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Kowal-Wisniewska E, Jaskiewicz K, Bartochowska A, Kiwerska K, Ustaszewski A, Gorecki T, Giefing M, Paluszczak J, Wierzbicka M, Jarmuz-Szymczak M. Towards effectiveness of cell free DNA based liquid biopsy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2251. [PMID: 38278927 PMCID: PMC10817923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure, that uses body fluids sampling to detect and characterize cancer fingerprints. It is of great potential in oncology, however there are challenges associated with the proper handling of liquid biopsy samples that need to be addressed to implement such analysis in patients' care. Therefore, in this study we performed optimization of pre-analytical conditions and detailed characterization of cfDNA fraction (concentration, length, integrity score) in surgically treated HNSCC patients (n = 152) and healthy volunteers (n = 56). We observed significantly higher cfDNA concentration in patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001) and a time dependent decrease of cfDNA concentration after tumor resection. Our results also revealed a significant increase of cfDNA concentration with age in both, healthy volunteers (p = 0.04) and HNSCC patients (p = 0.000002). Moreover, considering the multitude of HNSCC locations, we showed the lack of difference in cfDNA concentration depending on the anatomical location. Furthermore, we demonstrated a trend toward higher cfDNA length (range 35-10380 and 500-10380 bp) in the group of patients with recurrence during follow-up. In conclusion, our study provide a broad characterization of cfDNA fractions in HNSCC patients and healthy controls. These findings point to several aspects necessary to consider when implementing liquid biopsy in clinical practice including: (I) time required for epithelial regeneration to avoid falsely elevated levels of cfDNA not resulting from active cancer, (II) age-related accumulation of nucleic acids accompanied by less efficient elimination of cfDNA and (III) higher cfDNA length in patients with recurrence during follow-up, reflecting predominance of tumor necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kowal-Wisniewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jaskiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bartochowska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngeal Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kiwerska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Ustaszewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gorecki
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Paluszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wierzbicka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngeal Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine Wroclaw, University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Jarmuz-Szymczak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Amber A, Nawaz H, Bhatti HN, Mushtaq Z. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of different anatomical subtypes of oral cavity cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023:103607. [PMID: 37220841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for oral cancer patients is still very poor worldwide. Early detection and treatment therapy remain the key issue to be addressed for improved patient survival. The characteristic Raman spectral features associated with the biochemical changes in the blood serum samples can be used for the diagnosis of diseases, particularly for oral cancer. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising technique for non-invasive and early detection of oral cancer by analyzing molecular changes in body fluids. OBJECTIVES To detect oral cavity anatomical subsites (buccal mucosa, cheek, hard palate, lips, mandible, maxilla, tongue and tonsillar region) cancers by using blood serum samples, SERS with principal component analysis is used. MATERIAL AND METHOD SERS is employed with silver nanoparticles for the analysis and detection of oral cancer serum samples by comparing with healthy serum samples. SERS spectra are recorded by Raman instrument and preprocessed using the statistical tool. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) are used to discriminate between oral cancer serum samples and control serum samples. RESULTS Some major SERS peaks are observed at 1136 cm-1 (Phospholipids) and 1006 cm-1 (Phenylalanine) remain higher in intensities for oral cancer spectra as compared to healthy spectra. The peak at 1241 cm-1 (amide III) is observed only in oral cancer serum samples while absent in healthy serum samples. Higher protein and DNA contents were detected in SERS mean spectra of oral cancer. Moreover, PCA is used to identify the biochemical differences in the form of SERS features which is used to differentiate between oral cancer and healthy blood serum samples, while PLS-DA is used to build differentiation model of oral cancer serum samples and healthy control serum samples. PLS-DA provides successful differentiation with 94% specificity and 95.5% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS SERS can be used for the diagnosis of oral cancer and to identify metabolic changes that occur during disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Amber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, (38000), Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, (38000), Pakistan.
