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Zhao Q, Wang Z, Yang C, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zeb I, Wang P, Wu H, Xiao Q, Xu F, Bian Y, Xiang N, Qiu M. Anxiety symptoms without depression are associated with cognitive control network (CNN) dysfunction: An fNIRS study. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14564. [PMID: 38487932 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is a common psychological disorder associated with other mental disorders, with depression being the most common comorbidity. Few studies have examined the neural mechanisms underlying anxiety after controlling for depression. This study aimed to explore whether there are differences in cortical activation in anxiety patients with different severities whose depression are normal. In the current study, depression levels were normal for 366 subjects-139 healthy subjects, 117 with mild anxiety, and 110 with major anxiety. Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a verbal fluency task (VFT) to test subjects' anxiety and depression and cognitive function, respectively. A 53-channel guided near-infrared spectroscopic imaging technology (fNIRS) detected the concentration of oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb). Correlation analysis between anxiety severity and oxy-Hb concentration in the brain cortex was performed, as well as ANOVA analysis of oxy-Hb concentration among the three anxiety severity groups. The results showed that anxiety severity was significantly and negatively correlated with oxy-Hb concentrations in the left frontal eye field (lFEF) and in the right dorsolateral prefrontal area (rDLPFC). The oxy-Hb concentration in the lFEF and the rDLPFC were significantly lower in the major anxiety disorder group than that in the control group. This suggests that decreased cortical activity of the lFEF and rDLPFC may be neural markers of anxiety symptoms after controlling for depression. Anxiety symptoms without depression may be result from the dysfunction of the cognitive control network (CCN) which includes the lFEF and rDLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Zhao
- Dean's Office, MianYang Teachers' College, Mianyang, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caihong Yang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Chen
- President Office, MianYang Teachers' College, Mianyang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Irum Zeb
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Wu
- School of education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueran Bian
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Xiang
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li G, Niu Y, Liang X, Andari E, Liu Z, Zhang KR. Psychological characteristics and emotional difficulties underlying school refusal in adolescents using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:898. [PMID: 38041012 PMCID: PMC10691063 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the psychological characteristics, related emotional problems and potential NIR brain function mechanism of adolescents who refuse to attend school. METHODS The study included 38 adolescents (12-18 years old) who were not attending school and 35 healthy controls (12-18 years old) who are attending school regularly. Participants completed (1) general demographics, (2) Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), (3) Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), (4) Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and (5) Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). In addition to the clinical tests, participants completed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Mental health, personality, and emotional state were evaluated in both groups to explore the differences and to understand the underlying mechanisms of school refusal during adolescence. RESULTS Adolescents who did not attend school had higher neuroticism scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire than healthy controls (p(FDR) < 0.001), introversion and concealment scores were lower than those of healthy controls (p(FDR) < 0.001), there was no significant difference in psychoticism scores between groups. SDS, SAS, SCL-90 scores and factor scores were higher than those of healthy control group (p(FDR) < 0.001), NIR functional brain imaging was different from healthy control group in the 12 and 27 channels (p(FDR) = 0.030, p(FDR) = 0.018), and no difference was found in the remaining channels (p(FDR) > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in age and gender between the adolescents who refused school and the control group (p(FDR) < 0.001). CONCLUSION School refusal adolescents are relatively introverted and sensitive and need more attention in daily life. Although the adolescents' emotional problems did not reach the diagnostic criteria of depressive disorder and anxiety disorder, their scores were still higher than those of the control group, suggesting that we should pay more attention to their emotional problems in order to better help them return to school. Using fNIRS, it was found that abnormalities in frontal lobe regions in adolescents with school refusal behaviors, which would contribute to early diagnosis and timely intervention of school refusal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No 85 Jiefang Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Niu
- College of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiumei Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No 85 Jiefang Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Elissar Andari
