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Resendes T, Ellenbogen MA, Oldehinkel AJ. Family dysfunction, stressful life events, and mental health problems across development in the offspring of parents with an affective disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38682166 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring of parents with affective disorders (OAD) are at risk of developing a wide range of mental disorders. Deficits in the rearing environment and high levels of stress are well-known risk factors for negative outcomes in OAD. Building on prior research, we aim to examine the longitudinal relationships between family dysfunction, stressful life events, and mental health in OAD and control offspring of parents with no affective disorder. In the present study, we hypothesized that high levels of family dysfunction would be associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems across time in OAD than in controls, and that family dysfunction would mediate the relationship between stressful life events in adolescence and poor mental health in adulthood, particularly in OAD. METHODS As part of the TRacking Adolescents' Lives Survey (TRAILS), 2230 participants (51% female, Mage = 11.1 years, SD = 0.6, at baseline) and their parents completed measures across six time points, spanning 15 years. Mental health, family dysfunction, and stressful life events were assessed with the Youth and Adult Self-Report, Family Assessment Device, and an in-house measure, respectively. RESULTS Multi-group structured equation modeling revealed that family dysfunction was linked to internalizing and externalizing problems in OAD, but not controls, across time. Risk status did not moderate family dysfunction's mediation of the relationship between stressful life events and negative outcomes in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS OAD show high sensitivity to dysfunction in the rearing environment across childhood and adolescence, which supports the use of family based interventions to prevent the development of mental disorders in high-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Resendes
- Department of Psychology (SP-219), Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark A Ellenbogen
- Department of Psychology (SP-219), Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Tu EN, Manley H, Saunders KEA, Creswell C. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Risks of Anxiety Disorders in Offspring of Parents With Mood Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:407-421. [PMID: 37453607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of anxiety disorders in offspring of parents with mood disorders. METHOD We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched 4 electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science [core collection]) to identify cross-sectional and cohort studies that examined the association between parental mood disorders (including bipolar disorder and unipolar depression) and risk of anxiety disorders in offspring. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) of overall and specific anxiety disorders were synthesized using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to identify moderation factors. RESULTS A total of 35 studies were included in the final analysis. Our results showed higher risks of all types of anxiety disorders in the offspring of parents with mood disorders (any anxiety disorder, RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.47-2.26), except for agoraphobia (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.56-2.08), and with an especially elevated risk of panic disorder (RR = 3.07, 95% CI = 2.19-4.32). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the risks of anxiety disorders across the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder as opposed to unipolar depression. The absence of anxiety disorders in control parents, younger offspring age, and specific parent/offspring sex were associated with higher RRs for some anxiety disorders in offspring of parents with mood disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a robust relationship between parental mood disorders and offspring anxiety disorders, and highlight the potential value of prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders in this context. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Anxiety Disorders in Offspring of Parents with Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42021215058.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Nien Tu
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | | | - Kate E A Saunders
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vreeker A, Horsfall M, Eikelenboom M, Beerthuizen A, Bergink V, Boks MPM, Hartman CA, de Koning R, de Leeuw M, Maciejewski DF, Penninx BWJH, Hillegers MHJ. The Mood and Resilience in Offspring (MARIO) project: a longitudinal cohort study among offspring of parents with and without a mood disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:227. [PMID: 38532386 PMCID: PMC10967130 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most robust risk factors for developing a mood disorder is having a parent with a mood disorder. Unfortunately, mechanisms explaining the transmission of mood disorders from one generation to the next remain largely elusive. Since timely intervention is associated with a better outcome and prognosis, early detection of intergenerational transmission of mood disorders is of paramount importance. Here, we describe the design of the Mood and Resilience in Offspring (MARIO) cohort study in which we investigate: 1. differences in clinical, biological and environmental (e.g., psychosocial factors, substance use or stressful life events) risk and resilience factors in children of parents with and without