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Wu X, Yin C, Ma J, Chai S, Zhang C, Yao S, Kadioglu O, Efferth T, Ye Y, To KKW, Lin G. Polyoxypregnanes as safe, potent, and specific ABCB1-inhibitory pro-drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1885-1902. [PMID: 34386326 PMCID: PMC8343194 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is significantly hindering effective cancer chemotherapy. However, currently, no ABCB1-inhibitory drugs have been approved to treat MDR cancer clinically, mainly due to the inhibitor specificity, toxicity, and drug interactions. Here, we reported that three polyoxypregnanes (POPs) as the most abundant constituents of Marsdenia tenacissima (M. tenacissima) were novel ABCB1-modulatory pro-drugs, which underwent intestinal microbiota-mediated biotransformation in vivo to generate active metabolites. The metabolites at non-toxic concentrations restored chemosensitivity in ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells via inhibiting ABCB1 efflux activity without changing ABCB1 protein expression, which were further identified as specific non-competitive inhibitors of ABCB1 showing multiple binding sites within ABCB1 drug cavity. These POPs did not exhibit ABCB1/drug metabolizing enzymes interplay, and their repeated administration generated predictable pharmacokinetic interaction with paclitaxel without obvious toxicity in vivo. We further showed that these POPs enhanced the accumulation of paclitaxel in tumors and overcame ABCB1-mediated chemoresistance. The results suggested that these POPs had the potential to be developed as safe, potent, and specific pro-drugs to reverse ABCB1-mediated MDR. Our work also provided scientific evidence for the use of M. tenacissima in combinational chemotherapy.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ABCB1
- ABCB1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1
- ABCC1, ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1
- ABCG2, ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2
- ATF3, activating transcription factor 3
- AUC0–∞, area under plasma concentration vs. time curve
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BHI, brain heart infusion
- CL, clearance
- CYP, cytochrome P450 isozyme
- Cmax, peak concentration
- Combination chemotherapy
- Dox, doxorubicin
- ECL, electrochemiluminescence
- EVOM, epithelial tissue voltohmmeter
- F, bioavailability
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HBSS, Hankʹs balanced salt solution
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LBE, lowest binding energy
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
- M. tenacissima, Marsdenia tenacissima
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MDR1a, multidrug resistance protein 1a
- MRT, mean residence time
- Marsdenia tenacissima
- Multidrug resistance
- N.A., not applicable
- N.D., not detected
- NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NMPA, National Medical Products Administration
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PE, phycoerythrin
- PI, propidium iodide
- POP, polyoxypregnane
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- Papp, apparent permeability
- Polyoxypregnane
- SD, standard derivation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- Tmax, time for peak concentration
- UIC-2, mouse monoclonal ABCB1 antibody
- Vd, volume of distribution
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- t1/2, elimination half-life
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Yu J, Wang Y, Zhou S, Li J, Wang J, Chi D, Wang X, Lin G, He Z, Wang Y. Remote loading paclitaxel-doxorubicin prodrug into liposomes for cancer combination therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1730-40. [PMID: 33088692 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely used in the clinic. However, it remains unsatisfied due to the generation of severe toxicity. Previously, we have successfully synthesized a prodrug PTX-S-DOX (PSD). The prodrug displayed comparable in vitro cytotoxicity compared with the mixture of free PTX and DOX. Thus, we speculated that it could be promising to improve the anti-cancer effect and reduce adverse effects by improving the pharmacokinetics behavior of PSD and enhancing tumor accumulation. Due to the fact that copper ions (Cu2+) could coordinate with the anthracene nucleus of DOX, we speculate that the prodrug PSD could be actively loaded into liposomes by Cu2+ gradient. Hence, we designed a remote loading liposomal formulation of PSD (PSD LPs) for combination chemotherapy. The prepared PSD LPs displayed extended blood circulation, improved tumor accumulation, and more significant anti-tumor efficacy compared with PSD NPs. Furthermore, PSD LPs exhibited reduced cardiotoxicity and kidney damage compared with the physical mixture of Taxol and Doxil, indicating better safety. Therefore, this novel nano-platform provides a strategy to deliver doxorubicin with other poorly soluble antineoplastic drugs for combination therapy with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under the curve
