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Romero-Martínez Á, Beser-Robles M, Cerdá-Alberich L, Aparici F, Martí-Bonmatí L, Sarrate-Costa C, Lila M, Moya-Albiol L. The contribution of brain volume to explain autonomous imbalance during recovery from acute stress in batterers. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:797-808. [PMID: 38441643 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM Many authors have suggested that intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators present an imbalance between both branches of the autonomous nervous system when coping with acute stress. Concretely, there is a predominance of the sympathetic branches over the parasympathetic ones when recovering from stress. This imbalance can be explained by their tendency toward anger rumination, and more concretely, by their focus on thoughts of revenge during this period. Unfortunately, there is a gap in the scientific literature in terms of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess which brain structures would explain this tendency of IPV perpetrators when coping with acute stress. METHOD The main objective of this study was to assess whether the gray matter volume (GMV) of relevant brain structures, signaled in previous scientific literature, moderates the association between thoughts of revenge and sympathetic activation during the recovery period, based on skin conductance levels (SCL) after being exposed to stress, in a group of IPV perpetrators (n = 58) and non-violent men (n = 61). RESULTS This study highlighted that the GMV of the left nucleus accumbens, right lobules of the cerebellum, and inferior temporal gyrus in IPV perpetrators moderated the association between thoughts of revenge and SCL during the recovery period. Accordingly, the higher the thoughts of revenge, the higher the sympathetic predominance (or higher SCL levels), especially among IPV perpetrators with the lowest GMV of these brain structures. Nonetheless, those variables were unrelated in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the involvement of certain brain structures and how they explain the tendency of some IPV perpetrators to ruminate anger or, more precisely, to focus on thoughts of revenge when they recover from acute stress. These results reinforce the need to incorporate neuroimaging techniques during screening processes to properly understand how IPV perpetrators deal with stress, which in turn helps target their needs and design concrete intervention modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Romero-Martínez
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Beser-Robles
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonor Cerdá-Alberich
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Aparici
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Sarrate-Costa
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisol Lila
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Moya-Albiol
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Shimotsuma T, Tomotaki S, Akita M, Araki R, Tomotaki H, Iwanaga K, Kobayashi A, Saitoh A, Fushimi Y, Takita J, Kawai M. Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Adversely Affects Brain Growth in Preterm Infants. Neonatology 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38648742 DOI: 10.1159/000538527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants, but its effect on brain growth in preterm infants after the neonatal period is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of severe BPD on brain growth of preterm infants from term to 18 months of corrected age (CA). METHODS Sixty-three preterm infants (42 with severe BPD and 21 without severe BPD) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging at term equivalent age (TEA) and 18 months of CA were studied by using the Infant Brain Extraction and Analysis Toolbox (iBEAT). We measured segmented brain volumes and compared brain volume and brain growth velocity between the severe BPD group and the non-severe BPD group. RESULTS There was no significant difference in brain volumes at TEA between the groups. However, the brain volumes of the total brain and cerebral white matter in the severe BPD group were significantly smaller than those in the non-severe BPD group at 18 months of CA. The brain growth velocities from TEA to 18 months of CA in the total brain, cerebral cortex, and cerebral white matter in the severe BPD group were lower than those in the non-severe BPD group. CONCLUSION Brain growth in preterm infants with severe BPD from TEA age to 18 months of CA is less than that in preterm infants without severe BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Shimotsuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tomotaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Akita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Araki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tomotaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kougoro Iwanaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sogabe K, Hata J, Yoshimaru D, Hagiya K, Okano HJ, Okano H. Structural MRI analysis of age-related changes and sex differences in marmoset brain volume. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00053-1. [PMID: 38636670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of aging biology, which aims to extend healthy lifespans and prevent age-related diseases, has turned its focus to the Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) to understand the aging process better. This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to non-invasively analyze the brains of 216 marmosets, investigating age-related changes in brain structure; the relationship between body weight and brain volume; and potential differences between males and females. The key findings revealed that, similar to humans, Callithrix jacchus experiences a reduction in total intracranial volume, cortex, subcortex, thalamus, and cingulate volumes as they age, highlighting site-dependent changes in brain tissue. Notably, the study also uncovered sex differences in cerebellar volume. These insights into the structural connectivity and volumetric changes in the marmoset brain throughout aging contribute to accumulating valuable knowledge in the field, promising to inform future aging research and interventions for enhancing healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Sogabe
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Teikyo University Faculty of Medical Technology, Japan
| | - Junichi Hata
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshimaru
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiya
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Keio University Regenerative Medicine Research Center 3-25-10 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan.
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Warszawer Y, Gurevich M, Kerpel A, Dreyer Alster S, Nissan Y, Shirbint E, Hoffmann C, Achiron A. Mapping brain volume change across time in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Neuroradiology 2024:10.1007/s00234-024-03354-7. [PMID: 38609687 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Detection and prediction of the rate of brain volume loss with age is a significant unmet need in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). In this study we construct detailed brain volume maps for PPMS patients. These maps compare age-related changes in both cortical and sub-cortical regions with those in healthy individuals. METHODS We conducted retrospective analyses of brain volume using T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of a large cohort of PPMS patients and healthy subjects. The volume of brain parenchyma (BP), cortex, white matter (WM), deep gray matter, thalamus, and cerebellum were measured using the robust SynthSeg segmentation tool. Age- and gender-related regression curves were constructed based on data from healthy subjects, with the 95% prediction interval adopted as the normality threshold for each brain region. RESULTS We analyzed 495 MRI scans from 169 PPMS patients, aged 20-79 years, alongside 563 exams from healthy subjects aged 20-86. Compared to healthy subjects, a higher proportion of PPMS patients showed lower than expected brain volumes in all regions except the cerebellum. The most affected areas were BP, WM, and thalamus. Lower brain volumes correlated with longer disease duration for BP and WM, and higher disability for BP, WM, cortex, and thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Constructing age- and gender-related brain volume maps enabled identifying PPMS patients at a higher risk of brain volume loss. Monitoring these high-risk patients may lead to better treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Warszawer
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
- Arrow Program for Medical Research Education, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Kerpel
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yael Nissan
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Emanuel Shirbint
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Chen Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Achiron
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Yao S, Han JZ, Guo J, Wang X, Qian L, Wu H, Shi W, Zhu RJ, Wang JH, Dong SS, Cui LL, Wang Y, Guo Y, Yang TL. The Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Brain Volume, and Intelligence: A Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01132-6. [PMID: 38432522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that dynamic changes in gut microbiome can affect intelligence; however, whether these relationships are causal remains elusive. We aimed to disentangle the poorly understood causal relationship between gut microbiota and intelligence. METHODS We performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic variants from the largest available genome-wide association studies of gut microbiota (N = 18,340) and intelligence (N = 269,867). The inverse-variance weighted method was used to conduct the MR analyses complemented by a range of sensitivity analyses to validate the robustness of the results. Considering the close relationship between brain volume and intelligence, we applied 2-step MR to evaluate whether the identified effect was mediated by regulating brain volume (N = 47,316). RESULTS We found a risk effect of the genus Oxalobacter on intelligence (odds ratio = 0.968 change in intelligence per standard deviation increase in taxa; 95% CI, 0.952-0.985; p = 1.88 × 10-4) and a protective effect of the genus Fusicatenibacter on intelligence (odds ratio = 1.053; 95% CI, 1.024-1.082; p = 3.03 × 10-4). The 2-step MR analysis further showed that the effect of genus Fusicatenibacter on intelligence was partially mediated by regulating brain volume, with a mediated proportion of 33.6% (95% CI, 6.8%-60.4%; p = .014). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide causal evidence indicating the role of the microbiome in intelligence. Our findings may help reshape our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and development of novel intervention approaches for preventing cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ji-Zhou Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Long Qian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ren-Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Li Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Rechtman A, Zveik O, Haham N, Freidman-Korn T, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Thyroid hormone dysfunction in MOGAD and other demyelinating diseases. J Neurol Sci 2024; 457:122866. [PMID: 38242048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones play a critical role in both neuronal and glial cell functions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased co-occurrence with autoimmune thyroid diseases, and recent studies have suggested a potential link between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and thyroid hormones. However, no previous studies have examined the relationship between thyroid hormones and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated demyelination (MOGAD). METHODS We investigated the role of thyroid hormones in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune demyelinating diseases in 26 MOGAD patients, 52 NMOSD patients, 167 patients with MS, and 16 patients with other noninflammatory neurological disorders. Thyroid hormone levels and clinical data (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) were analyzed. Volumetric brain information was determined in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the MDbrain platform. RESULTS MOGAD patients had significantly higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) compared to NMOSD patients. No correlation was found between FT3 levels and disease severity or brain volume. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels did not differ significantly between the groups, but in NMOSD patients, higher TSH levels were associated with lower disability scores and increased brain volume. No significant differences in free thyroxine (FT4) levels were observed between the different groups, however, FT4 levels were significantly higher in relapsing versus monophasic MOGAD patients and increased FT4 levels were associated with a higher EDSS and lower brain volume in NMOSD patients. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential involvement of thyroid hormones specifically in MOGAD patients and other demyelinating CNS disorders. Understanding the role of thyroid hormones in relapsing vs monophasic MOGAD patients and in comparison to other demyelinating disorder could lead to the development of therapeutic interventions. Further studies are needed to explore the precise mechanisms and potential interventions targeting the thyroid axis as a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Rechtman
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Zveik
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitsan Haham
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Freidman-Korn
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel.
