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Rhee TG, Bommersbach TJ, Rosenheck RA, Nierenberg AA, McIntyre RS. National trends and correlates of treatment resistance in major depressive episode and associated suicidal ideation and behaviors among adults in the United States. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:342-349. [PMID: 38734245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine recent 12-year trends in prevalence of suicidal ideation and behaviors (SIBs) among US adults experiencing a past-year treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHODS Using data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, we estimated the annual percentage of individuals aged ≥18 with TRD who reported past-year SIBs, and estimated linear trends adjusting for potentially confounding factors from 2009 to 2020. RESULTS Of estimated 237.5 million US adults, 7.1 % met diagnostic criteria for a past-year major depressive episode (MDE) between 2009 and 2020. Of these, 9.7 % met criteria for TRD. The proportion reporting past-year suicidal ideation in TRD ranged from 39.5 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], 32.1-47.3 %) in 2009-2010 to 43.4 % (95 % CI, 36.7-503 %) in 2019-2020, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 1.3 % (95 % CI, -0.7 % to 3.3 %). The prevalence of past-year suicide attempts in TRD was 7.3 % across the study period (AAPC, 0.1 %; 95 % CI, -4.3 % to 4.7 %). Past-year SIBs were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of meeting criteria for TRD among adults with MDE (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.53; 95 % CI, 1.35-1.75 for suicidal ideation; AOR, 2.17; 95 % CI, 1.79-2.62 for suicide attempts). No significant differences were observed between 2019 and 2020, reflecting the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Among individuals with TRD, proportions of SIBs are high. These findings underscore an urgent need for suicide prevention efforts in this high-risk population, including preventive services across diverse settings and accessibility to evidence-based pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA New England Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | | | - Robert A Rosenheck
- VA New England Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Denneson LM, Smolenski DJ, McDonald KL, Shull S, Hoffmire CA, Britton PC, Carlson KF, Dobscha SK. Gender differences in risk and resilience for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A national longitudinal survey study of United States veterans with a recent suicide attempt. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)00878-4. [PMID: 38815763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reports on gender differences in psychosocial symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors from the first longitudinal, national survey of veterans with a recent nonfatal suicide attempt to inform women-tailored suicide prevention. METHODS We recruited all female veterans with a documented nonfatal suicide attempt between October 2018 and September 2019 and a stratified matched sample of males. Surveys were administered at baseline, month 6, and month 12; 968 veterans completed the baseline survey with valid gender data. Surveys assessed psychosocial constructs, suicidal ideation severity, and suicidal behavior. Administrative datasets provided healthcare and suicide attempt data during the one year follow up. RESULTS Women retained higher social rejection and institutional betrayal, and lower self-compassion and autonomy than men over follow up. Higher overall self-compassion was associated with lower baseline suicide ideation for both women and men; however, this association was stronger for women (Δ = -0.19; 95 % CI = -0.31, -0.07; d = -0.15). Individuals with higher overall psychological distress had greater odds of a subsequent suicide attempt (AOR = 2.20, 95 % CI = 1.56, 3.11). Social rejection had the strongest association with worsening psychological distress, both within individuals (b = 0.18; 95 % CI = 0.14, 0.23; d = 0.23) and between individuals (b = 0.07; 95 % CI = 0.04, 0.10; d = 0.09). LIMITATIONS Results may not generalize beyond a VHA-utilizing veteran population. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study inform potential therapeutic targets and topics for future research on tailoring suicide prevention for women veterans. While all veterans may need support reducing distress, women may need additional support in multiple other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Denneson
- HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Derek J Smolenski
- Defense Health Agency, Department of Defense, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Katie L McDonald
- HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Shull
- HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Claire A Hoffmire
- Rocky Mountain MIRECC, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter C Britton
- VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen F Carlson
- HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven K Dobscha
- HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Anstee L, Richards S, Shah C, Magon R, Zia A. Characteristics and outcomes of people in suicidal crisis at two emergency departments: a service evaluation. Emerg Nurse 2024:e2204. [PMID: 38742289 DOI: 10.7748/en.2024.e2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Emergency departments (EDs) provide critical opportunities for nurses to support suicide prevention. This article details a service evaluation that was undertaken to explore the characteristics and outcomes of people in suicidal crisis at two EDs in the East of England during June 2023. Data routinely collected by the ED mental health liaison team were combined with a retrospective case note review of the local NHS mental health trust's electronic patient records. Attendees had a mean age of 35 years and seven months, and were often diagnosed with depression or emotionally unstable personality disorder. Most had a history of self-harm and were currently known to mental health services. Suicide-specific interventions were rarely recorded by nurses and relapse behaviours were prevalent after presentation. Local and national suicide prevention strategies should encourage nurses to address gaps in support, thereby improving patients' experiences in and beyond the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lottie Anstee
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, England
| | - Sabrina Richards
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, England
| | - Chetan Shah
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, England
| | - Rakesh Magon
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, England
| | - Asif Zia
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, England
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4
