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Mezgebu GS, Petros L, Alemayew E, Abebaw G, Feleke FW. Magnitude of undernutrition and its association with dietary diversity among older persons in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2023. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e102. [PMID: 37771505 PMCID: PMC10523292 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition in elders remains under-detected, under-treated, and under-resourced and leads to further weight loss, increased infections, and delay in recovery from illness as well as increased hospital admissions and length of stay. The reports of the findings were fragmented and inconsistent in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of undernutrition and its association with dietary diversity among older persons in Ethiopia. Online databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct), Google, Google Scholar, and other grey literature were used to search articles until the date of publication. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence; whereas subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity using Stata version 14.0 software. Out of 522 studies accessed, 14 met our criteria and were included in the study. A total of 7218 older people (aged above 60 years old) were included in the study. The pooled proportion of undernutrition among older persons in Ethiopia was 20⋅6 % (95 % CI 17⋅3, 23⋅8). Elders who consumed low dietary diversity scores were strongly associated with undernutrition among older persons. Therefore, promoting appropriate intervention strategies for elders to improve dietary diversity practices and nutritional status is crucial.
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Key Words
- AOR, adjusted odd ratio
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- CI, confidence interval
- DDS, Dietary Diversity Score
- Dietary diversity
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization
- IDA, iron deficiency anaemia
- JBI, Joanna Briggs Institute
- LIC, low-income country
- Malnutrition
- MeSH, Medical Subject Headings
- Meta-analysis
- NGO, Non-Governmental Organization
- Older persons
- PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- SNNP, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region
- SSA, sub-Saharan Africa
- Systematic review
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Sale Mezgebu
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition and Food Science Technology, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Legesse Petros
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition and Food Science Technology, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Etaferaw Alemayew
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition and Food Science Technology, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Abebaw
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition and Food Science Technology, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Fentaw Wassie Feleke
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition and Food Science Technology, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, PO Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Bhat N, Moses V, N C. Economical synthesis of oxygen to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Hyg Environ Healh Adv 2023; 6:100048. [PMID: 36874389 PMCID: PMC9974141 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2023.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The whole world has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and oxygen demand is greater than ever, but the supply is expectedly short. People in need of this oxygen are not able to receive it, especially those who cannot afford it. In addition to these issues, the oxygen from production plants is not getting delivered to hospitals on a timely basis due to insufficient availability of tankers and cylinders. It is therefore crucial to enable access of oxygen beds and cylinders to the public by developing economical methods for medical oxygen generation. Conventional methods like oxygen concentrators, the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Technique and Air Separation Units (ASUs) are either too expensive, energy intensive or feasible only on a small scale. This indicates the need to exploit methods that have not been utilized fully yet, such as Integrated Energy Systems (IES). However, reducing the cost of a process is not enough. It needs to be scaled up to have a real impact on the situation at hand. Ion Transport Membranes (ITM) are promising in this aspect as they can produce large volumes of extremely high-purity oxygen at low costs. All these methods along with their economic aspects have been discussed and then compared to identify the most feasible one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Bhat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560059, India
| | - Vinutha Moses
- Department of Chemical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560059, India
| | - Chetan N
- Department of Engineering and Management, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
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Mukutmoni M, Liza FT, Parvin RA, Nath TC. Perceptions and practices of urban slum-dwelling women concerning soil-transmitted helminths infections in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2023; 21:e00291. [PMID: 36875174 PMCID: PMC9982025 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections are still attributed to a significant part of mortality and disabilities in developing nations. This study aimed at exploring the perceptions and practices concerning STH and to assess the associated risk of infections among slum-dwelling women of Dhaka South City Corporations (DSCC), Bangladesh. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two selected slums (Malibagh and Lalbagh) of DSCC, Bangladesh, from September 2020 to February 2021. A total of 206 women participants were requested to provide stool samples, followed by a semi-structured questionnaire survey. Parasitological assessment was done by the formol-ether concentration (FEC) technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was estimated using logistic regression analysis to examine the association between explanatory and outcome factors. Results In total, 36 (17.5%) STH infections were observed out of 206 examined participants. Among the STH, Trichuris trichiura showed the highest prevalence (10.7%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (5.3%). Lack of formal education, overcrowded living, large family sizes, and using shared toilets were significantly associated with STH infections. Irregular nail cutting (AOR = 3.12), irregular soap usage after toilet (AOR = 2.98), wearing no shoes (AOR = 4.64), and failing to teach kids to wash their hands (AOR = 3.87) were revealed as practice concerns linked to high STH prevalence. Women, who had never heard about STH (AOR = 2.42) and had no misconceptions regarding STH (AOR = 1.94) were positively related to STH infection in this study. Conclusion Slum-dwelling women in Bangladesh still had a substantial infection of STH. Most of the communities under study were unaware of parasite infection and its negative effects on health. Revision of the policy of ongoing anthelmintic distribution programs and widespread health education programs are recommended aimed at controlling STH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tilak Chandra Nath
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
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Pachankis Y. Jeopardies in human security and politicization of COVID-19. Ethics Med Public Health 2023; 27:100871. [PMID: 36743192 PMCID: PMC9889251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2023.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Pachankis
- 28-4 Bldg. 2 Dexinyuan, 1001, Biqing N Rd, 402762 Chongqing, China
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Kumar S, Balaya RDA, Kanekar S, Raju R, Prasad TSK, Kandasamy RK. Computational tools for exploring peptide-membrane interactions in gram-positive bacteria. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1995-2008. [PMID: 36950221 PMCID: PMC10025024 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vital cellular functions in Gram-positive bacteria are controlled by signaling molecules known as quorum sensing peptides (QSPs), considered promising therapeutic interventions for bacterial infections. In the bacterial system QSPs bind to membrane-coupled receptors, which then auto-phosphorylate and activate intracellular response regulators. These response regulators induce target gene expression in bacteria. One of the most reliable trends in drug discovery research for virulence-associated molecular targets is the use of peptide drugs or new functionalities. In this perspective, computational methods act as auxiliary aids for biologists, where methodologies based on machine learning and in silico analysis are developed as suitable tools for target peptide identification. Therefore, the development of quick and reliable computational resources to identify or predict these QSPs along with their receptors and inhibitors is receiving considerable attention. The databases such as Quorumpeps and Quorum Sensing of Human Gut Microbes (QSHGM) provide a detailed overview of the structures and functions of QSPs. The tools and algorithms such as QSPpred, QSPred-FL, iQSP, EnsembleQS and PEPred-Suite have been used for the generic prediction of QSPs and feature representation. The availability of compiled key resources for utilizing peptide features based on amino acid composition, positional preferences, and motifs as well as structural and physicochemical properties, including biofilm inhibitory peptides, can aid in elucidating the QSP and membrane receptor interactions in infectious Gram-positive pathogens. Herein, we present a comprehensive survey of diverse computational approaches that are suitable for detecting QSPs and QS interference molecules. This review highlights the utility of these methods for developing potential biomarkers against infectious Gram-positive pathogens.
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Key Words
- 3-HBA, 3–Hydroxybenzoic Acid
- AAC, Amino Acid Composition
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ACD, Available Chemicals Database
- AIP, Autoinducing Peptide
- AMP, Anti-Microbial Peptide
- ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate
- Agr, Accessory gene regulator
- BFE, Binding Free Energy
- BIP Inhibitors
- BIP, Biofilm Inhibitory Peptides
- BLAST, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
- BNB, Bernoulli Naïve-Bayes
- CADD, Computer-Aided Drug Design
- CSP, Competence Stimulating Peptide
- CTD, Composition-Transition-Distribution
- D, Aspartate
- DCH, 3,3′-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin)
- DT, Decision Tree
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GBM, Gradient Boosting Machine
- GDC, g-gap Dipeptide
- GNB, Gaussian NB
- Gram-positive bacteria
- H, Histidine
- H-Kinase, Histidine Kinase
- H-phosphotransferase, Histidine Phosphotransferase
- HAM, Hamamelitannin
- HGM, Human Gut Microbiota
- HNP, Human Neutrophil Peptide
- IT, Information Theory Features
- In silico approaches
- KNN, K-Nearest Neighbors
- MCC, Mathew Co-relation Coefficient
- MD, Molecular Dynamics
- MDR, Multiple Drug Resistance
- ML, Machine Learning
- MRSA, Methicillin Resistant S. aureus
- MSL, Multiple Sequence Alignment
- OMR, Omargliptin
- OVP, Overlapping Property Features
- PCP, Physicochemical Properties
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PPIs, Protein-Protein Interactions
- PSM, Phenol-Soluble Modulin
- PTM, Post Translational Modification
- QS, Quorum Sensing
- QSCN, QS communication network
- QSHGM, Quorum Sensing of Human Gut Microbes
- QSI, QS Inhibitors
- QSIM, QS Interference Molecules
- QSP inhibitors
- QSP predictors
- QSP, QS Peptides
- QSPR, Quantitative Structure Property Relationship
- Quorum sensing peptides
- RAP, RNAIII-activating protein
- RF, Random Forest
- RIP, RNAIII-inhibiting peptide
- ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristic
- SAR, Structure-Activity Relationship
- SFS, Sequential Forward Search
- SIT, Sitagliptin
- SVM, Support Vector Machine
- TCS, Two-Component Sensory
- TRAP, Target of RAP
- TRG, Trelagliptin
- WHO, World Health Organization
- mRMR, minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kumar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | | | - Saptami Kanekar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | | | - Richard K. Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Feng C, Wenlin Y, Qiangyong K, Li L, Jingjing Q. Clinical efficacy of combination therapy of FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction and anti-viral drugs in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia: A prospective interventional study. J Herb Med 2023; 38:100627. [PMID: 36644210 PMCID: PMC9831664 DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China (NATCM) and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) advocated a combination therapy of TCM and anti-viral drugs for novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) to improve the efficacy of clinical treatment. Methods Forty-six patients diagnosed with NCP were sequentially divided into intent-to-treat population: the experimental group (combination of FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction and anti-viral drugs; n = 23) and the control group (anti-viral drugs only) (n = 23). The two groups were compared in terms of duration of fever, cough symptom score, fatigue, appetite, dyspnea, out-of-bed activities, chest computer tomography (CT) recovery, virological clearance, average length of hospital stay, and clinical effective rate of drug. After 6 days of observation, patients from the control group were divided into as-treated population: experimental subgroup (n = 14) to obtain clinical benefit and control subgroup (n = 9). Results There was a significant improvement in the duration of fever (1.087 ± 0.288 vs 4.304 ± 2.490), cough (0.437 ± 0.589 vs 2.435 ± 0.662; P < 0.05), chest CT evaluation (82.6% vs 43.4%; P < 0.05), and virological clearance (60.8% vs 8.7%; P < 0.05) in patients of the experimental group compared with patients in the control group. Further observation in as-treated population reported that cough (0.742 ± 0.463 vs 1.862 ± 0.347; P < 0.05) and fatigue (78.5% vs 33.3%; P < 0.05) were significantly relieved after adding FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction to the existing treatment. Conclusion An early treatment with combination therapy of FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction and anti-viral drugs significantly relieves the clinical symptoms of NCP, shows improvement in chest CT scan, improves virological clearance, shortens average length of hospital stay, and reduces the risk of severe illness. The effect of FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction in NCP may be clinically important and require further consideration.