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Mellow ML, Dumuid D, Olds T, Stanford T, Dorrian J, Wade AT, Fripp J, Xia Y, Goldsworthy MR, Karayanidis F, Breakspear MJ, Smith AE. Cross-sectional associations between 24-hour time-use composition, grey matter volume and cognitive function in healthy older adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38291446 PMCID: PMC10829181 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing physical activity (PA) is an effective strategy to slow reductions in cortical volume and maintain cognitive function in older adulthood. However, PA does not exist in isolation, but coexists with sleep and sedentary behaviour to make up the 24-hour day. We investigated how the balance of all three behaviours (24-hour time-use composition) is associated with grey matter volume in healthy older adults, and whether grey matter volume influences the relationship between 24-hour time-use composition and cognitive function. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 378 older adults (65.6 ± 3.0 years old, 123 male) from the ACTIVate study across two Australian sites (Adelaide and Newcastle). Time-use composition was captured using 7-day accelerometry, and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure grey matter volume both globally and across regions of interest (ROI: frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampi, and lateral ventricles). Pairwise correlations were used to explore univariate associations between time-use variables, grey matter volumes and cognitive outcomes. Compositional data analysis linear regression models were used to quantify associations between ROI volumes and time-use composition, and explore potential associations between the interaction between ROI volumes and time-use composition with cognitive outcomes. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates (age, sex, education), there were no significant associations between time-use composition and any volumetric outcomes. There were significant interactions between time-use composition and frontal lobe volume for long-term memory (p = 0.018) and executive function (p = 0.018), and between time-use composition and total grey matter volume for executive function (p = 0.028). Spending more time in moderate-vigorous PA was associated with better long-term memory scores, but only for those with smaller frontal lobe volume (below the sample mean). Conversely, spending more time in sleep and less time in sedentary behaviour was associated with better executive function in those with smaller total grey matter volume. CONCLUSIONS Although 24-hour time use was not associated with total or regional grey matter independently, total grey matter and frontal lobe grey matter volume moderated the relationship between time-use composition and several cognitive outcomes. Future studies should investigate these relationships longitudinally to assess whether changes in time-use composition correspond to changes in grey matter volume and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison L Mellow
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ty Stanford
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra T Wade
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ying Xia
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitchell R Goldsworthy
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Frini Karayanidis
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michael J Breakspear
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh E Smith
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Scharf C, Koschutnig K, Zussner T, Fink A, Tilp M. Twelve weeks of physical exercise breaks with coordinative exercises at the workplace increase the sulcal depth and decrease gray matter volume in brain structures related to visuomotor processes. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:63-74. [PMID: 38070007 PMCID: PMC10827861 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise can evoke changes in the brain structure. Consequently, these can lead to positive impacts on brain health. However, physical exercise studies including coordinative exercises are rare. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how 12 weeks of physical exercise breaks (PEBs) with coordinative exercises, focusing mainly on juggling tasks, affected the brain structure. The participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG, n = 16; 42.8 ± 10.2 years) and a control group (CG, n = 9; 44.2 ± 12.3 years). The IG performed the PEBs with coordinative exercises twice per week for 15-20 min per session. Before the intervention, after 6 weeks of the intervention, and after 12 weeks of the intervention, participants underwent a high-resolution 3T T1-weighted magnetic resonance imagining scan. Juggling performance was assessed by measuring the time taken to perform a three-ball cascade. A surface-based analysis revealed an increase in vertex-wise cortical depth in a cluster including the inferior parietal lobe after 6 and 12 weeks of training in the IG. After 12 weeks, the IG showed a decrease in gray matter (GM) volume in a cluster primarily involving the right insula and the right operculum. The changes in the GM volume were related to improvements in juggling performance. No significant changes were found for the CG. To conclude, the present study showed that regular engagement in PEBs with coordinative exercises led to changes in brain structures strongly implicated in visuomotor processes involving hand and arm movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Scharf
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Mozartgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Karl Koschutnig
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Zussner
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Fink
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Tilp
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Mozartgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Huang X, Yuan S, Ling Y, Cheng H, Tan S, Xu A, Lyu J. Evaluating the effect of kidney function on brain volumes and dementia risk in the UK Biobank. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105157. [PMID: 37634304 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between kidney function with the risk of dementia and brain volumes. METHODS A total of 452,996 UK Biobank participants with calculated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were included. We utilized Cox proportional hazards regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses to examine the relationships between kidney function and the risk of all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD). Additionally, we explored the correlations between kidney function and brain magnetic resonance indicators among 40,380 participants. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12 years, 5,258 incident ACD cases were identified. The deterioration of kidney function was associated with an increased risk of ACD. When compared to eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m², the highest risk increase was evident for eGFRcre < 30 ml/min/1.73 m² (adjusted HR = 2.372, 95% CI: 1.444-3.897, P < 0.001), with eGFRcys showing greater significance (adjusted HR = 3.045, 95% CI: 2.212-4.191, P < 0.001), especially in relation to AD. Compared to the ACR level in the range of 3-30 mg/mmol, the category of > 30 mg/mmol was associated with an increased risk of ACD (adjusted HR = 1.720, 95% CI: 1.350-2.190, P < 0.001). Moreover, the decline in kidney function was associated with the total brain volume atrophy and reduction in certain subcortical areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that diminished kidney function, as evidenced by a drop in eGFR and aggravated proteinuria, elevates dementia risk. Associated brain structural changes further underpin this connection from a neuro-pathophysiological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shanyuan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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10
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Arcego DM, Buschdorf JP, O'Toole N, Wang Z, Barth B, Pokhvisneva I, Rayan NA, Patel S, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Lee P, Tan J, Koh MX, Sim CM, Parent C, de Lima RMS, Clappison A, O'Donnell KJ, Dalmaz C, Arloth J, Provençal N, Binder EB, Diorio J, Silveira PP, Meaney MJ. A Glucocorticoid-Sensitive Hippocampal Gene Network Moderates the Impact of Early-Life Adversity on Mental Health Outcomes. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:48-61. [PMID: 37406925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early stress increases the risk for psychiatric disorders. Glucocorticoids are stress mediators that regulate transcriptional activity and morphology in the hippocampus, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple psychiatric conditions. We aimed to establish the relevance of hippocampal glucocorticoid-induced transcriptional activity as a mediator of the effects of early life on later psychopathology in humans. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed with anterior and posterior hippocampal dentate gyrus from adult female macaques (n = 12/group) that were chronically treated with betamethasone (glucocorticoid receptor agonist) or vehicle. Coexpression network analysis identified a preserved gene network in the posterior hippocampal dentate gyrus that was strongly associated with glucocorticoid exposure. The single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes in this network were used to create an expression-based polygenic score in humans. RESULTS The expression-based polygenic score significantly moderated the association between early adversity and psychotic disorders in adulthood (UK Biobank, women, n = 44,519) and on child peer relations (ALSPAC [Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children], girls, n = 1666 for 9-year-olds and n = 1594 for 11-year-olds), an endophenotype for later psychosis. Analyses revealed that this network was enriched for glucocorticoid-induced epigenetic remodeling in human hippocampal cells. We also found a significant association between single nucleotide polymorphisms from the expression-based polygenic score and adult brain gray matter density. CONCLUSIONS We provide an approach for the use of transcriptomic data from animal models together with human data to study the impact of environmental influences on mental health. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusa Mar Arcego
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jan-Paul Buschdorf
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nicholas O'Toole
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zihan Wang
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara Barth
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sachin Patel
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Lee
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jennifer Tan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Xuan Koh
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chu Ming Sim
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Carine Parent
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Clappison
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janine Arloth
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Provençal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Josie Diorio
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Brain Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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11
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van de Weijer MP, Vermeulen J, Schrantee A, Munafò MR, Verweij KJH, Treur JL. The potential role of gray matter volume differences in the association between smoking and depression: A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105497. [PMID: 38100958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use and major depression are both leading contributors to the global burden of disease and are also highly comorbid. Previous research indicates bi-directional causality between tobacco use and depression, but the mechanisms that underlie this causality are unclear, especially for the causality from tobacco use to depression. Here we narratively review the available evidence for a potential causal role of gray matter volume in the association. We summarize the findings of large existing neuroimaging meta-analyses, studies in UK Biobank, and the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through MetaAnalysis (ENIGMA) consortium and assess the overlap in implicated brain areas. In addition, we review two types of methods that allow us more insight into the causal nature of associations between brain volume and depression/smoking: longitudinal studies and Mendelian Randomization studies. While the available evidence suggests overlap in the alterations in brain volumes implicated in tobacco use and depression, there is a lack of research examining the underlying pathophysiology. We conclude with recommendations on (genetically-informed) causal inference methods useful for studying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot P van de Weijer
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jentien Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, the United Kingdom
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Wang S, Wang J, Guo J, Dove A, Xu H, Qi X, Xu W. Association of Kidney Function With Dementia and Structural Brain Differences: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad192. [PMID: 37578935 PMCID: PMC10733178 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between kidney function and dementia risk and the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. METHODS Within the UK Biobank, 191 970 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 (mean age: 64.1 ± 2.9 years) were followed for 16 years to detect incident dementia. Serum creatinine and Cystatin C were measured at baseline to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2). Kidney function was categorized as normal (eGFR ≥ 90), mildly impaired (60 ≤ eGFR < 90), or moderately to severely impaired (eGFR < 60). Dementia was assessed based on self-reported medical history and medical records. During the follow-up, a subsample of 12 637 participants underwent brain MRI scans. Volumes of total brain, gray matter, white matter, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensities were assessed. RESULTS Over the follow-up, 5 327 (2.8%) participants developed dementia. Compared to normal kidney function, there was an increased risk of dementia with moderate to severely impaired kidney function (hazard ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.76) but not mildly impaired kidney function. In Laplace regression, dementia onset among people with moderate to severely impaired kidney function occurred 1.53 (95% CI: 0.98-2.08) years earlier than those with normal kidney function. Moderate to severely impaired kidney function was related to significantly lower gray matter volume (β = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.03), but not to other brain magnetic resonance imaging measures. CONCLUSIONS Impaired kidney function is associated with about 50% increased risk of dementia and anticipates dementia onset by more than 1.5 years. Brain neurodegeneration may underlie the kidney function-dementia association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abigail Dove
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GP, Leal-Nazaré CG, Santos-Sacramento L, Lopes-Araújo A, Royes LFF, Crespo-Lopez ME. Exercise Reshapes the Brain: Molecular, Cellular, and Structural Changes Associated with Cognitive Improvements. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6950-6974. [PMID: 37518829 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is well known as a non-pharmacological and holistic therapy believed to prevent and mitigate numerous neurological conditions and alleviate ageing-related cognitive decline. To do so, exercise affects the central nervous system (CNS) at different levels. It changes brain physiology and structure, promoting cognitive improvements, which ultimately improves quality of life. Most of these effects are mediated by neurotrophins release, enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, attenuation of neuroinflammation, modulation of cerebral blood flow, and structural reorganisation, besides to promote social interaction with beneficial cognitive outcomes. In this review, we discuss, based on experimental and human research, how exercise impacts the brain structure and function and how these changes contribute to cognitive improvements. Understanding the mechanisms by which exercise affects the brain is essential to understand the brain plasticity following exercise, guiding therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life, especially in obesity, ageing, neurodegenerative disorders, and following traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela P Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Caio G Leal-Nazaré
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Do Exercício, Centro de Educacão Física E Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RGS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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14
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Ruiz-González E, Lubián-López SP, Jiménez Luque N, Segado-Arenas A, Lubián-Gutiérrez M, Almagro YM, Zafra-Rodríguez P, Méndez-Abad P, Benavente-Fernández I. Relationship of early brain growth pattern measured by ultrasound with neurological outcome at two years of age in very low birth weight infants. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:5119-5129. [PMID: 37682341 PMCID: PMC10640451 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to define the impact of early brain growth trajectory in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) on neurological prognosis at 2 years, assessed using sequential ultrasound (US) scans. This is a prospective cohort study with consecutive inclusion of VLBWI ≤ 32 weeks gestational age and ≤ 1500 g at birth. Total brain volume (TBV) was assessed using sequential 3D-US from birth to discharge. Prognosis at 2 years (corrected age) was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition. TBV showed slower growth with postmenstrual age (PMA) in those VLBWI who had an adverse cognitive prognosis compared to those with good cognitive prognosis (mean difference in TBV between prognostic groups from 4.56 cm3 at 28 weeks to 42.58 cm3 at 43 weeks) as well as in those with adverse language prognosis (mean difference in TBV from 2.21 cm3 at 28 weeks to 26.98 cm3 at 43 weeks) although other variables showed more impact than TBV on language prognosis (gestational age at birth, brain injury at term, and socioeconomic status). No association was found between TBV and motor prognosis. Brain growth rate was also significantly higher in those VLBWI who presented good cognitive scores (18.78 + (0.33 × (PMA-33)) cm3/week) compared to those with adverse cognitive outcome (13.73 + (0.64 × (PMA-33)) cm3/week). Conclusion: Early altered brain growth is associated with poor cognitive prognosis at 2 years of age. Using sequential US monitoring, we can detect early brain growth deviation in patients who will have adverse cognitive outcomes. What is known: • The prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome of VLBWI is mostly based on the presence of brain injury in US and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term. • Some studies have related brain volume measured on MRI at term with neurodevelopment outcome. What is new: • VLBWI with adverse cognitive prognosis at two years of age present smaller brain volumes detectable by sequential US during NICU admission. • Brain volume can be estimated from 2D and 3D US and has prognostic value in VLBWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Ruiz-González
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Section, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Simón P Lubián-López
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Section, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Natalia Jiménez Luque
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Segado-Arenas
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Section, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Lubián-Gutiérrez
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Section, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Yolanda Marín Almagro
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pamela Zafra-Rodríguez
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Section, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paula Méndez-Abad
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Section, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Benavente-Fernández
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Section, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.
