1
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Shan J, Hu X, Chen T, Wang Y, Huang B, Xin Y, Xu H. COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of autoimmune diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1322140. [PMID: 38550316 PMCID: PMC10973840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent times, reports have emerged suggesting that a variety of autoimmune disorders may arise after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, causality and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods We collected summary statistics of COVID-19 vaccination and 31 autoimmune diseases from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as exposure and outcome, respectively. Random-effects inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were used as analytical methods through Mendelian randomization (MR), and heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis were performed. Results We selected 72 instrumental variables for exposure (p < 5 × 10-6; r2 < 0.001, genetic distance = 10,000 kb), and MR analyses showed that COVID-19 vaccination was causally associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) (IVW, OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.065-2.197, p = 0.026) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (IVW, OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003, p = 0.039). If exposure was refined (p < 5 × 10-8; r2 < 0.001, genetic distance = 10,000 kb), the associations became negative. No causality was found for the remaining outcomes. These results were robust to sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses. Conclusion Our study provided potential evidence for the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of MS and UC occurrence, but it lacks sufficient robustness, which could provide a new idea for public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Shan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianzhu Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyi Huang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Xin
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Sciamarrelli N, Siliquini N, Mastorino L, Senetta R, Dapavo P, Ribero S, Quaglino P. Exacerbation of acquired perforating dermatosis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e1091-e1093. [PMID: 37113011 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sciamarrelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Niccolò Siliquini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Dapavo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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3
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Soltanzadi A, Mirmosayyeb O, Momeni Moghaddam A, Ghoshouni H, Ghajarzadeh M. Incidence of Bell's palsy after Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurologia 2023:S2173-5808(23)00038-X. [PMID: 37433426 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the pooled incidence of Bell's palsy after COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and google scholar were searched by two independent researchers. We also searched gray literature including references of the references and conference abstracts. We extracted data regarding the total number of participants, first author, publication year, the country of origin, female/male, type of vaccines, and the number of patients who developed Bell's palsy after COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS Literature search revealed 370 articles, subsequently deleting duplicates 227 remained. After careful evaluation of the full texts, twenty articles remained for meta-analysis. The most commonly administered vaccines were Pfizer followed by Moderna. In total, 4.54e+07 individuals received vaccines against COVID-19, and 1739 cases developed Bell's palsy. In nine studies, controls (individuals without vaccination) were enrolled. The total number of controls was 1809069, of whom, 203 developed Bell's palsy. The incidence of Bell's palsy after COVID-19 vaccines was ignorable. The odds of developing Bell's palsy after COVID-19 vaccines was 1.02 (95%CI: 0.79-1.32) (I2 = 74.8%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that the incidence of peripheral facial palsy after COVID-19 vaccination is ignorable and vaccination does not increase the risk of developing Bell's palsy. Maybe, Bell's palsy is a presenting symptom of a more severe form of COVID-19, so clinicians must be aware of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soltanzadi
- Radiology Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mirmosayyeb
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amin Momeni Moghaddam
- Radiology Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghoshouni
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghajarzadeh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Universal council of epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Soltani H, Taghizade S, Sadeghi A, Farahat A, Owlia MB. Pernicious Anemia Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Report of Two Cases. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2023; 17:220-223. [PMID: 37817969 PMCID: PMC10560650 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v17i3.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019 and the global epidemic of COVID-19 different countries have focused on vaccines, and one of the inactivated produced vaccines was the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. Some side effects of this vaccine were reported previously, including pain at the vaccination site, fatigue, lethargy, headache, and tenderness, which were more prevalent among individuals <49 years old. Herein, we reported two patients aged 45 and 51 years old. Both patients have different signs and symptoms after receiving the second dose of the vaccine. None had a history of chronic disease. On examination and following labs and other diagnostic investigations, we found megaloblastic anemia due to atrophic gastritis and low intrinsic factor. These cases showed an autoimmune side effect of the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine that was previously reported with an exact mechanism but other features called Covid Arm, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and thrombocytopenia. The mechanism of this reaction is unclear yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Soltani