mood disorders, and 2. mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of mood disorders via clinical, biological and environmental risk and resilience factors. METHODS MARIO is an observational, longitudinal cohort study that aims to include 450 offspring of parents with a mood disorder (uni- or bipolar mood disorders) and 100-150 offspring of parents without a mood disorder aged 10-25 years. Power analyses indicate that this sample size is sufficient to detect small to medium sized effects. Offspring are recruited via existing Dutch studies involving patients with a mood disorder and healthy controls, for which detailed clinical, environmental and biological data of the index-parent (i.e., the initially identified parent with or without a mood disorder) is available. Over a period of three years, four assessments will take place, in which extensive clinical, biological and environmental data and data on risk and resilience are collected through e.g., blood sampling, face-to-face interviews, online questionnaires, actigraphy and Experience Sampling Method assessment. For co-parents, information on demographics, mental disorder status and a DNA-sample are collected. DISCUSSION The MARIO cohort study is a large longitudinal cohort study among offspring of parents with and without mood disorders. A unique aspect is the collection of granular data on clinical, biological and environmental risk and resilience factors in offspring, in addition to available parental data on many similar factors. We aim to investigate the mechanisms underlying intergenerational transmission of mood disorders, which will ultimately lead to better outcomes for offspring at high familial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Vreeker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Melany Horsfall
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Merijn Eikelenboom
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemerle Beerthuizen
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Bergink
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco P M Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ricki de Koning
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max de Leeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Mental Health Care Rivierduinen, Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Clinic, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yaghmaei S, Babamohamadi H, Shamsaei F, Ghods AA. Unheard voices: The sexual challenges of families of patients with bipolar disorder: A qualitative content analysis. Bipolar Disord 2024; 26:148-159. [PMID: 37524374 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the voices of the family members of Bipolar Disorder (BD) patients about the challenges ahead of them. METHODS In this qualitative study, 22 participants shared their experiences of sexual challenges of patients with BD through in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS An overarching theme entitled "Unheard voices" reflected this experience. It comprised four main categories include sexual promiscuity, a change in sexual patterns, sexual support, and sexual indifference. The results revealed that the families of patients with BD have to deal with sexual promiscuity and change in sexual patterns in their family, and the family system attempts to respond to these changes by sexual support mechanisms and sexual indifference. CONCLUSIONS Given the significant impact of healthy sexual behaviors on the quality of life of both the individual and the family, therapists and family support systems are advised to strengthen and educate families to support their patients' sexual health and needs and protect their sexual existence; they should also address the sexual challenges faced by these families as a diagnostic and therapeutic priority, and early sexual health interventions should be provided to these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Yaghmaei
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hassan Babamohamadi
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farshid Shamsaei
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Ghods
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Operating Room, Sorkheh School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Resendes T, Serravalle L, Iacono V, Ellenbogen MA. Reduced parenting stress following a prevention program decreases internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2023; 11:10. [PMID: 36849568 PMCID: PMC9971411 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-022-00284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) are at risk for developing mental disorders, and the literature suggests that parenting stress may represent an important risk factor linking parental psychopathology to offspring psychopathology. We aimed to investigate whether improvements in parenting stress mediated the relationship between participation in a prevention program and offspring internalizing and externalizing symptoms at follow-up. METHODS Families having a parent with BD (N = 25) underwent a 12-week prevention program. Assessments were conducted at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Families of parents with no affective disorders (i.e., control families) served as a comparison sample (N = 28). The Reducing Unwanted Stress in the Home (RUSH) program aimed to teach communication, problem-solving, and organization skills to improve the rearing environment. Measures included the Parenting Stress Index-4th Edition, the Behaviour Assessment Scales for Children-2nd Edition, and the UCLA Life Stress Interview. RESULTS Families having a parent with BD reported more parenting stress at pre-intervention, and more change across time, than control families. Improvements in parenting stress mediated the relationship between participation in the intervention and reduced offspring internalizing and externalizing symptoms. While families having a parent with BD reported more chronic interpersonal stress at pre-intervention, no intervention effects were found. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that a preventative intervention targeting parenting stress in families may serve to prevent the development of mental disorders in at-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Resendes