- Paediatrics Area, Department of Mother and Child Health and Radiology, Medical School, University of Cádiz, C/Doctor Marañon, 3, , Cádiz, Spain.
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15
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Xiong S, Hou N, Tang F, Li J, Deng H. Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and adherence to a healthy lifestyle with incident dementia: a large prospective cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:208. [PMID: 37876001 PMCID: PMC10594816 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) is increasingly prevalent and has been associated with an additive risk of dementia in older adults, but the extent to which this risk can be offset by a healthy lifestyle is unknown. We aimed to examine the associations of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and lifestyle with incident dementia and related brain structural changes. METHODS This prospective study extracted health and lifestyle data from 171 538 UK Biobank participants aged 60 years or older without dementia at baseline between 2006 and 2010 and followed up until July 2021, as well as brain structural data in a nested imaging subsample of 11 972 participants. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more CMDs among type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension. Lifestyle patterns were determined based on 7 modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, sleep duration, sedentary behavior, and social contact. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 4479 (2.6%) participants developed dementia. The presence of CMDs was dose-dependently associated with an increased risk of dementia. Compared with participants with no CMDs and a favourable lifestyle, those with ≥ 3 CMDs and an unfavourable lifestyle had a five times greater risk of developing dementia (HR 5.33, 95% CI 4.26-6.66). A significant interaction was found between CMD status and lifestyle (Pinteraction=0.001). The absolute difference in incidence rates of dementia per 1000 person years comparing favourable versus unfavourable lifestyle was - 0.65 (95% CI - 1.02 to - 0.27) among participants with no CMDs and - 5.64 (- 8.11 to - 3.17) among participants with ≥ 3 CMDs, corresponding to a HR of 0.71 (0.58-0.88) and 0.42 (0.28-0.63), respectively. In the imaging subsample, a favourable lifestyle was associated with larger total brain, grey matter, and hippocampus volumes across CMD status. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that adherence to a healthy lifestyle might substantially attenuate dementia risk and adverse brain structural changes associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizheng Xiong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Ningxin Hou
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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16
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Liu Q, Davey D, Jimmy J, Ajilore O, Klumpp H. Network Analysis of Behavioral Activation/Inhibition Systems and Brain Volume in Individuals With and Without Major Depressive Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2023:S2451-9022(23)00218-5. [PMID: 37659443 PMCID: PMC10904669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by behavioral abnormalities in motivational systems, namely the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS). Limited studies indicate brain volume in regions that support emotion, learning/memory, reward, and cognitive functions relate to BIS/BAS. To increase understanding of BIS/BAS, the current study used a network approach. METHODS Patients with SAD (n = 59), patients with MDD (n = 64), and healthy control participants (n = 36) completed a BIS/BAS questionnaire and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans; volumetric regions of interest comprised cortical and limbic structures based on previous BIS/BAS studies. A Bayesian Gaussian graphical model was used for each diagnostic group, and groups were compared. Among network metrics, bridge centrality was of primary interest. Analysis of variance evaluated BIS/BAS behaviors between groups. RESULTS Bridge centrality showed hippocampus positively related to BAS, but not to BIS, in the MDD group; no findings were observed in the SAD or control groups. Yet, network density (i.e., overall strength of relationships between variables) and degree centrality (i.e., overall relationship between one variable to all other variables) showed that cortical (e.g., precuneus, medial orbitofrontal) and subcortical (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus) regions differed between diagnostic groups. Analysis of variance results showed BAS was lower in the MDD/SAD groups compared with the control group, while BIS was higher in the SAD group relative to the MDD group, which in turn was higher than the control group. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings indicate that network-level aberrations may underlie motivational abnormalities in MDD and SAD. Evidence of BIS/BAS differences builds on previous work that points to shared and distinct motivational differences in internalizing psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Delaney Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Jagan Jimmy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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17
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He Q, Keding TJ, Zhang Q, Miao J, Russell JD, Herringa RJ, Lu Q, Travers BG, Li JJ. Neurogenetic mechanisms of risk for ADHD: Examining associations of polygenic scores and brain volumes in a population cohort. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:30. [PMID: 37653373 PMCID: PMC10469494 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD polygenic scores (PGSs) have been previously shown to predict ADHD outcomes in several studies. However, ADHD PGSs are typically correlated with ADHD but not necessarily reflective of causal mechanisms. More research is needed to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ADHD. We leveraged functional annotation information into an ADHD PGS to (1) improve the prediction performance over a non-annotated ADHD PGS and (2) test whether volumetric variation in brain regions putatively associated with ADHD mediate the association between PGSs and ADHD outcomes. METHODS Data were from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N = 555). Multiple mediation models were tested to examine the indirect effects of two ADHD PGSs-one using a traditional computation involving clumping and thresholding and another using a functionally annotated approach (i.e., AnnoPred)-on ADHD inattention (IA) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptoms, via gray matter volumes in the cingulate gyrus, angular gyrus, caudate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and inferior temporal lobe. RESULTS A direct effect was detected between the AnnoPred ADHD PGS and IA symptoms in adolescents. No indirect effects via brain volumes were detected for either IA or HI symptoms. However, both ADHD PGSs were negatively associated with the DLPFC. CONCLUSIONS The AnnoPred ADHD PGS was a more developmentally specific predictor of adolescent IA symptoms compared to the traditional ADHD PGS. However, brain volumes did not mediate the effects of either a traditional or AnnoPred ADHD PGS on ADHD symptoms, suggesting that we may still be underpowered in clarifying brain-based biomarkers for ADHD using genetic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfa He
- Department of Psychology, University of, Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Jiacheng Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Justin D Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Brittany G Travers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of, Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
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18
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Cao Z, Min J, Tan Q, Si K, Yang H, Xu C. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and brain health: Evidence from 369,711 participants in the UK Biobank. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:140. [PMID: 37608387 PMCID: PMC10463341 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency on cognitive decline have been consistently reported in animal studies, but the relationship between IGF-1 and human brain health remains controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the associations of serum IGF-1 concentrations with some brain-related disorders and neuroimaging features. METHODS This prospective study included 369,711 participants (55.8 ± 8.1 years) from the UK biobank who had serum IGF-1 measured and were free from brain-related disorders of interest - dementia, stroke, and Parkinson's disease (PD) - at enrollment (2006-2010). Restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazards models were used to detect the associations between IGF-1 concentrations and brain-related diseases. In addition, general linear regressions were applied to explore the relationship between IGF-1 concentrations and neuroimaging features (volumes of white matter, grey matter, and hippocampus and white matter hyperintensity) among a sub-sample of 36,458 participants with magnetic resonance imaging data collected since 2014. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, a total of 4,857 dementia, 6,240 stroke, and 2,116 PD cases were documented. The dose-response analyses yielded U-shaped relationships between IGF-1 concentrations and risks of dementia and stroke (P < 0.001 for non-linearity), with the lowest risks at 18 nmol/L and 26 nmol/L, respectively. A positive linear relationship was observed between IGF-1 concentrations and risk of PD (P = 0.163 for non-linearity). Moreover, neuroimaging analyses showed that higher IGF-1 concentrations were associated with greater volumes of white matter (β = 2.98 × 10-4, P < 0.001) and hippocampus (β = 3.37 × 10-4, P = 0.002) and smaller white matter hyperintensity (β = -3.12 × 10-3, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Apart from the diverse associations with neuroimaging features, both low and high IGF-1 concentrations are associated with increased risks of dementia and stroke and higher IGF-1 concentrations are linked to a higher risk of PD, highlighting the potential of IGF-1 as a biomarker for risk stratification of brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, NO.2318, Yuhangtang Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Min
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, NO.2318, Yuhangtang Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Keyi Si
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, NO.2318, Yuhangtang Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Dehdar K, Raoufy MR. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on brain volumetry, depression and anxiety-like behaviors in a rat model of asthma. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023:104121. [PMID: 37473791 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Brain functional deficits have been reported in asthma patients which can result in behavioral disorders like depression and anxiety. These deficits may be associated with factors like resistance to treatment, incorrect self-evaluation, and inadequate self-control. However, changes in the brain volume in allergic asthma and the effects of inhaled corticosteroids, the most common anti-inflammatory agents for asthma treatment, on these alterations remain largely unclear. Here, we evaluated depression and anxiety-like behavior as well as volume changes in different brain area, using magnetic resonance imaging in an animal model of allergic asthma with pretreatment of inhaled fluticasone propionate. Asthma-induced behavioral changes were partially, but not completely, prevented by pretreatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate. Volumetry findings showed that the allergen decreased volumes of the corpus callosum and subcortical white matter, as well as the septal region and hippocampus (especially CA1 and fimbria). However, volumes of neocortex, insular, and anterior cingulate cortex increased in asthmatic rats compared to controls. Namely, pretreatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate partially prevented asthma-induced brain volume changes, but not completely. These findings suggest that asthma is associated with structural alterations in the brain, which may contribute to the induction of psychological disorders. Thus, considering brain changes in the clinical assessments could have important implications for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Dehdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Aribisala BS, Valdés Hernández MDC, Okely JA, Cox SR, Ballerini L, Dickie DA, Wiseman SJ, Riha RL, Muñoz Maniega S, Radakovic R, Taylor A, Pattie A, Corley J, Redmond P, Bastin ME, Deary I, Wardlaw JM. Sleep quality, perivascular spaces and brain health markers in ageing - A longitudinal study in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Sleep Med 2023; 106:123-131. [PMID: 37005116 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is thought to play a major role in brain health and general wellbeing. However, few longitudinal studies have explored the relationship between sleep habits and imaging markers of brain health, particularly markers of brain waste clearance such as perivascular spaces (PVS), of neurodegeneration such as brain atrophy, and of vascular disease, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We explore these associations using data collected over 6 years from a birth cohort of older community-dwelling adults in their 70s. METHOD We analysed brain MRI data from ages 73, 76 and 79 years, and self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality and vascular risk factors from community-dwelling participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study. We calculated sleep efficiency (at age 76), quantified PVS burden (at age 73), and WMH and brain volumes (age 73 to 79), calculated the white matter damage metric, and used structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore associations and potential causative pathways between indicators related to brain waste cleaning (i.e., sleep and PVS burden), brain and WMH volume changes during the 8th decade of life. RESULTS Lower sleep efficiency was associated with a reduction in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) volume (β = 0.204, P = 0.009) from ages 73 to 79, but not concurrent volume (i.e. age 76). Increased daytime sleep correlated with less night-time sleep (r = -0.20, P < 0.001), and with increasing white matter damage metric (β = -0.122, P = 0.018) and faster WMH growth (β = 0.116, P = 0.026). Shorter night-time sleep duration was associated with steeper 6-year reduction of NAWM volumes (β = 0.160, P = 0.011). High burden of PVS at age 73 (volume, count, and visual scores), was associated with faster deterioration in white matter: reduction of NAWM volume (β = -0.16, P = 0.012) and increasing white matter damage metric (β = 0.37, P < 0.001) between ages 73 and 79. On SEM, centrum semiovale PVS burden mediated 5% of the associations between sleep parameters and brain changes. CONCLUSION Sleep impairments, and higher PVS burden, a marker of impaired waste clearance, were associated with faster loss of healthy white matter and increasing WMH in the 8th decade of life. A small percentage of the effect of sleep in white matter health was mediated by the burden of PVS consistent with the proposed role for sleep in brain waste clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Aribisala
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Maria Del C Valdés Hernández
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith A Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucia Ballerini
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stewart J Wiseman
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Renata L Riha
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Sleep Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ratko Radakovic
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Pattie
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK.