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CHO, cholesterol
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CR, creatinine
- Combination therapy
- Cu2+, copper ions
- DL, drug loading
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DSPE-PEG2000, 2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methyl(polyethylene glycol)-2000
- DTT, d,l-dithiothreitol
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- EE, encapsulation efficacy
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HSPC, hydrogenated soybean phospholipids
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IVIS, in vivo imaging system
- MLVs, multilamellar vesicles
- MRT, mean residence time
- MTD, maximum tolerated dose
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Nanoparticles
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PSD LPs, PTX-S-DOX liposomes
- PSD NPs, PTX-S-DOX self-assembled nanoparticles
- PSD, PTX-S-DOX
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Paclitaxel–doxorubicin prodrug
- Prodrug
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Remote loading liposomes
- SD, standard deviation
- Safety
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- UV, ultraviolet
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Ma X, Shang X, Qin X, Lu J, Liu M, Wang X. Characterization of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1b2 knockout rats generated by CRISPR/Cas9: a novel model for drug transport and hyperbilirubinemia disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:850-860. [PMID: 32528832 PMCID: PMC7276679 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3 (OATP1B1/3) as important uptake transporters play a fundamental role in the transportation of exogenous drugs and endogenous substances into cells. Rat OATP1B2, encoded by the Slco1b2 gene, is homologous to human OATP1B1/3. Although OATP1B1/3 is very important, few animal models can be used to study its properties. In this report, we successfully constructed the Slco1b2 knockout (KO) rat model via using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the first time. The novel rat model showed the absence of OATP1B2 protein expression, with no off-target effects as well as compensatory regulation of other transporters. Further pharmacokinetic study of pitavastatin, a typical substrate of OATP1B2, confirmed the OATP1B2 function was absent. Since bilirubin and bile acids are the substrates of OATP1B2, the contents of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and total bile acids in serum are significantly higher in Slco1b2 KO rats than the data of wild-type rats. These results are consistent with the symptoms caused by the absence of OATP1B1/3 in Rotor syndrome. Therefore, this rat model is not only a powerful tool for the study of OATP1B2-mediated drug transportation, but also a good disease model to study hyperbilirubinemia-related diseases.
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Key Words
- A/G, albumin/globulin ratio
- ADRs, adverse drug reactions
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUC, the area under the time–plasma concentration curve
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CL/F, clearance/bioavailability
- CR, reatinine
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- CRISPR/Cas9
- Chr, chromosome
- Cmax, peak concentration
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- DBL, direct bilirubin
- DDI, drug–drug interaction
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FDA, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GLB, globulin
- GLU, glucose
- HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HE, haemotoxylin and eosin
- HMG, hydroxymethylglutaryl
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HZ, heterozygous
- IBIL, indirect bilirubin
- IS, internal standard solution
- KO, knockout
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MC, methylcellulose
- MRT, mean residence time
- NC, nitrocellulose
- OATP1B1/3
- OATP1B1/3, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3
- OATP1B2
- OATPs, organic anion transporting polypeptides
- PAM, protospacer adjacent motif
- PMSG, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
- R-GT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase
- Rat model
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SLC, solute carrier
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- T-CH, total cholesterol
- T7E I, T7 endonuclease I
- TALEN, transcription activator-like effector nuclease
- TBA, total bile acid
- TBL, total bilirubin
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline Tween 20
- TG, triglyceride
- TP, total protein
- Tmax, peak time
- Transporter
- UA, uric acid
- Ugt1a1, UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1
- Vd/F, the apparent volume of distribution/bioavailability
- WT, wild type
- ZFN, zinc-finger nucleases
- crRNA, mature CRISPR RNA
- p.o., peroral
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Wang
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 24206564; fax: +86 21 5434 4922.