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lisa Serravalle
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vanessa Iacono
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mark A Ellenbogen
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Overs BJ, Roberts G, Ridgway K, Toma C, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Wilcox HC, Hulvershorn LA, Nurnberger JI, Schofield PR, Mitchell PB, Fullerton JM. Effects of polygenic risk for suicide attempt and risky behavior on brain structure in young people with familial risk of bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:485-507. [PMID: 34726322 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a 20-30-fold increased suicide risk compared to the general population. First-degree relatives of BD patients show inflated rates of psychopathology including suicidal behaviors. As reliable biomarkers of suicide attempts (SA) are lacking, we examined associations between suicide-related polygenic risk scores (PRSs)-a quantitative index of genomic risk-and variability in brain structures implicated in SA. Participants (n = 206; aged 12-30 years) were unrelated individuals of European ancestry and comprised three groups: 41 BD cases, 96 BD relatives ("high risk"), and 69 controls. Genotyping employed PsychArray, followed by imputation. Three PRSs were computed using genome-wide association data for SA in BD (SA-in-BD), SA in major depressive disorder (SA-in-MDD) (Mullins et al., 2019, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(8), 651-660), and risky behavior (Karlsson Linnér et al., 2019, Nature Genetics, 51(2), 245-257). Structural magnetic resonance imaging processing employed FreeSurfer v5.3.0. General linear models were constructed using 32 regions-of-interest identified from suicide neuroimaging literature, with false-discovery-rate correction. SA-in-MDD and SA-in-BD PRSs negatively predicted parahippocampal thickness, with the latter association modified by group membership. SA-in-BD and Risky Behavior PRSs inversely predicted rostral and caudal anterior cingulate structure, respectively, with the latter effect driven by the "high risk" group. SA-in-MDD and SA-in-BD PRSs positively predicted cuneus structure, irrespective of group. This study demonstrated associations between PRSs for suicide-related phenotypes and structural variability in brain regions implicated in SA. Future exploration of extended PRSs, in conjunction with a range of biological, phenotypic, environmental, and experiential data in high risk populations, may inform predictive models for suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J Overs
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Ridgway
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudio Toma
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Child Psychiatry and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie A Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Serravalle L, Iacono V, Wilson AL, Orlando MA, Tsekova V, Ellenbogen MA. Improved Parent-Child Interactions Predict Reduced Internalizing Symptoms Among the Offspring of Parents with Bipolar Disorder Undergoing a Prevention Program: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:817-830. [PMID: 33544277 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) exhibit elevated rates of psychopathology. However, preventative interventions are lacking. Using a quasi-experimental design with an assessment-only control group, we examined if a 12-week program (entitled Reducing Unwanted Stress in the Home, RUSH) decreases internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the OBD (aged 6-11 years) via intervention-related gains in parent-child interaction quality. Participants consisted of 55 offspring (26 OBD; 29 controls) and their parents. Assessments were conducted at four time points up to six months following the end of the RUSH program, during which parent and teacher ratings of child symptoms, and parent-child interaction quality (parental positivity and negativity, and dyadic mutuality) were measured. Multilevel modelling showed improved parental positivity and negativity, and dyadic mutuality among target dyads immediately and six months post-intervention. For the bootstrapping mediation analyses, intervention-related change in parental negativity fully mediated the relations between having participated in the RUSH program and lower parent-reported internalizing problems among the OBD six months later. These data provide evidence of the efficacy of the RUSH program for OBD who exhibited improved interactions with their parents post-intervention. Further investigation via a randomized controlled trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Serravalle
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Québec, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vanessa Iacono
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Québec, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexa L Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Québec, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mark Anthony Orlando
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Québec, Montréal, Canada
| | - Virginia Tsekova
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Ellenbogen
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Québec, Montréal, Canada.