- Deparement of Rheumatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saeb Taghizade
- Department of Biology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Sadeghi
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Farahat
- Department of Hematology and Oncology٫ Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences٫Yazd٫ Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Owlia
- Deparement of Rheumatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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5
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Mirmosayyeb O, Ghaffary E, Vaheb S, Pourkazemi R, Shaygannejad V. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) following COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:265-281. [PMID: 36658048 PMCID: PMC9844421 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 pandemic began in March 2019, and given the number of casualties and adverse effects on the economy, society, and all aspects of the health system, efforts have been made to develop vaccines from the beginning of the pandemic. Numerous vaccines against COVID-19 infection have been developed in several technologies and have spread rapidly. There have been reported multiple complications of the COVID-19 vaccines as with other vaccines. A number of studies have reported multiple sclerosis (MS ) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) as complications of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS First, we found 954 studies from 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) from inception to March 1st, 2022. Next, duplicate articles were eliminated, and 476 studies remained. Then 412 studies were removed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining the full text of 64 articles, 12 studies were selected finally. RESULTS The data were extracted from included studies in a table. Our data includes demographic data, comorbidities, vaccines information and side effects, NMOSD and MS symptoms, laboratory and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, treatment, and outcome of all cases. CONCLUSION MS and NMOSD are two neuroinflammatory disorders that arise in the CNS. Cases of MS and NMOSD have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Nevertheless, more studies with more subjects are needed to assess any possible relationship between the COVID-19 vaccine and central nervous system demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Mirmosayyeb
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - E.M. Ghaffary
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S. Vaheb
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R. Pourkazemi
- Nursing and Midwifery Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - V. Shaygannejad
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding author. Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Mormile R. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia after vaccination with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Oxford-AstraZeneca): implications of gender-specific tissue-factor gene polymorphisms? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:1-3. [PMID: 36461814 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2154650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Italy
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7
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Pergent M, Haerynck F, Hoste L, Gardulf A. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with primary immunodeficiencies: an international survey on patient vaccine hesitancy and self-reported adverse events. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166198. [PMID: 37143673 PMCID: PMC10151802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Sars-CoV-2 pandemic caused great concern for this novel virus among patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) or inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and their families. When COVID-19 vaccination program started, no data existed on adverse events (AEs) in this particular patient population, nor if patients felt hesitancy being vaccinated. Objectives To explore i) reasons for COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, ii) the number and symptoms of AEs and their severity, durability and management. Method The organisations International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) and International Nursing Group for Immunodeficiencies (INGID) distributed a global self-administered online survey. Results The survey was completed by 1317 patients (mean 47, range 12-100, years) from 40 countries. 41.7% of the patients denoted some hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination, mainly having doubts about postvaccination protection related to their underlying PID and concerns about negative long-term effects. More women (22.6%) reported "very" or "pretty much" hesitancy compared to men (16.4%) (P<0.05). The most common systemic AEs were fatigue, muscle/body pain and headache, usually the same day or the day after the vaccination and lasting for 1-2 days. 27.8% of the respondents reported severe systemic AEs after any dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Only a minority (7.8%) of these patients visited a health-care professional and 20 patients (1.5%) were hospitalized or seen at emergency room without specifying subsequent admission at the hospital. Significantly more local and systemic AEs were reported after the second dose. No differences regarding AEs were observed across different PID subgroups or vaccine types. Conclusion At the time of the survey, almost half of the patients reported having felt hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination highlighting the importance and need of developing joint international guidelines and education programs about COVID-19 vaccination. The types of AEs were comparable to healthy controls, but more frequent AEs were reported. Clinical studies and prospective, detailed registration of AEs related to COVID-19 vaccines in this patient population is of great importance. It is crucial to elucidate whether there is a coincidental or causal association between COVID-19 vaccine and some severe systemic AEs. Our data do not contradict that patients with PID can be advised to be vaccinated against COVID-19, in accordance with applicable national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Pergent
