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Garibaldi-Ríos AF, Figuera LE, Zúñiga-González GM, Gómez-Meda BC, Puebla-Pérez AM, Rivera-Cameras A, Magaña-Torres MT, García-Ortíz JE, Dávalos-Rodríguez IP, Rosales-Reynoso MA, García-Verdín PM, Carrillo-Dávila IA, Torres-Mendoza BM, Ávalos-Navarro G, Gallegos-Arreola MP. Genomic Landscape of Breast Cancer: Study Across Diverse Ethnic Groups. Diseases 2025; 13:86. [PMID: 40136626 PMCID: PMC11941751 DOI: 10.3390/diseases13030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with incidence and mortality rates varying across ethnic groups due to sociodemographic, clinicopathological, and genomic differences. This study aimed to characterize the genomic landscape of BC in diverse ethnic groups using computational tools to explore these variations. Methodology: cBioPortal was used to analyze genomic, clinicopathological, and sociodemographic data from 1084 BC samples. Mutated genes were classified based on GeneCards platform data. Enrichment analysis was performed with CancerHallmarks, and genes not found were compared with MSigDB's Hallmark Gene Sets. Genes absent from both were further analyzed using NDEx through Cytoscape.org to explore their role in cancer. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in sex, tumor subtypes, genetic ancestry, median of the fraction of the altered genome, mutation count, and mutation frequencies of genes across ethnic groups. We identified the most frequently mutated genes. Some of these genes were found to be associated with classic cancer hallmarks, such as replicative immortality, sustained proliferative signaling, and the evasion of growth suppressors. However, the exact role of some of these genes in cancer remains unclear, highlighting the need for further research to better understand their involvement in tumor biology. Conclusions: This study identified significant clinicopathological and genomic variations in BC across ethnic groups. While key genes associated with cancer hallmarks were found, the incomplete characterization of some highlights the need for further research, especially focusing on ethnic groups, to understand their role in tumor biology and improve personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asbiel Felipe Garibaldi-Ríos
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.F.G.-R.); (L.E.F.); (M.T.M.-T.); (J.E.G.-O.); (I.P.D.-R.); (P.M.G.-V.); (I.A.C.-D.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Figuera
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.F.G.-R.); (L.E.F.); (M.T.M.-T.); (J.E.G.-O.); (I.P.D.-R.); (P.M.G.-V.); (I.A.C.-D.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.M.Z.-G.); (M.A.R.-R.)
| | - Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ana María Puebla-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Alicia Rivera-Cameras
- Departamento Ciclo de Vida, Genética y Medicina Genómica, Unidad Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - María Teresa Magaña-Torres
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.F.G.-R.); (L.E.F.); (M.T.M.-T.); (J.E.G.-O.); (I.P.D.-R.); (P.M.G.-V.); (I.A.C.-D.)
| | - José Elías García-Ortíz
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.F.G.-R.); (L.E.F.); (M.T.M.-T.); (J.E.G.-O.); (I.P.D.-R.); (P.M.G.-V.); (I.A.C.-D.)
| | - Ingrid Patricia Dávalos-Rodríguez
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.F.G.-R.); (L.E.F.); (M.T.M.-T.); (J.E.G.-O.); (I.P.D.-R.); (P.M.G.-V.); (I.A.C.-D.)
| | - Mónica Alejandra Rosales-Reynoso
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.M.Z.-G.); (M.A.R.-R.)
| | - Patricia Montserrat García-Verdín
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.F.G.-R.); (L.E.F.); (M.T.M.-T.); (J.E.G.-O.); (I.P.D.-R.); (P.M.G.-V.); (I.A.C.-D.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Irving Alejandro Carrillo-Dávila
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.F.G.-R.); (L.E.F.); (M.T.M.-T.); (J.E.G.-O.); (I.P.D.-R.); (P.M.G.-V.); (I.A.C.-D.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias Humanas y Retrovirus, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico Metodológicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ávalos-Navarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada #800, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.F.G.-R.); (L.E.F.); (M.T.M.-T.); (J.E.G.-O.); (I.P.D.-R.); (P.M.G.-V.); (I.A.C.-D.)