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Havlik JL, Rhee TG, Rosenheck RA. Association of mental health related quality of life and other factors with treatment seeking for substance use disorders: A comparison of SUDs rooted in legal, partially legal, and illegal substances. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302544. [PMID: 38683850 PMCID: PMC11057773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of subjective mental health-related quality of life (MHRQOL) and treatment use among people experiencing common substance use disorders (SUDs) is not known. Furthermore, the association of a given substance's legal status with treatment use has not been studied. This work aims determine the association of MHRQOL with SUD treatment use, and how substance legal status modulates this relationship. Our analysis used nationally-representative data from the NESARC-III database of those experiencing past-year SUDs (n = 5,808) to compare rates of treatment use and its correlates among three groups: those with illicit substance use disorders (ISUDs); those with partially legal substance use disorders, i.e., cannabis use disorder (CUD); and those with fully legal substance use disorders, i.e., alcohol use disorder (AUD). Survey-weighted multiple regression analysis was used to assess the association of MHRQOL with likelihood of treatment use among these three groups, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and diagnostic factors. Adults with past-year ISUDs were significantly more likely to use treatment than those with CUD and AUD. Among those with ISUDs, MHRQOL had no significant association with likelihood of treatment use. Those with past-year CUD saw significant negative association of MHRQOL with treatment use in unadjusted analysis, but not after controlling for diagnostic and other behavioral health factors. Those with past-year AUD had significant negative association of MHRQOL with treatment use in both unadjusted and adjusted analysis. If legalization and decriminalization continue, there may be a greater need for effective public education and harm reduction services to address this changing SUD landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Havlik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Taeho G. Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Rosenheck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Albuquerque Perrelli JG, García-Cerde R, Medeiros PFPD, Sanchez ZM. Profiles of mental illness in college students and associated factors: A latent class analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:9-19. [PMID: 38701610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness among university students poses a pressing challenge for educational institutions, urging the need for strategies that foster health and mitigate mental distress, with an emphasis on preventing suicide. Our study sought to discern the profiles of mental illness among college students and explore the factors associated with them. We examined data from 918 students at a Brazilian Federal Institute, utilizing Latent Class Analysis and multinomial regression for our analyses. We identified three distinct mental illness profiles: Anxiety with Low Suicide Risk; Mental Illness with Moderate Suicide Risk; and Mental Illness with High Suicide Risk. We observed a reduced association of these profiles with religious beliefs. Conversely, there was a heightened association with cisgender women, individuals identifying as LGBTQI+, those with learning disabilities, and victims of sexual violence. Our findings underscore the importance of tailored prevention and health promotion programs to enhance student well-being. There's a compelling need to devise mental health strategies tailored to the specific needs of the identified groups, particularly students from the LGBTQI + community, survivors of sexual abuse, and those grappling with learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque Perrelli
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo García-Cerde
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Waitz-Kudla SN, Brydon C, Alvarez J, Branham J, Witte TK. Suicidality in Veterinarians: Trends at Different Career Stages and a Test of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Arch Suicide Res 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38651894 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2024.2343741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in suicide ideation and attempt at different career stages and test hypotheses derived from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) in a sample of veterinarians. METHOD The sample of currently practicing veterinarians used for this study (N = 10,319) was derived from a larger sample. Participants completed an online self-report questionnaire. RESULTS As predicted, women generally had a higher prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt across career stages, except men and women showed similar rates of suicide attempt after veterinary school. Contrary to hypotheses, no interaction effects between IPTS variables were observed. However, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and hopelessness exhibited the main effects of suicide ideation, and there were main effects of perceived burdensomeness and hopelessness on suicide attempt. Compared with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, hopelessness had a relatively more robust relationship with suicide ideation. We also found a significant relationship between fearlessness about death and suicide attempt, but no relationship between self-reported pain tolerance and suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS Some of our findings were consistent with the IPTS while others were not. Future research would benefit from a longitudinal examination of suicidality in veterinarians.
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Xue X, Demirci D, Lenze EJ, Reynolds Iii CF, Mulsant BH, Wetherell JL, Wu GF, Blumberger DM, Karp JF, Butters MA, Mendes-Silva AP, Vieira EL, Tseng G, Diniz BS. Sex differences in plasma proteomic markers in late-life depression. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115773. [PMID: 38350292 PMCID: PMC10947839 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown significant sex-specific differences in major depressive disorder (MDD) in multiple biological parameters. Most studies focused on young and middle-aged adults, and there is a paucity of information about sex-specific biological differences in older adults with depression (aka, late-life depression (LLD)). To address this gap, this study aimed to evaluate sex-specific biological abnormalities in a large group of individuals with LLD using an untargeted proteomic analysis. We quantified 344 plasma proteins using a multiplex assay in 430 individuals with LLD and 140 healthy comparisons (HC) (age range between 60 and 85 years old for both groups). Sixty-six signaling proteins were differentially expressed in LLD (both sexes). Thirty-three proteins were uniquely associated with LLD in females, while six proteins were uniquely associated with LLD in males. The main biological processes affected by these proteins in females were related to immunoinflammatory control. In contrast, despite the smaller number of associated proteins, males showed dysregulations in a broader range of biological pathways, including immune regulation pathways, cell cycle control, and metabolic control. Sex has a significant impact on biomarker changes in LLD. Despite some overlap in differentially expressed biomarkers, males and females show different patterns of biomarkers changes, and males with LLD exhibit abnormalities in a larger set of biological processes compared to females. Our findings can provide novel targets for sex-specific interventions in LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, PA USA
| | - Derya Demirci
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Charles F Reynolds Iii
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, & Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Julie Loebach Wetherell
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Mental Health Impact Unit 3, University of California, San Diego Department of Psychiatry USA
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, & Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jordan F Karp
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Meryl A Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Ana Paula Mendes-Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Erica L Vieira
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, PA USA
| | - Breno S Diniz
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT USA; Department of Psychiatry, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT USA.