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Key Words
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Anti-viral drug
- COVID-19
- CRS, cytokine release syndrome
- CT, computed tomography
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- H1N1, Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1
- ITT, intent-to-treat
- NATCM, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China
- NCP, novel coronavirus pneumonia
- Novel coronavirus pneumonia
- PG, Platycodon grandiflorum
- Prospective
- RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Wenlin
- People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kou Qiangyong
- People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lanting Li
- Shanghai Palan DataRx Co., Ltd, Room 611, Building A, No. 3501 Hechuan Road, Minhang District, 200110 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jingjing
- People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China,Correspondence to: Department of Pneumonology, People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
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Lerango TL, Alagaw A, Tunje A, Andarge E, Duko B, Tilahune AB, Lerango SL. Self-medication practice among pregnant women in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: An institutionally based cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13833. [PMID: 36915492 PMCID: PMC10006518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-medication is a treatment based on symptoms without prescription and medical consultation. Despite being one of the critical practices that impose a harmful effect on the fetus and the woman herself, evidence on its practice and associated factors are not well-documented. This study, therefore, assessed the self-medication practice and associated factors among pregnant women in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods An institutionally based cross-sectional study was conducted at public health institutions in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia by recruiting a total of 408 pregnant women using a systematic random sampling technique between March 2019 and April 2019. We used the Antenatal care (ANC) registry as a sampling frame. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire used to depict Self-medication practice and associated factors. Data entered using Epi-data and analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Results The overall prevalence of self-medication was 14.9% (95% CI:11-18). The odds of using self-medication may decreased by 75% for women who were in their third trimester (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.64). However, the odds of practicing increased by 13-folds among pregnant women reported earlier (previous) self-medication experience (AOR = 13.62, 95% CI: 6.66-27.84). Conclusion The prevalence of self-medication was high in the current study setting. Women's gestational period (third trimester) and earlier self-medication experience were associated with their current self-medication practice.
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Key Words
- ANC, Antenatal Care
- AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio
- CHI, Community-Based Health Insurance
- CI, Confidence Interval
- COR, Crude Odds Ratio
- Cross-sectional
- EFDA, Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority
- ETB, Ethiopian Birr
- HC, Health Center
- HDA, Health (Women) Development Army
- HMIS, Health ManagementInformation System
- OTC, Over-The-Counter Medicines
- PH, Primary Hospital
- POM, Prescription-Only-Medicines
- Pregnant women
- SNNPR, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region
- Self-medication
- Southern Ethiopia
- WHO, World Health Organization
- Wolaita
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Leka Lerango
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Alagaw
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Abayneh Tunje
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Andarge
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bereket Duko
- Research Fellow, Australian Centre for Precision Health, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Adjunct Research Fellow, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Semalgn Leka Lerango
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Thabit AK, Alsulmi WS, Aljereb NM, Khojah OM, Almehdar KO, Cobo MJ, Jose J, Vélez-Estévez A. Pharmacists and pharmacy services in COVID-19 literature: A bibliometirc analysis. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm 2023; 9:100243. [PMID: 36926445 PMCID: PMC9998125 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic had an enormous impact on the global economy and healthcare. Pharmacists were vital members of the healthcare system, and they participated in various strategies to reduce the effect of the pandemic. Numerous papers were published discussing their roles during the pandemic. Bibliometric analysis was used to measure the impact of publications on this topic and assessed them qualitatively and quantitatively over a specific time. Objective Evaluate published literature pertaining to the roles of pharmacists and pharmacy services during the pandemic and identify gaps. Methods An electronic search was conducted on PubMed database using a specific query. Eligible publications were published in English between January 2020 and January 2022 and discussed the role of pharmacists, pharmacies, and pharmacy departments during the pandemic. Clinical trials, studies on pharmacy education/training, and conference abstracts were excluded. Results Of 954 records retrieved, 338 (35.4%) from 67 countries were included. Most papers (n = 113; 33.4%) were from the community pharmacy sector, followed by the clinical pharmacy sector (n = 89; 26.3%). Sixty-one (18%) papers were multinational, mostly involving two countries. The average number of citations of the included papers was 6 times (range 0-89). The most common MeSH terms were 'humans', 'hospitals', and 'telemedicine', where the former frequently co-appeared with the terms 'COVID-19' and 'pharmacists.' Conclusions Results from this study illustrate the innovative and proactive strategies developed by pharmacists during the pandemic. Pharmacists from around the world are encouraged to share their experiences for stronger healthcare systems to counter future pandemics and environmental disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar K Thabit
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajd S Alsulmi
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah M Aljereb
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia M Khojah
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadeja O Almehdar
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Jesús Cobo
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jimmy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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9
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Mofokeng N, Maponga TG, van Schalkwyk M, Hugo S, Morobadi MD, Vawda S, Badenhorst L, van Vuuren C, van Rensburg C, Preiser W, Taljaard J, Wang S, Miller V, Wu D, Tucker JD, Seeley J, Goedhals D, Matthews PC. Barriers that prevent adults living with HBV infection from participating in clinical research: experience from South Africa. J Virus Erad 2023; 9:100317. [PMID: 36911657 PMCID: PMC9995934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2023.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High profile international goals have been set for the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a public health threat by the year 2030. Developing and expanding equitable, accessible translational HBV research programmes that represent real-world populations are therefore an urgent priority for clinical and academic communities. We present experiences and insights by an expert interdisciplinary group focusing on barriers that impede adults living with HBV infection from participating in clinical studies. Our viewpoint describes barriers we have identified through working in a variety of settings across South Africa, including lack of education and awareness, experiences of stigma and discrimination, challenges for governance and data management, and a burden of complex morbidity. Through identifying these challenges, we propose solutions and interventions, highlight new approaches, and provide a framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nombuyiselo Mofokeng
- University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Tongai G Maponga
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Marije van Schalkwyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University / Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susan Hugo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University / Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Molefi Daniel Morobadi
- University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.,Ampath Laboratories, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sabeehah Vawda
- University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Leane Badenhorst
- University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Cloete van Vuuren
- University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Christo van Rensburg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University / Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wolfgang Preiser
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Jantjie Taljaard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University / Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Su Wang
- Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, NJ, USA.,World Hepatitis Alliance, London, UK
| | - Veronica Miller
- University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), 719 Umbilo Rd, Umbilo, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Dominique Goedhals
- University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.,PathCare Vermaak, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, UK
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10
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Soemarko DS, Halim FA, Kekalih A, Yunus F, Werdhani RA, Sugiharto A, Mansyur M, Wingfield T, Fuady A. Developing a tool to measure tuberculosis-related stigma in workplaces in Indonesia: An internal validation study. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101337. [PMID: 36660173 PMCID: PMC9842934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Workers with tuberculosis (TB) are often stigmatized, negatively impacting their socioeconomic position, mental health, and TB treatment outcomes. There is a dearth of validated tools to assess stigma in the worker population. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel, culturally adapted tool to measure TB-related stigma among workers in Indonesia. We translated, adapted, applied, and internally validated Van Rie's TB-Stigma Scale to the worker population in varying sizes businesses (formal and informal business sectors) in Indonesia. Psychometric evaluation using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) was performed to check the tool's internal consistency and reliability. The translation and cultural adaptation phases resulted in a final 11-item tool. From 172 participant responses, the EFA found two loading factors relating to responses on isolation and exclusion from the workplace. The CFA confirmed that the developed model had moderate fit with R2 values for each item ranging from 0.37 to 0.84. The tool was reliable (Cronbach's alpha 0.869). This validated, consistent and reliable adapted tool is ready to use in larger scale evaluations of TB-related stigma amongst workers in formal and informal business sectors of Indonesia to develop strategies to eliminate TB-related stigma from the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.16, Jakarta, 10310, Indonesia
| | - Frisca Aprillia Halim
- Master of Occupational Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.16, Jakarta, 10310, Indonesia
| | - Aria Kekalih
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.16, Jakarta, 10310, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Yunus
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiration, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta, 13230, Indonesia
| | - Retno Asti Werdhani
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.16, Jakarta, 10310, Indonesia
| | - Agus Sugiharto
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.16, Jakarta, 10310, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaruddin Mansyur
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.16, Jakarta, 10310, Indonesia
- South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition, Jakarta, 13120, Indonesia
| | - Tom Wingfield
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Department of Global Public Health, WHO Collaborating Centre on Tuberculosis and Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Ahmad Fuady
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.16, Jakarta, 10310, Indonesia
- Primary Health Care Research and Innovation Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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11
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Yang H, Na X, Zhang Y, Xi M, Yang Y, Chen R, Zhao A. Rates of breastfeeding or chestfeeding and influencing factors among transgender and gender-diverse parents: a cross sectional study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 57:101847. [PMID: 36864982 PMCID: PMC9971548 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is essential for the growth and development of all infants. Despite the large transgender and gender-diverse population size, there is no comprehensive research of breastfeeding or chestfeeding practices in this group. This study was designed aimed to investigate the status of breastfeeding or chestfeeding practices in transgender and gender-diverse parents and to explore the possible influencing factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 27 2022 and February 15 2022 online in China. A representative sample of 647 transgender and gender-diverse parents was enrolled. Validated questionnaires were used to investigate breastfeeding or chestfeeding practices and its associated factors, including physical factors, psychological factors and socio-environmental factors. FINDINGS The exclusive breastfeeding or chestfeeding rate was 33.5% (214) and only 41.3% (244) of infants could be continuously fed until 6 months. Accepting hormonotherapy after having this child (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.664, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 1.014∼2.738) and receiving feeding education (AOR = 2.161, 95% CI = 1.363∼3.508) were associated with a higher exclusive breastfeeding or chestfeeding rate, while higher gender dysphoria scores (37-47: AOR = 0.549, 95% CI = 0.364∼0.827; >47: AOR = 0.474, 95% CI = 0.286∼0.778), experiencing family violence (15-35: AOR = 0.388, 95% CI = 0.257∼0.583; >35: AOR = 0.335; 95% CI = 0.203∼0.545), experiencing partner violence (≥30: AOR = 0.541, 95% CI = 0.334∼0.867), using artificial insemination (AOR = 0.269, 95% CI = 0.12∼0.541), or surrogacy (AOR = 0.406, 95% CI = 0.199∼0.776) and being discriminated against during seeking of childbearing health care (AOR = 0.402, 95% CI = 0.28∼0.576), are significantly associated with a lower exclusive breastfeeding or chestfeeding rate. Participants who had feeding education were more likely to feed their child with human milk as the first food intake (AOR = 1.644, 95% CI = 1.015∼2.632), while those who had suffered from family violence (>35: AOR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.259∼0.84), discrimination (AOR = 0.457, 95% CI = 0.284∼0.721) and chose artificial insemination (AOR = 0.304, 95% CI = 0.168∼0.56) or surrogacy (AOR = 0.264, 95% CI = 0.144∼0.489), were less likely to give their child human milk as first food intake. Besides, discrimination is also related to a shorter breastfeeding or chestfeeding duration (AOR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.375∼0.761). INTERPRETATION Breastfeeding or chestfeeding are neglected health problems in the transgender and gender-diverse population and many socio-demographic factors, transgender and gender-diverse-related factors, and family environment are correlated with it. Better social and family support is necessary to improve breastfeeding or chestfeeding practices. FUNDING There are no funding sources to declare.