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No 85 Jiefang Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Ke-Rang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No 85 Jiefang Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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Zhang F, Wang QY, Zhou J, Zhou X, Wei X, Hu L, Cheng HL, Yu Q, Cai RL. Electroacupuncture attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting microglial engulfment of dendritic spines. iScience 2023; 26:107645. [PMID: 37670780 PMCID: PMC10475514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major side effect of reperfusion therapy following myocardial infarction is myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Electroacupuncture preconditioning (EA-pre) has a long history in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we demonstrate how EA-pre attenuates MIRI by affecting the phagocytosis of neuronal dendritic spines of microglia of the fastigial nucleus (FNmicroglia). We observed that EA-pre increased activity in FNGABA and then improved myocardial injury by inhibiting abnormal activities of glutaminergic neurons of the FN (FNGlu) during MIRI. Interestingly, we observed changes in the quantity and shape of FN microglia in mice treated with EA-pre and a decrease in the phagocytosis of FNGABA neuronal dendritic spines by microglia. Furthermore, the effects of improving MIRI were reversed when EA-pre mice were chemically activated by intra-FN lipopolysaccharide injection. Overall, our results provide new insight indicating that EA-pre regulates microglial engulfment capacity, thus promoting the improvement of cardiac sympathetic nervous disorder during MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qian-yi Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xia Wei
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong-liang Cheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rong-lin Cai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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4
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Stress estimation by the prefrontal cortex asymmetry: Study on fNIRS signals. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:151-157. [PMID: 36627057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive technique frequently used to measure the brain hemodynamic activity in applications to evaluate affective disorders and stress. Using two wavelengths of light, it is possible to monitor relative changes in the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. Besides, the spatial asymmetry in the prefrontal cortex activity has been correlated with the brain response to stressful situations. METHODS We measured prefrontal cortex activity with a NIRS multi-distance device during a baseline period, under stressful conditions (e.g., social stress), and after a recovery phase. We calculated a laterality index for the contaminated brain signal and for the brain signal where we removed the influence of extracerebral hemodynamic activity by using a short channel. RESULTS There was a significant right lateralization during stress when using the contaminated signals, consistent with previous investigations, but this significant difference disappeared using the corrected signals. Indeed, exploration of the susceptibility to contamination of the different channels showed non-homogeneous spatial patterns, which would hint at detection of stress from extracerebral activity from the forehead. LIMITATIONS There was no recovery phase between the social and the arithmetic stressor, a cumulative effect was not considered. CONCLUSIONS Extracerebral hemodynamic activity provided insights into the pertinence of short channel corrections in fNIRS studies dealing with emotions. It is important to consider this issue in clinical applications including modern monitoring systems based on fNIRS technique to assess emotional states in affective disorders.
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Hu S, Li XJ, Law S, Shen CY, Yao GQ, Zhang XQ, Li J, Chen GF, Xu B, Liu XM, Ma XY, Feng K, Liu PZ. Prefrontal cortex alterations in major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and their comorbidity during a verbal fluency task assessed by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychiatry Res 2021; 306:114229. [PMID: 34749225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are frequently comorbid with each other, and both associated with substantial cognitive impairments; however, it is still unclear whether their impairments are neurobiologically similar or distinct. This study aims to investigate the cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in patients with MDD and GAD during the verbal fluency task (VFT) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Fifty-two patients with MDD, fifty-one patients with GAD, fifty-two patients with the comorbidity of MDD and GAD (CMG), and forty-seven healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Significant hypoactivation in the left ventrolateral and the left dorsolateral PFC was common in all patient groups when compared to HCs, suggesting a shared etiology. Furthermore, MDD patients showed significant hypoactivation at the right frontal pole cortex (FPoC) when compared to HCs and significant hypoactivation at the middle FPoC when compared to the CMG patients. Our work is the first fNIRS study to reveal the shared and unique neurobiological profiles of MDD, GAD and their comorbidity under the same standard experimentation condition, suggesting fNIRS holds promise as an adjutant to assist clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chen-Yu Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Qun Yao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Ma
