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Sanchez-Garcia J, Lopez-Verdugo F, Shorti R, Krong J, Zendejas I, Contreras AG, Botha J, Rodriguez-Davalos MI. Training the Next Generation of Transplant Surgeons With a 3-Dimensional Trainer: A Pilot Study. Transplant Direct 2024; 10:e1691. [PMID: 39131239 PMCID: PMC11315563 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the United States, no published guidelines promote exposure to technical variants (ie, living donor or split liver) during transplant fellowship. Simulation with hands-on liver models may improve training in transplantation. This pilot study addressed 3 overall goals (material and model creation tools, recruitment rates and assessment of workload, and protocol adherence). Methods A patient-specific hands-on liver model was constructed from clinical imaging, and it needed to be resilient and realistic. Multiple types of materials were tested between January 2020 and August 2022. Participants were recruited stepwise. A left lateral segmentectomy simulation was conducted between August 2022 and December 2022 to assess protocol adherence. Results Digital anatomy 3-dimensional printing was considered the best option for the hands-on liver model. The recruitment rate was 100% and 47% for junior attendings and surgical residents, respectively. Ten participants were included and completed all the required surveys. Seven (70%) and 6 (60%) participants "agreed" that the overall quality of the model and the material were acceptable for surgical simulation. Five participants (50%) "agreed" that the training improved their surgical skills. Nine participants (90%) "strongly agreed" that similar sessions should be included in surgical training programs. Conclusions Three-dimensional hands-on liver models have the advantage of tactile feedback and were rated favorably as a potential training tool. Study enrollment for further studies is possible with the support of leadership. Rigorous multicenter designs should be developed to measure the actual impact of 3-dimensional hands-on liver models on surgical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sanchez-Garcia
- Liver Transplant Service, Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Fidel Lopez-Verdugo
- Liver Transplant Service, Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rami Shorti
- Advanced Visualization Engineering, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jake Krong
- Transplant Research Department, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ivan Zendejas
- Liver Transplant Service, Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alan G. Contreras
- Liver Transplant Service, Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jean Botha
- Liver Transplant Service, Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Manuel I. Rodriguez-Davalos
- Liver Transplant Service, Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Transplantation and Advanced Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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2
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Yilma M, Brown AE, Harvey J, Stahl CC, Quillin RC, Syed SM, Cortez AR. Examining the Influence of a General Surgery Resident's Transplant Experience on Their Pursuit of Transplant Surgery Fellowship. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15398. [PMID: 39023094 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant surgery has historically been a less desirable fellowship among general surgery graduates. Limited work has been done to understand factors associated with residents' interest in transplantation. Using a multi-institutional cohort, we examined how the resident experience on transplant surgery may influence their decision to pursue transplant fellowship. METHODS Individual demographics, program characteristics, and transplant-specific case logs were collected for graduates from 2010 to 2020 at 20 general surgery residency programs within the US Resident OPerative Experience (ROPE) Consortium. Residents who pursued transplant surgery fellowship were compared to those who went directly into practice or pursued a non-transplant fellowship. RESULTS Among 1342 general surgery graduates, 52 (3.9%) pursued abdominal transplant fellowship. These residents completed more transplant (22 vs. 9), liver (14 vs. 9), pancreas (15 vs. 11), and vascular access operations (38 vs. 30) compared to residents who did not pursue transplant fellowship (all p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression found that residents underrepresented in medicine were three times more likely (95% CI 1.54-6.58, p < 0.01) and residents at a program co-located with a transplant fellowship six times more likely (95% CI 1.95-18.18, p < 0.01) to pursue transplant fellowship. Additionally, a resident's increasing total transplant operative volume was associated with an increased likelihood of pursuing a transplant fellowship (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.09-1.14, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The findings from this multi-institutional study demonstrate that increased exposure to transplant operations and interaction within a transplant training program is associated with a resident's pursuit of transplant surgery fellowship. Efforts to increase operative exposure, case participation, and mentorship may optimize the resident experience and promote the transplant surgery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mignote Yilma
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Audrey E Brown
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jalen Harvey
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ralph C Quillin
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Research on Education in Surgical Training (CREST), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shareef M Syed
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander R Cortez
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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3