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Mou Y, Blok E, Barroso M, Jansen PW, White T, Voortman T. Dietary patterns, brain morphology and cognitive performance in children: Results from a prospective population-based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s10654-023-01012-5. [PMID: 37155025 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary patterns in childhood have been associated with child neurodevelopment and cognitive performance, while the underlying neurobiological pathway is unclear. We aimed to examine associations of dietary patterns in infancy and mid-childhood with pre-adolescent brain morphology, and whether diet-related differences in brain morphology mediate the relation with cognition. We included 1888 and 2326 children with dietary data at age one or eight years, respectively, and structural neuroimaging at age 10 years in the Generation R Study. Measures of brain morphology were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Dietary intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires, from which we derived diet quality scores based on dietary guidelines and dietary patterns using principal component analyses. Full scale IQ was estimated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition at age 13 years. Children with higher adherence to a dietary pattern labeled as 'Snack, processed foods and sugar' at age one year had smaller cerebral white matter volume at age 10 (B = -4.3, 95%CI -6.9, -1.7). At age eight years, higher adherence to a 'Whole grains, soft fats and dairy' pattern was associated with a larger total brain (B = 8.9, 95%CI 4.5, 13.3), and larger cerebral gray matter volumes at age 10 (B = 5.2, 95%CI 2.9, 7.5). Children with higher diet quality and better adherence to a 'Whole grains, soft fats and dairy' dietary pattern at age eight showed greater brain gyrification and larger surface area, clustered primarily in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These observed differences in brain morphology mediated associations between dietary patterns and IQ. In conclusion, dietary patterns in early- and mid-childhood are associated with differences in brain morphology which may explain the relation between dietary patterns and neurodevelopment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Mou
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabet Blok
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Barroso
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Section on Social and Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Castro-de-Araujo LF, de Araujo JAP, Morais Xavier ÉF, Kanaan RAA. Feedback-loop between psychotic symptoms and brain volume: A cross-lagged panel model study. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:150-155. [PMID: 37156129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Brain structural changes are known to be associated with psychotic symptoms, with worse symptoms consistently associated with brain volume loss in some areas. It is not clear whether volume and symptoms interfere with each other over the course of psychosis. In this paper, we analyse the temporal relationships between psychosis symptom severity and total gray matter volume. We applied a cross-lagged panel model to a public dataset from the NUSDAST cohorts. The subjects were assessed at three-time points: baseline, 24 months, and 48 months. Psychosis symptoms were measured by SANS and SAPS scores. The cohort contained 673 subjects with schizophrenia, healthy subjects and their siblings. There were significant effects of symptom severity on total gray matter volume and vice-versa. The worse the psychotic symptoms, the smaller the total gray volume, and the smaller the volume, the worse the symptomatology. There is a bidirectional temporal relationship between symptoms of psychosis and brain volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fs Castro-de-Araujo
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-0126, USA; Deptartment of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Érika Fialho Morais Xavier
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, R. Mundo, 121. Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Richard A A Kanaan
- Deptartment of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
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Sulu C, Koca O, Icli TB, Oz A, Kargin OA, Durcan E, Sahin S, Arslan S, Turan S, Kadioglu P, Ozkaya HM. Altered thalamic volume in patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion: a structural brain MRI study. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:1037-1051. [PMID: 37121916 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare thalamic volume and cognitive functions of patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) with control subjects and patients with overt Cushing's syndrome (CS). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, volumes of regions of interest were assessed using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging and a voxel-based morphometry approach in 23 patients with MACS, 21 patients with active CS, 27 patients with CS in remission, and 21 control subjects. Cognitive functions were assessed using validated questionnaires. RESULTS Patients with MACS had smaller left thalamic (F = 3.8, p = 0.023), left posterior thalamic (F = 4.9, p = 0.01), left medial thalamic (F = 4.7, p = 0.028), and right lateral thalamic (F = 4.1, p = 0.025) volumes than control subjects. Patients with active CS also had smaller left thalamic (F = 3.8, p = 0.044), left posterior thalamic (F = 4.9, p = 0.007), left medial thalamic (F = 4.7, p = 0.006), and right lateral thalamic (F = 4.1, p = 0.042) volumes compared to controls. Patients with CS in remission had smaller left medial (F = 4.7, p = 0.030) and right lateral thalamic (F = 4.1, p = 0.028) volumes than controls. Neuropsychological tests showed no difference between the groups. CONCLUSION MACS may decrease thalamic volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Sulu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Oguzhan Koca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tevhide Betul Icli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Oz
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Osman Aykan Kargin
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Serdar Sahin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serdar Arslan
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Senol Turan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Pinar Kadioglu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Pituitary Center, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hande Mefkure Ozkaya
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Pituitary Center, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Avnioglu S, Sahin C, Cankaya S, Ozen O, Dikici R, Yilmaz H, Velioglu HA, Yulug B. Decreased frontal and orbital volumes and increased cerebellar volumes in patients with anosmia Of Unknown origin: A subtle connection? J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:86-92. [PMID: 36791532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroimaging studies have shown that anosmia is accompanied by a decreased olfactory bulb volume, yet little is known about alterations in cerebral and cerebellar lobule volumes. The purpose of this study was to investigate structural brain alterations in anosmic patients. METHODS Sixteen anosmic patients (mean age 42.62 ± 16.57 years; 6 women and 10 men) and 16 healthy controls (mean age 43.37 ± 18.98 years; 9 women and 7 men) were included in this retrospective study. All subjects who underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed using VolBrain and voxel-based morphometry after olfactory testing. RESULTS Despite being statistically insignificant, analysis using VBM revealed greater gray matter (GM) and white matter in the anosmia group compared to the healthy subjects. However, decreased GM (p < 0.001) and increased cerebellar (p = 0.046) volumes were observed in the anosmic patients. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed structural brain alterations in specific areas beyond the olfactory bulb. Our results indicate that the cerebellum may play an exceptional role in the olfactory process and that this will be worth evaluating with further dynamic neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Avnioglu
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Caner Sahin
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ozkan Ozen
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Rumeysa Dikici
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Halil Yilmaz
- Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Kozakli Vocational School, Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Nevsehir, Turkey.
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Burak Yulug
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Antalya, Turkey.
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Griffiths PD, Jarvis D, Mooney C, Campbell MJ. Sex differences in fetal intracranial volumes assessed by in utero MR imaging. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:13. [PMID: 36922874 PMCID: PMC10015831 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of the study is to test the null hypothesis that there are no statistically significant differences in intracranial volumes between male and female fetuses. Furthermore, we have studied the symmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in the cohort of low-risk fetuses. METHODS 200 normal fetuses between 18 and 37 gestational weeks (gw) were included in the cohort and all had in utero MR, consisting of routine and 3D-volume imaging. The surfaces of the cerebral ventricles, brain and internal table of the skull were outlined manually and volume measurements were obtained of ventricles (VV), brain parenchyma (BPV), extraaxial CSF spaces (EAV) and the total intracranial volume (TICV). The changes in those values were studied over the gestational range, along with potential gender differences and asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres. RESULTS BPV and VV increased steadily from 18 to 37 gestational weeks, and as a result TICV also increased steadily over that period. TICV and BPV increased at a statistically significantly greater rate in male relative to female fetuses after 24gw. The greater VV in male fetuses was apparent earlier, but the rate of increase was similar for male and female fetuses. There was no difference between the genders in the left and right hemispherical volumes, and they remained symmetrical over the age range measured. CONCLUSIONS We have described the growth of the major intracranial compartments in fetuses between 18 and 37gw. We have shown a number of statistically different features between male and female fetuses, but we have not detected any asymmetry in volumes of the fetal cerebral hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cara Mooney
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael J Campbell
- Medical Statistics Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Arnoldy L, Gauci S, Young LM, Marx W, Macpherson H, Pipingas A, Civier O, White DJ. The association of dietary and nutrient patterns on neurocognitive decline: A systematic review of MRI and PET studies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101892. [PMID: 36878405 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global population ages, there has been a growing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. More recently, studies exploring the relationship between dietary patterns and neuroimaging outcomes have received particular attention. This systematic literature review provides a structured overview of the association between dietary and nutrient patterns on neuroimaging outcomes and cognitive markers in middle-aged to older adults. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to find relevant articles published from 1999 to date using the following databases Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria for the articles comprised studies reporting on the association between dietary patterns and neuroimaging outcomes, which includes both specific pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as Aβ and tau and nonspecific markers such as structural MRI and glucose metabolism. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment tool from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. The results were then organized into a summary of results table, collated based on synthesis without meta-analysis. After conducting the search, 6050 records were extracted and screened for eligibility, with 107 eligible for full-text screening and 42 articles ultimately being included in this review. The results of the systematic review indicate that there is some evidence suggesting that healthy dietary and nutrient patterns were associated with neuroimaging measures, indicative of a protective influence on neurodegeneration and brain ageing. Conversely, unhealthy dietary and nutrient patterns showed evidence pointing to decreased brain volumes, poorer cognition and increased Aβ deposition. Future research should focus on sensitive neuroimaging acquisition and analysis methods, to study early neurodegenerative changes and identify critical periods for interventions and prevention. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no, CRD42020194444).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Arnoldy
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia.