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, (38000), Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, (38000), Pakistan
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Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in the Screening of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Nodules. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4368928. [PMID: 35782079 PMCID: PMC9246604 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4368928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the feasibility of a screening method for the pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Objective. Using SERS to measure serum from pulmonary nodules and healthy subjects, intraoperative biopsy pathological diagnosis was regarded as the gold standard for labeling serum samples. To explore the application value of SERS in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules, benign nodules, and healthy, we build a machine learning model. Method. We collected 116 serum samples from patients. Radiographically confirmed nodules less than 3 cm in maximum diameter in all patients, including 58 cancer (pathologic diagnosis: adenocarcinoma nodules, labeled as cancer) patients, 58 pathologic diagnoses as benign nodule (labeled as benign) patients, and 63 healthy (labeled as normal) people from the clinical laboratory of Sichuan Cancer Hospital. Gold nanorods were employed as SERS substrates. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the normal, benign, and cancer sample groups, and SVM model evaluated using cross-validation. Results. The average SERS spectra of serum were significantly different between the normal group and the cancer/benign group. While the average SERS spectra of the cancer group and the benign group differed slightly, for the cancer, benign, and normal groups, SVM models can predict with 93.33% accuracy. Conclusion. This exploratory study demonstrates that the SERS technique based on nanoparticles in conjunction with SVM has great potential as a clinical auxiliary diagnosis and screening for pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules.
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Ma K, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Wu Z, Fan R, Guo S. Relationship between plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and prognosis of TACE for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:1350-1363. [PMID: 33457006 PMCID: PMC7807265 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aims to investigate changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration and integrity in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) patients before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment and their influence on the evaluation of prognosis of the disease. METHODS A total of 84 PHC patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from December 2016 to December 2017 were included as the study group, while 55 healthy people served as the control group. Plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity were determined using qRT-PCR. The correlation between cfDNA concentration/integrity and clinical characteristics of PHC patients were analyzed. A ROC curve was used to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA as detection indices. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze factors affecting recurrence in PHC patients and compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) of PHC patients with high cfDNA expression and low cfDNA expression. RESULTS Plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity were significantly higher in PHC patients before TACE treatment than in healthy people and significantly lower after treatment than before (P<0.05). The cfDNA concentration was significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and BCLC stage, while cfDNA integrity was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, and BCLC stage (P<0.05). ROC results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) value of cfDNA concentration was the largest, with an optimal cut-off of 10.51 ng/mL. Multivariate regression analysis for COX showed that the TNM stage, cfDNA concentration, and AFP were independent risk factors that affected PHC patients' survival. CONCLUSIONS Plasma cfDNA concentration in PHC patients is more sensitive and specific than any other tumor marker. It is an independent risk factor for PHC patients treated with TACE. Therefore, it is hypothesized cfDNA is a potential biomarker for prognostic evaluation of PHC patients treated with TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayun Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjin Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiying Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanfeng Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Label-free diagnosis of lung cancer with tissue-slice surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and statistical analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1849-1855. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Moorcraft SY, Fontana E, Cunningham D, Peckitt C, Waddell T, Smyth EC, Allum W, Thompson J, Rao S, Watkins D, Starling N, Chau I. Characterising timing and pattern of relapse following surgery for localised oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:112. [PMID: 26883815 PMCID: PMC4756463 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (OGA) has a poor prognosis, even for patients with operable disease. However, the optimal surveillance strategy following surgery is unknown. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients with OGA who had undergone surgery with radical intent at the Royal Marsden between January 2001 and December 2010. Results Of the 360 patients with OGA who underwent potentially curative surgery, 100/214 patients (47 %) with oesophageal/gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) adenocarcinoma and 47/146 patients (32 %) with gastric adenocarcinoma developed recurrent disease. 51, 79 and 92 % of relapses occurred within 1, 2 and 3 years respectively and the majority of patients relapsed at distant sites. Of the patients who relapsed, 67 % (67/100) with oesophageal/GOJ adenocarcinoma and 72 % of patients with gastric cancer (34/47) were symptomatic at the time of relapse. The majority of asymptomatic relapses were first detected by a rise in tumour markers. There was no difference in disease-free survival between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, but asymptomatic patients were more likely to receive further treatment and had a longer survival beyond relapse. Conclusion The majority of relapses occur within the first 3 years and at distant sites. Monitoring of tumour markers should be considered as part of a surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Yu Moorcraft
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisa Fontana