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Stapp EK, Mendelson T, Merikangas KR, Wilcox HC. Parental bipolar disorder, family environment, and offspring psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2020; 268:69-81. [PMID: 32158009 PMCID: PMC7175999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to systematically review non-experimental studies of parental bipolar disorder (BD), current family environment, and offspring psychiatric disorders to identify characteristics of family environment associated with parental BD and risk for offspring psychiatric disorders. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched using MeSH terms to identify studies on offspring of BD parents published through September 2017. We followed PRISMA guidelines and used the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS). We calculated prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals to compare offspring psychiatric disorders within and across studies. RESULTS Of 10,454 unique documents retrieved, we included 13 studies. The most consistent finding was lower parent-reported cohesion in families with a BD parent versus no parental psychiatric disorders. Family environment did not differ between BD parents and parents with other disorders. Offspring of BD parents had higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than offspring of parents without psychiatric disorders but did not differ from offspring of parents with other disorders. Families with a BD child had higher conflict than families without a BD child. LIMITATIONS Comparisons between studies were qualitative. A single reviewer conducted screening, data extraction, and bias assessment. CONCLUSIONS Family environment in families with a BD parent is heterogeneous. The pattern of findings across studies also suggests that family problems may be associated with parental psychiatric illness generally rather than parental BD in particular. Few studies included offspring-reported measures. Given the association of family conflict with offspring mood disorders, further study is merited on children's perceptions of the family environment in the BD high-risk context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Stapp
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Tamar Mendelson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen R Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ng MY, Tolou-Shams M, Galbraith K, Brown LK. Parent Psychological Distress: A Moderator of Behavioral Health Intervention Outcomes among Justice-Involved Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:53-62. [PMID: 31199555 PMCID: PMC7392401 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether pre-existing parent psychological distress moderated juvenile offenders' substance use, sexual risk, and mental health outcomes in a randomized trial. Forty-seven parent-adolescent dyads received either Family-based Affect Management Intervention (FAMI) for adolescent substance use and HIV prevention or adolescent-only Health Promotion Intervention (HPI). Parents' self-reported distress at baseline significantly moderated adolescents' self-reported marijuana use and alcohol use but not other outcomes at 3 months postintervention, producing crossover interactions. FAMI outperformed HPI when parents reported high-level distress, whereas HPI outperformed FAMI when parents reported low-level distress. This finding that the relative efficacy of interventions depends on the severity of parent psychological distress could inform efforts to match substance-using, justice-involved adolescents with the intervention most likely to benefit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yi Ng
- University of California, San Francisco
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital
- Florida International University
| | - Marina Tolou-Shams
- University of California, San Francisco
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital
| | - Katharine Galbraith
- University of California, San Francisco
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital
- University of Southern California
| | - Larry K Brown
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University
- Rhode Island Hospital
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10
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Serravalle L, Iacono V, Hodgins S, Ellenbogen MA. A comprehensive assessment of personality traits and psychosocial functioning in parents with bipolar disorder and their intimate partners. Int J Bipolar Disord 2020; 8:8. [PMID: 32037491 PMCID: PMC7008107 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-019-0172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) often possess maladaptive traits and present with various difficulties in psychosocial functioning. However, little is known about the intimate partners of adults with bipolar disorder (BD) and how mental illnesses other than BD within couples may further complicate the picture. Such knowledge is needed to inform both couple and family interventions. Methods Participants were parents whose children were enrolled in a prospective study: 55 with BD and their partners, and 47 healthy control couples. All completed diagnostic interviews, and questionnaires describing personality traits, negative life events, coping skills, social support, marital adjustment and inter-partner verbal aggression. Parents with BD and healthy control parents were compared, as were the intimate partners. A series of exploratory analyses focused on the average measures within couples, with and without BD, and took account of comorbid personality disorders among those with BD and major depressive disorder among their