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Key Words
- AOR, Adjusted odds ratio
- BCF, Breastfeeding or chestfeeding
- BCFP, Breastfeeding or chestfeeding practice
- Breastfeeding practice
- Chestfeeding
- EBCF, Exclusive breastfeeding or chestfeeding
- FFI, First food intake
- GD, Gender dysphoria
- LGBT, Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
- LGBTQ, Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer
- OR, Odds ratio
- TGD, Transgender and gender diverse
- TM, Transgender man
- TW, Transgender woman
- Transgender
- UNICEF, United Nations Children's Fund
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Menglu Xi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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12
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Hillary VE, Ceasar SA. An update on COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 variants, antiviral drugs, and vaccines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13952. [PMID: 36855648 PMCID: PMC9946785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious and pathogenic virus that first appeared in late December 2019. This SARS-CoV-2 causes an infection of an acute respiratory disease called "coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a great pandemic on March 11, 2020. As of January 31, 2023, SARS-CoV-2 recorded more than 67 million cases and over 6 million deaths. Recently, novel mutated variants of SARS-CoV are also creating a serious health concern worldwide, and the future novel variant is still mysterious. As infection cases of SARS-CoV-2 are increasing daily, scientists are trying to combat the disease using numerous antiviral drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review that summarized the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, SARS-CoV-2 variants (a variant of concern and variant of interest), antiviral drugs and vaccines utilized against SARS-CoV-2 at a glance. Hopefully, this review will enable the researcher to gain knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccines, which will also pave the way to identify efficient novel vaccines against forthcoming SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- Antiviral drugs
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus infectious disease-2019
- EUA, Emergency Use Authorization
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- NIH, National Institutes of Health
- RBD, Receptor-binding domain
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2 variants
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- VOC, Variants of Concern
- VOI, Variants of Interests
- Vaccines
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese Edwin Hillary
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, 683 104, Kerala, India
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Shukla AK, Atal S, Banerjee A, Jhaj R, Balakrishnan S, Chugh PK, Xavier D, Faruqui A, Singh A, Raveendran R, Mathaiyan J, Gauthaman J, Parmar UI, Tripathi RK, Kamat SK, Trivedi N, Shah P, Chauhan J, Dikshit H, Mishra H, Kumar R, Badyal DK, Sharma M, Singla M, Medhi B, Prakash A, Joshi R, Chatterjee NS, Cherian JJ, Kamboj VP, Kshirsagar N. An observational multi-centric COVID-19 sequelae study among health care workers. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2023; 10:100129. [PMID: 36531928 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background India has seen more than 43 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of April 2022, with a recovery rate of 98.8%, resulting in a large section of the population including the healthcare workers (HCWs), susceptible to develop post COVID sequelae. This study was carried out to assess the nature and prevalence of medical sequelae following COVID-19 infection, and risk factors, if any. Methods This was an observational, multicenter cross-sectional study conducted at eight tertiary care centers. The consenting participants were HCWs between 12 and 52 weeks post discharge after COVID-19 infection. Data on demographics, medical history, clinical features of COVID-19 and various symptoms of COVID sequelae was collected through specific questionnaire. Finding Mean age of the 679 eligible participants was 31.49 ± 9.54 years. The overall prevalence of COVID sequelae was 30.34%, with fatigue (11.5%) being the most common followed by insomnia (8.5%), difficulty in breathing during activity (6%) and pain in joints (5%). The odds of having any sequelae were significantly higher among participants who had moderate to severe COVID-19 (OR 6.51; 95% CI 3.46-12.23) and lower among males (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.39-0.76). Besides these, other predictors for having sequelae were age (≥45 years), presence of any comorbidity (especially hypertension and asthma), category of HCW (non-doctors vs doctors) and hospitalisation due to COVID-19. Interpretation Approximately one-third of the participants experienced COVID sequelae. Severity of COVID illness, female gender, advanced age, co-morbidity were significant risk factors for COVID sequelae. Funding This work is a part of Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR)- Rational Use of Medicines network. No additional financial support was received from ICMR to carry out the work, for study materials, medical writing, and APC.
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Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- AE, Adverse events
- BMI, Body mass index
- CAD, Coronary artery disease
- CI, Confidence interval
- COVID sequelae
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Corona virus disease 2019
- CTRI, Clinical Trials Registry- India
- DASS-21, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21
- ENT, Ear, nose, and throat
- GERD, Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- HCQ, Hydroxychloroquine
- HCW, Health care worker
- ICMR, Indian council of medical research
- ICMR-RUMC
- Long COVID
- MOHFW, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India
- NICE, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
- OR, Odds ratio
- PCOS, Polycystic Ovarian Disease
- PLOG, Polymerase gamma-related disorders
- RHD, Rheumatic heart disease
- RUMC, Rational use of medicine center
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- WHO, World Health Organization
- p-value, Probability value
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Filis P, Alexiou GA, Zigouris A, Sioka C, Filis N, Voulgaris S. Meningioma grading based on positron emission tomography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg X 2023; 18:100167. [PMID: 36825220 PMCID: PMC9941365 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Meningiomas are the most common central nervous system tumor in adults. Knowledge of the tumor grade can guide optimal treatment timing and shape personalized follow-up strategies. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been utilized for the metabolic assessment of various intracranial space-occupying lesions. Herewith, we set out to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PET for the noninvasive assessment of meningioma's grade. Materials and methods The Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases were systematically searched in March 2022 for studies that evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of PET compared to the gold standard of histological diagnosis in the grading of meningiomas. Summary statistics will be calculated and scatter plots, summary curve from the HSROC model and posterior predictions by empirical Bayes estimates will be presented. Results Five studies consisting of 242 patients with a total of 196 low-grade (Grade 1) and 46 high grade (Grade 2/3) meningiomas were included in our analysis. Three of the included studies used 18F-FDG, one study used 18F-FLT and one used(Whiting et al., 2011) 18 F-FET as PET tracers. The pooled sensitivity was 76% (95% CI: 52%-91%) and the pooled specificity was 89% (95% CI: 83%-93%). The diagnostic odds ratio was 27.17 (95% CI: 9.22-80.06), the positive likelihood ratio was 7.18 (95% CI: 4.54-11.34) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.11-0.61). Conclusion PET is a promising and viable option as a noninvasive imaging tool to differentiate the meningioma grades. However, currently it cannot overtake the gold standard of histological grade confirmation. More studies are required for further validation and refinement of this imaging technique and assessment of other radiotracers as well.
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Key Words
- 1/LR-, inverse of the negative likelihood ratio
- 11C-MET, 11C-methionine
- 18F-FDG, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose
- 18F-FET, O-(2-[18F]Fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine
- CIs, 95% confidence intervals
- CT, computerized tomography
- DOR, diagnostic odds ratio
- HSROC, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic
- LR+, positive likelihood ratios
- LR−, negative likelihood ratios
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Mendingioma
- Meta-analysis
- PET
- PET, positron emission tomography
- SPECT, single-photon emission computerized tomography
- SUV, standardized uptake value
- SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value
- TBR, tumour-to-brain ratios
- TGR, tumor-to-contralateral gray matter ratios
- WHO, World Health Organization
- [18F]FLT, 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Filis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece,Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - George A. Alexiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece,Corresponding author.
| | - Andreas Zigouris
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Chrissa Sioka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Filis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Spyridon Voulgaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece
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Liu J, Liu M, Chai Z, Li C, Wang Y, Shen M, Zhuang G, Zhang L. Projected rapid growth in diabetes disease burden and economic burden in China: a spatio-temporal study from 2020 to 2030. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 33:100700. [PMID: 36817869 PMCID: PMC9932123 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background This study projects the trend of disease burden and economic burden of diabetes in 33 Chinese provinces and nationally during 2020-2030 and investigates its spatial disparities. Methods Time series prediction on the prevalence and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates of diabetes was conducted using a Bayesian modelling approach in 2020-2030. The top-down method and the human capital method were used to predict the direct and indirect costs of diabetes for each Chinese province. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were used to identify geographic clusters of low-or high-burden areas. Findings Diabetes prevalence in Chinese adults aged 20-79 years was projected to increase from 8.2% to 9.7% during 2020-2030. During the same period, the total costs of diabetes would increase from $250.2 billion to $460.4 billion, corresponding to an annual growth rate of 6.32%. The total costs of diabetes as a percentage of GDP would increase from 1.58% to 1.69% in China during 2020-2030, suggesting a faster growth in the economic burden of diabetes than China's economic growth. Consistently, the per-capita economic burden of diabetes would increase from $231 to $414 in China during 2020-2030, with an annual growth rate of 6.02%. High disease and economic burden areas were aggregated in Northeast and/or North China. Interpretation Our study projects a significant growth of disease and economic burden of diabetes in China during 2020-2030, with strong spatial aggregation in northern Chinese regions. The increase in the economic burden of diabetes will exceed that of GDP. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China, Outstanding Young Scholars Funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Liu
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonglin Chai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Med-X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingwang Shen
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, China,Corresponding author. China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, China,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Corresponding author. School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Wichitnithad W, Nantaphol S, Noppakhunsomboon K, Rojsitthisak P. An update on the current status and prospects of nitrosation pathways and possible root causes of nitrosamine formation in various pharmaceuticals. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:295-311. [PMID: 36942272 PMCID: PMC10023554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two years, global regulatory authorities have raised safety concerns on nitrosamine contamination in several drug classes, including angiotensin II receptor antagonists, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, antimicrobial agents, and antidiabetic drugs. To avoid carcinogenic and mutagenic effects in patients relying on these medications, authorities have established specific guidelines in risk assessment scenarios and proposed control limits for nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceuticals. In this review, nitrosation pathways and possible root causes of nitrosamine formation in pharmaceuticals are discussed. The control limits of nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceuticals proposed by national regulatory authorities are presented. Additionally, a practical and science-based strategy for implementing the well-established control limits is notably reviewed in terms of an alternative approach for drug product N-nitrosamines without published AI information from animal carcinogenicity testing. Finally, a novel risk evaluation strategy for predicting and investigating the possible nitrosation of amine precursors and amine pharmaceuticals as powerful prevention of nitrosamine contamination is addressed.
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Key Words
- AI, acceptable intake
- APIs, active pharmaceutical ingredients
- ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers
- AZBC, 4′-(azidomethyl)-[1.1′-biphenyl]-2-carbonitile
- AZBT, 5-(4′-(azidomethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole
- AZTT, 5-(4′-((5-(azidomethyl)-2-butyl-4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole
- CDER, center for drug evaluation and research
- CPNP, 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitrosopiperazine
- Control limits
- DBA, N,N-dibutylamine
- DEA, N,N-diethylamine
- DIPEA, N,N-diisopropylethylamine
- DMA, dimethylamine
- DMF, N,N-dimethyl formamide
- DPA, N,N-dipropylamine
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- EPA, Environmental Protection Agency
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- HSA, Health Sciences Authority
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- ICH, International Council for Harmonisation
- LD50, median lethal dose
- MBA, N-methylamino-N-butyric acid
- MDD, maximum daily dose
- MNP, 1-methyl-4-nitrosopiperazine
- NAP, nitrosation assay procedure
- NDBA, N-nitrosodibutylamine
- NDEA, N-nitrosodiethylamine
- NDIPA, N-nitrosodiisopropylamine
- NDMA, N-nitrosodimethylamine
- NDSRIs, Nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities
- NEIPA, N-nitroso ethylisopropylamine
- NMBA, N-nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid
- NMP, N-methyl pyrrolidinone
- NOCs, N-nitroso compounds
- Nitrosamines
- Nitrosation
- PPRs, proportionate reporting ratios
- Ranitidine
- SARs, structure–activity relationships
- Sartans
- TD50, median toxic dose
- TEA, triethylamine
- TMA, trimethylamine
- TTC, threshold of toxicological concern
- USFDA, United States Food Drug and Administration
- USP, United States Pharmacopoeia
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisut Wichitnithad
- Department of Analytical Development, Pharma Nueva Co., Ltd, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Development, Pharma Nueva Co., Ltd, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Nantaphol
- Department of Clinical Development, Pharma Nueva Co., Ltd, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand.