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8
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Aly SM, Hennart B, Gaulier JM, Allorge D. Effect of CYP2D6, 2C19, and 3A4 Phenoconversion in Drug-Related Deaths. TOXICS 2024; 12:260. [PMID: 38668482 PMCID: PMC11054314 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Molecular autopsy is a very important tool in forensic toxicology. However, many determinants, such as co-medication and physiological parameters, should be considered for optimal results. These determinants could cause phenoconversion (PC), a discrepancy between the real metabolic profile after phenoconversion and the phenotype determined by the genotype. This study's objective was to assess the PC of drug-metabolizing enzymes, namely CYP2D6, 2C19, and 3A4, in 45 post-mortem cases where medications that are substrates, inducers, or inhibitors of these enzymes were detected. It also intended to evaluate how PC affected the drug's metabolic ratio (MR) in four cases. Blood samples from 45 cases of drug-related deaths were analyzed to detect and determine drug and metabolite concentrations. Moreover, all the samples underwent genotyping utilizing the HaloPlex Target Enrichment System for CYP2D6, 2C19, and 3A4. The results of the present study revealed a statistically significant rate of PC for the three investigated enzymes, with a higher frequency of poor metabolizers after PC. A compatibility was seen between the results of the genomic evaluation after PC and the observed MRs of venlafaxine, citalopram, and fentanyl. This leads us to focus on the determinants causing PC that may be mainly induced by drug interactions. This complex phenomenon can have a significant impact on the analysis, interpretation of genotypes, and accurate conclusions in forensic toxicology. Nevertheless, more research with more cases in the future is needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa M. Aly
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie-Génopathies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hennart
- CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie-Génopathies, F-59000 Lille, France
- ULR 4483—IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaulier
- CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie-Génopathies, F-59000 Lille, France
- ULR 4483—IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Allorge
- CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie-Génopathies, F-59000 Lille, France
- ULR 4483—IMPECS—IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Iweama CN, Agbaje OS, Lerum NI, Igbokwe CC, Ozoemena LE. Suicidal ideation and attempts among Nigerian undergraduates: Exploring the relationships with depression, hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241236137. [PMID: 38533197 PMCID: PMC10964440 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241236137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The study investigated the prevalence of suicidal behavior and its association with depression, hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness in a sample of undergraduates in Nigeria. Introduction Suicide is a leading cause of death among young adults globally. However, information about suicidal ideation, attempts, and relationships with psychiatric factors, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness is sparse in Nigeria. The study investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts and associated factors in a sample of undergraduates in Nigeria. Methods We collected data from a cross-sectional survey of 625 undergraduate students primarily recruited from universities, colleges of education, and polytechnics in Adamawa Central Senatorial Zone, Adamawa State, northeast Nigeria. The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, the 15-item Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the 20-item version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale were administered to the participants. We used descriptive statistics and binary and multivariate logistic regressions for data analysis. Results A total of 616 students with a mean age of 21.41 ± 4.72 years completed the study. The prevalence of suicidal behavior was 34.9% (215/616). Having a female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.06, 34.03), depression (AOR = 45.15, 95% CI: 0.95, 5.11), hopelessness (AOR = 20.10, 95% CI: 5.56, 72.41), and perceived burdensomeness (AOR = 89.15, 95% CI: 29.63, 268.30) were associated with suicidal ideation. In addition, being a female (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.83), being a 200-level student (AOR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.46, 7.96), and being a 300-level student (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11, 0.74) were associated with suicidal attempt. Conclusion The study's findings show that suicidal behaviors (ideations and attempts) are prevalent among undergraduate students in northeast Nigeria. The findings underline the need for the development of mental health services and early identification and intervention for at-risk young people in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cylia Nkechi Iweama
- Faculty of Education, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje
- Faculty of Education, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Namuga Isaiah Lerum
- Faculty of Education, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Charles Chima Igbokwe
- Faculty of Education, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Lawretta Eyuche Ozoemena
- Faculty of Education, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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Davila-Cervantes CA, Luna-Contreras M. Suicide attempts in the adult Mexican population: an analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and associated factors. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 27:e240014. [PMID: 38511824 PMCID: PMC10946288 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720240014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is the culmination of a process or continuum known as suicidal behavior that proceeds from ideation and planning to attempt. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of suicide attempts in the adult Mexican population and to analyze their main associated factors. METHODS We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study with information from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2018). Self-reported lifetime suicide attempt was used in the analysis. We analyzed depression, obesity, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption as suicide attempt-associated factors using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS The prevalence of adult suicide attempt was 2.0% (95%CI 1.8-2.2) and it was higher among women (2.4%; 95%CI 2.2-2.8) and young people (2.9%; 95%CI 2.4-3.4). Low education (OR=1.6; 95%CI 1.2-2.2), being single (OR=1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.6), having obesity (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.1-1.8), consumption of alcohol (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.7-3.4) or tobacco smoking (OR=1.8; 95%CI 1.4-2.4), and having strong symptoms of depression (OR=10.1; 95%CI 6.2-16.3) were associated with a higher prevalence of suicide attempts. CONCLUSION These results help better understand suicidal behavior in Mexico and identify the factors that increase the likelihood of suicide attempts, which is essential to help reduce suicide mortality. This research is crucial for developing early interventions and prevention programs aimed at reducing suicide's public health burden.