- Beijing Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Po-Zi Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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McDowell CP, Newman L, Monroe DC, O’Connor JD, Knight SP, Kenny RA, Herring MP. The Association Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Resting-State Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation Is Modified by Self-Reported Physical Activity: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1391-1397. [PMID: 33780537 PMCID: PMC8600010 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with anxiety disorders exhibit lower intrinsic functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical areas and subcortical regions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is sensitive to the acute and chronic effects of physical activity (PA), while the anxiolytic effects of PA are well known. The current study examined the association of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its interaction with PA, with resting-state, left PFC oxygenation. This cross-sectional study used data from participants (N = 2444) from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative prospective study of community-living adults aged 50 and older in Ireland. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form determined fulfillment of criteria for GAD. The short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire determined adherence to the World Health Organization PA guidelines. Resting-state, left PFC oxygenation was continuously measured via a Portalite. Tissue saturation index (TSI) was calculated as the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total tissue hemoglobin (expressed as a percentage) for the final minute of a 5-minute supine-rest period. Multivariable linear regression quantified associations of GAD with TSI in the total population and population stratified by PA status. Participants with GAD had lower TSI (b = -1.416, p = .008) compared to those without GAD. However, this association was modified by PA. Among participants who met the PA guidelines, TSI did not differ according to GAD status (b = -0.800, p = .398). For participants who did not meet the guidelines, TSI was significantly lower among those with GAD (b = -1.758, p = .004). These findings suggest that PA may help to protect brain health among older adults with GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian P McDowell
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Newman
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek C Monroe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - John D O’Connor
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matt P Herring
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
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7
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Jafari E, Alizadehgoradel J, Pourmohseni Koluri F, Nikoozadehkordmirza E, Refahi M, Taherifard M, Nejati V, Hallajian AH, Ghanavati E, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Salehinejad MA. Intensified electrical stimulation targeting lateral and medial prefrontal cortices for the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-comparison study. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:974-986. [PMID: 34167918 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the most common anxiety disorder while remains largely untreated. Disturbed amygdala-frontal network functions are central to the pathophysiology of SAD, marked by hypoactivity of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hypersensitivity of the medial PFC and the amygdala. The objective of this study was to determine whether modulation of the dorsolateral and medial PFC activity with a novel intensified stimulation protocol reduces SAD core symptoms, improves treatment-related variables, and reduces attention bias to threatening stimuli. METHODS In this randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial, we assessed the efficacy of an intensified stimulation protocol (20 min, twice-daily sessions with 20 min intervals, 5 consecutive days) in two intensities (1 vs 2 mA) compared to sham stimulations. 45 patients with SAD were randomized in three tDCS arms (1-mA, 2-mA, sham). SAD symptoms, treatment-related variables (worries, depressive state, emotion regulation, quality of life), and attention bias to threatening stimuli (dot-probe paradigm) were assessed before and right after the intervention. SAD symptoms were also assessed at 2-month follow-up. RESULTS Both 1-mA and 2-mA protocols significantly reduced fear/avoidance symptoms, worries and improved, emotion regulation and quality of life after the intervention compared to the sham group. Improving effect of the 2-mA protocol on avoidance symptoms, worries and depressive state was significantly larger than the 1-mA group. Only the 2-mA protocol reduced attention bias to threat-related stimuli, the avoidance symptom at follow-up, and depressive states, as compared to the sham group. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of lateral-medial PFC activity with intensified stimulation can improve cognitive control, motivation and emotion networks in SAD and might thereby result in therapeutic effects. These effects can be larger with 2-mA vs 1-mA intensities, though a linear relationship between intensity and efficacy should not be concluded. Our results need replication in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisa Jafari
- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Alizadehgoradel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | | | | | - Meysam Refahi
- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Taherifard
