient samples showed similar male predominant serotonin accumulation and Tgfb1 expression. CONCLUSIONS In both zebrafish HCC models and human liver disease samples, a predominant serotonin synthesis and accumulation in males resulted in higher HSC density and activation as well as Tgfb1 expression, thus accelerating HCC carcinogenesis in males.
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Key Words
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescence protein
- Gfap, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Htr2b, 5-hydoxytryptamine receptor 2B
- IF, immunofluorescence
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Kras
- Liver Cancer
- P-Tph1, phosphorylated tryptophan hydroxylase 1
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TGFB1
- Tph1, tryptophan hydroxylase 1
- WT, wild type
- Zebrafish
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- dox, doxycycline
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chunyue Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Seshadri N, Jonasson ME, Hunt KL, Xiang B, Cooper S, Wheeler MB, Dolinsky VW, Doucette CA. Uncoupling protein 2 regulates daily rhythms of insulin secretion capacity in MIN6 cells and isolated islets from male mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:760-769. [PMID: 28702331 PMCID: PMC5485245 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is associated with impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which is thought to be an important contributor to pathological β cell failure in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the physiological function of UCP2 in the β cell remains undefined. It has been suggested, but not yet tested, that UCP2 plays a physiological role in β cells by coordinating insulin secretion capacity with anticipated fluctuating nutrient supply, such that upregulation of UCP2 in the inactive/fasted state inhibits GSIS as a mechanism to prevent hypoglycemia. Therefore, we hypothesized that daily cycles of GSIS capacity are dependent on rhythmic and predictable patterns of Ucp2 gene expression such that low Ucp2 in the active/fed phase promotes maximal GSIS capacity, whereas elevated Ucp2 expression in the inactive/fasted phase supresses GSIS capacity. We further hypothesized that rhythmic Ucp2 expression is required for the maintenance of glucose tolerance over the 24 h cycle. Methods We used synchronized MIN6 clonal β cells and isolated mouse islets from wild type (C57BL6) and mice with β cell knockout of Ucp2 (Ucp2-βKO; and respective Ins2-cre controls) to determine the endogenous expression pattern of Ucp2 over 24 h and its impact on GSIS capacity and glucose tolerance over 24 h. Results A dynamic pattern of Ucp2 mRNA expression was observed in synchronized MIN6 cells, which showed a reciprocal relationship with GSIS capacity in a time-of-day-specific manner. GSIS capacity was suppressed in islets isolated from wild type and control mice during the light/inactive phase of the daily cycle; a suppression that was dependent on Ucp2 in the β cell and was lost in islets isolated from Ucp2-βKO mice or wild type islets treated with a UCP2 inhibitor. Finally, suppression of GSIS capacity by UCP2 in the light phase was required for the maintenance of normal patterns of glucose tolerance. Conclusions Our study suggests that Ucp2/UCP2 in the β cell is part of an important, endogenous, metabolic regulator that controls the temporal capacity of GSIS over the course of the day/night cycle, which, in turn, regulates time-of-day glucose tolerance. Targeting Ucp2/UCP2 as a therapeutic in type 2 diabetes or any other metabolic condition must take into account the rhythmic nature of its expression and its impact on glucose tolerance over 24 h, specifically during the inactive/fasted phase. Ucp2 mRNA expression in MIN6 β cells and isolated islets is dynamic and rhythmic over 24 h. Daily cycles of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion capacity are dependent on rhythmic Ucp2 expression and UCP2 activity. Loss of rhythmic Ucp2 mRNA expression triggers glucose intolerance only in the light/inactive phase of the daily cycle. UCP2 is part of an endogenous diurnal metabolic regulator that coordinates islet function with the daily cycle of fasting and feeding.