- The International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Martine Pergent,
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Infectious Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Centre for Primary Immune Deficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Levi Hoste
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Infectious Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Centre for Primary Immune Deficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Gardulf
- Department of Clinical Immunology, John Radcliffe Hospital, The International Nursing Group for Immunodeficiencies (INGID), Oxford University Hospitals NHSFT, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, The Unit for Clinical Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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8
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Feng Y, Quan Y, Cassady K, Zou Z, Gao Y, Zhang X. Clinical characteristics in immune thrombocytopenia patients after COVID-19 vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2119043. [PMID: 36069667 PMCID: PMC9746405 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that COVID-19 vaccines greatly reduce the severity and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it has been reported that COVID-19 related vaccines may induce or exacerbate autoimmune hematological disorders, for example, a decrease in platelet numbers characteristic of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). To investigate this, we retrospectively reported, for the first time, the clinical characteristics of 42 ITP patients after COVID-19 vaccination in southwest China. Of the 42 patients, 28 patients were historically diagnosed ITP, and their platelet counts (PC) decrease mainly occurred after the first-dose vaccinations. The average PC after vaccination was 39.5 × 109/L and recovered to an average of 80.6 × 109/L after treatment. Efficacy of treatment was 90%, and only 10% maintained low PC at the third month of treatment. More interestingly, of the 42 patients, 14 were newly diagnosed ITP following vaccination. Of these 14 patients, 6 patients (43%) were found PC deterioration after the first vaccine dose, and 7 patients (50%) after the second dose. Fortunately, the peripheral PC of all 14 patients recovered significantly after treatment, and the average PC was 139.4 × 109/L, including 8 CRs (complete response) and 6 PRs (partial response). Notably, 9 of the 14 cases were found to have abnormal immune indices when thrombocytopenia diagnosed. No severe organ hemorrhage was found in either subgroup. These results are reassuring the vaccine safety for ITP patients, in that the risks of aggravating thrombocytopenia by COVID-19 vaccination do exist, but it was transient and can be effectively controlled through intensive clinical monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Feng
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,CONTACT Yimei Feng
| | - Yao Quan
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Zhongmin Zou
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Service Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Xi Zhang Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing400037, China
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9
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Hammami E, Lamarque M, Aujoulat O, Debliquis A, Drénou B, Harzallah I. Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura After BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine: Case Report and Literature Review. Lab Med 2022; 53:e145-e148. [PMID: 35482291 PMCID: PMC9129115 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that is deadly if not treated promptly. The treatment of choice in patients presenting with TTP is plasma exchanges. However, immunosuppressive therapy and caplacizumab have significantly improved outcomes in TTP. This microangiopathy is classically divided into 2 entities: hereditary and acquired TTP (aTTP), caused by an autoantibody against ADAMTS 13. We present a case study of a patient wth TTP occurring after a second dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine along with a review of the literature. A 55-year-old patient presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, anemia, and severe thrombocytopenia. The blood film revealed the presence of schistocytes. A diagnosis of aTTP was established because the patient had severe ADAMTS 13 deficiency and autoantibodies against ADAMTS 13 were positive. This episode occurred 10 days after the patient received the COVID-19 vaccine. The patient received plasma exchanges, prednisone, rituximab, and caplacizumab and achieved complete remission. Ten patients with aTTP induced by the COVID-19 vaccine have been reported in the literature. Most of these situations occurred after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and 7 patients were noted to have received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Caplacizumab was used in 6 patients, and complete remission was achieved in 8 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathilde Lamarque
- Service d’hématologie clinique, Groupe Hospitalier de la région Mulhouse Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Olivier Aujoulat
- Pharmacie centrale, Groupe Hospitalier de la région Mulhouse Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Agathe Debliquis
- Laboratory of Hematology, Groupe Hospitalier de la région Mulhouse Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Bernard Drénou
- Service d’hématologie clinique, Groupe Hospitalier de la région Mulhouse Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Inès Harzallah
- Laboratory of Hematology, Groupe Hospitalier de la région Mulhouse Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France
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10