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Ryan PC, Lowry NJ, Boudreaux E, Snyder DJ, Claassen CA, Harrington CJ, Jobes DA, Bridge JA, Pao M, Horowitz LM. Chronic Pain, Hopelessness, and Suicide Risk Among Adult Medical Inpatients. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2024; 65:126-135. [PMID: 38030078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2023.11.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medically ill adults are at elevated risk for suicide. Chronic pain and hopelessness are associated with suicide; however, few studies have examined the interaction between chronic pain and hopelessness in predicting suicide risk among hospitalized adults. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the association between chronic pain, hopelessness, and suicide risk, defined as recent suicidal ideation or lifetime suicidal behavior. In addition, we examined the interaction between chronic pain and hopelessness. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a multisite study to validate the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) among adult medical inpatients. Participants reported if they experienced chronic pain that impacted daily life and if they felt hopeless about their medical condition and provided their current pain rating on a 1 to 10 scale, with 10 being the most severe pain. A t-test compared pain severity scores by ASQ outcome. A binary logistic regression model described the association between chronic pain, hopelessness, and suicide risk; parameter estimates are expressed as odds ratios (OR) for interpretation. The interaction between chronic pain and hopelessness was examined in both the transformed (logit) and natural (probability) scales of the generalized linear model. RESULTS The sample included 720 participants (53.2% male, 62.4% White, mean age: 50.1 [16.3] years, range = 18-93). On the ASQ, 15.7% (113/720) of patients screened positive. Half (360/720) of the sample self-reported chronic pain. Individuals who screened positive had higher pain rating scores than those who screened negative (t = -4.2, df = 147.6, P < 0.001). Among all patients, 27.2% (196/720) felt hopeless about their medical condition. In the logistic regression model, patients with chronic pain (adjusted OR: 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-4.43, P = 0.01) or hopelessness (adjusted OR: 5.69, 95% CI: 2.52-12.64, P < 0.001) had greater odds of screening positive on the ASQ. The interaction effect between pain and hopelessness was not significant in the transformed (B = -0.15, 95% CI: -1.11 to 0.82, P = 0.76) or natural (B = 0.08, 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.23, P = 0.28) scale. CONCLUSIONS There were significant independent associations between (1) chronic pain and suicide risk and between (2) hopelessness and suicide risk. Future research should examine the temporality and mechanisms underlying these relationships to inform prevention efforts for medically ill adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Ryan
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nathan J Lowry
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edwin Boudreaux
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chan School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
| | - Deborah J Snyder
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Colin J Harrington
- Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - David A Jobes
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C
| | - Jeffrey A Bridge
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Maryland Pao
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lisa M Horowitz
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
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Kotzalidis GD, Fiaschè F, Alcibiade A, Monti L, Di Segni F, Mazza M, Sani G. New pharmacotherapies to tackle the unmet needs in bipolar disorder: a focus on acute suicidality. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:435-446. [PMID: 38517222 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2334425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidal behavior is relatively frequent in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and constitutes their most frequent cause of death. Suicide rates remain high in patients with BD despite adherence to guidelines recommending lithium as first line, and/or antidepressants, antipsychotics, psychotherapy, psychosocial interventions, and electroconvulsive therapy. Hence the need to identify more effective and rapid anti-suicide interventions. AREAS COVERED To tackle the unmet needs of pharmacotherapy, we investigated the PubMed database on 24-25 January 2024 using strategies like ('acute suicid*'[ti] OR 'suicide crisis syndrome' OR 'acute suicidal affective disturbance') AND (lithium[ti] OR clozapine[ti]), which obtained 3 results, and ('acute suicid*'[ti] OR 'suicide crisis syndrome' OR 'acute suicidal affective disturbance') AND (ketamine[ti] OR esketamine[ti] OR NMDA[ti] OR glutamat*[ti]), which yielded 14 results. We explored glutamatergic abnormalities in BD and suicide and found alterations in both. The noncompetitive NMDS antagonist ketamine and its S-enantiomer esketamine reportedly decrease acute suicidality. EXPERT OPINION Intranasal esketamine or subcutaneous ketamine, single-bolus or intravenous, and possibly other glutamate receptor modulators may improve suicidal behavior in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. This may be achieved through prompt remodulation of glutamate activity. The correct use of glutamatergic modulators could reduce acute suicidality and mortality in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Kotzalidis
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Fiaschè
- ASL RM1, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri, Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alcibiade
- Marina Militare Italiana (Italian Navy), Defense Ministry of Italy, Rome, Italy
- Psychiatry Residency Training Programme, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- UOS Clinical Psychology, Clinical Government, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Di Segni
- Psychiatry Residency Training Programme, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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13
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Bowersox NW, Smith CM, Austin K, Bradford DW, Browne J, Nelson SM, Szymanski BR, Glynn SM. Mortality and suicidality in veterans health administration patients with newly-identified early episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:362-369. [PMID: 38219412 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Within the Veterans Affairs (VA), management of self-harm is a major clinical priority. However, there is limited information on risks for self-harm among VA patients with emerging psychotic disorders relative to VA patients with other emerging mental health conditions. Using information from fiscal years 2010 through 2018, a national cohort of VA patients 30 or younger was classified based on mental health diagnoses into three groups: 1) early episode psychosis (EEP), 2) non-early episode psychosis mental health (non-EEP MH), or 3) no mental health (no MH). Analyses focused on cohort members' risk for all-cause mortality, suicide mortality, and non-fatal suicide attempts (NFSA) during the year following initial diagnosis of mental health conditions (or first year of VA care, for the no MH group). In unadjusted analyses, the EEP group had elevated rates of all-cause mortality, suicide mortality, and NFSA relative to the non-EEP MH and no MH groups and the non-EEP MH had elevated rates of all-cause mortality, suicide mortality, and NFSA relative to the no MH group. After adjusting for demographics and care receipt, EEP status was unrelated to all-cause mortality but associated with increased suicide mortality risk and NFSA. Non-EEP MH status was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality but increased risk for NFSA. In the year following first diagnosis, VA patients with EEP are at increased risk for suicide mortality and self-harm even after accounting for other risk factors. Clinical services targeting this crucial time can help promote safety for this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Bowersox
- Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Colin M Smith
- Duke Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karen Austin
- Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel W Bradford
- Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office, Washington, DC, USA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julia Browne