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Key Words
- GSIS, Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
- Glucose tolerance
- Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
- HG, High glucose
- Ins2-cre, Ins2 promoter-driven cre recombinase
- LG, Low glucose
- MIN6, Mouse insulinoma 6
- Pancreatic islets
- T2D, Type 2 diabetes
- UCP2, Uncoupling protein 2
- Ucp2-βKO, β cell-specific Ucp2 knockout
- Uncoupling protein 2
- WT, wild type
- ZT, Zeitgeber time
- i.p.GTT, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
- β cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Seshadri
- Univerisity of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.,The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Michael E Jonasson
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kristin L Hunt
- Univerisity of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.,The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Steven Cooper
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- University of Toronto, Department of Physiology, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Univerisity of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.,The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
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Taniguchi H, Henke NA, Heider SAE, Wendisch VF. Overexpression of the primary sigma factor gene sigA improved carotenoid production by Corynebacterium glutamicum: Application to production of β-carotene and the non-native linear C50 carotenoid bisanhydrobacterioruberin. Metab Eng Commun 2017; 4:1-11. [PMID: 29142827 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum shows yellow pigmentation due to biosynthesis of the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin and its glycosides. This bacterium has been engineered for production of various non-native cyclic C40 and C50 carotenoids such as β-carotene, astaxanthin or sarcinaxanthin. In this study, the effect of modulating gene expression more broadly by overexpression of sigma factor genes on carotenoid production by C. glutamicum was characterized. Overexpression of the primary sigma factor gene sigA improved lycopene production by recombinant C. glutamicum up to 8-fold. In C. glutamicum wild type, overexpression of sigA led to 2-fold increased accumulation of the native carotenoid decaprenoxanthin in the stationary growth phase. Under these conditions, genes related to thiamine synthesis and aromatic compound degradation showed increased RNA levels and addition of thiamine and the aromatic iron chelator protocatechuic acid to the culture medium enhanced carotenoid production when sigA was overexpressed. Deletion of the gene for the alternative sigma factor SigB, which is expected to replace SigA in RNA polymerase holoenzymes during transition to the stationary growth phase, also increased carotenoid production. The strategy of sigA overexpression could be successfully transferred to production of the non-native carotenoids β-carotene and bisanhydrobacterioruberin (BABR). Production of the latter is the first demonstration that C. glutamicum may accumulate a non-native linear C50 carotenoid instead of the native cyclic C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. Overexpression of the primary sigma factor gene sigA enhanced carotenoid production. Enhanced production of carotenoids in the absence of alternative sigma factor SigB. Production of the linear C50 carotenoid bisanhydrobacterioruberin established.
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Barron L, Sun RC, Aladegbami B, Erwin CR, Warner BW, Guo J. Intestinal Epithelial-Specific mTORC1 Activation Enhances Intestinal Adaptation After Small Bowel Resection. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 3:231-244. [PMID: 28275690 PMCID: PMC5331783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal adaptation is a compensatory response to the massive loss of small intestine after surgical resection. We investigated the role of intestinal epithelial cell-specific mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (i-mTORC1) in intestinal adaptation after massive small bowel resection (SBR). METHODS We performed 50% proximal SBR on mice to study adaptation. To manipulate i-mTORC1 activity, Villin-CreER transgenic mice were crossed with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1flox/flox or Raptorflox/flox mice to inducibly activate or inactivate i-mTORC1 activity with tamoxifen. Western blot was used to confirm the activity of mTORC1. Crypt depth and villus height were measured to score adaptation. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate differentiation and rates of crypt proliferation. RESULTS After SBR, mice treated with systemic rapamycin showed diminished structural adaptation, blunted crypt cell proliferation, and significant body weight loss. Activating i-mTORC1 via TSC1 deletion induced larger hyperproliferative crypts and disorganized Paneth cells without a significant change in villus height. After SBR, ablating TSC1 in intestinal epithelium induced a robust villus growth with much stronger crypt cell proliferation, but similar body weight recovery. Acute inactivation of i-mTORC1 through deletion of Raptor did not change crypt cell proliferation or mucosa structure, but significantly reduced lysozyme/matrix metalloproteinase-7-positive Paneth cell and goblet cell numbers, with increased enteroendocrine cells. Surprisingly, ablation of intestinal epithelial cell-specific Raptor after SBR did not affect adaptation or crypt proliferation, but dramatically reduced body weight recovery after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Systemic, but not intestinal-specific, mTORC1 is important for normal adaptation responses to SBR. Although not required, forced enterocyte mTORC1 signaling after resection causes an enhanced adaptive response.