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Meinders AM. Finding Transplant Surgery: The Importance of Mentorship in Specialty Choice. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:e22-e23. [PMID: 37967253 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Meinders
- General surgery resident, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; ; X (formerly Twitter): @ameinders4; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-5087
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4
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Rengers T, Ubl D, Habermann E, Cleary SP, Thiels CA, Warner SG. Supply and demand of hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons in the United States. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:299-309. [PMID: 37981513 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery requires specialized training and adequate case volumes to maintain procedural proficiency and optimal outcomes. Studies of individual HPB surgeon supply related to annual HPB case demand are sparse. This study assesses the supply and demand of the HPB surgical workforce in the United States (US). METHODS The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried from 1998-2019 to estimate the number of HPB procedures performed. To approximate the number of HPB surgeons, models based on previous HPB workforce publications were employed. We then calculated the number of HPB surgeons needed to maintain volume-outcome thresholds at current reported levels of centralization. RESULTS In 2019, approximately 37,335 patients underwent inpatient HPB procedures in the US, while an estimated 905-1191 HPB surgeons were practicing. Assuming 50% centralization and an optimal volume-outcome threshold of 24 HPB cases-per-year, only 778 HPB surgeons were needed. Without adjustment in centralization, by 2030 there will be a demand of fewer than 12 annual cases per HPB surgeon. CONCLUSION The current supply of HPB surgeons may exceed demand in the United States. Without alteration in training pathways or improved care centralization, by 2030, there will be insufficient HPB case volume per surgeon to maintain published volume-outcome standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Rengers
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Ubl
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Habermann
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cornelius A Thiels
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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5
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Fakunle DR, Ammann AM, Sisak S, Delman AM, Vaysburg DM, Lemon K, Silski L, Holm T, Shah SA, Quillin RC. Sex Disparities in Academic Productivity and Rank Among Abdominal Transplant Faculty in the United States. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:260-264. [PMID: 38267336 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in academic rank and productivity among members of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons in the United States. METHODS Cross-sectional, focusing on current board-certified abdominal transplant surgeons in the United States. Demographic factors such as sex, region, and faculty rank were collected from institutional websites. Academic metrics, including H-index, total publications, and relative citation ratio, were collected from Scopus and iCite. RESULTS We identified 536 surgeon members of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons with an academic institution. The majority were men (83%). Men were in practice longer than women (17.9 ± 11 vs 11.7 ± 9 years, P < .0001) and had higher academic metrics, including H-index (25.6 ± 20 vs16.4 ± 14, P < .0001) and total publications (110 ± 145 vs 58.8 ± 69, P < .0001). There was a significant difference in faculty appointments by sex (P < .05), with men showing evidence of increased academic advancement. After adjusting for academic rank, PhD status, and location of medical school and residency, women remained associated with a lower H-index on multivariate analysis (P < .01). CONCLUSION Sex disparities in academic rank and achievement are present among transplant surgical faculty in the United States, and future efforts are needed to promote sex equity in transplant surgery academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola R Fakunle
- Cincinnati Research and Education in Surgical Training, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Allison M Ammann
- Cincinnati Research and Education in Surgical Training, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stephanie Sisak
- Cincinnati Research and Education in Surgical Training, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aaron M Delman
- Cincinnati Research and Education in Surgical Training, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dennis M Vaysburg
- Cincinnati Research and Education in Surgical Training, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kristina Lemon
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Latifa Silski
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tammy Holm
- Cincinnati Research and Education in Surgical Training, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shimul A Shah
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ralph C Quillin
- Cincinnati Research and Education in Surgical Training, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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6
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Fowler KJ, Evans VA, Kumar V, Ross J. Xenotransplantation and the Role of the Patient Voice. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:110-112. [PMID: 37968807 PMCID: PMC10833599 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vineeta Kumar
- UAB SBS: The University of Alabama at Birmingham College of Arts and Sciences