| | - Sarah Gauci
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia; IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lauren M Young
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia; IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia
| | - Oren Civier
- Swinburne Neuroimaging, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne Australia; Swinburne Neuroimaging, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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Wang Z, Liu C, Dong Q, Xue G, Chen C. Polygenic risk score for five major psychiatric disorders associated with volume of distinct brain regions in the general population. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108530. [PMID: 36858107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Risk genes and abnormal brain structural indices of psychiatric disorders have been extensively studied. However, whether genetic risk influences brain structure in the general population has been rarely studied. The current study enrolled 483 young Chinese adults, calculated their polygenic risk scores (PRS) for psychiatric disorders based on Psychiatric Genomics Consortium GWAS results, and examined the association between PRSs and brain volume. We found that PRSs were associated with the volume of many brain regions, with differences between PRS for different disorder, calculated at different threshold, and calculated using European or East Asian ancestry. Of them, the PRS for Major Depressive Disorder based on European ancestry was positively associated with right temporal gyrus; the PRS for schizophrenia based on East Asian ancestry was negatively associated with right precentral and postcentral gyrus; the PRS for schizophrenia based on European ancestry was positively associated with right superior temporal gyrus. All these brain regions are critical for corresponding disorders. However, no significant associations were found between PRS for Autism Spectrum Disorder / Bipolar Disorder and brain volume; and the association between PRS for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at different thresholds and brain volume was inconsistent. These findings suggest distinct brain mechanisms underlying different psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Experimental School Attached to Haidian Teachers' Training College, Xiangshan Branch, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Niu PP, Wang X, Xu YM. Causal effects of serum testosterone levels on brain volume: a sex-stratified Mendelian randomization study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02028-0. [PMID: 36780066 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the causal effects of serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels on brain volumetric measurements in women and men. METHODS We performed a sex-stratified two-sample Mendelian randomization study using the random-effects inverse variance-weighted method as the primary analysis method. Sex-specific genetic instruments were obtained from a study with up to 194,453 men and 230,454 women. For testosterone, variants with dominant effects on both total and bioavailable testosterone but no aggregate effect on sex hormone-binding globulin were used as the main genetic instruments. Sex-specific summary-level data for magnetic resonance imaging brain volumetric measurements were obtained from a study with 11,624 women and 10,514 men. RESULTS Analyses showed per standard deviation (approximately 3.7 nmol/L) higher testosterone levels in men were suggestively associated with larger gray matter volume (beta = 0.208, 95% confidence interval = 0.067 to 0.349, p = 0.004). The association remained in sensitivity analyses and multivariable analyses. Further analyses showed the effect was mainly act on peripheral cortical gray matter, but not on subcortical gray matter. Testosterone in men was not associated with hippocampal volume. Testosterone in women and sex hormone binding globulin in both sexes had no effect on all outcomes. CONCLUSION Our findings overall support previous evidence that testosterone might have neuroprotective properties in elderly men. Future larger trials with long duration of intervention are warranted to assess the efficacy of testosterone for elderly men with cognitive impairment, especially in those with hypoandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-P Niu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jian She Road 1#, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jian She Road 1#, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Y-M Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jian She Road 1#, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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29
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Markovic SJ, Hellewell SC, Doré V, Xia Y, Scott BR, Peiffer JJ, Fitzgerald M, Brown BM. Investigating the Link between Later-Life Brain Volume and Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Exposure. Gerontology 2023; 69:201-211. [PMID: 36174542 DOI: 10.1159/000526297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that maintaining a higher level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) later in life can offer some protection against brain volume loss as we age. By contrast, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) could accelerate age-related cortical atrophy. The current study sought to examine whether variations in the CRF level modified the association between mTBI history and brain volumetric measures in a sample of older adults. METHODS Seventy-nine community-dwelling older adults (mean age 68.7 ± 4.3 years, 54.4% female) were assessed for their mTBI history: 25 participants (32%) reported sustaining at least one lifetime mTBI. Participants also underwent a CRF assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain global and region-of-interest volumes. RESULTS Analysis of covariance, controlling for age, sex, education, and apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele carriage, revealed that participants with a history of mTBI had a significantly larger total mean grey matter volume (582.21 ± 12.46 cm3) in comparison to participants with no mTBI history (571.08 ± 17.21 cm3, p = 0.01 after correction for multiple comparisons). However, no differences between groups based on mTBI history were found for total white matter volume or in any other cortical or subcortical structures examined. A subsequent moderation analysis found that CRF was predominantly non-influential on the association between mTBI history and the MRI-quantified measures of brain volume. CONCLUSION While unexpected, the findings suggest that a history of mTBI can lead to grey matter alterations in the ageing brain. However, concurrent variations in the CRF level did not influence the differences in brain volume found based on mTBI exposure status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun J Markovic
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Washington, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hellewell
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, Nedlands, Washington, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Vincent Doré
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ying Xia
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan R Scott
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Washington, Australia.,Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Washington, Australia.,Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, Nedlands, Washington, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Washington, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Washington, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia
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30
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Bell RP, Towe SL, Al-Khalil K, Gibson M, Nadeem T, Meade CS. Additive cortical gray matter deficits in people living with HIV who use cocaine. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:53-64. [PMID: 36787045 PMCID: PMC10516130 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use, which is disproportionately common in people living with HIV (PWH), is known to have neurotoxic effects that may exacerbate HIV neuropathogenesis. While both cocaine use and HIV disease are independently associated with deficits in gray matter (GM) volume, the additive effect of cocaine use to HIV disease on GM volume has not been explored. Here, we investigated subcortical and cortical brain volume differences between four groups of individuals with and without HIV disease and/or cocaine use. Participants also completed a comprehensive neuropsychological testing battery, and HIV disease characteristics were recorded. Within subcortical regions, cocaine use was independently associated with higher volume in the dorsal striatum and pallidum, while HIV disease was associated with lower volume in the nucleus accumbens and thalamus. For cortical regions, there was an additive effect of cocaine use on HIV disease in parietal and occipital lobe volume with PWH who used cocaine displaying the lowest GM volume. Within regions that differed between groups, higher neurocognitive function was positively associated with thalamic, nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, and occipital lobe volume. For regions that showed a significant main effect of HIV disease, lower nadir CD4 + T cell count was associated with lower nucleus accumbens and occipital lobe volume. Lower current CD4 + T cell count was associated with lower occipital lobe volume. These results suggest that PWH who use cocaine are at greater risk for cortical atrophy than cocaine use or HIV disease alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Bell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Sheri L Towe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kareem Al-Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Matthew Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Tauseef Nadeem
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christina S Meade
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Campus, Box 3918, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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31
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Mali I, Payne M, King C, Maze TR, Davison T, Challans B, Bossmann SH, Plakke B. Adolescent female valproic acid rats have impaired extra-dimensional shifts of attention and enlarged anterior cingulate cortices. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148199. [PMID: 36509128 PMCID: PMC9835202 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop better treatments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) it is critical to understand the developmental trajectory of the disorder and the accompanying brain changes. This study used the valproic acid (VPA) model to induce ASD-like symptoms in rodents. Prior studies have demonstrated that VPA animals are impaired on executive function tasks, paralleling results in humans with ASD. Here, VPA adolescent female rats were impaired on a set-shifting task and had enlarged frontal cortices compared to control females. The deficits observed in the VPA female rats mirrors results in females with ASD. In addition, adolescent VPA females with enlarged frontal cortices performed the worst across the entire task. These brain changes in adolescence are also found in adolescent humans with ASD. These novel findings highlight the importance of studying the brain at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivina Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Macy Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Cole King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Tessa R Maze
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Taylor Davison
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Brandon Challans
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bethany Plakke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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32
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James SN, Nicholas JM, Lu K, Keshavan A, Lane CA, Parker T, Buchanan SM, Keuss SE, Murray-Smith H, Wong A, Cash DM, Malone IB, Barnes J, Sudre CH, Coath W, Modat M, Ourselin S, Crutch SJ, Kuh D, Fox NC, Schott JM, Richards M. Adulthood cognitive trajectories over 26 years and brain health at 70 years of age: findings from the 1946 British Birth Cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:22-32. [PMID: 36470133 PMCID: PMC10564626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Few studies can address how adulthood cognitive trajectories relate to brain health in 70-year-olds. Participants (n = 468, 49% female) from the 1946 British birth cohort underwent 18F-Florbetapir PET/MRI. Cognitive function was measured in childhood (age 8 years) and across adulthood (ages 43, 53, 60-64 and 69 years) and was examined in relation to brain health markers of β-amyloid (Aβ) status, whole brain and hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). Taking into account key contributors of adult cognitive decline including childhood cognition, those with greater Aβ and WMHV at age 70 years had greater decline in word-list learning memory in the preceding 26 years, particularly after age 60. In contrast, those with smaller whole brain and hippocampal volume at age 70 years had greater decline in processing search speed, subtly manifest from age 50 years. Subtle changes in memory and processing speed spanning 26 years of adulthood were associated with markers of brain health at 70 years of age, consistent with detectable prodromal cognitive effects in early older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Naomi James
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kirsty Lu
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ashvini Keshavan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Lane
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Parker
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre for Care Research and Technology, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London
| | - Sarah M Buchanan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Keuss
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heidi Murray-Smith
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian B Malone
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josephine Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carole H Sudre
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - William Coath
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Modat