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Xiong S, Cai C, Jiang W, Ye P, Ma Y, Liu H, Li B, Zhang X, Wei T, Sun H, Hone T, Peiris D, Mao L, Tian M. Primary health care system responses to non-communicable disease prevention and control: a scoping review of national policies in Mainland China since the 2009 health reform. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 31:100390. [PMID: 36879784 PMCID: PMC9985060 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to review China's national policies related to non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and control at the primary health care (PHC) level since China's 2009 health system reform. Policy documents from official websites of China's State Council and 20 affiliated ministries were screened, where 151 out of 1,799 were included. Thematic content analysis was performed, and fourteen 'major policy initiatives' were identified, including the basic health insurance schemes and essential public health services. Several areas showed to have strong policy support, including service delivery, health financing, and leadership/governance. Compared with WHO recommendations, several gaps remain, including lack of emphasis on multi-sectoral collaboration, underuse of non-health-professionals, and lack of quality-oriented PHC services evaluations. Over the past decade, China continues to demonstrate its policy commitment to strengthen the PHC system for NCD prevention and control. We recommend future policies to facilitate multi-sectoral collaboration, enhance community engagement, and improve performance evaluation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Xiong
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faulty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Global Health Research Centre, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Centre for Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Pengpeng Ye
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faulty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,National Centre for Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Yanqiuzi Ma
- National Centre for Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Hueiming Liu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faulty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bingqin Li
- Social Policy Research Centre, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking Univeresity Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wei
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking Univeresity Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongru Sun
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Thomas Hone
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Peiris
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faulty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Limin Mao
- Centre for Social Research in Health, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maoyi Tian
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faulty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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18
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Denysyuk HV, Pinto RJ, Silva PM, Duarte RP, Marinho FA, Pimenta L, Gouveia AJ, Gonçalves NJ, Coelho PJ, Zdravevski E, Lameski P, Leithardt V, Garcia NM, Pires IM. Algorithms for automated diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases based on ECG data: A comprehensive systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13601. [PMID: 36852052 PMCID: PMC9958295 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing around the world. However, the technology is evolving and can be monitored with low-cost sensors anywhere at any time. This subject is being researched, and different methods can automatically identify these diseases, helping patients and healthcare professionals with the treatments. This paper presents a systematic review of disease identification, classification, and recognition with ECG sensors. The review was focused on studies published between 2017 and 2022 in different scientific databases, including PubMed Central, Springer, Elsevier, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), IEEE Xplore, and Frontiers. It results in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 103 scientific papers. The study demonstrated that different datasets are available online with data related to various diseases. Several ML/DP-based models were identified in the research, where Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine were the most applied algorithms. This review can allow us to identify the techniques that can be used in a system that promotes the patient's autonomy.
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Key Words
- AI, Artificial Intelligence
- BNN, Binarized Neural Network
- CNN, Concolutional Neural Networks
- Cardiovascular diseases
- DL, Deep Learning
- DNN, Deep Neural Networks
- Diagnosis
- ECG sensors
- ECG, Electrocardiography
- GAN, Generative Adversarial Networks
- GMM, Gaussian Mixture Model
- GNB, Gaussian Naive bayes
- GRU, Gated Recurrent Unit
- LASSO, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator
- LDA, Linear Discriminant Analysis
- LR, Linear Regression
- LSTM, Long Short-Term Memory
- ML, Machine Learning
- MLP, Multiplayer Perceptron
- MLR, Multiple Linear Regression
- NLP, Natural Language Processing
- POAF, Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
- RF, Random Forest
- RNN, Recurrent Neural Network
- SHAP, SHapley Additive exPlanations
- SVM, Support Vector Machine
- Systematic review
- WHO, World Health Organization
- kNN, k-nearest neighbors
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui João Pinto
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Silva
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedro Duarte
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Francisco Alexandre Marinho
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Pimenta
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António Jorge Gouveia
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Norberto Jorge Gonçalves
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paulo Jorge Coelho
- Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers at Coimbra (INESC Coimbra), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eftim Zdravevski
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Petre Lameski
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Valderi Leithardt
- VALORIZA, Research Center for Endogenous Resources Valorization, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
- COPELABS, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Garcia
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ivan Miguel Pires
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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19
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Niaz F, Tariq S, Rana MS, Nashwan AJ, Fatima I, Afzal Y, Tariq R. The resurgence of polio: The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on polio eradication. Ethics Med Public Health 2023; 26:100858. [PMID: 36471883 PMCID: PMC9710480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Niaz
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Tariq
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M S Rana
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A J Nashwan
- Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Fatima
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Y Afzal
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - R Tariq
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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20
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Tong X, Yin P, Liu W, Chen S, Geldsetzer P, Long Z, Cheng A, Zhou M, Li Y. Spatial, temporal and demographic patterns in asthma mortality in China: A systematic analysis from 2014 to 2020. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100735. [PMID: 36789097 PMCID: PMC9900450 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is an important contributor to the burden of non-communicable diseases in China. Understanding spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in asthma mortality is relevant to the design and implementation of targeted interventions. Methods This study collected information on asthma deaths occurring across 605 disease surveillance points (DSPs) as recorded in the population-based national mortality surveillance system (NMSS) of China. Asthma was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code J45-J46. Estimates of age-standardized mortality rates and total national asthma deaths were calculated based on yearly population data. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the influence of various factors on asthma mortality. Results Between 2014 and 2020, a total of 40 116 asthma deaths occurred in DSPs. Standardized asthma mortality per 100 000 people decreased from 1.79 (95% CI: 1.74-1.83) in 2014 to 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03-1.10) in 2020 in China. In 2020, the overall asthma mortality rate was higher for male patients than for female patients, and asthma mortality rates increased substantially with age. Age-standardized asthma mortality per 100,000 people exhibited significant geographic variation, ranging from 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89-0.98) in Eastern China to 1.04 (95% CI: 0.98-1.10) in Central China and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.29-1.45) in Western China in 2020. Asthma mortality in urban areas appeared to be higher than in rural areas. Socioeconomic factors, including gross domestic product per capita and density of hospital beds per 10,000 population, may be related to asthma mortality. Male asthma patients who lived in rural areas and were aged 65 years and above were generally at high risk of asthma-related mortality. Conclusions This study found a spatial and temporal trend for a reduction in asthma deaths over seven years in China; however, there remain important sociodemographic groups that have not secured the same decrease in mortality rates. Trial registration This was a purely observational study and thus registration was not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunliang Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pascal Geldsetzer
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zheng Long
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Cheng
- Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China,WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing, China,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China,Corresponding author. National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Corresponding author. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
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21
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Zhao B, Kim JE, Moon J, Nam EW. Social engagement and subjective health among older adults in South Korea: Evidence from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2018). SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101341. [PMID: 36845671 PMCID: PMC9950723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social engagement serves as the foundation for social connections by providing a sense of belonging, social identity, and fulfillment. Previous studies have mainly focused on the one-way relationship between social engagement and subjective health among older individuals, and little attention has been paid to their mutual relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mutual association relationship between social engagement and their subjective health in older Koreans. Methods Seven waves of data samples (aged ≥60 years) from 2006 to 2018 from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) was used in this study. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared tests, 2-year lagged Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model, and cross-lagged panel model were performed to investigate the mutual association between social engagement and subjective health among six survey periods. Results Results of the GEE model revealed when controlling for other variables, older Koreans who reported good subjective health only had a higher OR (1.678 vs. 1.650, p < 0.001) of participating in social engagement than those who had bad subjective health in 2006-2008 period; the occurrence rate of more social engagement was significantly higher among older adults with good subjective health than among those with bad subjective health (five out six survey periods). Cross-lagged analysis showed similar results that coefficients of social engagement on subjective were relatively larger in three survey periods; coefficients of subjective health on social engagement were relatively larger in the other three survey periods. The impact of social engagement on subjective health might be greater than that of subjective health on social engagement. Conclusion All-around participation and engagement of older people in society have become a consensus among the international community. In view of the single social engagement activities and less relevant participation channels in Korea, government departments should consider not only regional but also local characteristics to create more social participation opportunities for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea,Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea,Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea,Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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22
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Abstract
The consumption of locally nutrient-rich edible plants in rural areas can be used to satisfy the dietary diversity of pregnant women. Date palm is one of the wild edible plants in different parts of the world. Studies on wild edible plants in Ethiopia cover only about 5 % of the country's districts. Furthermore, the nutrient composition of the palm heart of Phoenix reclinata is not yet investigated as it is commonly consumed by indigenous people in western Ethiopia. The utilization of such plants requires strong policy support based on scientific evidence to maintain the nutrition security of pregnant women. Homogeneous samples of 1000 grams (g) of palm hearts were collected randomly. The macronutrient contents were determined using standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000). The flame Photometric method was used for potassium and sodium determination. The carbohydrate concentration (g/100 g) was 78⋅2. It covers approximately 78⋅5 % of the total daily Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). In line with this, the concentrations of minerals such as potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), per milligram (mg/100 g) of the sample were 1962⋅3 and 7⋅9, respectively. The palm heart of Phoenix reclinata has many nutritional values and is important for pregnant women. Its nutrient composition is comparable with different staple foods of the country and can contribute to household food security in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Negash Kushi
- College of Health and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dessalegn Tamiru
- Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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23
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Rivière P, Penel N, Faure K, Marie G, Najem A, Rivière MK, Panaget S. Effect of medical staff training on vaccination coverage in outpatients with cancer: An interventional multicenter before-and-after study. Vaccine X 2023; 13:100261. [PMID: 36654840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite widely disseminated guidelines, pneumococcal and influenza vaccination coverage (VC) remains insufficient in patients with cancer receiving cancer treatment. We performed an interventional study to evaluate VC in patients with cancer treated at the medical oncology departments of three North-of-France hospitals and to assess the effect of medical staff training on VC in these patients. Methods A standardized questionnaire assessed VC in adult patients with cancer receiving anticancer treatment at three day hospitals during December 2-7, 2019. Subsequently (January 2020), we organized educational training sessions for medical staff from each hospital to discuss the current vaccination guidelines. To assess the impact of training on pneumococcal and influenza VC, we re-administered the same questionnaire in March 2020. Because there are no specific guidelines on Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP) vaccination and no improvement was expected, DTP VC acted as an internal control. Results In total, 272 patients from all three hospitals were enrolled in the "before study"; 156 patients from only two hospitals were enrolled in the "after study" as medical training and data collection at the third were impossible because of administrative reasons and COVID-19 pandemic. The predictors were age for DTP VC; treatment center for pneumococcal VC; and age, sex, and tumor histology (adenocarcinoma vs. others) for influenza VC. Neither influenza VC (42.6% vs. 55.1%, p = 0.08), nor pneumococcal VC were significantly improved post-intervention (11.8% vs. 15.4%, p = 1). There seems to be a small effect in the most fragile for influenza VC. Conclusion As expected, VC was very low in patients with cancer, consistent with the literature. There was no impact of the intervention for pneumococcal and influenza VC.
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24
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Alberto NRI, Alberto IRI, Puyat CVM, Antonio MAR, Ho FDV, Dee EC, Mahal BA, Eala MAB. Disparities in access to cancer diagnostics in ASEAN member countries. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 32:100667. [PMID: 36785859 PMCID: PMC9918780 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostics, including laboratory tests, medical and nuclear imaging, and molecular testing, are essential in the diagnosis and management of cancer to optimize clinical outcomes. With the continuous rise in cancer mortality and morbidity in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), there exists a critical need to evaluate the accessibility of cancer diagnostics in the region so as to direct multifaceted interventions that will address regional inequities and inadequacies in cancer care. This paper identifies existing gaps in service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, leadership and governance, and financing and how these contribute to disparities in access to cancer diagnostics in ASEAN member countries. Intersectoral health policies that will strengthen coordinated laboratory services, upscale infrastructure development, encourage health workforce production, and enable proper appropriation of funding are necessary to effectively reduce the regional cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward Christopher Dee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon A. Mahal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Ann B. Eala
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author.