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Delman AM, Kassam AF, Turner KM, Ammann AM, Lynch C, Morris MC, Vaysburg DM, Cortez AR, Quillin RC. Incidence of attrition among early-career abdominal transplant surgeons. Surgery 2023; 173:1113-1119. [PMID: 36167700 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of burnout and depression among abdominal transplant surgeons has been well described. However, the incidence of early-career transplant surgeons leaving the field is unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify the incidence of attrition among early-career abdominal transplant surgeons. METHODS A custom database from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network with encrypted surgeon-specific identifiers was queried for transplant surgeons who entered the field between 2008 and 2019. Surgeons who experienced attrition, defined as not completing a subsequent transplant after a minimum of 5, were identified. Surgeon-specific case volumes, case mix, and recipient outcomes were modeled to describe their association with attrition. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2018, 496 abdominal transplant surgeons entered the field and performed 76,465 transplant procedures. A total of 24.4% (n = 121) experienced attrition, with a median time to attrition of 2.75 years. Attrition surgeons completed fewer kidney (7 vs 21, P < .01), pancreas (0.52 vs 1.43, P < .01), and liver transplants (1 vs 4, P < .01) in their first year of practice. Attrition surgeons completed a smaller proportion of their transplant center's volume (9% vs 18%, P < .01) and were less likely to participate in pediatric transplants (26.5% vs 52.5%, P < .01) and living donor kidney transplants (64.5% vs 84.5%, P < .01). On multivariable analysis, performing fewer kidney (odds ratio: 0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.98-0.99) and liver transplants (odds ratio: 0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.97-0.98) by year 5 and completing a smaller proportion of their centers' volume (odds ratio: 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.94-0.98) were associated with attrition. Furthermore, attrition surgeons had worse allograft and patient survival for liver transplant recipients (both log-rank P < .01). CONCLUSION This investigation was the first to quantify the high incidence of attrition experienced by early-career abdominal transplant surgeons and its association with surgeon-specific case volumes, case mix, and worse recipient outcomes. These findings suggested the abdominal transplant workforce is struggling to retain their fellowship-trained surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Delman
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH. https://twitter.com/AaronDelman
| | - Al-Faraaz Kassam
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH. https://twitter.com/afkassam
| | - Kevin M Turner
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH. https://twitter.com/KevinTurnerMD
| | - Allison M Ammann
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
| | - Caroline Lynch
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
| | - Mackenzie C Morris
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH. https://twitter.com/MackMorrisMD
| | - Dennis M Vaysburg
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH. https://twitter.com/DMVaysburg
| | - Alexander R Cortez
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH. https://twitter.com/AlexCortezMD
| | - Ralph C Quillin
- Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH.
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8
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Beaulieu-Jones BR, Rasic G, Howard DS, Sachs TE, Hess D, Cooper J, Meade S. An Interval Look at the Transplant Surgery Pipeline: Insights from General Surgery Residents' Operative Experience Using ACGME Operative Logs from 2000 to 2021. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:511-519. [PMID: 36509647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the declining number of US graduates pursuing transplant surgery as well as regulatory changes regarding transplant rotations for surgical residents, this study examined the transplant surgery operative volume of residents over the past 20 years. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of the ACGME database of general surgery operative logs from academic year (AY) 1999-2000 to AY 2020-2021; data was categorized into time periods relative to regulatory changes: Period 1 (1999-2010) and Period 2 (2011-2021). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS All ACGME-accredited general surgery residency programs in the US. FINDINGS On average, the proportion of transplant cases to all total major cases was about 1% and did not change during the study period (p=0.61). Each graduating resident completed an average of 10.0 ± 11.0 cases during Period 1 and 10.8 ± 12.0 cases during Period 2, representing a statistically but unlikely clinically significant increase (p=0.008). Renal transplants comprised more than 50% of each resident's operative experience in transplant surgery. The proportion of resident involvement in all renal and liver transplantations nationally did not change during the study period, ranging from 34.5-42.9% for renal and 13.8-22.4% for liver. CONCLUSIONS Resident volume in transplant surgery has largely remained consistent over the past 20 years, suggesting that changes in operative volume are unlikely driving declining interest in transplant surgery fellowship among US trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendin R Beaulieu-Jones
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gordana Rasic
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Teviah E Sachs
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Hess
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey Cooper
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Meade
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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9