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian J Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK; Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
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Shirzadi Z, Rabin J, Launer LJ, Bryan RN, Al-Ozairi A, Chhatwal J, Al-Ozairi E, Detre JA, Black SE, Swardfager W, MacIntosh BJ. Metabolic and Vascular Risk Factor Variability Over 25 Years Relates to Midlife Brain Volume and Cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:627-635. [PMID: 36683514 PMCID: PMC11004795 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic and vascular risk factors (MVRF) are associated with neurodegeneration and poor cognition. There is a need to better understand the impact of these risk factors on brain health in the decades that precede cognitive impairment. Longitudinal assessments can provide new insight regarding changes in MVRFs that are related to brain imaging features. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether longitudinal changes in MVRF spanning up to 25 years would be associated with midlife brain volume and cognition. METHODS Participants were from the CARDIA study (N = 467, age at year 25 = 50.6±3.4, female/male = 232/235, black/white = 161/306). Three models were developed, each designed to capture change over time; however, we were primarily interested in the average real variability (ARV) as a means of quantifying MVRF variability across all available assessments. RESULTS Multivariate partial least squares that used ARV metrics identified two significant latent variables (partial correlations ranged between 0.1 and 0.26, p < 0.01) that related MVRF ARV and regional brain volumes. Both latent variables reflected associations between brain volume and MVRF ARV in obesity, cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose. Subsequent bivariate correlations revealed associations among MVRF factors, aggregate brain volume and cognition. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MVRF variability over time is associated with midlife brain volume in regions that are relevant to later-life cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shirzadi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Rabin
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - R Nick Bryan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John A. Detre
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra E Black
- Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE, UHN-Toronto Rehab, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Skorve E, Lundervold AJ, Torkildsen Ø, Riemer F, Grüner R, Myhr KM. Brief international cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS) and global brain volumes in early stages of MS - A longitudinal correlation study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104398. [PMID: 36462469 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is common in patients with multiple sclerosis, even in the early stages of the disease. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) is a short screening tool developed to assess cognitive function in everyday clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between volumetric brain measures derived from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and performance on BICAMS subtests in early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS BICAMS was used to assess cognitive function in 49 MS patients at baseline and after one and two years. The patients were separated into two groups (with or without cognitive impairment) based on their performances on BICAMSs subtests. MRI data were analysed by a software tool (MSMetrix), yielding normalized measures of global brain volumes and lesion volumes. Associations between cognitive tests and brain MRI measures were analysed by running correlation analyses, and differences between subgroups and changes over time with independent and paired samples tests, respectively. RESULTS The strongest baseline correlations were found between the BICAMS subtests and normalized whole brain volume (NBV) and grey matter volume (NGV); processing speed r = 0.54/r = 0.48, verbal memory r = 0.49/ r = 0.42, visual memory r = 0.48 /r = 0.39. Only the verbal memory test had significant correlations with T2 and T1 lesion volumes (LV) at both time points; T2LV r = 0.39, T1LV r = 0.38. There were significant loss of grey matter and white matter volume overall (NGV p<0.001, NWV p = 0.003), as well as an increase in T1LV (p = 0.013). The longitudinally defined confirmed cognitively impaired (CCI) and preserved (CCP) patients showed significant group differences on all MRI volume measures at both time points, except for NWV. Only the CCI subgroup showed significant white matter atrophy (p = 0.006) and increase in T2LV (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS The present study found strong correlations between whole brain and grey matter volumes and performance on the BICAMS subtests as well as significant changes in global volumes from baseline to follow-up with clear differences between patients defined as cognitively impaired and preserved at both baseline and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Skorve
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Riemer
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Fenu G, Oppo V, Serra G, Lorefice L, Di Sfefano F, Deagostini D, Mancosu C, Fadda E, Melis C, Siotto P, Cocco E, Melis M, Cossu G. Relationship between CSF tau biomarkers and structural brain MRI measures in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. J Neurol Sci 2022; 442:120415. [PMID: 36115219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently in the field neurodegenerative diseases increasing attention has been pointed to CSF biomarkers and their integration with neuroimaging (1). Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) refers to a heterogeneous group of clinical syndromes with different underlying proteinopathies including tau pathology. CSF biomarkers have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic factors. Aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between CSF tau biomarkers and structural MRI brain measures in FTLD. METHODS We included early FTLD patient. All included patients underwent lumbar puncture to evaluate amyloid, total-tau (t-tau), phospho-tau 181 (p-tau); p-tau/t-tau ratio was also calculated; brain MRI was performed to estimate whole brain volume, volume of principal deep grey matter structures and regional cortical thickness. RESULTS Demographic characteristics of the 28 included patients were as follows: female/male: 9/19; mean ± SD age: 68.1 ± 7.8 years. The p-tau/t-tau ratio was significantly correlated with whole brain volume (r = 0.69; p: 0.001), left putamen volume (r = 0.55 p: 0.009), left pallidum volume (r = 0.41; p: 0.01), right accumbens area (r = 0.47; p: 0.02). P-tau/t tau ratio showed also a significant correlation with cortical thickness of left temporal lobe (r = 0.74; p: 0.001) and right lateral orbital frontal cortex (r = 0.45; p: 0.03). Linear regression showed a significant relationship between p-tau/t-tau ratio and left temporal pole (p = 0.01; r2: 0.60) and brain volume (p:0.002; r2: 0.56) after controlling for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that CSF biomarkers, especially p-tau/t-tau ratio, could play a role as prognostic factor in FTLD. Further longitudinal investigations are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Neuroscience, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Valentina Oppo
- Department of Neuroscience, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Serra
- Department of Neuroscience, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorena Lorefice
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Mancosu
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fadda
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Melis
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Cocco
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Melis
- Department of Neuroscience, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cossu
- Department of Neuroscience, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Chesters RA, Pepper F, Morgan C, Cooper JD, Howes OD, Vernon AC, Stone JM. Brain volume in chronic ketamine users - relationship to sub-threshold psychotic symptoms and relevance to schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3421-9. [PMID: 34228135 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ketamine may model aspects of schizophrenia arising through NMDA receptor activity deficits. Although acute ketamine can induce effects resembling both positive and negative psychotic symptoms, chronic use may be a closer model of idiopathic psychosis. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypotheses that ketamine users had lower brain volumes, as measured using MRI, and greater sub-threshold psychotic symptoms relative to a poly-drug user control group. METHODS Ketamine users (n = 17) and poly-drug using controls (n = 19) were included in the study. All underwent volumetric MRI imaging and measurement of sub-threshold psychotic symptoms using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State (CAARMS). Freesurfer was used to analyse differences in regional brain volume, cortical surface area and thickness between ketamine users and controls. The relationship between CAARMS ratings and brain volume was also investigated in ketamine users. RESULTS Ketamine users were found to have significantly lower grey matter volumes of the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, cerebellum and total cortex (FDR p < 0.05; Cohen's d = 0.36-0.75). Within the cortex, ketamine users had significantly lower grey matter volumes within the frontal, temporal and parietal cortices (Cohen's d 0.7-1.31; FDR p < 0.05). They also had significantly higher sub-threshold psychotic symptoms (p < 0.05). Frequency of ketamine use showed an inverse correlation with cerebellar volume (p < 0.001), but there was no relationship between regional brain volumes and sub-threshold psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Chronic ketamine use may cause lower grey matter volumes as well as inducing sub-threshold psychotic symptoms, although these likely arise through distinct mechanisms.
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Frost NJ, Weinborn M, Gignac GE, Xia Y, Doré V, Rainey-Smith SR, Markovic S, Gordon N, Sohrabi HR, Laws SM, Martins RN, Peiffer JJ, Brown BM. The Effect of Self-Paced Exercise Intensity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Frontal Grey Matter Volume in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:902-15. [PMID: 34549700 DOI: 10.1017/S1355617721001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise has been found to be important in maintaining neurocognitive health. However, the effect of exercise intensity level remains relatively underexplored. Thus, to test the hypothesis that self-paced high-intensity exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (peak aerobic capacity; VO2peak) increase grey matter (GM) volume, we examined the effect of a 6-month exercise intervention on frontal lobe GM regions that support the executive functions in older adults. METHODS Ninety-eight cognitively normal participants (age = 69.06 ± 5.2 years; n = 54 female) were randomised into either a self-paced high- or moderate-intensity cycle-based exercise intervention group, or a no-intervention control group. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and fitness assessment pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 12-months post-intervention. RESULTS The intervention was found to increase fitness in the exercise groups, as compared with the control group (F = 9.88, p = <0.001). Changes in pre-to-post-intervention fitness were associated with increased volume in the right frontal lobe (β = 0.29, p = 0.036, r = 0.27), right supplementary motor area (β = 0.30, p = 0.031, r = 0.29), and both right (β = 0.32, p = 0.034, r = 0.30) and left gyrus rectus (β = 0.30, p = 0.037, r = 0.29) for intervention, but not control participants. No differences in volume were observed across groups. CONCLUSIONS At an aggregate level, six months of self-paced high- or moderate-intensity exercise did not increase frontal GM volume. However, experimentally-induced changes in individual cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with frontal GM volume in our sample of older adults. These results provide evidence of individual variability in exercise-induced fitness on brain structure.
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Li Q, Gao Y, Li H, Liu H, Wang D, Pan W, Liu S, Xu Y. Brain structure and synaptic protein expression alterations after antidepressant treatment in a Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:293-302. [PMID: 35878834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural MRI has demonstrated brain alterations in depression pathology and antidepressants treatment. While synaptic plasticity has been previously proposed as the potential underlying mechanism of MRI findings at a cellular and molecular scale, there is still insufficient evidence to link the MRI findings and synaptic plasticity mechanisms in depression pathology. METHODS In this study, a Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) depression rat model was treated with antidepressants (citalopram or Jie-Yu Pills) and tested in a series of behavioral tests and a 7.0 MRI scanner. We then measured dendritic spine density within altered brain regions. We also examined expression of synaptic marker proteins (PSD-95 and SYP). RESULTS WKY rats exhibited depression-like behaviors in the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim test (FST), and anxiety-like behaviors in the open field test (OFT). Both antidepressants reversed behavioral changes in SPT and OFT but not in FST. We found a correlation between SPT performance and brain volumes as detected by MRI. All structural changes were consistent with alterations of the corpus callosum (white matter), dendritic spine density, as well as PSD95 and SYP expression at different levels. Two antidepressants similarly reversed these macro- and micro-changes. LIMITATIONS The single dose of antidepressants was the major limitation of this study. Further studies should focus on the white matter microstructure changes and myelin-related protein alterations, in addition to comparing the effects of ketamine. CONCLUSION Translational evidence links structural MRI changes and synaptic plasticity alterations, which promote our understanding of SPT mechanisms and antidepressant response in WKY rats.