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25
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Salih AM, Yazie TS, Gulente TM. Survival analysis and predictors of mortality among adult HIV/AIDS patients initiated antiretroviral therapy from 2010 to 2015 in Dubti General Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12840. [PMID: 36685372 PMCID: PMC9850048 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is well accepted to increase survival of patients with HIV/AIDS, AIDS related deaths continue to be a major problem in sub-Saharan Africa like Ethiopia. Studies have showed variable findings in the survival status of patients with HIV/AIDS initiating ART, and there was no such study in the study area. Therefore, purpose of this study was to determine the survival and predictors of mortality among HIV/AIDS patients starting taking ART in Dubti General Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia. Methods A 5 year retrospective cohort study was performed among 702 HIV/AIDS patients aged ≥15 years that started ART between December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2015 in Dubti General Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects from each WHO stage based stratum. Socio-demographic, clinical and survival status data were extracted by reviewing patients' records. Data were analyzed by using SPSS Version 21. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression models were used to estimate survival, and explore predictors of mortality. Variables with a p value of <0.05 in multivariate Cox regression analysis were considered statistically significant. Results Among 702 study participants, 82 (11.7%) died during follow up, and the overall incidence rate of mortality was 5.81 per 100 person-years. Identified predictors of mortality were being not married (AHR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.97-6.99), had no formal education (AHR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.33-4.38), bedridden functional status (AHR = 5.91, 95% CI: 2.71-12.88), advanced WHO stage III and IV (AHR = 4.36, 95% CI: 2.20-8.64), BMI 16-18.4 kg/m2 (AHR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.50-6.13), and BMI<16.0 kg/m2 (AHR = 5.47; 95% CI: 2.85-10.50), CD4 count ≤50 cells/mm3 (AHR = 6.62, 95% CI: 4.73-8.52), hemoglobin <8 g/dl (AHR = 5.21; 95% CI: 2.64-10.26), not used cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (AHR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.61-4.73), stavudine based regimen (AHR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.32-4.13), and zidovudine based regimen (AHR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.41-4.39). Conclusion High mortality was observed in this cohort, and participants with stage III and IV, low CD4 count, low hemoglobin level, bed ridden functional status, low BMI should be closely monitored even with the scarce resources. In addition, the use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy should be more encouraged to increase survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taklo Simeneh Yazie
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box 272, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
| | - Tesfaye Molla Gulente
- Curative and Rehabilitative Department, Afar National Regional State Health Bureau, Afar, Ethiopia
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26
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Abstract
Tobacco is a threat to public health in South-East Asia and its control should be a priority. However, many common assumptions about tobacco control may not hold true for the region and can misdirect policy. The substantial health risks associated with smokeless tobacco have been largely misunderstood and neglected. The syndemic association between tuberculosis and tobacco has also been overlooked. Similarly, less attention has been paid to address second-hand smoke exposure of pregnant women to indoor smoking (caused predominantly by men). On the other hand, our poor understanding of the diverse tobacco supply chain has been blocking progress in tobacco control. Finally, the rising popularity of electronic cigarettes has thrown new challenges; many governments, concerned for its youth, have banned such products. We argue for a nuanced approach to tobacco control in South-East Asia. We also encourage a wider debate in public health, where other established assumptions may be hampering progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York and Hull York Medical School, Seebohm Rowntree building, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Arora
- HRIDAY, New Delhi, and Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Thane, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Abstract
Consumption of alcohol in excess leads to substantial medical, economic, and societal burdens. Approximately 5.3% of all global deaths may be attributed to alcohol consumption. Moreover, the burden of alcohol associated liver disease (ALD) accounts for 5.1% of all disease and injury worldwide. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects men more than women globally with significant years of life loss to disability in low, middle and well-developed countries. Precise data on global estimates of alcohol related steatosis, alcohol related hepatitis, and alcohol related cirrhosis have been challenging to obtain. In the United States (US), alcohol related steatosis has been estimated at 4.3% based on NHANES data which has remained stable over 14 years. However, alcohol-related fibrotic liver disease has increased over the same period. In those with AUD, the prevalence of alcohol related hepatitis has been estimated at 10-35%. Globally, the prevalence of alcohol-associated cirrhosis has been estimated at 23.6 million individuals for compensated cirrhosis and 2.46 million for those with decompensated cirrhosis. The contribution of ALD to global mortality and disease burden of liver related deaths is substantial. In 2016 liver disease related to AUD contributed to 50% of the estimated liver disease deaths for age groups 15 years and above. Data from the US report high cost burdens associated with those admitted with alcohol-related liver complications. Finally, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with marked increase in alcohol consumption worldwide and will likely increase the burden of ALD.
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Key Words
- AAPC, Average annual percentage change
- ABIC, Age, Serum bilirubin, INR and serum Creatinine
- ABV, Alcohol by volume
- ALD, Alcohol-associated liver disease
- AUD, Alcohol use disorder
- BAC, Blood alcohol concentration
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- GAHS, Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score
- HE, Hepatic encephalopathy
- HRS, Hepatorenal syndrome
- ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition
- MDF, Maddrey's Discriminant Function
- MELD, Model of end-stage liver disease
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NIAAA, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- NIS, National inpatient sample
- NSDUH, Annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health
- SAMHSA, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- US, United States
- USG, Ultrasonography
- WHO, World Health Organization
- YLD, Years of life lost to disability
- alcohol
- alcohol use disorder
- alcoholic cirrhosis
- alcoholic hepatitis
- alcoholic steatosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Aslam
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 430 Broadway, Pavilion C, 3rd Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Paul Y. Kwo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 430 Broadway, Pavilion C, 3rd Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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Vatsa R, Ghimire U, Sapkota S, Subedi RK. Spatial distribution of stunting and wasting in 6-59 months children in Nepal: analysis using a Bayesian distributional bivariate probit model. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e25. [PMID: 36843979 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined burden of stunting and wasting in children under five years is a serious public health concern. The present study aimed to estimate the joint burden of stunting and wasting among children aged 6-59 months and explore its spatial variation across Nepal. The 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data was used to study acute and chronic childhood malnutrition. A Bayesian distributional bivariate probit geoadditive model was designed to study the linear association and geographical variation of stunting and wasting among 6-59 months, children. Child-related factors such as low birth weight, fever in the last 2 weeks preceding the survey and fourth or greater birth order were associated with a higher likelihood of stunting. The likelihood of a child being stunted was significantly less in the wealthiest households, having improved toilet facilities, and if mothers were overweight. Children from severely food insecure households were significantly more likely, and children from poorer households were significantly less likely to suffer both acute and chronic malnutrition simultaneously. Results from spatial effect showed that children from Lumbini and Karnali had a higher burden of stunting, and the likelihood that achild would have been wasted was significantly higher in Madhesh and Province 1. Immediate nutritional efforts are vital in low-income and severely food insecure households to lessen the risk of stunting and wasting in under children. Disproportionate geographic variations in stunting and wasting warrant sub-regional-specific nutrition intervention to achieve nutrition targets and reduce the burden of childhood malnutrition across the country.
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Paul JN, Mbalawata IS, Mirau SS, Masandawa L. Mathematical modeling of vaccination as a control measure of stress to fight COVID-19 infections. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2023; 166:112920. [PMID: 36440088 PMCID: PMC9678855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The world experienced the life-threatening COVID-19 disease worldwide since its inversion. The whole world experienced difficult moments during the COVID-19 period, whereby most individual lives were affected by the disease socially and economically. The disease caused millions of illnesses and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. To fight and control the COVID-19 disease intensity, mathematical modeling was an essential tool used to determine the potentiality and seriousness of the disease. Due to the effects of the COVID-19 disease, scientists observed that vaccination was the main option to fight against the disease for the betterment of human lives and the world economy. Unvaccinated individuals are more stressed with the disease, hence their body's immune system are affected by the disease. In this study, the S V E I H R deterministic model of COVID-19 with six compartments was proposed and analyzed. Analytically, the next-generation matrix method was used to determine the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ). Detailed stability analysis of the no-disease equilibrium ( E 0 ) of the proposed model to observe the dynamics of the system was carried out and the results showed that E 0 is stable if R 0 < 1 and unstable when R 0 > 1 . The Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for the parameter identifiability was discussed. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of R 0 showed that vaccination was an essential method to control the disease. With the presence of a vaccine in our S V E I H R model, the results showed that R 0 = 0 . 208 , which means COVID-19 is fading out of the community and hence minimizes the transmission. Moreover, in the absence of a vaccine in our model, R 0 = 1 . 7214 , which means the disease is in the community and spread very fast. The numerical simulations demonstrated the importance of the proposed model because the numerical results agree with the sensitivity results of the system. The numerical simulations also focused on preventing the disease to spread in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nicodemus Paul
- School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Isambi Sailon Mbalawata
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, NEI Global Secretariat, Rue KG590 ST, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Silas Steven Mirau
- School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Lemjini Masandawa
- School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
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Hernandez-Tejero M, Clemente-Sanchez A, Bataller R. Spectrum, Screening, and Diagnosis of Alcohol-related Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:75-87. [PMID: 36647416 PMCID: PMC9840079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) represents one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and is a major cause of liver-related deaths worldwide. ALD encompasses a range of disorders including simple steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with underlying ALD and continued heavy alcohol consumption can also develop an episode of acute-on-chronic liver injury called alcohol-associated hepatitis, the most severe form of the disease, which portends a poor prognosis. The most important risk factor for the development of ALD is the amount of alcohol consumed. Individual susceptibility to progression to advanced fibrosis among heavy drinkers is likely determined by a combination of behavioral, environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. The only effective therapy for ALD is prolonged alcohol abstinence. Diagnosis of ALD involves assessing patients for alcohol use disorder and signs of advanced liver disease. In clinical practice, the histological assessment for ALD diagnosis is uncommon, and it is usually based on the medical history, clinical manifestations, and laboratory and imaging tests. Several promising biomarkers that can have both diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with ALD have been identified in recent years. This review provides an overview of the clinical spectrum of ALD, the diagnostic approach of the disease from different perspectives as well as current diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Key Words
- AH, alcohol-associated hepatitis
- ALD, alcohol-related liver disease
- ASH, alcoholic steatohepatitis
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUD, alcohol use disorder
- AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
- CAGE, Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener
- DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth edition
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- INR, international normalized ratio
- LSM, liver stiffness measurement
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PCF, pericellular fibrosis
- SFS, SALVE fibrosis stages
- SHG, SALVE Histopathology Group
- TE, transient elastography
- WHO, World Health Organization
- alcohol-associated hepatitis
- alcohol-related liver cirrhosis
- alcohol-related liver disease
- alcoholic steatohepatitis
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez-Tejero
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ana Clemente-Sanchez
- Liver Unit, Digestive Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University of Madrid, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Marcellin F, Mourad A, Lemoine M, Kouanfack C, Seydi M, Carrieri P, Attia A, Protopopescu C, Lacombe K, Boyer S. Patient-reported outcomes with direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C in West and Central Africa (TAC ANRS 12311 trial). JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100665. [PMID: 36686592 PMCID: PMC9853347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are poorly documented for patients with chronic hepatitis C on direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in low-to-middle-income countries. We documented PROs during and after DAA treatment in participants of the TAC ANRS 12311 trial (West and Central Africa). Methods Trial participants received a 12-week regimen containing either sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (HCV genotype 2, n = 40), or sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir (HCV genotypes 1 and 4, n = 80). Health-related quality of life (SF-12), fatigue (Piper Fatigue scale), and self-reported symptoms (35-symptom list) were assessed at enrolment (Week (W) 0), during treatment (W2, W4, W8 and W12) and after treatment (W24 and W36). These PROs were compared between W0 and W36 (Wilcoxon signed-rank or McNemar tests). Mixed-effects linear regression models helped identify correlates of physical and mental quality of life component summaries (PCS and MCS) in a longitudinal analysis. Results Most PROs were significantly improved 24 weeks after treatment end (W36), without significant differences between treatment groups. For the post-treatment period, multivariable analysis showed significant increases in PCS for patients with cirrhosis and in MCS for patients in the sofosbuvir plus ribavirin group. A higher number of self-reported symptoms at W0 was associated with lower PCS and MCS, older age and cirrhosis with lower PCS, and male sex and HCV cure with higher PCS. Conclusions Sofosbuvir-based DAA therapy was associated with a significant improvement in PROs 6 months after treatment end in patients with chronic HCV infection from Central and West Africa. These findings may guide HCV treatment providers in low-to-middle-income countries to deliver pre-treatment information concerning the benefits of DAAs beyond viral eradication. ClinicalTrialsgov Identifier NCT02405013. Impact and implications Perceptions and experiences (i.e. "patient-reported outcomes") of patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are poorly documented in the African setting. This study shows significant improvements in health-related quality of life, fatigue, and self-reported symptoms 24 weeks after the end of a 12-week sofosbuvir-based DAA regimen in 120 patients from Central and West Africa. These findings substantially add to the body of knowledge about DAA therapy in the African setting. Treatment providers should be encouraged to inform patients of the benefits of DAAs beyond viral eradication, to increase treatment adherence and retention in care.