partners. Results Intimate partners of adults with BD, relative to healthy control partners, presented with more mental disorders, higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, more emotion-focused coping, smaller social networks, less satisfaction with their social networks, and little, satisfying social contact. Additionally, they reported less consensus and satisfaction in their marital relationships, and engaged in more verbal aggression towards their partners. Participants with BD showed similar, more extreme, characteristics. Marital distress and verbal aggression were greatest among couples with an adult having BD and a comorbid personality disorder or a partner with major depressive disorder. Conclusion This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that both parents with BD and their intimate partners exhibit high levels of mental illness, maladaptive personality traits and psychosocial difficulties, thus limiting their partners’ ability to provide support and stability in the these high risk families. Moreover, mental illnesses other than BD may contribute to marital problems within couples. Some statistical analyses, particularly those involving comorbid conditions, were under-powered in this study. As clinical implications, the current study suggests that both individuals with BD and their partners could benefit from interventions aimed at lowering emotionality and verbal aggression, and increasing social support and effective coping skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Serravalle
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vanessa Iacono
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A Ellenbogen
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada.
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Goodday SM, Bentall R, Jones S, Weir A, Duffy A. Coping strategies and self-esteem in the high-risk offspring of bipolar parents. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019. [PMID: 29536749 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418761577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether there were differences in coping strategies and self-esteem between offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (high-risk) and offspring of unaffected parents (control), and whether these psychological factors predicted the onset and recurrence of mood episodes. METHODS High-risk and control offspring were followed longitudinally as part of the Flourish Canadian high-risk bipolar offspring cohort study. Offspring were clinically assessed annually by a psychiatrist using semi-structured interviews and completed a measure of coping strategies and self-esteem. RESULTS In high-risk offspring, avoidant coping strategies significantly increased the hazard of a new onset Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition twice revised mood episode or recurrence (hazard ratio: 1.89, p = 0.04), while higher self-esteem significantly decreased this hazard (hazard ratio: 2.50, p < 0.01). Self-esteem and avoidant coping significantly interacted with one another ( p < 0.05), where the risk of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition twice revised new onset mood episode or recurrence was only significantly increased among high-risk offspring with both high avoidant coping and low self-esteem. CONCLUSION A reduction of avoidant coping strategies in response to stress and improvement of self-esteem may be useful intervention targets for preventing the new onset or recurrence of a clinically significant mood disorder among individuals at high familial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Goodday
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Bentall
- 2 Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Jones
- 3 Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Department of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Arielle Weir
- 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Duffy
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University Student Wellness Services, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Bridi KPB, Loredo-Souza ACM, Fijtman A, Moreno MV, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Ceresér KMM, Kunz M. Differences in coping strategies in adult patients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives in comparison to healthy controls. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019; 40:318-325. [PMID: 30570103 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to compare patients with bipolar disorder (BD), their first-degree relatives and a group of healthy controls in terms of use of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, exploring differences between specific types of strategies and their correlations with clinical variables. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study enrolling 36 euthymic patients with BD, 39 of their first-degree relatives and 44 controls. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE scale. RESULTS Significant differences were detected in the use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies by patients, their first-degree relatives and controls. Patients used adaptive strategies less often than the patients' relatives (p<0.001) and controls (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference between first-degree relatives and controls (p=0.707). In contrast, patients (p<0.001) and their relatives (p=0.004) both exhibited higher scores for maladaptive coping than controls. There was no significant difference regarding the use of maladaptive strategies between patients and their relatives (p=0.517). CONCLUSIONS First-degree relatives were at an intermediate level between patients with BD and controls regarding the use of coping skills. This finding supports the development of psychosocial interventions to encourage use of adaptive strategies rather than maladaptive strategies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelen Patrícia Bürke Bridi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia M Loredo-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adam Fijtman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirela Vasconcelos Moreno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Kauer-Sant'Anna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Keila Maria Mendes Ceresér