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sharon M Nelson
- Center for Evaluation and Implementation Resources, VA Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Psychology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Szymanski
- Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shirley M Glynn
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System at West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Miller-Matero LR, Yeh HH, Maffett A, Mooney JT, Sala-Hamrick K, Frank CB, Simon GE, Rossom R, Owen-Smith AA, Lynch FL, Beck A, Waring S, Daida YG, Lu CY, Ahmedani BK. Racial-Ethnic Differences in Receipt of Past-Year Health Care Services Among Suicide Decedents: A Case-Control Study. Psychiatr Serv 2024; 75:124-130. [PMID: 37554000 PMCID: PMC10840630 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide remains an urgent public health crisis. Although some sociodemographic characteristics are associated with greater suicide risk in the general population, it is unclear whether individuals utilizing health care in the United States have similar suicide incidence patterns. The authors examined whether race-ethnicity is associated with suicide death among patients seeking health care and investigated health care utilization patterns. METHODS Data were collected from electronic health records and government mortality records for patients seeking health care across nine health care systems in the United States. Patients who died by suicide (N=1,935) were matched with patients in a control group (N=19,350) within each health care system. RESULTS Patients who died by suicide were significantly more likely to be White, older, male, living in low-education areas, living in rural areas, or diagnosed as having mental health conditions or were significantly less likely to have commercial insurance (p<0.05). Among most racial-ethnic groups, those who died by suicide had a higher number of past-year mental health, primary care, and total health care visits; for American Indian/Alaska Native patients, the number of health care visits tended to be lower among suicide decedents. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that higher past-year health care utilization was associated with increased likelihood of suicide death across several racial-ethnic groups. This observation underscores the need for identifying and managing suicide risk in health care settings, including outside of mental health visits, among most racial-ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Miller-Matero
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Hsueh-Han Yeh
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Anissa Maffett
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Jan T Mooney
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Kelsey Sala-Hamrick
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Cathrine B Frank
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Gregory E Simon
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Rebecca Rossom
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Ashli A Owen-Smith
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Frances L Lynch
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Arne Beck
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Stephen Waring
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Yihe G Daida
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Christine Y Lu
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
| | - Brian K Ahmedani
- Behavioral Health (Miller-Matero, Maffett, Mooney, Frank, Ahmedani) and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Miller-Matero, Yeh, Sala-Hamrick, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Simon); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora (Beck); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring); Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu)
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15
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Miller-Matero LR, Yeh HH, Ahmedani BK, Rossom RC, Harry ML, Daida YG, Coleman KJ. Suicide attempts after bariatric surgery: comparison to a nonsurgical cohort of individuals with severe obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:1458-1466. [PMID: 37758538 PMCID: PMC10843496 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of suicide is higher among individuals following bariatric surgery compared with the general population; however, it is not clear whether risk is associated with bariatric surgery beyond having severe obesity. OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of a suicide attempt among those who had bariatric surgery versus a nonsurgical cohort with severe obesity. SETTING Aggregate count data were collected from 5 healthcare systems. METHODS Individuals were identified in the surgical cohort if they underwent bariatric surgery between 2009 and 2017 (n = 35,522) and then were compared with a cohort of individuals with severe obesity who never had bariatric surgery (n = 691,752). Suicide attempts were identified after study enrollment date using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Editions (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnosis codes from 2009 to 2021. RESULTS The relative risk of a suicide attempt was 64% higher in the cohort with bariatric surgery than that of the nonsurgical cohort (2.2% versus 1.3%; relative risk = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.53-1.76). Within the cohort with bariatric surgery, suicide attempts were more common among the 18- to 39-year age group (P < .001), women (P = .002), Hawaiian-Pacific Islanders (P < .001), those with Medicaid insurance (P < .001), and those with a documented mental health condition at baseline (in the previous 2 years; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The relative risk of suicide attempts was higher among those who underwent bariatric surgery compared with a nonsurgical cohort, though absolute risk remained low. Providers should be aware of this increased risk. Screening for suicide risk after bariatric surgery may be useful to identify high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Miller-Matero
- Behavioral Health, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan; Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Hsueh-Han Yeh
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brian K Ahmedani
- Behavioral Health, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan; Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Karen J Coleman
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Irvine, California; Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
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Carretta RF, McKee SA, Rhee TG. Gender Differences in Risks of Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors in the USA: A Narrative Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:809-824. [PMID: 37930559 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review recent research (2018-2023) on gender differences in suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicidal ideations and attempts, death by suicide). We examine research studies in the following areas: developmental period, substance use, and special populations (Veterans, sexual and gender minorities). RECENT FINDINGS Novel results were found in these different areas. For example, suicide rates for female youth are increasing at a faster rate relative to male youth. Further, some evidence suggests that heavy alcohol use/binge drinking is a significant and growing risk factor for suicidal behaviors in women. Military service may be a more significant risk factor for suicidal behaviors among male Veterans compared to female Veterans. Additionally, suicide rates are rising for gender minority youth/young adults. Recent research on gender differences in suicide outcomes demonstrates findings that align with previous research, as well as new insights on this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Carretta