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Key Words
- DAA, direct-acting antiviral
- EOT, end-of-treatment
- HRQL, health-related quality of life
- LMICs, low-to-middle income countries
- MCS, mental component summary
- MOS SF-12, Medical Outcomes Study 12-item short-form general health survey
- MOS, Medical Outcomes Study
- PCS, physical component summary
- PROs, patient-reported outcomes
- SOF/LDV, sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir
- SOF/RBV, sofosbuvir plus ribavirin
- SVR, sustained virological response
- W, week
- WHO, World Health Organization
- West Africa
- direct-acting antivirals
- health-related quality of life
- hepatitis C
- symptoms
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Abbas Mourad
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Charles Kouanfack
- Hôpital de Jour, Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Cameroon,Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Moussa Seydi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Fann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Attia
- Service d’hépatologie, CHU Yopougon, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France,Corresponding author. Address: UMR 1252 SESSTIM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine 3e étage - Aile Bleue 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5 – France. Tel.: +33 4 13 73 22 90..
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, France,APHP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Boyer
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
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Faruk MO, Devnath P, Kar S, Eshaa EA, Naziat H. Perception and determinants of Social Networking Sites (SNS) on spreading awareness and panic during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Health Policy Open 2022; 3:100075. [PMID: 35915626 PMCID: PMC9330577 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented and unique fallout worldwide and creates colossal disruption in human survival. During the pandemic, social networking sites (SNS) played a significant role in disseminating news related to the pandemic. Methods This research is based on primary data collected from 400 successful respondents via online Google Form. Bivariate Pearson's Chi-square and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the impact of the explanatory variables on the study variables. Results This study reveals that most respondents (n = 360, 90 %) use SNS to get up-to-date news, and 72.5 % (n = 290) read health-related information. The highest number of participants (n = 386, 96.5 %) were Facebook users. Multivariate binary logistic regression reveals that "reading news on SNS" and "sharing information related to COVID-19 on social media" significantly influence the spread of awareness of COVID-19. "Unauthentic news sources" and "stop using social media to stay away from panic" also have a substantial impact on the spread of panic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion SNS has become an inevitable medium of information carrier nowadays. Social media users are found significantly aware of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study might assist the concerned persons in taking the necessary steps to propagate authentic news and regulate appropriate policies to prevent spreading misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Omar Faruk
- Department of Statistics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh,Corresponding author
| | - Popy Devnath
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sanchita Kar
- Institure for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Kalshi Road, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
| | - Eshiika Afsana Eshaa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Hakka Naziat
- Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
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Widysanto A, Prasetya IB, Meriyanti T, Sungono V, Setiawan DL, Gunawan E, Adiputra B, Lorens JO, Santi T, Pradhana CML, Yusuf I, Gunawan C. The risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 antibody level differences in healthcare workers post vaccination in Siloam hospitals: A nationwide multicenter study. Infect Med (Beijing) 2022; 1:229-235. [PMID: 38013914 PMCID: PMC9581641 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Several vaccines have been approved against COVID-19, and 5 have been used in Indonesia. Due to the decrease in antibody levels 3 to 6 months after the second dose of CoronaVac, healthcare workers received the third booster of mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273) to increase the antibody level. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of anti-S-RBD IgG levels differences in healthcare workers. Methods This study is a retrospective cohort study of 576 healthcare workers without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who received 2 doses of CoronaVac and the third dose of mRNA-1273 6 months after the second dose. Blood samples were obtained 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th weeks after the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine administration, with mRNA-1273 booster on week 20. Quantitative measurements of IgG antibodies were performed with Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. We identify the baseline factors predicting post-vaccination antibody titers using univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results This study comprised 576 participants aged 32 years old, 72.05% female, and 45.84% from high-risk occupation subgroups. The median antibodies titer level on the 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th weeks after the second vaccine dose administration were 40.99 u/mL, 42.01 u/mL, 54.78 u/mL, and 23,225 u/mL. Antibody levels trended highest in female and younger age group (20-29 years old). Conclusions The third dose of vaccine increased the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody titers and eliminated differences in antibodies titer by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Widysanto
- Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Banten, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Ignatius Bima Prasetya
- Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Banten, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Banten, Indonesia
| | | | - Veli Sungono
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Banten, Indonesia
| | | | - Edy Gunawan
- Clinical Research Department Siloam Hospitals Group, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Adiputra
- Clinical Research Department Siloam Hospitals Group, Banten, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Irawan Yusuf
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Banten, Indonesia
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Bamou R, Tchuinkam T, Kopya E, Awono-Ambene P, Njiokou F, Mwangangi J, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria control among communities living in the south Cameroon forest region. IJID Reg 2022; 5:169-176. [PMID: 36467507 PMCID: PMC9713328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding malaria among communities living in the equatorial forest region of south Cameroon. METHODS The study was conducted in Olama and Nyabessan. Interviews were undertaken using a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection on KAP, while malaria rapid diagnostic testing, using SD BIOLINE kits, was employed for malaria parasite detection. RESULTS In total, 186 heads of households (HoH), comprising 105 (56.45%) males and 81 (43.45%) females, were interviewed. The majority of HoH demonstrated good knowledge of malaria (86.56%; n = 161) and control measures, with a high proportion of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) ownership (96.8%; n = 180). More than two-thirds (81.1%; n = 151) of households owned at least one LLIN for two people. The majority of HoH (85.40%) declared visiting hospitals or clinics in cases of suspected malaria. Malaria parasite prevalence was high in the two study sites (63.9% in Nyabessan and 48.65% in Olama), and varied according to age, house type, and sleeping time. CONCLUSION The study indicated that despite good knowledge of malaria, high possession and utilization of control measures by population, transmission of malaria still persist in the area. The study stress the need for implementing additional control measures to improve the fight against malaria in the area.
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Key Words
- Cameroon
- HoH, head of household
- IRS, indoor residual spraying
- KAP
- KAP, knowledge, attitude, and practice
- LLIN, long-lasting insecticidal net
- MoH, Ministry of Health. PBO, piperonyl butoxide
- NMCP, National Malaria Control Program
- WHO, World Health Organization
- forested area
- mRDT, malaria rapid diagnostic test
- malaria determinants
- malaria prevalence
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Bamou
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang
- Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Mwangangi
- Center for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Vector Disease Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kwale, Kenya
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Samweli LG, Sesera AJ, Mushi V, Silvestri V, Palilo H, John W, Yangaza YE, Tarimo D. Intestinal schistosomiasis among secondary school students in Northern Tanzania: prevalence, infection intensity and associated risk factors. IJID Reg 2022; 6:125-134. [PMID: 36846075 PMCID: PMC9945699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Our study investigated the prevalence, infection intensity and associated risk factors of intestinal schistosomiasis among secondary school students in Shinyanga Municipal Council, Northern Tanzania. Methods A quantitative school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2022 among 620 secondary students. One stool specimen per participant was collected and screened for Schistosoma mansoni ova by microscopy using the Kato-Katz technique. Ova were counted to estimate infection intensity in all positive stool samples. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for intestinal schistosomiasis were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results Overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 1.9%. All infected participants had light infection intensity. Overall prevalence of other intestinal parasites was 2.7%, with Hookworm spp (17.6%) and Entamoeba coli (52.9%) the most observed intestinal helminth and protozoa, respectively. Among assessed factors, being in form II or III, visiting water sources and doing activities in water sources were statistically significantly associated with increased risk of S. mansoni transmission. Conclusions There is ongoing transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis among secondary students. Hence, the need for extending praziquantel administration in this group, health education provision, and improvement of water supply, sanitation and hygienic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian G Samweli
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Angel J Sesera
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vivian Mushi
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,Corresponding author: Vivian Mushi, P. O. Box 65011, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Valeria Silvestri
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hoseenu Palilo
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Winfrida John
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Donath Tarimo
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Alemu G, Diddana TZ, Bosha T, Alemu T, Alemayehu FR, Hailemariam H, Daba AK, Getachew M. Zinc deficiency among pregnant women around Lake Awasa, Hawassa City, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional analysis. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e102. [PMID: 36452399 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency (ZD) during pregnancy has far-reaching consequences on the mother, fetus and subsequent child survival. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of ZD among pregnant women around Lake Awasa, Hawassa City, Ethiopia. To this end, a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 randomly sampled pregnant women from 08 April to 08 May 2021. The socio-economic, dietary intake, water, sanitation and hygiene, obstetric, and maternal health data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Moreover, on-spot blood and stool samples were taken. Descriptive statistics and binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted. The prevalence of ZD was 58⋅6 % (95 % CI 53⋅31, 63⋅89). The poorest (AOR = 3⋅28; 95 % CI 1⋅26, 8⋅50) and poor (AOR = 2⋅93; 95 % CI 1⋅14, 7⋅54) wealth quintiles, four of more family size (AOR = 1⋅84, 95 % CI 1⋅10, 3⋅35), poor dietary diversity (AOR = 4⋅11; 95 % CI 2⋅11, 7⋅62), not eating snacks (AOR = 3⋅40; 95 % CI 1⋅42, 8⋅15), not consuming fish (AOR = 3⋅53; 95 % CI 1⋅65, 7⋅56) and chicken (AOR = 2⋅53; 95 % CI 1⋅31, 4⋅88) at least once a month, and intestinal parasitic infection (AOR = 2⋅78; 95 % CI 1⋅52, 5⋅08) predicted zinc deficiency. In conclusion, ZD is a public health problem among pregnant women around Lake Awasa. The present study demonstrated that poor socio-economic status, large family size, poor nutritional practices and intestinal parasitic infection determine the zinc status in the present study area. The findings suggest the need for further analysis to deepen the understanding about ZD and consideration of livelihood in interventions to prevent and control ZD among pregnant women in Hawassa City, Ethiopia.
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Key Words
- AOR, adjusted odds ratio
- CI, confidence interval
- COR, crude odds ratio
- Ethiopia
- Hawassa City
- IBM, International Business Machine
- IZiNCG, International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group
- Lake Awasa
- N, total number participants
- Pregnant Women
- UNICEF, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
- WASH, Water, sanitation and hygiene
- WHO, World Health Organization
- ZD, zinc deficiency
- Zinc Deficiency
- sd, standard deviation
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Faustini FT, Mniachi AR, Msengwa AS. Coexistence and correlates of forms of malnutrition among mothers and under-five child pairs in Tanzania. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e103. [PMID: 36452398 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the health and well-being of mothers and children is a priority worldwide. The present study aimed to examine the coexistence and correlates of malnutrition among mothers and under-five child pairs using Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2015-16 data. Height-for-age, height-for-weight and weight-for-age Z-scores were used to assess the nutritional status of children, while body mass index was used to assess the nutritional status of mothers. Correlates of forms of malnutrition were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Among 8083 pairs, 40⋅9 % were normal, 30⋅3 % were underweight, 17⋅5 % overweight and 11⋅3 % had double burden of malnutrition. The risk of being underweight is highest among the pairs with; children aged 13-59 months (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2⋅33) and children with small birth weight (RRR = 2⋅67). Overweight is highest among pairs with; mothers aged 35-49 (RRR = 3⋅36), mothers with secondary education and above (RRR = 1⋅85), fathers aged 35+ (RRR = 1⋅38), professional fathers (RRR = 4⋅10) and richer households (RRR = 2⋅06). The double burden of malnutrition is highest among pairs with; children with small birth weight (RRR = 2⋅76), from rural households (RRR = 1⋅24) and from richer households (RRR = 1⋅41). There is a coexistence of forms of malnutrition among mothers and under-five child pairs in Tanzania. The study recommends using multidimensional approaches such as double-duty action for nutrition to eradicate all forms of malnutrition.