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Kunz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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13
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Ranning A, Laursen T, Agerbo E, Thorup A, Hjorthøj C, Jepsen JRM, Nordentoft M. School performance from primary education in the adolescent offspring of parents with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder- a national, register-based study. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1993-2000. [PMID: 29239287 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) are causes of severe disability worldwide and parents' severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with childhood adversity, and socio-emotional and cognitive problems in children. Yet, how parental BP and SZ affect educational attainment in offspring is still unclear. METHOD We included all children (N = 684.248) born and living in Denmark between 1986 and 1996 and their parents. Our follow-up lasted from 1986 until children's graduation in 2014. The main outcome variable was their school grades following their primary education. School outcomes were divided into four categories: not graduated, low-grade point average (GPA), medium GPA and high GPA. We then performed a multiple logistic regression with medium GPA as the reference category, with the children of parents without SZ or BP as the reference group. RESULTS Children of parents with SZ faced higher odds than their peers of not graduating primary education (OR 2.6), along with low GPA (odds ratios (OR) 1.6) and lower odds for a high GPA (OR 0.7). Moreover, it was the children of mothers rather than fathers with BP who had higher odds of not graduating primary education (OR 1.6). Lastly, child placement was associated with lower grades and lower graduation rates, and outcomes for children of parents with SMI were favorable compared with other children placed in care. CONCLUSION For children, parental SZ is associated with lower grades and lower chances for graduating primary education. In contrast, the children of parents with BP were indistinguishable from the reference group regarding school grades. This signifies that specificity of parental severe mental illness is important in relation to educational achievement of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ranning
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Mental Health Center Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Capital Region of Denmark
| | - Thomas Laursen
- iPsych - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research,Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPsych - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research,Denmark
| | - Anne Thorup
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Mental Health Center Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Capital Region of Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Mental Health Center Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Capital Region of Denmark
| | | | - Merete Nordentoft
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Mental Health Center Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Capital Region of Denmark
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14
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Offspring of parents with mood disorders: time for more transgenerational research, screening and preventive intervention for this high-risk population. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018; 31:349-357. [PMID: 29708895 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Offspring of parents with mood disorders (major depressive and bipolar disorder) are at increased risk for developing mood disorders. In this review, an overview regarding the intergenerational transmission of mood disorders, screening, and preventive intervention is given for this vulnerable group. RECENT FINDINGS Offspring of parents with depression have a 40% chance of developing a depression, whereas offspring of parents with bipolar disorder have a 10% chance of developing a bipolar disorder by adulthood. Studies into the intergenerational transmission of mood disorders show that children of parents with mood disorders have increased biological dysregulation and neuropsychosocial impairments. Although there is a clear need for early identification of those at the highest risk, there are few systematic attempts in mental health care to screen children of parents with mood disorders. Lastly, preventive interventions seem to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms of children of parents with depression; however, those effects are small and short-lived. SUMMARY Offspring of parents with mood disorders constitute a vulnerable group at high risk of mood disorders. More research needs to be conducted regarding mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission. Moreover, screening and preventive interventions for these offspring should be systematically evaluated and implemented.