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Cortez AR, Delman AM, Quillin RC. Examining the transplant case composition of early-career transplant surgeons. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14839. [PMID: 36281997 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fellowship training established by the American Society of Transplant Surgeons and certified by the Transplant Accreditation and Certification Council provides trainees with broad exposure and practice readiness for the core aspects of abdominal transplantation. However, the operative case mix of a new transplant surgeon early in practice is unknown. This study examined the volume and composition of the transplant case mix of early-career transplant surgeons to better inform residents interested in transplantation about potential career opportunities following fellowship. cas 209 early-career transplant surgeons were identified from the UNOS database containing encrypted surgeon-specific identifiers and were included in this study. At 5 years into practice, there were 85 (40.7%) kidney-predominant, 38 (18.2%) liver-predominant, and 86 (41.1%) multiorgan transplant surgeons. Comparing surgeon subgroups, multiorgan surgeons performed more transplants in year 5 of practice than both liver-predominant and kidney-predominant surgeons (both p < .05). This is the first study to describe the transplant case composition of the early-career transplant surgeons. This data can be used to inform aspiring transplant surgeons about potential career opportunities and to assist fellowship programs in guiding and mentoring fellows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Cortez
- Cincinnati Research in Education in Surgical Training (CREST), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aaron M Delman
- Cincinnati Research in Education in Surgical Training (CREST), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ralph C Quillin
- Cincinnati Research in Education in Surgical Training (CREST), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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10
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Vaysburg DM, Delman AM, Sisak S, Turner KM, Ammann AM, Cortez AR, Shah SA, Quillin III RC. Biophysiological stress and sleep deprivation among abdominal transplant surgery fellows: A prospective multi-institutional study using a wearable device. Am J Surg 2022; 225:962-966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Social Media in Transplantation: An Opportunity for Outreach, Research Promotion, and Enhancing Workforce Diversity. Transplantation 2022; 106:2108-2110. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Regarding the Transplant Surgery Pipeline. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:398. [PMID: 35213506 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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The Transplant Surgery Pipeline. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:398-399. [PMID: 35213507 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Quillin RC, Shah SA. Machine Perfusion in Liver Transplant-Promise and Potential but Need for Guidance as Well. JAMA Surg 2022; 157:198-199. [PMID: 34985511 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph C Quillin
- Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shimul A Shah
- Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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15
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Valbuena VSM, Obayemi JE, Purnell TS, Scantlebury VP, Olthoff KM, Martins PN, Higgins RS, Blackstock DM, Dick AAS, Watkins AC, Englesbe MJ, Simpson DC. Gender and racial disparities in the transplant surgery workforce. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:560-566. [PMID: 34524181 PMCID: PMC8524746 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores trends in the United States (US) transplant surgery workforce with a focus on historical demographics, post-fellowship job market, and quality of life reported by transplant surgeons. Ongoing efforts to improve women and racial/ethnic minority representation in transplant surgery are highlighted. Future directions to create a transplant workforce that reflects the diversity of the US population are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Representation of women and racial and ethnic minorities among transplant surgeons is minimal. Although recent data shows an improvement in the number of Black transplant surgeons from 2% to 5.5% and an increase in women to 12%, the White to Non-White transplant workforce ratio has increased 35% from 2000 to 2013. Transplant surgeons report an average of 4.3 call nights per week and less than five leisure days a month. Transplant ranks 1st among surgical sub-specialties in the prevalence of three well-studied facets of burnout. Concerns about lifestyle may contribute to the decreasing demand for advanced training in abdominal transplantation by US graduates. SUMMARY Minimal improvements have been made in transplant surgery workforce diversity. Sustained and intentional recruitment and promotion efforts are needed to improve the representation of women and minority physicians and advanced practice providers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria S. M. Valbuena
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- National Clinician Scholars Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joy E. Obayemi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanjala S. Purnell
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Velma P. Scantlebury
- Texas Christian University and University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kim M. Olthoff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paulo N. Martins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Robert S. Higgins
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - André A. S. Dick
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony C. Watkins
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dinee C. Simpson
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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