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - David Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Clare Peckitt
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom Waddell
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Elizabeth C Smyth
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - William Allum
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Sheela Rao
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - David Watkins
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Naureen Starling
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian Chau
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Feng S, Wang W, Tai IT, Chen G, Chen R, Zeng H. Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detection of colorectal cancer and precursor lesions using blood plasma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3494-502. [PMID: 26417518 PMCID: PMC4574674 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fecal based tests have limited diagnostic values in detecting adenomatous polyps, the precursor lesions to colorectal cancer (CRC). Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using silver nanoparticles as substrate is a multiplexed analytical technique capable of detecting biomolecules with high sensitivity. This study utilizes SERS to analyze blood plasma for detecting both CRC and adenomatous polyps for the first time. Blood plasma samples are collected from healthy control subjects and patients diagnosed with adenomas and CRC. Using a real-time Raman system, SERS spectra for blood plasma samples are measured in 1 s. The collected SERS spectra are analyzed with partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Classification of normal versus CRC plus adenomatous polyps achieved diagnostic sensitivity of 86.4% and specificity of 80%. The results suggest that blood plasma SERS analysis could be a potential screening test to detect both CRC and adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyuan Feng
- Imaging Unit – Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Imaging Unit – Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Equal contribution
| | - Isabella T. Tai
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Guannan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit – Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute – Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
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Wan QL, Hou XS, Zhao G. Utility of serum peptidome patterns of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients for comprehensive treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:2919-23. [PMID: 23803054 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highest in China. Early diagnosis and effective monitoring are keys to comprehensive treatment and discovering tumor metastases and recurrence in time. The aim of this study was to confirm serum peptidome pattern utility for diagnosis of ESCC, and assessment of operation success, postoperative chemotherapy results, tumor metastasis and recurrence. Serum samples were collected from 61 patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy and 20 healthy individuals. Spectral data generated with weak cationic-exchanger magnetic beads (WCX-MB) and MALDI-TOF MS by a support vector machine (SVM), were used to construct diagnostic models and system training as potential biomarkers. A pattern consisting of 11 protein peaks, separated ESCC (m/z 650.75), operated (m/z 676.61, 786.1, 786.58), postoperative chemotherapy (m/z 622.77, 650.66, 676.46) and tumor metastasis and recurrence (m/z 622.63, 650.56, 690.77, 676.12) from the healthy individuals with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 100.0%. These results suggested that MALDI- TOF MS combined with MB separation yields significantly higher sensitivity and specificity for the detection of serum protein in patients with EC patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lian Wan
- Institute of Esophageal Cancer of Zhengzhou City, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
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Lin D, Pan J, Huang H, Chen G, Qiu S, Shi H, Chen W, Yu Y, Feng S, Chen R. Label-free blood plasma test based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering for tumor stages detection in nasopharyngeal cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4751. [PMID: 24756153 PMCID: PMC3996462 DOI: 10.1038/srep04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a label-free nanobiosensor based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for exploring variability of different tumor (T) stages in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Au nanoparticles as the SERS-active nanostructures were directly mixed with human blood plasma to enhance the Raman scattering signals. High quality SERS spectra can be acquired from blood plasma samples belong to 60 healthy volunteers, 25 NPC patients with T1 stage and 75 NPC patients with T2-T4 stage. A diagnostic accuracy of 83.5% and 93.3%, respectively, can be achieved for classification between early T (T1) stage cancer and normal; and advanced T (T2-T4) stage cancer and normal blood groups. This exploratory study demonstrates that the nanobiosensor based on SERS technique in conjunction with PCA-LDA has great potential as a clinical complement for different T stages detection in nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianji Pan
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Guannan Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hong Shi
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yun Yu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Shangyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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De Mattos-Arruda L, Olmos D, Tabernero J. Prognostic and predictive roles for circulating biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancer. Future Oncol 2012; 7:1385-97. [PMID: 22112315 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating free DNA (cfDNA) have been studied as promising prognostic and predictive tumor-derived biomarkers in the bloodstream of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies because they may be an alternative noninvasive tool to tumor tissue biopsies. Quantification and molecular characterization of CTCs and cfDNA may provide additional insights into cancer biology, potentially revealing novel targets to individualize cancer care. The present article aims to review the biology and current methods to assess CTCs and cfDNA, and the efforts to establish both tumor-derived biomarkers as prognostic and predictive factors in esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia De Mattos-Arruda