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Ahmad A, Alqahtani S, Jan BL, Raish M, Rabba AK, Alkharfy KM. Gender effect on the pharmacokinetics of thymoquinone: Preclinical investigation and in silico modeling in male and female rats. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:403-408. [PMID: 32273798 PMCID: PMC7132603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone is the most biologically active constituent of Nigella sativa (black seed). A monoterpene compound chemically known as 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1, 4-quinone. In this study, the gender-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior of thymoquinone in rats was investigated. Thymoquinone was administered orally (20 mg/kg) and intravenously (5 mg/kg) to male and female rats and blood samples were collected at specific time points. Plasma concentration-time curves were plotted and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the non-compartmental analysis. In addition, simulations of steady state concentrations of thymoquinone in male and female rats were performed using GastroPlus PK software. After oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of thymoquinone was 4.52 ± 0.092 μg/ml in male rats and 5.22 ± 0.154 μg/ml in female rats (p = 0.002). Similarly, after intravenous administration, the Cmax was 8.36 ± 0.132 μg/ml in males and 9.51 ± 0.158 μg/ml in females (p = 0.550). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)0-∞ following oral dosing was 47.38 ± 0.821 μg/ml·h in females and 43.63 ± 0.953 μg/ml·h in males (p = 0.014). Pharmacokinetics and plasma concentration vs. time profiles for multiple oral doses of thymoquinone in rats were predicted using a simulation model to compare the simulation results with the experimental plasma pharmacokinetic data. The differences observed in thymoquinone pharmacokinetics between male and female rats after a single dose were not evident for the simulated steady-state parameters. The findings suggest that the gender difference does not seem to play a significant role in thymoquinone disposition at steady state.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under plasma concentration-time curve
- AUMC, area under the first moment curve
- CMC, carboxy methyl cellulose
- Cl, total clearance
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- GastroPlus PK simulations
- I.V., intravenous
- MRT, mean residence time
- Male and female rats
- P.O., oral
- Pharmacokinetics
- Plasma
- T1/2, elimination half-life
- THQ, Thymoquinone
- Thymoquinone
- Tmax, time to maximum concentration
- Vss, volume of distribution at steady state
- Vz, volume of distribution z
- λz, terminal elimination rate constant
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah K Rabba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wu C, Xi C, Tong J, Zhao J, Jiang H, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives (THPBs) as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) modulators for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1216-1230. [PMID: 31867167 PMCID: PMC6900552 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) modulators may attenuate PCSK9-induced low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation in lysosome and promote the clearance of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A novel series of tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives (THPBs) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as PCSK9 modulators for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Among them, eight compounds exhibited excellent activities in downregulating hepatic PCSK9 expression better than berberine in HepG2 cells. In addition, five compounds 15, 18, 22, (R)-22, and (S)-22 showed better performance in the low-density lipoprotein, labeled with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-LDL) uptake assay, compared with berberine at the same concentration. Compound 22, selected for in vivo evaluation, demonstrated significant reductions of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C in hyperlipidemic hamsters with a good pharmacokinetic profile. Further exploring of the lipid-lowering mechanism showed that compound 22 promoted hepatic LDLR expression in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Additional results of human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition assay indicated the potential druggability for compound 22, which is a promising lead compound for the development of PCSK9 modulator for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Key Words
- ADH, autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
- AUC, area under the plasma concentration−time curve
- BBR, berberine
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CL, clearance
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- Cmax, maximum concentration
- DiI-LDL, low-density lipoprotein, labeled with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate
- F, oral bioavailability
- FDA, food and drug administration
- HFD, high-fat diet
- Hyperlipidemia hamster
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- Lipid-lowering
- Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Low-density lipoprotein receptor
- MRT, mean residence time
- PCSK9
- PCSK9 expression
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- POCl3, phosphoryl trichloride
- TC, total cholesterol
- THPBs, tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives
- Tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives
- Total cholesterol
- hERG, human ether-à-go-go related gene
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- t1/2, half-life
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junhua Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu); +86 21 50806733 (Yiping Wang); +86 21 50806600 5418 (Jiang Wang).
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu); +86 21 50806733 (Yiping Wang); +86 21 50806600 5418 (Jiang Wang).
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu); +86 21 50806733 (Yiping Wang); +86 21 50806600 5418 (Jiang Wang).