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Saizan A, Dean OR, Scott GA, Mannava KA, Mercurio MG. Vulvar leukemia cutis: A case report and review of the literature. JAAD Case Rep 2023; 31:97-101. [PMID: 36568892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Key Words
- ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene
- B-cell lymphoma
- BIRC3, baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3
- BTK, Bruton's tyrosine kinas
- CLL
- CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CT, computed tomography
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- IL-4, IL-5, interleukin-4, interleukin-5
- LC, leukemia cutis
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PIK3R1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1
- PLC, phospholipase C
- WHO, World Health Organization
- ZAP-70, zeta-chain-associated protein kinase-70
- cGY, centigray
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- cutaneous lymphoma
- leukemia cutis
- ulcerative
- vulvovaginal
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Tegegne M, Abate KH, Belachew T. Anaemia and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in agrarian community of Bale zone: a cross-sectional study. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e96. [PMID: 36405097 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaemia remains among the most prevalent nutritional problems among children in developing countries. In Ethiopia, more than half of children <5 years of age are anaemic. In the early stages of life, it leads to poor cognitive performance, delay psychomotor development and decreases working capacity in later life. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia among children aged 6-23 months in the Bale zone. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2021. Multistage stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 770 samples. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, child health and feeding practices. Haemoglobin levels were estimated using a portable Hemosmart machine. Children with haemoglobin values below 11 g/dl were considered anaemic. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with anaemia. Statistical significance was set at P < 0⋅05. The prevalence of anaemia was 47⋅9 % (95 % CI (44⋅4, 51⋅5)). The multivariate analysis showed that child age (6-11 months) (AOR 1⋅47; 95 % CI (1⋅06, 2⋅03)), household food insecurity (AOR 1⋅44; 95 % CI (1⋅01, 2⋅04)), having diarrhoea and cough in the past 2 weeks (AOR 1⋅70; 95 % CI (1⋅18, 2⋅44)) and (AOR 1⋅97; 95 % CI (1⋅28, 3⋅04), respectively), not consuming the recommended dietary diversity (AOR 2⋅72; 95 % CI (1⋅96, 3⋅77)) and stunting (AOR 1⋅88; 95 % CI (1⋅31, 2⋅70)) were significantly associated with anaemia. Anaemia in children aged 6-23 months was a severe public health problem in the study area. Integrated nutritional interventions combined with iron fortification and supplementation is recommended.
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Key Words
- AOR, adjusted odds ratio
- Anaemia
- CI, confidence interval
- COR, crude odds ratio
- Child
- Cross-sectional
- EDHS, Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
- FANTA, Food and Nutritional Technical Assistance
- GPS, global positioning system
- HAZ, height-for-age Z-score
- HFIAS, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale
- HHFSS, household food security status
- Haemoglobin
- Hb, haemoglobin
- IDA, iron deficiency anaemia
- INNP, National Nutritional Program
- IYCF, Infant and Young Child Feeding
- Infant
- OR, odds ratio
- PCA, principal component analysis
- WAZ, weight-for-age Z-score
- WHO, World Health Organization
- WHZ, weight-for-height Z-score
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Gounni A, Ouhaibi S, Belouaggadia N, El Alami M. Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on building energy consumption using Phase Change Materials (PCM) and insulation: A case study in six climatic zones of Morocco. J Energy Storage 2022; 55:105374. [PMID: 35936978 PMCID: PMC9340464 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2022.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 caused a significant impact on many sectors, including the energy demand in building due to the quarantine. This paper overviews the impact of the restriction's measures caused by the spread of COVID 19 on energy consumption in a residential building for three building constructions under six climatic conditions referring to the representative zones of the recent Moroccan climatic zoning. The three-building constructions are Reference House without any passive energy efficiency, Insulation House equipped with thermal insulation in external wall and roof and PCM House equipped with PCM (Phase Change Materials). The three houses are simulated by means of dynamic simulation using TRNSYS software. The quarantine in which the occupants have to stay all-time at home is compared to an ordinary occupancy scenario in terms of energy demand to reach the desired thermal comfort. The major finding of this work is that quarantine can significantly impact the cooling loads than the heating demand depending on building constructions and climatic conditions. The rising-rate in annual energy needs is the range of 10 %-35 %. The impact of the number of occupants is also investigated in respect to the two occupancy scenarios, the three-building constructions and under the six climatic conditions. The results show that when increasing the number of the inhabitants from 2 to 4, under the quarantine period, the energy demand of the PCM house is increased to 50 % depending on the climatic zones.
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Key Words
- COVID-19 lockdown
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease
- Energy consumption
- IEA, International Energy Agency
- PCM, Phase Change Materials
- Phase Change Materials
- RTCM, Règlement Thermique de Construction au Maroc
- Residential building
- WHO, World Health Organization
- Z, Zone
- g, Gain
- inf, Infiltration
- surf, Surface
- vent, ventilation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Gounni
- LPMMAT Lab, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salma Ouhaibi
- M2S2I Lab, ENSET, Hassan II University, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | | | - Mustapha El Alami
- LPMMAT Lab, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
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Ayares G, Idalsoaga F, Arnold J, Fuentes-López E, Arab JP, Díaz LA. Public Health Measures and Prevention of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1480-1491. [PMID: 36340308 PMCID: PMC9630023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazardous alcohol consumption causes approximately 4% of deaths globally, constituting one of the leading risk factors for the burden of the disease worldwide. Alcohol has several health consequences, such as alcohol-associated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, nonliver neoplasms, physical injury, cardiac disease, and psychiatric disorders. Alcohol misuse significantly affects workforce productivity, with elevated direct and indirect economic costs. Due to the high impact of alcohol consumption on the population, public health has led to the development of a range of strategies to reduce its harmful effects. Regulatory public health policies (PHP) for alcohol can exist at the global, regional, international, national, or subnational levels. Effective strategies incorporate a multilevel, multicomponent approach, targeting multiple determinants of drinking and alcohol-related harms. The World Health Organization categorizes the PHP into eight categories: national plan to fight the harmful consequences of alcohol, national license and production and selling control, taxes control and pricing policies, limiting drinking age, restrictions on alcohol access, driving-related alcohol policies, control over advertising and promotion, and government monitoring systems. These policies are supported by evidence from different populations, demonstrating that determinants of alcohol use depend on several factors such as socioeconomic level, age, sex, ethnicity, production, availability, marketing, and others. Although most policies have a significant individual effect, a higher number of PHP are associated with a lower burden of disease due to alcohol. The excessive consequences of alcohol constitute a call for action, and clinicians should advocate for developing and implementing a new PHP on alcohol consumption.
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Key Words
- ACLF, Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
- ALD, Alcohol-associated Liver Disease
- AUC, Area Under the Curve
- AUD, Alcohol Use Disorder
- AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
- AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Concise
- AVT, Alcohol Volumetric Tax
- BAC, Blood Alcohol Concentration
- DALYs, Disability-adjusted life years
- GDP, Gross domestic product
- PHP, Public Health Policies
- PNPLA3, Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain-containing 3
- USA, United States
- USD, United States Dollars
- WHO, World Health Organization
- alcohol use disorders
- alcohol-associated hepatitis
- cirrhosis
- fatty liver disease
- steatosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ayares
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Idalsoaga
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Arnold
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-López
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Saha J, Chouhan P. Malaria attack and COVID-19 pandemic: Is it a double burdening public health concern? Parasite Epidemiol Control 2022; 19:e00277. [PMID: 36249291 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bent RK, Faihs V, Tizek L, Biedermann T, Zink A, Brockow K. PEG allergy - A COVID-19 pandemic-made problem? A German perspective. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100714. [PMID: 36337297 PMCID: PMC9618425 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used for decades, but only caused allergic reactions exceptionally. Introduction of PEG-containing COVID-19 vaccines might have fostered public interest beyond medical reasoning. Objectives To investigate the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the public interest in PEG allergy in Germany and the published PEG allergy cases worldwide. Methods A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted to measure public interest in PEG allergy analyzing Google search volume in Germany from February 2018 to January 2022. Medically confirmed “PEG allergy” cases were analyzed by looking at the numbers of PubMed case reports and case series from 1977 until January 2022. Results Web results in Germany before COVID-19 show search volumes related to “PEG allergy/testing” was negligible, with 10 search queries per month. The pandemic led to a >200-fold increase from 250 queries 2 years before to 55 720 queries 2 years thereafter, reflecting tremendous public interest. Additionally, the maximum monthly search volume from before to during the pandemic increased immensely for “vaccination” (57-fold), “vaccination and adverse effects” (85-fold), “vaccination and allergy” (71-fold). In contrast, the increase of publication numbers for the search term “PEG allergy” was small from 2019 to 2021 (2.5-fold). Only a very low number of 211 cases with “PEG allergy” worldwide since 1977 could be identified. Conclusion PEG allergy became a topic of major public interest because of COVID-19 vaccination. Scientific publications have increased to a lesser extent, probably promoted by public awareness. Conversely, the overall number of cases published with PEG allergy remain very low. The current high demand for COVID-19 vaccination allergy testing is triggered by public interest instead of medical reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Knut Brockow
- Corresponding author. Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany
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Elbarazi I, Yacoub M, Reyad OA, Abdou MS, Elhadi YAM, Kheirallah KA, Ababneh BF, Hamada BA, El Saeh HM, Ali N, Rahma AT, Tahoun MM, Ghazy RM. Exploring enablers and barriers toward COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Arabs: A qualitative study. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2022; 82:103304. [PMID: 36193257 PMCID: PMC9519527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rapid vaccine development, research interest in vaccine hesitancy (VH) has increased. Research usually focuses on quantitative estimates which largely neglected the qualitative underpinnings of this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore the beliefs and views towards COVID-19 vaccination among Arabs in different countries. Furthermore, we explored the effect of confidence in the healthcare system, misinformation, and scientific approaches adopted to mitigate COVID-19 on how individuals are following the recommended preventative actions including vaccination. METHODS This study was based on the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE)-VH Model: A qualitative design that utilized in-depth, online interviews. The study was conducted in seven Arab countries (Egypt, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Libya, Sudan, United Arab Emirates and Jordan) from June 2020 to December 2021. Transcripts were analyzed using NVivo 12 Software. RESULTS A total of 100 participants, 44 males and 56 females, of different age groups (37.1 ± 11.56 years) were interviewed. Findings revealed six themes as enablers and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination. Many participants indicated trusting the vaccines, the healthcare systems, and the vaccination policies were the main driver to get the vaccine. Participants showed concerns towards potential long-term vaccine effects. A consistent inclination towards collective responsibility, which is the willingness to protect others by own vaccination, was also reported. CONCLUSION Enablers and barriers of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in the Arab region, from sociocultural and political perspectives, are critical to guide policymakers in designing target-oriented interventions that can improve vaccine acceptance.