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Wurlina W, Meles DK, Mustofa I, Khairullah AR, Putra DMS, Suwasanti N, Akintunde AO, Utama S, Mulyati S, Wasito W, Raissa R, Ahmad RZ, Julaeha J, Ekawasti F. Alkaloid fraction of Achyranthes aspera Linn triggers breast cancer apoptosis in mice ( Mus musculus) model. Open Vet J 2025; 15:1279-1288. [PMID: 40276193 PMCID: PMC12017709 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2025.v15.i3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer affects women of various ages, and its recurrence is a significant cause of death. The search for potent anticancer compounds of herbal origin with well-defined mechanisms of action is an essential focus of current research. Aim This study aimed to investigate the effects of alkaloids in Achyranthes aspera Linn (AAL) leaf extract on necrosis, apoptosis, and related molecular markers, namely, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax), rat sarcoma virus (Ras), cytochrome (Cyt) c, and apoptotic activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), in mice models. Methods Thirty mice with breast cancer were randomly divided into five groups. The negative control group only received distilled water daily. Mice in the positive control group (PCG) were administered methotrexate (15 mg/Kg) daily. The T1, T2, and T3 groups received oral orally at 75, 100, and 125 mg/Kg body weight daily for 30 days, respectively. On day 31, all mice were euthanized for the preparation of histological specimens of the mammary glands. The negative control group had the lowest number of apoptotic cells, Apaf-1, Cyt C, and Bax expression, and the highest number of viable cancer cells and Ras expression. Results The percentages of necrotic cells and breast cancer-expressed CDK-1 were not significantly (p > 0.05) different among groups. The percentage of apoptotic cells, Apaf-1, and Cyt c, was highest in T3. Conversely, the percentage of viable cells and breast cancer-expressing Ras was lowest in T3. Conclusion Treatment with 125 mg/Kg AAL suppressed cancer cell growth in breast cancer-bearing mice. Further research is necessary to determine the complete signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wurlina Wurlina
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dewa Ketut Meles
- Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Imam Mustofa
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Niluh Suwasanti
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Adeyinka Oye Akintunde
- Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo State, Nigeria
| | - Suzanita Utama
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Mulyati
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wasito Wasito
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ricadonna Raissa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Riza Zainuddin Ahmad
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Julaeha Julaeha
- Research Center for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Fitrine Ekawasti
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
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Feng K, He X, Qin L, Ma Z, Liu S, Jia Z, Ren F, Cao H, Wu J, Ma D, Wang X, Xing Z. Construction and validation of a ubiquitination-related prognostic risk score signature in breast cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35553. [PMID: 39170352 PMCID: PMC11336713 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is a highly common form of cancer that occurs in many parts of the world. However, early -stage BC is curable. Many patients with BC have poor prognostic outcomes owing to ineffective diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The ubiquitination system and associated proteins were found influencing the outcome of individuals with cancer. Therefore, developing a biomarker associated with ubiquitination genes to forecast BC patient outcomes is a feasible strategy. Objective The primary goal of this work was to develop a novel risk score signature capable of accurately estimate the future outcome of patients with BC by targeting ubiquitinated genes. Methods Univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted utilizing the E1, E2, and E3 ubiquitination-related genes in the GSE20685 dataset. Genes with p < 0.01 were screened again using the Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm, and the resulting hub genes were composed of a risk score signature. Patients were categorized into two risk groups, and the predictive effect was tested using Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. This risk score signature was later validated using multiple external datasets, namely TCGA-BRAC, GSE1456, GSE16446, GSE20711, GSE58812 and GSE96058. Immuno-microenvironmental, single-cell, and microbial analyses were also performed. Results The selected gene signature comprising six ubiquitination-related genes (ATG5, FBXL20, DTX4, BIRC3, TRIM45, and WDR78) showed good prognostic power in patients with BC. It was validated using multiple externally validated datasets, with KM curves showing significant differences in survival (p < 0.05). The KM curves also demonstrated superior predictive ability compared to traditional clinical indicators. Single-cell analysis revealed that Vd2 gd T cells were less abundantin the low-risk group, whereas patients in the high-risk group lacked myeloid dendritic cells. Tumor microbiological analysis revealed a notable variation in microorganism diversity between the high- and low-risk groups. Conclusion This study established an risk score signature consisting of six ubiquitination genes, that can accurately forecast the outcome of patients with BC using multiple datasets. It can provide personalized and targeted assistance to provide the evaluation and therapy of individuals having BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zihuan Ma