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Abstract
Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes, oral delivery of liposomes is impeded by various barriers such as instability in the gastrointestinal tract, difficulties in crossing biomembranes, and mass production problems. By modulating the compositions of the lipid bilayers and adding polymers or ligands, both the stability and permeability of liposomes can be greatly improved for oral drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches toward the oral delivery of liposomes.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- AUC, area under curve
- Absorption
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bioavailability
- DC, dendritic cells
- DMPC, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline
- DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphotidylcholine
- Drug delivery
- FAE, follicle-associated epithelia
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyannate
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- LUV, large unilamellar vesicles
- Liposomes
- MLV, multilamellar vesicles
- MRT, mean residence time
- MVL, multivesicular liposomes
- Oral
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- RES, reticulo-endothelial
- SC, sodium cholate
- SDC, sodium deoxycholate
- SGC, sodium glycocholate
- SPC, soy phosphatidylcholine
- STC, sodium taurocholate
- SUV, small unilamellar vesicles
- Stability
- TPGS, tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate
- Tgel, gelling temperature
- Tp, phase transition temperature
- UEA 1, ulex europaeus agglutinin 1
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- rhEGF, recombinant human epithelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
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Choi MK, Jin S, Jeon JH, Kang WY, Seong SJ, Yoon YR, Han YH, Song IS. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and compound K after single or multiple administration of red ginseng extract in human beings. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:229-237. [PMID: 32148404 PMCID: PMC7031742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of various ginsenosides, including Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and compound K, after single or multiple administrations of red ginseng extract in human beings. Methods Red ginseng extract (dried ginseng > 60%) was administered once and repeatedly for 15 days to 15 healthy Korean people. After single and repeated administration of red ginsengextract, blood sample collection, measurement of blood pressure and body temperature, and routine laboratory test were conducted over 48-h test periods. Results Repeated administration of high-dose red ginseng for 15 days was well tolerated and did not produce significant changes in body temperature or blood pressure. The plasma concentrations of Rb1, Rb2, and Rc were stable and showed similar area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values after 15 days of repeated administration. Their AUC values after repeated administration of red ginseng extract for 15 days accumulated 4.5- to 6.7-fold compared with single-dose AUC. However, the plasma concentrations of Rd and compound K showed large interindividual variations but correlated well between AUC of Rd and compound K. Compound K did not accumulate after 15 days of repeated administration of red ginseng extract. Conclusion A good correlation between the AUC values of Rd and compound K might be the result of intestinal biotransformation of Rb1, Rb2, and Rc to Rd and subsequently to compound K, rather than the intestinal permeability of these ginsenosides. A strategy to increase biotransformation or reduce metabolic intersubject variability may increase the plasma concentrations of Rd and compound K.
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Key Words
- Hank's balanced salt solution, HBSS
- MRT, mean residence time
- apical to basal, A to B
- apparent permeability, Papp
- area under the plasma concentration-time curve, AUC
- basal to apical, B to A
- ginsenosides
- liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS
- maximum plasma concentration, Cmax
- multiple reaction monitoring, MRM
- pharmacokinetics
- red ginseng
- single and repeated administration
- t1/2, elimination half-life
- time to reach Cmax, Tmax
- tolerability
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Jeon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Youl Kang
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Jin Seong
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hae Han
- Life Science Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Sook Song
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Yang F, Feng L, Yang L, Chen L, Wei G, Lu W. In vivo retention of poloxamer-based in situ hydrogels for vaginal application in mouse and rat models. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:502-509. [PMID: 28752037 PMCID: PMC5518644 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo retention capabilities of poloxamer-based in situ hydrogels for vaginal application with nonoxinol-9 as the model drug. Two in situ hydrogel formulations, which contained 18% poloxamer 407 plus 1% poloxamer 188 (GEL1, relative hydrophobic) or 6% poloxamer 188 (GEL2, relative hydrophilic), were compared with respect to the rheological properties, in vitro hydrogel erosion and drug release. The vaginal retention capabilities of these hydrogel formulations were further determined in two small animal models, including drug quantitation of vaginal rinsing fluid in mice and isotope tracing with 99mTc in rats. The two formulations exhibited similar phase transition temperatures ranging from 27 to 32 °C. Increasing the content of poloxamer 188 resulted in higher rheological moduli under body temperature, but slightly accelerated hydrogel erosion and drug release. When compared in vivo, GEL1 was eliminated significantly slower in rat vagina than GEL2, while the vaginal retention of these two hydrogel formulations behaved similarly in mice. In conclusion, increases in the hydrophilic content of formulations led to faster hydrogel erosion, drug release and intravaginal elimination. Rats appear to be a better animal model than mice to evaluate the in situ hydrogel for vaginal application.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under curve
- EO, hydrophilic ethylene oxide
- F127, Poloxamer 407
- F68, poloxamer 188
- GEL1, 1% poloxamer 188 + 18% poloxamer 407
- GEL2, 6% poloxamer 188 + 18% poloxamer 407
- HLB, hydrophile--lipophile balance
- ICR, Institute of Cancer Research
- MRT, mean residence time
- MW, molecular weight
- N-9, Nonoxynol-9
- Nonoxinol-9
- PEO-PPO-PEO, poly(ethylene oxide)a-poly(propylene oxide)b-poly(ethylene oxide)a
- PO, hydrophobic propylene oxide
- Poloxamer
- RP-HPLC, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography
- Retention
- SVF, simulated vaginal fluid
- Thermosensitive hydrogel
- Vaginal administration
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fujin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linglin Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptives Drugs and Devices, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding author Tel.: +86 21 51980091; fax: +86 21 51980090.Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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