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15
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Raouna A, Osam CS, MacBeth A. Clinical staging model in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:313-333. [PMID: 29446217 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to systematically review the literature on the psychiatric risk of offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OPBD) using a developmental psychopathology framework. The review also sought to establish the utility of clinical stage modelling as a framework for identifying precursor disorders to later onset of bipolar disorder (BD) in OPBD. METHODS A systematic search was performed using EMBASE, PsychINFO and Medline. Reference lists of included studies and previous reviews were also searched. Studies were included if they reported diagnostic outcomes for child, adolescent and young adult offspring of parents diagnosed with BD. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were identified representing 21 individual cohorts. The review identified that OBPD present as a high-risk group for a range of mood and non-mood disorders in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. The trajectory of risk was from non-mood disorders in childhood via non-bipolar mood disorders in early adolescence towards mania/hypomania in late adolescence and early adulthood. From a clinical staging perspective, childhood anxiety disorders were associated with later onset of BD. Recurrent substance use disorder was identified as a risk in OPBD during late adolescence and early adulthood. Quality ratings indicated that studies were methodologically robust. CONCLUSIONS Our review provides evidence for a developmental psychopathology trajectory of precursor risks to BD in OPBD. There is support for clinical stage modelling as a conceptual framework for understanding developmental risk in OPBD and as a tool for developing early and individualized intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli Raouna
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cemre Su Osam
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angus MacBeth
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Parenting practices in middle childhood mediate the relation between growing up with a parent having bipolar disorder and offspring psychopathology from childhood into early adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 30:635-649. [DOI: 10.1017/s095457941700116x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) are at high risk for developing mental disorders. In addition to genetic factors, environmental risk is purported to be associated with these negative outcomes. However, few studies have examined this relation. Using concurrent and longitudinal data, we examined if support, structure, and control provided by parents in middle childhood mediated the relation between having a parent with or without bipolar disorder, and offspring mental health. The sample included 145 offspring (77 OBD, 68 controls) aged 4 to 14 years and their parents. Parent and teacher ratings of child behavior were collected, and diagnostic assessments were conducted in offspring 12 years later (n = 101). Bootstrapping analyses showed that low levels of structure mediated the relation between having a parent with bipolar disorder and elevated internalizing and externalizing difficulties during middle childhood. For the longitudinal outcomes, parental control emerged as the strongest mediator of the relation between parents’ bipolar disorder and offspring psychopathology. Suboptimal childrearing may have different immediate and enduring consequences on mental health outcomes in the OBD. Parental structure has robust effects on emotional and behavioral problems in middle childhood, while levels of control promote psychological adjustment in the OBD as they mature.
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17
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Cunningham K, Martinez DA, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Carey KB, Carey MP. Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2017; 26:353-366. [PMID: 29204066 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2017.1305934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with psychiatric disorders appear to be at increased risk for acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; however, little is known about the prevalence of behavioral risk factors in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Electronic database searches identified studies sampling adolescents diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and assessing both alcohol and sexual risk behaviors. Fourteen studies sampling 3,029 adolescents with psychiatric disorders were included. The majority of adolescents with psychiatric disorders report alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors. Risk reduction interventions targeting these two behaviors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlene Cunningham
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David A Martinez
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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18
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Pan LA, Goldstein TR, Rooks BT, Hickey M, Fan JY, Merranko J, Monk K, Diler RS, Sakolsky DJ, Hafeman D, Iyengar S, Goldstein B, Kupfer DJ, Axelson D, Brent DA, Birmaher B. The Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and Axis I Diagnoses Among Adolescent Offspring of Probands With Bipolar and Non-Bipolar Psychiatric Disorders and Healthy Controls: The Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study (BIOS). J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78:e234-e243. [PMID: 28199068 PMCID: PMC5927547 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.15m09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have explored the role of stressful life events in the development of mood disorders. We examined the frequency and nature of stressful life events as measured by the Stressful Life Events Schedule (SLES) among 3 groups of adolescent offspring of probands with bipolar (BD), with non-BD psychiatric disorders, and healthy controls. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between stressful life events and the presence of DSM-IV Axis I disorders in these offspring. Stressful life events were characterized as dependent, independent, or uncertain (neither dependent nor independent) and positive, negative, or neutral (neither positive nor negative). METHODS Offspring of probands with BD aged 13-18 years (n = 269), demographically matched offspring of probands with non-BD Axis I disorders (n = 88), and offspring of healthy controls (n = 81) from the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study were assessed from 2002 to 2007 with standardized instruments at intake. Probands completed the SLES for their offspring for life events within the prior year. Life events were evaluated with regard to current Axis I diagnoses in offspring after adjusting for confounds. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic and clinical between-group differences (in probands and offspring), offspring of probands with BD had greater independent (χ² = 11.96, P < .04) and neutral (χ² = 17.99, P < .003) life events compared with offspring of healthy controls and greater number of more severe stressful life events than offspring of healthy controls, but not offspring of probands with non-BD. Offspring of BD probands with comorbid substance use disorder reported more independent stressful life events compared to those without comorbid substance use disorder (P = .024). Greater frequency and severity of stressful life events were associated with current Axis I disorder in offspring of both probands with BD and probands with other Axis I disorders regardless of dependency or valence. Greater frequency and severity of stressful life events were associated with greater current Axis I disorder in all offspring. CONCLUSIONS Offspring of probands with BD have greater exposure to independent and neutral life events than offspring of healthy controls. Greater frequency and severity of stressful life events were associated with Axis I disorder in offspring of both BD and non-BD affected probands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Goldstein
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David Axelson
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital / The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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19
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Grierson AB, Hickie IB, Naismith SL, Scott J. The role of rumination in illness trajectories in youth: linking trans-diagnostic processes with clinical staging models. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2467-2484. [PMID: 27352637 PMCID: PMC4988274 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Research in developmental psychopathology and clinical staging models has increasingly sought to identify trans-diagnostic biomarkers or neurocognitive deficits that may play a role in the onset and trajectory of mental disorders and could represent modifiable treatment targets. Less attention has been directed at the potential role of cognitive-emotional regulation processes such as ruminative response style. Maladaptive rumination (toxic brooding) is a known mediator of the association between gender and internalizing disorders in adolescents and is increased in individuals with a history of early adversity. Furthermore, rumination shows moderate levels of genetic heritability and is linked to abnormalities in neural networks associated with emotional regulation and executive functioning. This review explores the potential role of rumination in exacerbating the symptoms of alcohol and substance misuse, and bipolar and psychotic disorders during the peak age range for illness onset. Evidence shows that rumination not only amplifies levels of distress and suicidal ideation, but also extends physiological responses to stress, which may partly explain the high prevalence of physical and mental co-morbidity in youth presenting to mental health services. In summary, the normative developmental trajectory of rumination and its role in the evolution of mental disorders and physical illness demonstrates that rumination presents a detectable, modifiable trans-diagnostic risk factor in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Grierson
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - I. B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. L. Naismith
- Charles Perkins Centre & Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Scott
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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20
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Sexual Risk Behaviors in the Adolescent Offspring of Parents with Bipolar Disorder: Prospective Associations with Parents' Personality and Externalizing Behavior in Childhood. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 44:1347-59. [PMID: 26767833 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that adolescent and young adult offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD), relative to control offspring, were more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors (SRBs). The present prospective study aimed to determine the contribution of parents' personality and offspring behaviour problems in middle childhood to offspring SRBs 10 years later. We hypothesized that offspring externalizing problems in childhood would mediate the relationship between parents' personality traits of neuroticism and agreeableness and adolescent SRBs. Furthermore, we expected these associations to be more robust among the OBD than controls. At baseline, 102 offspring (52 OBD and 50 controls) aged between 4 and 14 years were assessed along with their parents, who completed a self-report personality measure and child behavior rating. Behaviour ratings were also obtained from the children's teachers. Ten years later the offspring completed an interview assessing SRBs. Mediation analyses using bootstrapping revealed that, after controlling for age and presence of an affective disorder, externalizing behaviors served as a pathway through which high parental neuroticism, low parental agreeableness, and low parental extraversion were related to SRBs in offspring. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between parental neuroticism and childhood externalizing problems was stronger for OBD than controls. These findings add to our previous results showing parents' personality contributes to intergenerational risk transfer through behavioral problems in middle childhood. These results carry implications for optimal timing of preventative interventions in the OBD.
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