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Key Words
- Arab Countries
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- ECDC, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- GDP, Gross Domestic Product
- HCWs, Health care workers
- KSA, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
- LMIC, Low- and middle-income countries
- PI, Principal investigator
- Qualitative
- SAGE
- SAGE, Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization
- SARS-CoV-2
- UAE, United Arab Emirates
- US, United States
- VH, Vaccine hesitancy
- Vaccine acceptance
- Vaccine hesitancy
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Yacoub
- English Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Omar Ahmed Reyad
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology Clinical Pharmacy Department, Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa Shawky Abdou
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Yasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi
- Department of Public Health, Medical Research Office, Sudanese Medical Research Association, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Bayan F Ababneh
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Bayan Abu Hamada
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider M El Saeh
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Nancy Ali
- Department of Communication and Media, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Azhar T Rahma
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Mostafa Tahoun
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Shalimar, Priya S, Gupta H, Bansal B, Elhence A, Krishna Kishore RV, Goel A. A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Low-Risk Population in India. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1438-1444. [PMID: 36340297 PMCID: PMC9630020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission will help in targeted screening of people who are at risk for HCV. Method Indian studies, published between January 1989 and June 2020, were systematically reviewed to identify the relevant studies. We searched electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google scholar to identify the original data published in English language. The full-text studies, published in any form, which reported data on risk factors for HCV transmission among low-risk population were selected. The studies which exclusively included high-risk groups were excluded. Results Data were extracted from 31,176 participants included in 25 studies (median [range] 40 [7-20,113). The participants were HCV infected patients who visited the hospital (n = 10), community population (n = 6), pregnant women (n = 5), blood donors (n = 2), people with diabetes mellitus (n = 1), army recruits (n = 1), or slum dwellers (n = 1). These studies provided data on blood transfusion, use of unsafe injections, minor or major surgery, unsafe dental procedures, tattooing, body piercing, obstetrical procedures, unsafe shaving, intravenous drug use, and unsafe sexual practices as risk factors for HCV transmission. Conclusion Unsafe injections, body piercing, unsafe dental procedure, unsafe shaving, and tattooing were identified as major risk factors for reported by HCV population participants.More data are needed to identify the risk factors for HCV in Indian population. Risk-factor-targeted screening may increase the yield and reduce the cost of HCV screening in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sai Priya
- Department of General Medicine, Kalyan Singh Super Specialty Cancer Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Hardik Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavik Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi V. Krishna Kishore
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Smith TJ, Sitthideth D, Tan X, Arnold CD, Kounnavong S, Hess SY. Nutrition and health-seeking practices during pregnancy and lactation and potential strategies to increase micronutrient intakes among women in northern Lao PDR. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e95. [PMID: 36405099 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to and utilisation of antenatal care (ANC) is important for optimising health and nutrition during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess adherence to and factors associated with ANC and antenatal supplement use among Laotian women, and consider culturally appropriate strategies to increase micronutrient intakes. Mother-child (aged 21 d to <18 months) dyads (n 699) enrolled in a hospital-based prospective cohort study with the community comparison group in Luang Prabang province were interviewed about their antenatal history, supplement use, household sociodemographic and dietary practices, including postpartum food avoidances. Ninety percent of women (mean age 24⋅7 ± 6⋅3 years) reported receiving ANC during their pregnancy, with the majority reporting four to seven contacts, while 84⋅6 and 17⋅3 % reported supplement use during pregnancy and lactation, respectively. Adequate ANC contacts (≥8) and supplement use was more likely among women with complete primary education and from higher socioeconomic status households, and less likely among women belonging to ethnic minority populations and those who delivered their child at home. All women continued to consume salt while adhering to postpartum food avoidances; however, 58⋅5 and 38⋅7 % of habitual consumers restricted fish and soy sauces, respectively. Eighty-six percent of women reported they would be willing to take supplements when adhering to postpartum dietary restrictions. Overall, women's reported ANC attendance and antenatal supplement use was suboptimal. Understanding predictors of and barriers to ANC and supplement use may help implement effective public health strategies to improve adherence. Alongside targeted supplementation, salt fortification with micronutrients may be a viable population-wide intervention that needs further evaluation.
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Jisso M, Tesfaye T, Biadgilign S, Tareke AA, Zerfu TA. The role of multi-dimensional women's empowerment in agriculture to improve the nutritional status of under-five children in rural cash crop producing, resource-limited settings of Ethiopia. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e92. [PMID: 36337985 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the relation between the women empowerment in agriculture index, and health and nutrition outcomes among under-five children in Ethiopia. The study's objective was to examine women's empowerment in agriculture and its association with the nutritional status of children (6-59 months) in rural, cash crop producing, and resource-limited settings of Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted employing 422 households; having women of reproductive age group and children under-five. Stratified simple random sampling was used to identify households; a simple random sampling was used to select villages and households. Women empowerment in agriculture was measured by the abbreviated women empowerment in agriculture index. Even if the overall multi-dimensional five domains of empowerment index (5DE) was not a significant predictor of nutritional status in children (P > 0⋅05), sub-indicators had a pivotal role in child nutritional status. Disempowerment in decisions about input into production [AOR = 8⋅85], empowerment on control of income [AOR = 0⋅35] and availability of livestock [AOR = 0⋅38] were predictors of child stunting, whereas women's disempowerment in production decisions seems beneficiary for wasting, disempowered women have 84 % less likely to have wasted child than empowered women [AOR = 0⋅16]. Dietary and agricultural diversity [particularly livestock farming], and women's empowerment in production decisions were predictors of better nutritional outcomes in children. Therefore, a concentrated effort is needed towards strengthening the multi-dimensional empowerment of women in agriculture emphasising women's input into production decisions, dietary and agricultural diversification, mainly livestock farming.
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Tegegne MD, Melkam M, Adane T, Getawa S. COVID-19 preventive practice and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2022; 4:100329. [PMID: 36267492 PMCID: PMC9568273 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives COVID-19 is a global health concern due to its rapid spread and impact on morbidity and mortality. Implementing preventive measures plays an essential role in curbing the spread of COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 preventive practice and associated factors in Ethiopia. Study design This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Methods Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Science Direct search engines were used to identify relevant articles published up to early December 2021. The Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) checklist was used for quality appraisal. A random-effect model was fitted to calculate the pooled estimates. Higgins I2 statistics and Egger's test with funnel plots were analysed to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Due to significant heterogeneity, subgroup analysis by region, study population, study design and publication year, as well as sensitivity analysis, were done to assess the source of heterogeneity. Results The pooled level of poor preventive practice for COVID-19 in Ethiopia was 51.60% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.30-62.90). Poor COVID-19 preventive practice declined from 61% in studies published in 2020 to 45% in 2021. Lack of knowledge about COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.61 [95% CI: 2.49-10.73]), a negative attitude towards COVID-19 management (AOR = 2.64 [95% CI: 1.82-3.82]), rural residence (AOR = 2.95 [95% CI: 2.12-4.12]), a low educational level (AOR = 2.93 [95% CI: 2.16-3.98]) and being female (AOR = 1.75 [95% CI: 1.27-2.40]) were significantly associated with a poor level of COVID-19 preventive practice in Ethiopia. Conclusions The level of poor COVID-19 preventive practice in Ethiopia was relatively high. Poor COVID-19 prevention practices were significantly correlated with inadequate COVID-19 knowledge, a negative attitude towards COVID-19 management, low educational attainment, living in a rural area and being female. Creating awareness and health education programmes targeting COVID-19 prevention should be strengthened, especially in the target populations identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masresha Derese Tegegne
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tiruneh Adane
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Getawa
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
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Sacherl J, Kosinska AD, Kemter K, Kächele M, Laumen SC, Kerth HA, Öz EA, Wolff LS, Su J, Essbauer S, Sutter G, Scholz M, Singethan K, Altrichter J, Protzer U. Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100603. [PMID: 36714793 PMCID: PMC9880034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Induction of potent, HBV-specific immune responses is crucial to control and finally cure HBV. The therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine TherVacB combines protein priming with a Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vector boost to break immune tolerance in chronic HBV infection. Particulate protein and vector vaccine components, however, require a constant cooling chain for storage and transport, posing logistic and financial challenges to vaccine applications. We aimed to identify an optimal formulation to maintain stability and immunogenicity of the protein and vector components of the vaccine using a systematic approach. Methods We used stabilizing amino acid (SAA)-based formulations to stabilize HBsAg and HBV core particles (HBcAg), and the MVA-vector. We then investigated the effect of lyophilization and short- and long-term high-temperature storage on their integrity. Immunogenicity and safety of the formulated vaccine was validated in HBV-naïve and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-HBV-infected mice. Results In vitro analysis proved the vaccine's stability against thermal stress during lyophilization and the long-term stability of SAA-formulated HBsAg, HBcAg and MVA during thermal stress at 40 °C for 3 months and at 25 °C for 12 months. Vaccination of HBV-naïve and AAV-HBV-infected mice demonstrated that the stabilized vaccine was well tolerated and able to brake immune tolerance established in AAV-HBV mice as efficiently as vaccine components constantly stored at 4 °C/-80 °C. Even after long-term exposure to elevated temperatures, stabilized TherVacB induced high titre HBV-specific antibodies and strong CD8+ T-cell responses, resulting in anti-HBs seroconversion and strong suppression of the virus in HBV-replicating mice. Conclusion SAA-formulation resulted in highly functional and thermostable HBsAg, HBcAg and MVA vaccine components. This will facilitate global vaccine application without the need for cooling chains and is important for the development of prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccines supporting vaccination campaigns worldwide. Impact and implications Therapeutic vaccination is a promising therapeutic option for chronic hepatitis B that may enable its cure. However, its application requires functional cooling chains during transport and storage that can hardly be guaranteed in many countries with high demand. In this study, the authors developed thermostable vaccine components that are well tolerated and that induce immune responses and control the virus in preclinical mouse models, even after long-term exposure to high surrounding temperatures. This will lower costs and ease application of a therapeutic vaccine and thus be beneficial for the many people affected by hepatitis B around the world.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CTC, controlled temperature chain
- Ctrl, control
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- HBcAg
- HBcAg, hepatitis B core antigen
- HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen
- HBsAg
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- Heat-stable vaccine
- ICS, intracellular cytokine staining
- IFNα, interferon alpha
- MVA
- MVA, Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara
- NAGE, native agarose gel electrophoresis
- RH, relative humidity
- RT, room temperature
- SAA, stabilizing amino acids
- SEC-HPLC, size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography
- SPS®
- TCID50, median tissue culture infection dose
- TherVacBCtrl, non-lyophilized
- WHO, World Health Organization
- anti-HBc, hepatitis B core antibodies
- anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA
- formulation
- hepatitis B virus
- heterologous prime/boost vaccination
- lyophilization
- non-stressed, non-stabilized TherVacB
- stabilization
- stabilizing amino acid-based formulation
- stabilizing excipients
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sacherl
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna D. Kosinska
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Kächele
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine C. Laumen
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hélène A. Kerth
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Edanur Ates Öz
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa S. Wolff
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jinpeng Su
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Singethan
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author. Address: Institute of Virology, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 Munich, Germany; Tel.: +49-89-4140-6821, fax: +49-89-4140-6823.
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Palomares Velosa JE, Riaño Sánchez S, Martínez Marín A, Cediel Becerra NM. Prevention of exposure to zoonoses in rural Latin America: Social ecological factors in a diverse regional context. One Health 2022; 15:100444. [PMID: 36277084 PMCID: PMC9582569 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases have serious impacts on human health and well-being, but they are often overlooked in rural Latin America. The design of effective preventive interventions is complex and requires an integrative approach from evidence-based information analyzed through robust theoretical frameworks. We conducted a systematized literature review and qualitative framework-guided thematic analysis to identify social ecological factors affecting the prevention and exposure to zoonotic diseases. Although resources for research are limited in Latin America, we found several studies with relevant results. We extracted and interpreted 8 themes as factors affecting the prevention, transmission, and exposure to zoonosis. These themes included knowledge and misconceptions, low risk perception, gaps in knowledge and communication, psychological effect of diseases, culture and traditions, inequality, disarticulated prevention programs, and organizational responsibility. Alongside this, we compiled and present the recommendations for actions to reduce the impact of zoonoses in these populations. The factors and recommendations here presented can be adapted to inform the design and improvement of preventive programs, focused on One Health and aiming to reduce the impact of zoonotic diseases in rural settings. We identified relevant social and behavioural factors affecting the prevention of Zoonotic diseases in Latin America. Knowledge, risk perceptions, and communication quality were relevant individual factors. Inequity and unarticulated programs were relevant social factors. Characterization of the context-specific social ecology can improve the development of effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Enrique Palomares Velosa
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas - CIDEIM, Cali, valle del cauca, Colombia,Corresponding author at: Calle. 18 #122-135, Icesi University campus, building O, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
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