- Department of Psychology, Mohaghegh-Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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Kir Y, Sayar-Akaslan D, Agtas-Ertan E, Kusman A, Baskak N, Baran Z, Munir K, Baskak B. Cortical activity during social acceptance and rejection task in social anxiety disorder: A controlled functional near infrared spectroscopy study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110012. [PMID: 32553940 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive and emotional vulnerability of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and their response to repeated experiences of social rejection and social acceptance are important factors for the emergence and maintenance of symptoms of the disorder. Functional neuroimaging studies of SAD reveal hyperactivity in regions involved in the fear circuit such as amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortices (PFC) in response to human faces with negative emotions. Observation of brain activity, however, involving studies of responses to standardized human interaction of social acceptance and social rejection have been lacking. METHODS We compared a group of index subjects with SAD (N = 22, mean age:26.3 ± 5.4, female/male: 7/15) (SADG) with a group of healthy controls (CG) (N = 21, mean age:28.7 ± 4.5, female/male: 14/7) in measures of cortical activity during standardized experiences of human interaction involving social acceptance (SA) and social rejection (SR) video-simulated handshaking tasks performed by real actors. In a third, control condition (CC), the subjects were expected to press a switch button in an equivalent space. Subjects with a concurrent mood episode were excluded and the severity of subclinical depressive symptoms was controlled. 52-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure cortical activity. RESULTS Activity was higher in the SAD subjects compared to healthy controls, in particular in channels that project to middle and superior temporal gyri (STG), frontal eye fields (FEF) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in terms of both SA and SR conditions. Cortical activity during the CC was not different between the groups. Only in the SAD-group, activity in the pre-motor and supplementary motor cortices, inferior and middle temporal gyri and fronto-polar area was higher during the rejection condition than the other two conditions. Anxiety scores were correlated with activity in STG, DLPFC, FEF and premotor cortex, while avoidance scores were correlated with activity in STG and FEF. CONCLUSIONS SA and SR are represented differently in terms of cortical activity in SAD subjects compared to healthy controls. Higher activity in both social conditions in SAD subjects compared to controls may imply biological sensitivity to these experiences and may underscore the importance of increased cortical activity during social interaction experiences as a putative mediator of vulnerability to SAD. Higher cortical activity in the SADG may possibly indicate stronger need for inhibitory control mechanisms and higher recruitment of theory of mind functions during social stress. Higher activity during the SR compared to the SA condition in the SAD subjects may also suggest distinct processing of social cues, whether they involve acceptance or rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Kir
- Ankara University, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Sayar-Akaslan
- Ankara University, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Agtas-Ertan
- Ankara University, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Kusman
- Ankara University, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Baskak
- Yenimahalle Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Baran
- Hacettepe University, Department of Psychology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Munir
- Harvard Medical School, Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Bora Baskak
- Ankara University, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey.
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9
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Wang J, Tian Y, Zeng LH, Xu H. Prefrontal Disinhibition in Social Fear: A Vital Action of Somatostatin Interneurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:611732. [PMID: 33390908 PMCID: PMC7773700 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.611732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social fear and avoidance of social partners and social situations represent the core behavioral symptom of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), a prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide. The pathological mechanism of SAD remains elusive and there are no specific and satisfactory therapeutic options currently available. With the development of appropriate animal models, growing studies start to unravel neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying social fear, and underscore a fundamental role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Prefrontal cortical functions are implemented by a finely wired microcircuit composed of excitatory principal neurons (PNs) and diverse subtypes of inhibitory interneurons (INs). Disinhibition, defined as a break in inhibition via interactions between IN subtypes that enhances the output of excitatory PNs, has recently been discovered to serve as an efficient strategy in cortical information processing. Here, we review the rodent animal models of social fear, the prefrontal IN diversity, and their circuits with a particular emphasis on a novel disinhibitory microcircuit mediated by somatostatin-expressing INs in gating social fear behavior. The INs subtype distinct and microcircuit-based mechanism advances our understanding of the etiology of social fear and sheds light on developing future treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with social fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Prefrontal cortex hypoactivity distinguishes severe from mild-to-moderate social anxiety as revealed by a palm-sized near-infrared spectroscopy system. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1305-1313. [PMID: 32638118 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chang F, Li H, Zhang S, Chen C, Liu C, Cai W. Research progress of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with psychiatric disorders. Forensic Sci Res 2020; 6:141-147. [PMID: 34377571 PMCID: PMC8330753 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2020.1720901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technique of detecting cerebral cortical function by using near-infrared light, which is a multifunctional neuroimaging technique and provides a convenient and efficient detection method in neuroscience. In consideration of acceptability, safety, high spatial and temporal resolutions compared with electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), fNIRS is widely used to study different psychiatric disorders, most prominently affective disorders, schizophrenic illnesses, brain organic mental disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders, etc. The article focuses on the latest research progress and practical application of fNIRS in psychiatric disorders, especially traumatic brain, including studies on the characterization of phenomenology, treatment effects and descriptions of neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.,School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haozhe Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixiong Cai