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Key Words
- Differentiation
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Raptor
- S6K, S6 kinase
- SBR, small bowel resection
- TAM, tamoxifen
- TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex
- TSC1
- WT, wild type
- i-TSC-/-, intestinal epithelial cell–specific tuberous sclerosis complex 1 null mice
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTORC, mammalian target of rapamycin complex
- p-HH3, phosphorylated histone H3
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Guo
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jun Guo, PhD, BJC Institute of Health Room 7118, 425 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. fax: (314) 747–0610.BJC Institute of Health Room 7118425 South Euclid AvenueSt. LouisMissouri 63110
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Ouk K, Aungier J, Morton AJ. Prolonged day length exposure improves circadian deficits and survival in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2017; 2:27-38. [PMID: 31236493 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian disruption seen in patients of Huntington's disease (HD) is recapitulated in the R6/2 mouse model. As the disease progresses, the activity of R6/2 mice increases dramatically during the rest (light) period and decreases during the active (dark) period, eventually leading to a complete disintegration of rest-activity rhythms by the age of ~16 weeks. The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls circadian rhythms by entraining the rest-activity rhythms to the environmental light-dark cycle. Since R6/2 mice can shift their rest-activity rhythms in response to a jet-lag paradigm and also respond positively to bright light therapy (1000 lx), we investigated whether or not a prolonged day length exposure could reduce their daytime activity and improve their behavioural circadian rhythms. We found that a long-day photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark cycle; 100 lx) significantly improved the survival of R6/2 female mice by 2.4 weeks, compared to mice kept under standard conditions (12 h light/12 h dark cycle). Furthermore, a long-day photoperiod improved the nocturnality of R6/2 female mice. Mice kept under long-day photoperiod also maintained acrophase in activity rhythms (a parameter of rhythmicity strength) in phase with that of WT mice, even if they were symptomatic. By contrast, a short-day photoperiod (8 h light/16 h dark cycle) was deleterious to R6/2 female mice and further reduced the survival by ~1 week. Together, our results support the idea that light therapy may be beneficial for improving circadian dysfunction in HD patients. Chronic exposure to a long day (16:8 LD) is beneficial to R6/2 female mice. The 16:8 LD cycle slowed body weight loss and improved survival of R6/2 mice. Lifespan of R6/2 female mice was extended by ~2.4 weeks under 16:8 LD cycle. R6/2 female mice under 16:8 LD had stabilised acrophase in activity rhythms. Lifespan of R6/2 female mice was reduced by chronic exposure to a short day (8:16 LD).
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- DD, constant darkness
- Depression
- EEG, electroencephalography
- Estrogen
- HD, Huntington's disease
- HPA axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- L-DOPA, levodopa
- LD, light-dark
- Lifespan
- REM sleep, rapid eye movement sleep
- SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus
- Sleep
- Transgenic mouse
- WT, wild type
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de Vallière C, Cosin-Roger J, Simmen S, Atrott K, Melhem H, Zeitz J, Madanchi M, Tcymbarevich I, Fried M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Vavricka SR, Misselwitz B, Seuwen K, Wagner CA, Eloranta JJ, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia Positively Regulates the Expression of pH-Sensing G-Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68). Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:796-810. [PMID: 28174749 PMCID: PMC5247318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A novel family of proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors, including ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) (GPR68) has been identified to play a role in pH homeostasis. Hypoxia is known to change tissue pH as a result of anaerobic glucose metabolism through the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. We investigated how hypoxia regulates the expression of OGR1 in the intestinal mucosa and associated cells. METHODS OGR1 expression in murine tumors, human colonic tissue, and myeloid cells was determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The influence of hypoxia on OGR1 expression was studied in monocytes/macrophages and intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Changes in OGR1 expression in MonoMac6 (MM6) cells under hypoxia were determined upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in the presence or absence of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors. To study the molecular mechanisms involved, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the OGR1 promoter was performed. RESULTS OGR1 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared with normal murine colon tissue. Hypoxia positively regulated the expression of OGR1 in MM6 cells, mouse peritoneal macrophages, primary human intestinal macrophages, and colonic tissue from IBD patients. In MM6 cells, hypoxia-enhanced TNF-induced OGR1 expression was reversed by inhibition of NF-κB. In addition to the effect of TNF and hypoxia, OGR1 expression was increased further at low pH. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that HIF-1α, but not NF-κB, binds to the promoter of OGR1 under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement of TNF- and hypoxia-induced OGR1 expression under low pH points to a positive feed-forward regulation of OGR1 activity in acidic conditions, and supports a role for OGR1 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Key Words
- AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside
- CD, Crohn's disease
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- GPR, G-protein–coupled receptor
- GRP65
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HV, healthy volunteer
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- MM6, MonoMac 6
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- OGR1, ovarian cancer G-protein–coupled receptor 1 (GPR68)
- Ovarian Cancer G-Protein–Coupled Receptor
- RT-qPCR, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TDAG8
- TDAG8, T-cell death-associated gene 8 (GPR65)
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th, T-helper
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- WT, wild type
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Simona Simmen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Madanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Tcymbarevich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J Eloranta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kikuchi T, Orihara K, Oikawa F, Han SI, Kuba M, Okuda K, Satoh A, Osaki Y, Takeuchi Y, Aita Y, Matsuzaka T, Iwasaki H, Yatoh S, Sekiya M, Yahagi N, Suzuki H, Sone H, Nakagawa Y, Yamada N, Shimano H. Intestinal CREBH overexpression prevents high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by reducing Npc1l1 expression. Mol Metab 2016; 5:1092-1102. [PMID: 27818935 PMCID: PMC5081412 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH, encoded by Creb3l3) is highly expressed in the liver and small intestine. Hepatic CREBH contributes to glucose and triglyceride metabolism by regulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) expression. However, the intestinal CREBH function remains unknown. Methods To investigate the influence of intestinal CREBH on cholesterol metabolism, we compared plasma, bile, fecal, and tissue cholesterol levels between wild-type (WT) mice and mice overexpressing active human CREBH mainly in the small intestine (CREBH Tg mice) under different dietary conditions. Results Plasma cholesterol, hepatic lipid, and cholesterol crystal formation in the gallbladder were lower in CREBH Tg mice fed a lithogenic diet (LD) than in LD-fed WTs, while fecal cholesterol output was higher in the former. These results suggest that intestinal CREBH overexpression suppresses cholesterol absorption, leading to reduced plasma cholesterol, limited hepatic supply, and greater excretion. The expression of Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 (Npc1l1), a rate-limiting transporter mediating intestinal cholesterol absorption, was reduced in the small intestine of CREBH Tg mice. Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (Abca1), Abcg5/8, and scavenger receptor class B, member 1 (Srb1) expression levels were also reduced in CREBH Tg mice. Promoter assays revealed that CREBH directly regulates Npc1l1 expression. Conversely, CREBH null mice exhibited higher intestinal Npc1l1 expression, elevated plasma and hepatic cholesterol, and lower fecal output. Conclusion Intestinal CREBH regulates dietary cholesterol flow from the small intestine by controlling the expression of multiple intestinal transporters. We propose that intestinal CREBH could be a therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia. Plasma cholesterol, hepatic lipid, and gallstones were lower in CREBH Tg mice. Expression of intestinal Npc1l1 was reduced in CREBH Tg mice. CREBH directly down-regulates mouse Npc1l1 promoter activity. Intestinal CREBH regulates dietary cholesterol flow from the small intestine.
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Key Words
- ABCG5/8, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G5/G8
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Abca1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A1
- Apoa4, apolipoprotein A-IV
- CREBH
- CREBH, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein H
- Cholesterol
- Cpt1a, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver
- Cyp7a1, cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- FXR, Farnesoid X receptor
- Intestine
- LD, lithogenic diet
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LXR, liver X receptor
- NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids
- NPC1L1, Nieman Pick C1-like 1
- Npc1l1
- PPARα, proliferator activated receptor alpha
- RCT, reverse cholesterol transport
- SREBP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein
- Shp, small heterodimer partner
- Srb1, scavenger receptor class B, member 1
- Srebf, sterol regulatory element-binding factor
- TG, triglyceride
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kikuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kana Orihara
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fusaka Oikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Motoko Kuba
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kanako Okuda
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Aoi Satoh
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Osaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aita
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yatoh
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
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