Advances in clinical immunology in 2015

Revealing the Dynamics of Mitochondrial Microenvironment during Apoptosis under Two-photon Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy by a Cyclic Iridium (III) Complex

Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis is a major mode of cell death and is inextricably linked to various pathological processes such as tumorigenesis. However, there is still a paucity of non-toxic tools that...

Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Primary Immunodeficiencies

Primary immunodeficiency diseases are genetic disorders that mostly cause susceptibility to infections and are sometimes associated with autoimmune and malignant diseases. For early detection and management of these diseases, flow cytometric procedures allow an encompassing assessment of cellular phenotypes and cellular functions. State-of-the art cytometry is based today on 8- to 10-color staining and includes an assessment of lineage maturation and functional markers.

Biologic response modifiers: Indications, implications, and insights

The field of biologic immune modulators is currently mushrooming at a dizzying pace. Although most of these biologics are tested and approved for one or a few indications, their unanticipated side effects and off-label use have contributed significantly to our understanding of basic immune mechanisms, the involvement of cytokines in several apparently nonimmunologic diseases, and the importance of compartmentalized immune responses. In this review we attempt to give a bird's-eye view of the major biologics and to highlight insights and implications derived from their secondary effects and adverse reactions.