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Kaggwa MM, Akatussasira R, Al-Mamun F, Prat S, Mamun MA, Combey I, Bongomin F, Harms S, Chaimowitz G, Griffiths MD, Olagunju AT. The global burden of suicidal behavior among people experiencing food insecurity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 342:91-120. [PMID: 37704054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity has become a growing burden within a global context where climate change, catastrophes, wars, and insurgencies are increasingly prevalent. Several studies have reported an association between suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicide ideation, plans, and attempts) and food insecurity. This meta-analytic review synthesized the available literature to determine the pooled prevalence of suicidal behaviors among individuals experiencing food insecurity, and examined the strength of their association. METHODS Databases (Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL) were searched from inception to July 2022 using appropriate search terms. Eligible studies reporting the number/prevalence of suicidal behaviors among individuals experiencing food insecurity or the association between food insecurity and suicidal behaviors were included. The pooled prevalence of suicidal behaviors was determined using the random-effects model. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022352858). RESULTS A total of 47 studies comprising 75,346 individuals having experienced food insecurity were included. The pooled prevalence was 22.3 % for suicide ideation (95 % CI: 14.7-29.9; I2 = 99.6 %, p < 0.001, k = 18), 18.1 % for suicide plans (95 % CI: 7.0-29.1; I2 = 99.6 %, p < 0.001, k = 4), 17.2 % for suicide attempts (95 % CI: 9.6-24.8; I2 = 99.9 %, p < 0.001, k = 12), and 4.6 % for unspecified suicidal behavior (95 % CI: 2.8-6.4; I2 = 85.5 %, p < 0.001, k = 5). There was a positive relationship between experiencing food insecurity and (i) suicide ideation (aOR = 1.049 [95 % CI: 1.046-1.052; I2 = 99.6 %, p < 0.001, k = 31]), (ii) suicide plans (aOR = 1.480 [95 % CI: 1.465-1.496; I2 = 99.1 %, p < 0.001, k = 5]), and (iii) unspecified suicide behaviors (aOR = 1.133 [95 % CI: 1.052-1.219; I2 = 53.0 %, p = 0.047, k = 6]). However, a negative relationship was observed between experiencing food insecurity and suicide attempts (aOR = 0.622 [95 % CI: 0.617-0.627; I2 = 98.8 %, p < 0.001, k = 15]). The continent and the countries income status where the study was conducted were the common causes of heterogeneity of the differences in the odds of the relationships between experiencing food insecurity and suicidal behaviors - with North America and high-income countries (HICs) having higher odds. For suicide attempts, all non HICs had a negative relationship with food insecurity. LIMITATIONS There was significant heterogeneity among the included studies. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of suicidal behaviors among individuals experiencing food insecurity. Initiatives to reduce food insecurity would likely be beneficial for mental wellbeing and to mitigate the risk of suicidal behaviors among population experiencing food insecurity. The paradoxical finding of suicide attempts having a negative relationship with food insecurity warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Forensic Psychiatry Program, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rita Akatussasira
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Firoj Al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sébastien Prat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Forensic Psychiatry Program, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Isabelle Combey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Forensic Psychiatry Program, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu 166, Uganda
| | - Sheila Harms
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Chaimowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Forensic Psychiatry Program, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Forensic Psychiatry Program, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, SA, Australia
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Havlik JL, Rhee TG, Rosenheck RA. Characterization of quality of life among individuals with current treated, untreated, and past alcohol use disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:787-798. [PMID: 37788415 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2245125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Understanding health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among those who seek treatment for their alcohol use disorder (AUD) and those not seeking AUD treatment is critical to decreasing morbidity and mortality, yet HRQOL in these groups has been little characterized.Objectives: Characterize HRQOL among those who meet diagnostic criteria for AUD, both receiving and not receiving treatment.Methods: This analysis used the NESARC-III database (n = 36,309; female = 56.3%), a nationally representative survey of US adults, to compare four groups: those treated for current AUD; those untreated for current AUD; those with past AUD only; and those who never met criteria for AUD. Multiple regression analysis was used to account for differences in sociodemographic and other behavioral factors across these groups. HRQOL was operationalized using annual quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).Results: Patients treated for past-year AUD had a deficit of 0.07 QALYs/year compared to those who never met criteria for AUD (P < .001). They retained a still clinically meaningful 0.03 QALYs/year deficit after controlling for concomitant psychiatric disorders and other behavioral health factors (P < .001). Those with past-year untreated AUD or past AUD had a near-zero difference in QALYs compared with those who never met criteria for AUD.Conclusion: These findings suggest that previously-reported differences in HRQOL associated with AUD may be due to the problems of the relatively small sub-group who seek treatment. Clinicians seeking to treat those with currently untreated AUD may do better to focus on the latent potential health effects of AUD instead of current HRQOL concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Havlik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert A Rosenheck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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González-Ortega I, Diaz-Marsa M, López-Peña P, Fernández-Sevillano J, Andreo-Jover J, Bobes J, Bravo-Ortiz MF, Cebria AI, Crespo-Facorro B, de la Torre-Luque A, Elices M, Fernández-Rodrigues V, Garrido-Torres N, Grande I, Palao-Tarrero Á, Pemau A, Roberto N, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Seijo-Zazo E, Alberich S, González-Pinto A, Pérez V. Clinical predictors and psychosocial risk factors of suicide attempt severity. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023:S2950-2853(23)00034-0. [PMID: 38591830 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide attempts are an important predictor of completed suicide and may differ in terms of severity of medical consequences or medical lethality. There is little evidence on serious suicide attempt (SSA) and very few studies have compared SSA with non-SSA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this multisite, coordinated, cohort study was to analyze the role of clinical variables and the sociodemographic and psychological risk factors of SSA. METHOD In this multisite, coordinated, cohort study, 684 participants (222 for the mild suicide attempt group, 371 for the moderate suicide attempt group and 91 for the SSA group) were included in the study. Ordinal regression models were performed to analyze the predictor variables of SSA. RESULTS Early physical abuse (OR=1.231) and impulsivity (OR=1.036) were predictors of SSA, while depressive symptoms were associated with a lower risk of SSA. CONCLUSION Environmental and psychological factors as physical abuse and impulsivity are related with severe suicide severity. These findings will help to develop strategies to prevent suicide and may be considered for the treatment and management of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itxaso González-Ortega
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain; Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Marina Diaz-Marsa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Peña
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jessica Fernández-Sevillano
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jorge Andreo-Jover
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Fe Bravo-Ortiz
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Cebria
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc-UAB, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Elices
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nathalia Garrido-Torres
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iria Grande
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro) P. de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Department de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela Palao-Tarrero
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Roberto