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Mai H, Bao J, Thompson PM, Kim D, Shen L. Identifying genes associated with brain volumetric differences through tissue specific transcriptomic inference from GWAS summary data. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:398. [PMID: 36171548 PMCID: PMC9520794 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain volume has been widely studied in the neuroimaging field, since it is an important and heritable trait associated with brain development, aging and various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified numerous associations between genetic variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms and complex traits like brain volume. However, it is unclear how these genetic variations influence regional gene expression levels, which may subsequently lead to phenotypic changes. S-PrediXcan is a tissue-specific transcriptomic data analysis method that can be applied to bridge this gap. In this work, we perform an S-PrediXcan analysis on GWAS summary data from two large imaging genetics initiatives, the UK Biobank and Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta Analysis, to identify tissue-specific transcriptomic effects on two closely related brain volume measures: total brain volume (TBV) and intracranial volume (ICV). RESULTS As a result of the analysis, we identified 10 genes that are highly associated with both TBV and ICV. Nine out of 10 genes were found to be associated with TBV in another study using a different gene-based association analysis. Moreover, most of our discovered genes were also found to be correlated with multiple cognitive and behavioral traits. Further analyses revealed the protein-protein interactions, associated molecular pathways and biological functions that offer insight into how these genes function and interact with others. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that S-PrediXcan can identify genes with tissue-specific transcriptomic effects on complex traits. The analysis also suggested novel genes whose expression levels are related to brain volumetric traits. This provides important insights into the genetic mechanisms of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Mai
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, B306 Richards Building, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jingxuan Bao
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, B306 Richards Building, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, B306 Richards Building, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, B306 Richards Building, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Miyazaki Y, Niino M, Takahashi E, Nomura T, Naganuma R, Amino I, Akimoto S, Minami N, Kikuchi S. Stages of brain volume loss and performance in the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 67:104183. [PMID: 36116381 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), negatively affects their daily activities, and is associated with poor prognosis. Cognitive dysfunction in MS can extend across multiple cognitive domains, depending on the patterns and extent of the brain regions affected. Therefore, a combination of tests, including the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), that assess different aspects of cognition is recommended to capture the full picture of cognitive impairment in each patient. However, the temporal relationships between the progression of the MS brain pathology and the performances in different cognitive tests remain unclear. METHODS Global and regional brain volume data were obtained based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 61 patients with MS, and hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using these brain volume data. Cognitive function was assessed using the three subcomponents of the BICAMS: the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition (CVLT2), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMTR). Clinical characteristics, patterns of regional brain volume loss, and cognitive test scores were compared among clusters. RESULTS Cluster analysis of the global and regional brain volume data classified patients into three clusters (Clusters 1, 2, and 3) in order of decreasing global brain volume. A comparison of the clinical profiles of the patients suggested that those in Clusters 1, 2, and 3 are in the early, intermediate, and advanced stages of MS, respectively. Pair-wise analysis of regional brain volume among the three clusters suggested brain regions where volume loss starts early and continues throughout the disease course, occurs preferentially at the early phase, or evolves relatively slowly. SDMT scores differed significantly among the three clusters, with a decrease from Clusters 1 to 3. BVMTR scores also declined in this order, whereas the CVLT2 was significantly impaired only in Cluster 3. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SDMT performance declines in conjunction with brain volume loss throughout the disease course of MS. Performance in the BVMTR also declines in line with the brain volume loss, but impairment in the CVLT2 becomes particularly apparent at the late phase of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Miyazaki
- Departments of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Niino
- Departments of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan
| | - Eri Takahashi
- Departments of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan
| | - Taichi Nomura
- Departments of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan
| | - Ryoji Naganuma
- Departments of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan
| | - Itaru Amino
- Departments of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan
| | - Sachiko Akimoto
- Departments of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan
| | - Naoya Minami
- Departments of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan
| | - Seiji Kikuchi
- Departments of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, 1-1 Yamanote, 5-jo 7-chome, Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0005, Japan
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Chung JH, Eun Y, Ock SM, Kim BK, Kim TH, Kim D, Park SJ, Im MK, Kim SH. Regional Brain Volume Changes in Catholic Nuns: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Deep Learning-Based Brain MRI Segmentation. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:754-762. [PMID: 36202111 PMCID: PMC9536884 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Religious behaviors are considered as complex brain-based phenomena that may be associated with structural brain change. To identify the pattern of regional brain volume change in nuns, we investigated structural alterations in the brains of nuns using a fast processing automated segmentation method based on deep learning algorithms. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the catholic sisters between the ages of 31 and 80 who are members of the charity of St. Vincent de Paul of Korea. A total of 193 asymptomatic subjects (86 nuns and 107 control subjects) received comprehensive health screening and underwent brain MRI scans. We compared cortical and sub-cortical volume between groups across multiple locations using our in-house U-Net++ deep learning-based automatic segmentation tool. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the nun group displayed increased gray matter volume in the right lingual cortex, left isthmus-cingulate, posterior-cingulate, rostral-middle-frontal, superior-frontal, supramarginal, temporal-pole cortices, and bilateral pars-triangularis cortices after correction for multiple comparisons. On the other hand, the nun group showed reduced gray matter volume in the temporal and parietal regions relative to healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that spiritual practice may affect brain structure, especially in several frontal regions involved in a higher level of insight function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Chung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Eun
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Myeong Ock
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hong Kim
- Department of Palliative Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyun Im
- Department of Fundamental Theology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kober SE, Ninaus M, Witte M, Buchrieser F, Grössinger D, Fischmeister FPS, Neuper C, Wood G. Triathletes are experts in self-regulating physical activity - But what about self-regulating neural activity? Biol Psychol 2022; 173:108406. [PMID: 35952864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise improves cognitive control abilities and successful self-regulation of physical activity. However, it is not clear whether exercising also improves the ability to self-regulate one's own brain activity. We investigated this in 26 triathletes and 25 control participants who did not exercise regularly. Within each group half of the participants performed one session of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR, 12-15 Hz) upregulation neurofeedback training, the other half received a sham neurofeedback training. The neurofeedback training session took about 45 min. In a separate session, participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate possible differences in brain structure between triathletes and controls. Triathletes and controls were able to voluntarily upregulate their SMR activity during neurofeedback when receiving real feedback. Triathletes showed a stronger increase in SMR activity in the second half of the training compared to controls, suggesting that triathletes are able to self-regulate their own brain activity over a longer period of time. Further, triathletes and controls showed differences in brain structure as reflected by larger gray and white matter volumes in the inferior frontal gyrus and insula compared to controls. These brain areas are generally involved in cognitive control mechanisms. Our results provide new evidence regarding self-regulation abilities of people who exercise regularly and might impact the practical application of neurofeedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Erika Kober
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Manuel Ninaus
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Witte
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Adidas AG, Herzogenaurach, Germany.
| | | | | | - Florian Ph S Fischmeister
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christa Neuper
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Guilherme Wood
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Williams CM, Peyre H, Toro R, Ramus F. Comparing brain asymmetries independently of brain size. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119118. [PMID: 35318151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies examining cerebral asymmetries typically divide the l-R Measure (e.g., Left-Right Volume) by the L + R Measure to obtain an Asymmetry Index (AI). However, contrary to widespread belief, such a division fails to render the AI independent from the L + R Measure and/or from total brain size. As a result, variations in brain size may bias correlation estimates with the AI or group differences in AI. We investigated how to analyze brain asymmetries in to distinguish global from regional effects, and report unbiased group differences in cerebral asymmetries in the UK Biobank (N = 40, 028). We used 306 global and regional brain measures provided by the UK Biobank. Global gray and white matter volumes were taken from Freesurfer ASEG, subcortical gray matter volumes from Freesurfer ASEG and subsegmentation, cortical gray matter volumes, mean thicknesses, and surface areas from the Destrieux atlas applied on T1-and T2-weighted images, cerebellar gray matter volumes from FAST FSL, and regional white matter volumes from Freesurfer ASEG. We analyzed the extent to which the L + R Measure, Total Cerebral Measure (TCM, e.g., Total Brain Volume), and l-R TCM predict regional asymmetries. As a case study, we assessed the consequences of omitting each of these predictors on the magnitude and significance of sex differences in asymmetries. We found that the L + R Measure, the TCM, and the l-R TCM predicted the AI of more than 89% of regions and that their relationships were generally linear. Removing any of these predictors changed the significance of sex differences in 33% of regions and the magnitude of sex differences across 13-42% of regions. Although we generally report similar sex and age effects on cerebral asymmetries to those of previous large-scale studies, properly adjusting for regional and global brain size revealed additional sex and age effects on brain asymmetry.
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Lee J, Li C, Liu CSJ, Shiroishi M, Carmichael JD, Zada G, Patel V. Ultra-high field 7 T MRI localizes regional brain volume recovery following corticotroph adenoma resection and hormonal remission in Cushing's disease: A case series. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:239. [PMID: 35855134 PMCID: PMC9282752 DOI: 10.25259/sni_787_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cushing's disease (CD) is defined by glucocorticoid excess secondary to the increased section of corticotropin by a pituitary adenoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed at 1.5 or 3 Tesla (T) have demonstrated correlations between regional changes in brain structure and the progression of CD. In this report, we examine the changes in brain volume following corticotroph pituitary adenoma resection using ultra-high field 7 T MRI to increase the accuracy of our volumetric analyses. Methods Thirteen patients were referred to the endocrinology clinic at our institution from 2017 to 2020 with symptoms of cortisol excess and were diagnosed with ACTH-dependent endogenous Cushing syndrome. Five patients had follow-up 7 T imaging at varying time points after a transsphenoidal resection. Results Symmetrized percent change in regional volumes demonstrated a postoperative increase in cortical volume that was relatively larger than that of cerebral white matter or subcortical gray matter (percent changes = 0.0172%, 0.0052%, and 0.0120%, respectively). In the left cerebral hemisphere, the medial orbitofrontal, lateral orbitofrontal, and pars opercularis cortical regions experienced the most robust postoperative percent increases (percent changes = 0.0166%, 0.0122%, and 0.0068%, respectively). In the right cerebral hemisphere, the largest percent increases were observed in the pars triangularis, rostral portion of the middle frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus (percent changes = 0.0156%, 0.0120%, and 0.0158%). Conclusion Cerebral volume recovery following pituitary adenoma resection is driven by changes in cortical thickness predominantly in the frontal lobe, while subcortical white and gray matter volumes increase more modestly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lee
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California
| | - Charles Li
- Departments of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Chia-Shang J. Liu
- Departments of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Mark Shiroishi
- Departments of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - John D. Carmichael
- Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Vishal Patel
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California,,Departments of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States,,Corresponding author: Vishal Patel, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
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Çebi M, Metin B, Tarhan N. The association between vitamin B12 and plasma homocysteine levels with episodic memory and the volume of memory related brain structures in middle-aged individuals: a retrospective correlational study. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2103-2109. [PMID: 35499579 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, decreased vitamin B12 and increased plasma homocysteine levels were reported as risk factors for dementia. The aim of this study was to clarify this relationship in earlier ages. Twenty-one healthy middle-aged adults (9 females, 12 males) with a mean age of 46.21 ± 7.99 were retrospectively included in the study. A voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to measure brain volume. Plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12 levels, verbal and non-verbal memory test performances were recorded. Correlation analyses showed that increased plasma homocysteine was associated with lower memory score. Decreased vitamin B12 level was found to be associated with smaller brain volume in temporal regions. These results suggest that vitamin B12 and plasma homocysteine levels are associated with brain and cognition as early as middle adulthood. Future studies are needed to clarify whether they might be utilized as early hematological biomarkers to predict cognitive decline and neural loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Çebi
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Üsküdar University, Altunizade Mh. Haluk Türksoy Sk. 14, 34662, İstanbul, Üsküdar, Turkey.