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de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, Cao Z, Kwok HF. Adamalysins in COVID-19 - Potential mechanisms behind exacerbating the disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112970. [PMID: 35658218 PMCID: PMC9010236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a current pandemic that has resulted in nearly 250 million cases and over 5 million deaths. While vaccines have been developed to prevent infection, and most COVID-19 cases end up being fairly light, there are severe cases of COVID-19 that may end up in death, even with adequate healthcare treatment. New options to combat this disease's effects, therefore, could prove to be invaluable in saving lives. Adamalysins are proteins that have several roles in regulating different functions in the human body but are also known to have functions in inflammation. They are also known to have roles in several different diseases, including COVID-19, where ADAM17, in particular, is now well-known to have a prominent role, but also several diseases which include comorbidities that may worsen cases of COVID-19. Therefore, investigating the functions of adamalysins in disease may give us clues to the molecular workings of COVID-19 as well as potentially new therapeutic targets. Understanding these molecular mechanisms may also allow for an understanding of the mechanisms behind the rare severe side effects that occur in response to current COVID-19 vaccines, which may lead to better monitoring measures for people who may be more at risk of developing these side effects. This review investigates the known roles and functions of adamalysins in disease, including what is currently known of their involvement in COVID-19, and how these functions might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China,Co-corresponding author
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR,Corresponding author at: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
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11
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Abstract
We herein report two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). A 69-year-old Japanese man developed severe thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination. He had oral bleeding and hemoptysis but no thrombotic symptoms. He improved rapidly with oral prednisolone therapy. A 34-year-old Japanese woman had generalized purpura after COVID-19 vaccination. Her platelet count improved rapidly after treatment with prednisolone and eltrombopag. The occurrence of two cases of ITP after COVID-19 vaccination at a single institution suggests that there could be more such undiagnosed cases, especially cases of mild secondary ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Shonai
- Department of Hematology, TMG Asaka Medical Center, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Japan
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12
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Upper Limb Ischemia Due to Arterial Thrombosis after COVID-19 Vaccination. Case Rep Med 2022; 2022:4819131. [PMID: 35308134 PMCID: PMC8926543 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4819131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a case of a 60-year-old male patient who received the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine and presented to the emergency department complaining of left hand pain and paresthesia. Investigations revealed upper limb ischemia; he was hospitalized for further management.
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13
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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Comment on: Thrombocytopenia in a teen with sickle cell disease following COVID-19 vaccination. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29303. [PMID: 34411407 PMCID: PMC8441642 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Department of Community MedicineDr. DY Patil UniversityPuneIndia
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14
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Lazebnik Y. Cell fusion as a link between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, COVID-19 complications, and vaccine side effects. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2476-2488. [PMID: 34917266 PMCID: PMC8664391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinctive feature of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is its ability to efficiently fuse cells, thus producing syncytia found in COVID-19 patients. This commentary proposes how this ability enables spike to cause COVID-19 complications as well as side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, and suggests how these effects can be prevented.
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15
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Reuben RC, Adogo LY. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia: should we consider immuno-hypersensitivity? Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:70. [PMID: 34730750 PMCID: PMC8522756 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is significantly causing unprecedented clinical, socioeconomic, and public health challenges globally. The successful global administration of effective, safe and sustainable vaccine(s) is widely believed to be crucial in mitigating as well as preventing COVID-19. However, the rising cases of severe adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with COVID-19 vaccines including thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and in some instances, death have created serious global concerns and could enormously contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Although the complete underlying pathophysiology and immunopathology of the COVID-19 vaccines related to AEFI, including thrombosis and/or anaphylaxis, are yet to be determined, exploring possible immuno-hypersensitivity could be crucial in the mechanisms associated with these reactions, thereby mitigating their occurrences as well as restoring confidence in vaccine administration for a COVID-19 free world.
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