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro) P. de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elisa Seijo-Zazo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Alberich
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain; Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, UPF, Barcelona, Spain
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Vorstenbosch E, Rodríguez-Liron A, Vicens-Pons E, Félez-Nóbrega M, Escuder-Romeva G. Suicide risk in male incarcerated individuals in Spain: clinical, criminological and prison-related correlates. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:282. [PMID: 37735464 PMCID: PMC10514969 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prison suicide is a complex phenomenon that may be influenced by individual, clinical, social and environmental factors. In Spain, few studies have explored the relationship with institutional, prison-related variables. The aim of this study is to examine correlates of suicide in a sample of male incarcerated individuals from 5 Spanish penitentiary centers. METHODS This present study entails a secondary data analysis, using data from the Prevalence of mental disorders in prisons study. This is a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2007-2008 across 5 penitentiary centers in Spain. The Spanish version of the Plutchik suicide risk scale was used to assess the risk of suicide (those scoring ≥ 6 were considered to be at risk of suicide). Sociodemographic, clinical, criminological and prison-related data were collected via face-to face interviews and criminological data were confirmed using penitentiary records. RESULTS The final sample included 707 male incarcerated individuals (mean age 36.79 years ± 9.90 years). Several significant correlates associated with higher risk of suicide were identified including criminological factors (having committed a violent offense, being a recidivist), clinical factors (family history of mental disorders, the presence of mental disorders, having physical conditions, contact with a mental health specialist, medication treatment in the last 12 months), and prison-related determinants (workshop/training course participation) was significantly associated with lower suicide risk. CONCLUSIONS Several correlates within a comprehensive range of sociodemographic, criminological, clinical and prison-related variables were identified. This information is primordial for preventing suicide and reducing the existing risk. The findings may contribute to developing effective suicide prevention programs within Spanish prison services. Importantly, future research must continue to investigate the nature of suicidal outcomes among incarcerated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Vorstenbosch
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Research, Teaching and Innovation Unit, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centre for Biomedical Research On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ariadna Rodríguez-Liron
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Research, Teaching and Innovation Unit, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Enric Vicens-Pons
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Research, Teaching and Innovation Unit, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mireia Félez-Nóbrega
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Research, Teaching and Innovation Unit, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centre for Biomedical Research On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Escuder-Romeva
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Research, Teaching and Innovation Unit, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Penitentiary Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit of Catalonia, Carretera de Martorell a Capellades, Km 23, 08635, Sant Esteve Sesrovires, Spain
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Rens E, Portzky G, Morrens M, Dom G, Van den Broeck K, Gijzen M. An exploration of suicidal ideation and attempts, and care use and unmet need among suicide-ideators in a Belgian population study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1741. [PMID: 37679752 PMCID: PMC10483782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation, or thinking about death and suicide, is common across all layers of society. The aim of this paper is to add to the understanding of suicidal ideation in the general population, as well as help-seeking behaviors and perceived unmet mental health needs among those who report suicidal thoughts. METHODS The research is part of a representative population-based survey study of mental wellbeing in Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium) carried out in 2021. A total of 1202 participants between 15 and 80 years old answered the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ), and an additional question about suicide plans. Participation was by invitation only and possible online or via a postal paper questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between both current suicidal ideation and self-reported lifetime suicide attempt with the sociodemographic factors age, gender, educational level, origin and financial distress. Moreover, formal care use for mental health was examined among those experiencing suicidal ideation, and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associated sociodemographic factors. Finally, perceived unmet mental health needs were assessed among suicide ideators. RESULTS The point-prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.6% and was higher among younger age groups and individuals reporting financial distress. The lifetime-prevalence of suicide attempts is 6.5% and was higher in younger people and individuals with a primary educational level and with financial distress. About half (45.6%) of those with suicidal ideation consulted a professional for mental health problems in the past twelve months. Men and those with a primary educational level were less likely to seek help. Half of suicide ideators without care use perceived some need for mental health care, and a third of suicide ideators who used care perceived the obtained help as insufficient, resulting in a population prevalence of 3.6% suicide ideators with a fully or partially perceived unmet need. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of suicide attempts, suicidal ideation and unmet needs among suicide-ideators is high in this Belgian sample. Mental health care need perception in suicide ideators needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rens
- Department of Family and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, 2570, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Multiversum Psychiatric Hospital, 2530, Boechout, Belgium
| | - Kris Van den Broeck
- Department of Family and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mandy Gijzen
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Roca-Barceló A, Crabbe H, Close R, Fahie H, Leonardi GS, Piel FB. Spatial and temporal trends and risk factors for intentional carbon monoxide poisoning hospitalizations in England between 2002 and 2016. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:168-175. [PMID: 36841308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide and mental health disorders are a recognized increasing public concern. Most suicide prevention rely on evidence from mortality data, although suicide attempts are a better predictor for completed suicides. Understanding spatio-temporal patterns and demographic profiles of people at risk can improve suicide prevention schemes, including for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, a common method for gas-related suicides. OBJECTIVE Describe spatio-temporal patterns of intentional CO poisoning hospitalization rates in England between 2002 and 2016, and identify population sub-groups at risk. METHODS We used NHS Digital's Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) routinely collected data on hospital admissions for intentional CO poisoning. We estimated age-standardised rates (ASR) by year, gender and residential small-area characteristics, including rural/urban, deprivation and ethnic composition. Temporal trends were assessed through linear regression and joinpoint regression analysis. Regional differences were explored. RESULTS On average, we identified 178 hospital admissions for intentional CO poisoning per year. The ASR decreased substantially over the study period, particularly among males (average annual percent change of -7.8 % (95 % CI: -11.0; -4.6)), in comparison to 3.9 % (95%CI, -6.4; -1.4) among females. Most admissions (81 %) occurred in males. White men aged 35-44 years were particularly at risk. The ASR in London (0.08/100,000) was almost six times lower than in the South-West (0.47/100,000). CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into attempted suicides by intentional CO poisoning. Further prevention interventions, targeting sub-groups at risk (i.e. white men in their 30s/40s), need to be developed and implemented to reduce the burden of suicides and of CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Roca-Barceló
- Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Crabbe
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxon, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures & Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Close
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxon, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures & Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Fahie
- Specialty Registrar in Public Health, Oxford School of Public Health, Health Education England, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni S Leonardi
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxon, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures & Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric B Piel
- Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures & Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Chemical & Radiation Threats & Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Yoshida K, Hata Y, Ichimata S, Okada K, Nishida N. Argyrophilic grain disease is common in older adults and may be a risk factor for suicide: a study of Japanese forensic autopsy cases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 37004112 PMCID: PMC10067165 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathological diagnosis of argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is currently based primarily on the combination of argyrophilic grain (AG) visualized using Gallyas-Braak silver staining, phosphorylated tau-positive pretangles, coiled bodies, and ballooned neuron detection. Although AGD is common in patients with dementia and/or prominent psychiatric symptoms, whether it is a distinct neurological disease entity or a by-product of the aging process remains unclear. METHODS In 1449 serial forensic autopsy cases > 40 years old (823 males and 525 females, aged 40-101 years, mean age 70.0 ± 14.1 years), we examined the frequency and comorbid pathology of AGD cases and investigated the clinical appearance by comparing those with non-AGD cases using the propensity score. RESULTS Of the 1449 cases, we detected 342 AGD cases (23.6%; mean age 79.7 years; 177 males and 165 females). The AGD frequency and stage increased with age (P < 0.001). Among AGD cases, 80 (23.4%) patients had dementia, and 51 (15.2%) had a history of psychiatric hospital visits. The frequency of suicide and history of psychiatric disorders were significantly higher in AGD cases than in AGD-negative cases, matched for age, sex, and comorbidity pathology, with a relative risk of suicide of 1.72 (1.30-2.26). The frequency of suicide was significantly higher in AGD cases than in non-AGD cases in female but not male cases. The relative risk of suicide increased to 2.27 (1.20-4.30) and 6.50 (1.58-26.76) in AGD patients with Lewy and progressive supranuclear palsy pathology, respectively, and decreased to 0.88 (0.38-2.10) in those with advanced AD pathology. In AGD cases, 23.4% had dementia; however, the difference was not significant after controlling for age, sex, and comorbid pathology. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that AGD is a significant and isolated risk factor for psychiatric hospital visits and suicide completion. In older adults, AGs may contribute to the progression of functional impairment of the limbic system, which leads to psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave Toronto On, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shojiro Ichimata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave Toronto On, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keitaro Okada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Denche-Zamorano Á, Pereira-Payo D, Franco-García JM, Pastor-Cisneros R, Salazar-Sepúlveda G, Castillo D, Marín-Gil M, Barrios-Fernandez S. Mapping the Scientific Research on Suicide and Physical Activity: A Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16413. [PMID: 36554291 PMCID: PMC9778543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research provides an overview of the current state of scientific literature related to suicide and physical activity (PA). A bibliometric analysis of studies published between 1996 and 2022 in The Web of Science (WoS) was carried out, applying the traditional bibliometric laws, using Microsoft Excel and the VOSviewer software for data and metadata processing. A total of 368 documents (349 primary research and 19 reviews) were extracted from 70 WoS categories. The results revealed an exponential increase in scientific production from 2017 to 2022 (R2 = 88%), revealing the United States hegemony being the most productive country, with 156 of the publications (42.4%), the most cited (4181 citations) being the centre of a collaborative network with links to 35 countries and having April Smith, from the Miami University, as the most prolific author (eight publications) and Thomas Joiner, from the Florida State University, as the most cited author (513 citations). The Psychiatry WoS category, with 155 papers, had the highest number of publications, and The Journal of Affective Disorders, from Elsevier, had the highest number of published papers within this category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Damián Pereira-Payo
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Franco-García
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education Research Group (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción 4090940, Chile
| | - Dante Castillo
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación Enzo Faletto, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Miseldra Marín-Gil
- Public Policy Observatory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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25
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Castillo-Avila RG, Genis-Mendoza AD, Juárez-Rojop IE, López-Narváez ML, Dionisio-García DM, Nolasco-Rosales GA, Ramos-Méndez MÁ, Hernández-Díaz Y, Tovilla-Zárate CA, González-Castro TB, Nicolini H. High Serum Levels of IL-6 Are Associated with Suicide Attempt but Not with High Lethality Suicide Attempts: A Preliminary Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14735. [PMID: 36429454 PMCID: PMC9690459 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Suicide attempts are an emerging health problem around the world. Increased levels of IL-6 have been associated with suicidal behavior. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the serum levels of IL-6 in individuals with suicide attempts and a comparison group and to associate the IL-6 levels with the lethality of the suicide attempt. Additionally, we associated the rs2228145 polymorphism of the IL6R gene with suicide attempts or with the IL-6 serum levels. Suicide attempts and their lethality were evaluated using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. The serum concentrations of IL-6 were measured by the ELISA technique in individuals with suicide attempts and then compared to a control group. The rs2228145 polymorphism of the IL6R gene was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found elevated serum levels of IL-6 in the suicide attempt group when compared to the control group (F = 10.37, p = 0.002). However, we found no differences of the IL-6 levels between high and low lethality. The IL6R gene polymorphism rs2479409 was not associated with suicide attempts. Our data suggest that IL-6 serum is increased in individuals with suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico 14610, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico
| | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- Hospital Chiapas Nos Une “Dr. Gilberto Gómez Maza”, Secretaría de Salud, Tuxtla Gutierrez 29045, Mexico
| | - Diana María Dionisio-García
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Ramos-Méndez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Mendez 86040, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86040, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Mendez 86040, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico 14610, Mexico
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