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Feng S, Pan J, Wu Y, Lin D, Chen Y, Xi G, Lin J, Chen R. Study on gastric cancer blood plasma based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:828-34. [PMID: 21809036 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method combined with multivariate analysis was developed for non-invasive gastric cancer detection. SERS measurements were performed on two groups of blood plasma samples: one group from 32 gastric patients and the other group from 33 healthy volunteers. Tentative assignments of the Raman bands in the measured SERS spectra suggest interesting cancer-specific biomolecular changes, including an increase in the relative amounts of nucleic acid, collagen, phospholipids and phenylalanine and a decrease in the percentage of amino acids and saccharide in the blood plasma of gastric cancer patients as compared with those of healthy subjects. Principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were employed to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for classification of SERS spectra between normal and cancer plasma with high sensitivity (79.5%) and specificity (91%). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the accuracy of diagnostic algorithms based on PCA-LDA. The results from this exploratory study demonstrate that SERS plasma analysis combined with PCA-LDA has tremendous potential for the non-invasive detection of gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Andolfo I, Petrosino G, Vecchione L, De Antonellis P, Capasso M, Montanaro D, Gemei M, Troncone G, Iolascon A, Orditura M, Ciardiello F, De Vita F, Zollo M. Detection of erbB2 copy number variations in plasma of patients with esophageal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:126. [PMID: 21481261 PMCID: PMC3094322 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality is high in patients with esophageal carcinoma as tumors are rarely detected before the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. Here, we sought to isolate cell-free DNA released into the plasma of patients with esophageal carcinoma, to analyze copy number variations of marker genes in the search for early detection of tumor progression. METHODS Plasma of 41 patients with esophageal carcinoma was prospectively collected before tumor resection and chemotherapy. Our dataset resulted heterogeneous for clinical data, resembling the characteristics of the tumor. DNA from the plasma was extracted to analyze copy number variations of the erbB2 gene using real-time PCR assays. RESULTS The real-time PCR assays for erbB2 gene showed significant (P = 0.001) copy number variations in the plasma of patients with esophageal carcinoma, as compared to healthy controls with high sensitivity (80%) and specificity (95%). These variations in erbB2 were negatively correlated to the progression free survival of these patients (P = 0.03), and revealed a further risk category stratification of patients with low VEGF expression levels. CONCLUSION The copy number variation of erbB2 gene from plasma can be used as prognostic marker for early detection of patients at risk of worse clinical outcome in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Andolfo
- CEINGE, Centro di Ingegneria Genetica e Biotecnologia Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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Li B, Wang B, Niu LJ, Jiang L, Qiu CC. Hypermethylation of multiple tumor-related genes associated with DNMT3b up-regulation served as a biomarker for early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenetics 2011; 6:307-16. [PMID: 21150312 PMCID: PMC3092679 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.3.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the significance of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in DNA hypermethylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to identify DNA methylation markers in serum for the early diagnosis of ESCC. A promoter methylation profile of 12 tumor-related genes was assessed using methylation-specific PCR in ESCC and paired non-tumor tissue samples from 47 patients. Expression levels of DNMTs were examined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Using MethyLight, the methylation status of 5 genes was analyzed in serum samples from 45 patients and 15 healthy individuals. A total of 46 (97.9%) of 47 ESCC samples showed methylation in at least one of the examined genes, and methylation was most frequent for RAR-β (46.8%), DAPK (46.8%), p16 (44.7%), and CDH1 (42.6%). Methylation of RASSF1A was significantly correlated with the poorly differentiated tumors and the early pathologic tumor classification (P=0.035 and P=0.046, respectively). Tumoral DNMT3b mRNA up-regulation was significantly correlated with hypermethylation of multiple tumor-related genes (P=0.021). In addition, hypermethylation of cell-free serum DNA was common in ESCC patients, and diagnostic accuracy was increased when methylation of multiple genes (RAR-β, DAPK, CDH1, p16 and RASSF1A) were analyzed in combination (ROC AUC 0.911, 82.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The present study suggests that hypermethylation of multiple tumor-related genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC and mediated by the increase of DNMT3b expression. A cluster of multiple methylated genes in serum DNA has the potential as a novel biomarker for ESCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Niu
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Chun Qiu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing, China
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Feng S, Chen R, Lin J, Pan J, Wu Y, Li Y, Chen J, Zeng H. Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3167-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Moyes LH, Anderson JE, Forshaw MJ. Proposed follow up programme after curative resection for lower third oesophageal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2010; 8:75. [PMID: 20815912 PMCID: PMC2940774 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-8-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has risen throughout the Western world over the last three decades. The prognosis remains poor as many patients are elderly and present with advanced disease. Those patients who are suitable for resection remain at high risk of disease recurrence. It is important that cancer patients take part in a follow up protocol to detect disease recurrence, offer psychological support, manage nutritional disorders and facilitate audit of surgical outcomes. Despite the recognition that regular postoperative follow up plays a key role in ongoing care of cancer patients, there is little consensus on the nature of the process. This paper reviews the published literature to determine the optimal timing and type of patient follow up for those after curative oesophageal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Moyes
- Oesophagogastric Unit University Department of Surgery Glasgow Royal Infirmary 84 Castle Street Glasgow G4 0SF, UK.