| | - Barış Metin
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Üsküdar University, Altunizade Mh. Haluk Türksoy Sk. 14, 34662, İstanbul, Üsküdar, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Tarhan
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Üsküdar University, Altunizade Mh. Haluk Türksoy Sk. 14, 34662, İstanbul, Üsküdar, Turkey
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Shang X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang W, Tang S, Yu H, Ge Z, Yang X, He M. Association of a wide range of individual chronic diseases and their multimorbidity with brain volumes in the UK Biobank: A cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101413. [PMID: 35518119 PMCID: PMC9065617 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding associations of conventional and emerging diseases and their multimorbidity with brain volumes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 36,647 European ancestry individuals aged 44-81 years with brain magnetic resonance imaging data from UK Biobank. Brain volumes were measured between 02 May 2014 and 31 October 2019. General linear regression models were used to associate 57 individual major diseases with brain volumes. Latent class analysis was used to identify multimorbidity patterns. A multimorbidity score for brain volumes was computed based on the estimates for individual groups of diseases. FINDINGS Out of 57 major diseases, 16 were associated with smaller volumes of total brain, 14 with smaller volumes of grey matter, and six with smaller hippocampus volumes, and four major diseases were associated with higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load after adjustment for all other diseases. The leading contributors to the variance of total brain volume were hypertension (R2=0·0229), dyslipidemia (0·0190), cataract (0·0176), coronary heart disease (0·0107), and diabetes (0·0077). We identified six major multimorbidity patterns and multimorbidity patterns of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), and CMD-multiple disorders, and metabolic disorders were independently associated with smaller volumes of total brain (β (95% CI): -6·6 (-8·9, -4·3) ml, -7·3 (-10·4, -4·1) ml, and -10·4 (-13·5, -7·3) ml, respectively), grey matter (-7·1 (-8·5, -5·7) ml, -9·0 (-10·9, -7·1) ml, and -11·8 (-13·6, -9·9) ml, respectively), and higher WMH load (0·23 (0·19, 0·27), 0·25 (0·19, 0·30), and 0·33 (0·27, 0·39), respectively) after adjustment for geographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors (all P-values<0·0001). The percentage of the variance of total brain volume explained by multimorbidity patterns, multimorbidity defined by the number of diseases, and multimorbidity score was 1·2%, 3·1%, and 7·2%, respectively. Associations between CMD-multiple disorders pattern, and metabolic disorders pattern and volumes of total brain, grey matter, and WMH were stronger in men than in women. Associations between multimorbidity and brain volumes were stronger in younger than in older individuals. INTERPRETATION Besides conventional diseases, we found an association between numerous emerging diseases and smaller brain volumes. CMD-related multimorbidity patterns are associated with smaller brain volumes. Men or younger adults with multimorbidity are more in need of care for promoting brain health. These findings are from an association study and will need confirmation. FUNDING The Fundamental Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Project of Investigation on Health Status of Employees in Financial Industry in Guangzhou, China (Z012014075), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (202,002,020,049).
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- APOE4, Apolipoprotein E ε4
- BMI, body mass index
- Brain volume
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CI, confidence interval
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CMD, cardiometabolic disorders
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FDR, false discovery rate
- Grey matter
- Hippocampus
- Major diseases
- Moderation analysis
- Multimorbidity
- OLS, ordinary least squares
- WMH, white matter hyperintensity
- White matter hyperintensity
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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McManus E, Haroon H, Duncan NW, Elliott R, Muhlert N. The effects of stress across the lifespan on the brain, cognition and mental health: A UK biobank study. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 18:100447. [PMID: 35685679 PMCID: PMC9170771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated overstimulation of the stress response system, caused by exposure to prolonged highly stressful experiences, is thought to affect brain structure, cognitive ability, and mental health. We tested the effects of highly stressful experiences during childhood and adulthood using data from the UK Biobank, a large-scale national health and biomedical study with over 500,000 participants. To do this, we defined four groups with high or low levels of childhood and/or adulthood stress. We then used T1-and diffusion-weighted MRI data to assess the macrostructure of grey matter and microstructure of white matter within limbic brain regions, commonly associated with the stress response. We also compared executive function and working memory between these groups. Our findings suggest that in females, higher levels of Childhood stress were associated with reduced connectivity within the posterior thalamic radiation and cingulum of the hippocampus. In males however, higher levels of Adulthood stress is associated with similar changes in brain microstructure in the posterior thalamic radiation and cingulum of the hippocampus. High stress in Childhood and Adulthood was associated with decreases in executive function and working memory in both males and females. Stress across the lifespan was also positively associated with the number of diagnosed mental health problems, with a stronger effect in females than in males. Finally, our findings also suggest that cognitive and mental health outcomes due to stress may be mediated by the sex specific stress related changes in brain microstructure. Together our findings demonstrate clear links between stress at distinct phases of the lifespan, changes in measures of brain microstructure, impairments in cognitive abilities and negative mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McManus
- The University of Manchester, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, UK
| | - Hamied Haroon
- The University of Manchester, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, UK
| | - Niall W. Duncan
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Mind Brain and Consciousness, Taiwan
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- The University of Manchester, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, UK
| | - Nils Muhlert
- The University of Manchester, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, UK
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Nivins S, Kennedy E, Thompson B, Gamble GD, Alsweiler JM, Metcalfe R, McKinlay CJD, Harding JE. Associations between neonatal hypoglycaemia and brain volumes, cortical thickness and white matter microstructure in mid-childhood: An MRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102943. [PMID: 35063925 PMCID: PMC8856905 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoglycaemia is associated with damage to the brain in the acute phase. In mid-childhood, neonatal hypoglycaemia is associated with smaller brain regions. Deep grey matter regions such as the caudate and thalamus are implicated. Children with neonatal hypoglycemia had smaller occipital lobe cortical thickness. Grey matter may be especially vulnerable to long-term effects of neonatal hypoglycemia.
Neonatal hypoglycaemia is a common metabolic disorder that may cause brain damage, most visible in parieto-occipital regions on MRI in the acute phase. However, the long term effects of neonatal hypoglycaemia on the brain are not well understood. We investigated the association between neonatal hypoglycaemia and brain volumes, cortical thickness and white matter microstructure at 9–10 years. Children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia at ≥ 36 weeks’ gestation who took part in a prospective cohort study underwent brain MRI at 9–10 years. Neonatal hypoglycaemia was defined as at least one hypoglycaemic episode (at least one consecutive blood glucose concentration < 2.6 mmol/L) or interstitial episode (at least 10 min of interstitial glucose concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L). Brain volumes and cortical thickness were computed using Freesurfer. White matter microstructure was assessed using tract-based spatial statistics. Children who had (n = 75) and had not (n = 26) experienced neonatal hypoglycaemia had similar combined parietal and occipital lobe volumes and no differences in white matter microstructure at nine years of age. However, those who had experienced neonatal hypoglycaemia had smaller caudate volumes (mean difference: −557 mm3, 95% confidence interval (CI), −933 to −182, p = 0.004) and smaller thalamus (−0.03%, 95%CI, −0.06 to 0.00; p = 0.05) and subcortical grey matter (−0.10%, 95%CI −0.20 to 0.00, p = 0.05) volumes as percentage of total brain volume, and thinner occipital lobe cortex (−0.05 mm, 95%CI −0.10 to 0.00, p = 0.05) than those who had not. The finding of smaller caudate volumes after neonatal hypoglycaemia was consistent across analyses of pre-specified severity groups, clinically detected hypoglycaemic episodes, and severity and frequency of hypoglycaemic events. Neonatal hypoglycaemia is associated with smaller deep grey matter brain regions and thinner occipital lobe cortex but not altered white matter microstructure in mid-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Nivins
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Benjamin Thompson
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong
| | | | - Jane M Alsweiler
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Christopher J D McKinlay
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Kidz First Neonatal Care, Counties Manukau Health, New Zealand
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Oomen PP, Gangadin SS, Begemann MJH, Visser E, Mandl RCW, Sommer IEC. The neurobiological characterization of distinct cognitive subtypes in early-phase schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:228-237. [PMID: 35176721 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive deficits are present in some, but not all patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD). We and others have demonstrated three cognitive clusters: cognitively intact patients, patients with deficits in a few domains and those with global cognitive deficits. This study aimed to identify cognitive subtypes of early-phase SSD with matched controls as a reference group, and evaluated cognitive subgroups regarding clinical and brain volumetric measures. METHODS Eighty-six early-phase SSD patients were included. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using global performance on the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Cognitive subgroups were subsequently related to clinical and brain volumetric measures (cortical, subcortical and cortical thickness) using ANCOVA. RESULTS Three distinct cognitive clusters emerged: relative to controls we found one cluster of patients with preserved cognition (n = 25), one moderately impaired cluster (n = 38) and one severely impaired cluster (n = 23). Cognitive subgroups were characterized by differences in volume of the left postcentral gyrus, left middle caudal frontal gyrus and left insula, while differences in cortical thickness were predominantly found in fronto-parietal regions. No differences were demonstrated in subcortical brain volume. DISCUSSION Current results replicate the existence of three distinct cognitive subgroups including one relatively large group with preserved cognitive function. Cognitive subgroups were characterized by differences in cortical regional brain volume and cortical thickness, suggesting associations with cortical, but not subcortical development and cognitive functioning such as attention, executive functions and speed of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Oomen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - S S Gangadin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M J H Begemann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Visser
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I E C Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Kim KY, Kwak S, Ha J, Oh DJ, Kim M, Cho SY, Kim H, Lee JY, Kim E. Loss of association between plasma irisin levels and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 136:105624. [PMID: 34902775 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, has been shown to have beneficial effects on cognitive and metabolic functions. However, previous studies assessing the levels of circulating irisin in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or diabetes mellitus (DM) have provided inconsistent results. This suggests that the normal physiological action of irisin may be altered by disease-associated pathological conditions in target organs. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of plasma levels of irisin with cognition and brain structures according to the presence or absence of AD and DM. METHODS Plasma levels of irisin, multi-domain cognition, and volumes of relevant brain regions were assessed using enzyme-linked immunoassay, neuropsychological test, and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. We classified 107 participants by cognitive (cognitively normal [CN, n = 23], mild cognitive impairment [MCI, n = 49], and AD [n = 35]) and metabolic (non-DM [n = 75] and DM [n = 32]) states. RESULTS Disease state-stratified multiple regression analyses showed that plasma levels of irisin were positively associated with cognition only in participants without AD (CN plus MCI). By contrast, in participants with AD, these associations lost significance, and furthermore, higher levels of irisin indicated smaller hippocampal, superior temporal, and inferior frontal volumes. The association between plasma irisin levels and cognition was not affected by the presence of DM. Consistently, moderation analysis revealed that the relationship between plasma irisin levels and cognition or brain structures was significantly modified by the presence of AD, not that of DM. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the beneficial actions of circulating irisin on cognition may be attenuated by AD-induced pathological conditions in the brain.
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