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.,School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Stein DJ, Fernandes Medeiros L, Caumo W, Torres IL. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Anxiety: Current Perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:161-169. [PMID: 32021208 PMCID: PMC6969693 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s195840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric conditions worldwide. Pharmaco- and psycho-therapies have been employed in the treatment of human anxiety to date. Yet, either alone or in combination, unsatisfactory patient outcomes are prevalent, resulting in a considerable number of people whose symptoms fail to respond to conventional therapies with symptoms remaining after intervention. The demand for new therapies has given birth to several noninvasive brain stimulation techniques. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has arisen as a promising tool and has been proven to be safe and well tolerated for the treatment of many diseases, including chronic pain, depression, and anxiety. Here, reports of the use of tDCS in anxiety disorders in human patients were reviewed and summarized. A literature search was conducted in mid-2019, to identify clinical studies that evaluated the use of tDCS for the treatment of anxiety behavior. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scielo and PsycInfo databases were explored using the following descriptors: "anxiety", "anxious behavior", "tDCS", and "transcranial direct current stimulation". Among the selected articles, considerable variability in the type of tDCS treatment applied in interventions was observed. Evidence shows that tDCS may be more effective when used in combination with drugs and cognitive behavioral therapies; however future large-scale clinical trials are recommended to better clarify the real effects of this intervention alone, or in combination with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirson João Stein
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci Ls Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Leung TK, Lee CM, Gasbarri M, Chen YC. Base on concept of traditional Chinese medicine: Experimental studies on efficacy of BIOCERAMIC Resonance to alleviate drug withdrawal symptoms. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 9:257-262. [PMID: 31453120 PMCID: PMC6702142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Those who are challenged by dependency on prescription drugs or suffer drug addictions have few options available to them for recovery, such as psychotherapy and physiotherapy. Here we present a new approach with clinical examples involving stimulant addiction or overdose of hypnotic drugs that were received BIOCERAMIC Resonance, which was developed based on concept of 12 meridian channels of traditional Chinese medicine, and has successful withdrawal or dose reduction benefits. We describe the whole process and the clinical outcome. And by help of our previous publication on functional MRI, we discuss the possible brain locations response to BIOCERAMIC Resonance that may be corresponding to the beneficial effects of relief of depression, sleep deprivation and other mental symptoms that associate with substance abuse and withdrawal effects. We suggest this could be potentially widely application on substances abuse.
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A Disinhibitory Microcircuit Mediates Conditioned Social Fear in the Prefrontal Cortex. Neuron 2019; 102:668-682.e5. [PMID: 30898376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fear behavior is under tight control of the prefrontal cortex, but the underlying microcircuit mechanism remains elusive. In particular, it is unclear how distinct subtypes of inhibitory interneurons (INs) within prefrontal cortex interact and contribute to fear expression. We employed a social fear conditioning paradigm and induced robust social fear in mice. We found that social fear is characterized by activation of dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and is largely diminished by dmPFC inactivation. With a combination of in vivo electrophysiological recordings and fiber photometry together with cell-type-specific pharmacogenetics, we further demonstrated that somatostatin (SST) INs suppressed parvalbumin (PV) INs and disinhibited pyramidal cells and consequently enhanced dmPFC output to mediate social fear responses. These results reveal a previously unknown disinhibitory microcircuit in prefrontal cortex through interactions between IN subtypes and suggest that SST INs-mediated disinhibition represents an important circuit mechanism in gating social fear behavior.
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Narita N, Kamiya K, Makiyama Y, Iwaki S, Komiyama O, Ishii T, Wake H. Prefrontal modulation during chewing performance in occlusal dysesthesia patients: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1181-1196. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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