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16
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Jung K, Fleischhacker M, Rabien A. Cell-free DNA in the blood as a solid tumor biomarker--a critical appraisal of the literature. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1611-24. [PMID: 20688053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been suggested as a cancer biomarker. Several studies assessed the usefulness of quantitative and qualitative tumor-specific alterations of cfDNA, such as DNA strand integrity, frequency of mutations, abnormalities of microsatellites, and methylation of genes, as diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring markers in cancer patients. Most of the papers that could be evaluated in this review resulted in a positive conclusion. However, methodical diversity without the traceability of data and differently designed and often underpowered studies resulted in divergent results between studies. In addition, the limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA alterations temper the effusive hope of novel tumor markers, raising similar issues as those for other tumor markers. To validate the actual clinical validity of various cfDNA alterations as potential cancer biomarkers in practice for individual tumor types, the main problems of the observed uncertainties must be considered in future studies. These include methodical harmonization concerning sample collection, processing, and analysis with the traceability of measurement results as well as the realization of well-designed prospective studies based on power analysis and sample size calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Research Division, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Kowalewska M, Nowak R, Chechlinska M. Implications of cancer-associated systemic inflammation for biomarker studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:163-71. [PMID: 20600631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive molecular technologies provide new capacities for cancer biomarker research, but with sensitivity improvements marker specificity is significantly decreased, and too many false-positive results should disqualify the measurement from clinical use. Hence, of the thousands of potential cancer biomarkers only a few have found their way to clinical application. Differentiating false-positive results from true-positive (cancer-specific) results can indeed be difficult, if validation of a marker is performed against inadequate controls. We present examples of accumulating evidence that not only local but also systemic inflammatory reactions are implicated in cancer development and progression and interfere with the molecular image of cancer disease. We analyze several modern strategies of tumor marker discovery, namely, proteomics, metabonomics, studies on circulating tumor cells and circulating free nucleic acids, or their methylation degree, and provide examples of scarce, methodologically correct biomarker studies as opposed to numerous methodologically flawed biomarker studies, that examine cancer patients' samples against those of healthy, inflammation-free persons and present many inflammation-related biomarker alterations in cancer patients as cancer-specific. Inflammation as a cancer-associated condition should always be considered in cancer biomarker studies, and biomarkers should be validated against their expression in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Sakaeda T, Yamamori M, Kuwahara A, Nishiguchi K. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics in esophageal cancer chemoradiotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:388-401. [PMID: 19135108 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Surgical resection of the tumor from the primary site has been the standard treatment, especially for localized squamous cell carcinoma, but considerable clinical efforts during the last decade have resulted in novel courses of treatment. These options include chemoradiotherapy, consisting of a continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CDDP), and concurrent radiation. Given the substantial inter- and/or intra-individual variation in clinical outcome, future improvements will likely require the incorporation of a novel anticancer drug, pharmacokinetically guided administration of CDDP or 5-FU, and identification of potential responders by patient genetic profiling prior to treatment. In this review, the latest information on incidence, risk factors, biomarkers, therapeutic strategies, and the pharmacokinetically guided or genotype-guided administration of CDDP and 5-FU is summarized for future individualization of esophageal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Center for Integrative Education of Pharmacy Frontier, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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