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Jinghai Industrial Park, Economic and Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Jinghai Industrial Park, Economic and Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ziqi Jia
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Heng Cao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dongxu Ma
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zeyu Xing
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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Tan MCB, Isom CA, Liu Y, Trégouët DA, Wu L, Zhou D, Gamazon ER. Transcriptome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization in pancreatic cancer identifies susceptibility genes and causal relationships with type 2 diabetes and venous thromboembolism. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105233. [PMID: 39002386 PMCID: PMC11284564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two important questions regarding the genetics of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are 1. Which germline genetic variants influence the incidence of this cancer; and 2. Whether PDAC causally predisposes to associated non-malignant phenotypes, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). METHODS In this study of 8803 patients with PDAC and 67,523 controls, we first performed a large-scale transcriptome-wide association study to investigate the association between genetically determined gene expression in normal pancreas tissue and PDAC risk. Secondly, we used Mendelian Randomization (MR) to analyse the causal relationships among PDAC, T2D (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls) and VTE (30,234 cases and 172,122 controls). FINDINGS Sixteen genes showed an association with PDAC risk (FDR <0.10), including six genes not yet reported for PDAC risk (PPIP5K2, TFR2, HNF4G, LRRC10B, PRC1 and FBXL20) and ten previously reported genes (INHBA, SMC2, ABO, PDX1, MTMR6, ACOT2, PGAP3, STARD3, GSDMB, ADAM33). MR provided support for a causal effect of PDAC on T2D using genetic instruments in the HNF4G and PDX1 loci, and unidirectional causality of VTE on PDAC involving the ABO locus (OR 2.12, P < 1e-7). No evidence of a causal effect of PDAC on VTE was found. INTERPRETATION These analyses identified candidate susceptibility genes and disease relationships for PDAC that warrant further investigation. HNF4G and PDX1 may induce PDAC-associated diabetes, whereas ABO may induce the causative effect of VTE on PDAC. FUNDING National Institutes of Health (USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus C B Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chelsea A Isom
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yangzi Liu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Wang S, Chen X, Zhang X, Wen K, Chen X, Gu J, Li J, Wang Z. Pro-apoptotic gene BAX is a pan-cancer predictive biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11289-11317. [PMID: 39074253 PMCID: PMC11315380 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis Regulator BCL2 Associated X (BAX) is a pro-apoptotic gene. Apoptosis is one of the important components of immune response and immune regulation. However, there is no systematic pan-cancer analysis of BAX. METHODS Original data of this study were downloaded from TCGA databases and GTEX databases. We conducted the gene expression analysis and survival analysis of BAX in 33 types of cancer via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were further performed to examine the BAX expression in cancer cells and tissues. Moreover, the relationship between BAX and immune infiltration and gene alteration was studied by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and cBioPortal tools. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed in the STRING database. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were utilized to evaluate the enrichment analysis. RESULTS BAX was highly expressed in most cancers and was associated with poor prognosis in nine cancer types. In addition, BAX showed significant clinical relevance, and the mRNA expression of BAX was also strongly associated with drug sensitivity of many drugs. Furthermore, BAX may participate in proliferation and metastasis of many cancers and was associated with methylation. Importantly, BAX expression was positively correlated with most immune infiltrating cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that BAX can function as an oncogene and may be used as a potential predictive biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy of human cancer, which could provide a new approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Mei C, Liang Z, Zhi Y, Xu H, Wang H, Dong H. Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis of mammary carcinoma cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:57-69. [PMID: 38081660 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mammary tumour is the most common type of tumour in dogs, especially in unneutered female dogs. Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a natural alkaloid that can be used to treat various types of human tumour. However, the inhibitory effect and mechanism of HHT on canine mammary carcinomas (CMC) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of HHT on CMC in vitro and determine its underlying molecular mechanism. The effects of HHT on the cytotoxicity of CMC U27 cells were evaluated by the cell counting kit-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays. HHT-induced apoptosis of U27 cells was detected by JC-1 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Moreover, the gene expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were analysed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the protein expression of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) and mitochondrial apoptosis proteins were determined by western blotting. Furthermore, mammary tumour-bearing mouse models were established using 4T1 cells to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HHT. It was found that HHT could significantly down-regulated the protein expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, and Bcl-2, and up-regulated the protein expression of P53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. In addition, HHT significantly suppressed both tumour volume and mass in mammary tumour mice. In conclusion, HHT damages CMC cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis. Such findings lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of CMC and provide more options for clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixuan Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Haojun Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Li L, Li M, Zheng J, Li Z, Chen X. Knocking down NSUN5 inhibits the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting the p53 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204761. [PMID: 37263638 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common solid renal tumor. NSUN5, a gene encoding cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase, has rarely been reported associated with cancer. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that NSUN5 was overexpressed in ccRCC. Gene Ontology and gene set variation analyses showed that NSUN5 was associated with tumor immunity in ccRCC. The effect of immunosuppressive treatment was superior in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group, and higher stromal score in the high-risk group relative to the low-risk group. A drug sensitivity analysis revealed that the high-risk group was more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, methotrexate, and 17-AAG, whereas the low-risk group was more sensitive to crizotinib, sorafenib, foretinib, and ivozanib. NSUN5 knockout decreased ccRCC cell proliferation. The migration speed and number of invasive cells further decreased. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased. In NSUN5-knockout cells, the levels of BAX, caspase-8, caspase-9, and p53 increased significantly, whereas those of Bcl2, CCND1, CCND3, and MMP9 decreased significantly. NSUN5 is highly expressed in ccRCC and inhibits cancer cell invasion, proliferation, and migration while promoting apoptosis by activating the p53 signaling pathway. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of action of NSUN5 in urological tumors and may contribute to improving ccRCC treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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Mishra S, Tripathy SK, Paul D, Laha P, Santra MK, Patra S. Asymmetrically Coordinated Heterodimetallic Ir-Ru System: Synthesis, Computational, and Anticancer Aspects. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7003-7013. [PMID: 37097171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an unprecedented formation of a heterodinuclear complex [{(ppy)2IrIII}(μ-phpy){RuII(tpy)}](ClO4)2 {[1](ClO4)2} using terpyridyl/phenylpyridine as ancillary ligands and asymmetric phpy as a bridging ligand. The asymmetric binding mode (N∧N-∩-N∧N∧C-) of the phpy ligand in {[1](ClO4)2} is confirmed by 1H, 13C, 1H-1H correlated spectroscopy (COSY), high-resolution mass spectrum (HRMS), single-crystal X-ray crystallography techniques, and solution conductivity measurements. Theoretical investigation suggests that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the least unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of [1]2+ are located on iridium/ppy and phpy, respectively. The complex displays a broad low energy charge transfer (CT) band within 450-575 nm. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) analysis suggests this as a mixture of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT), where both ruthenium, iridium, and ligands are involved. Complex {[1](ClO4)2} exhibits RuIIIrIII/RuIIIIrIII- and RuIIIIrIII/RuIIIIrIV-based oxidative couples at 0.83 and 1.39 V, respectively. The complex shows anticancer activity and selectivity toward human breast cancer cells (IC50; MCF-7: 9.3 ± 1.2 μM, and MDA-MB-231: 8.6 ± 1.2 μM) over normal breast cells (MCF 10A: IC50 ≈ 21 ± 1.3 μM). The Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy images suggest that combined apoptosis and autophagy are responsible for cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumyaranjan Mishra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Suman Kumar Tripathy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Paltan Laha
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
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9
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Ginsenoside Rh2 Induces HeLa Apoptosis through Upregulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related and Downstream Apoptotic Gene Expression. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227865. [PMID: 36431966 PMCID: PMC9699401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy afflicting women all over the world. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2), especially 20(S)-GRh2, is a biologically active component in the natural plant ginseng, which can exhibit anticancer effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of 20(S)-GRh2 on cervical cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanism through RNA-seq. In this study, the CCK-8 assay showed that 20(S)-GRh2 inhibited HeLa cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Caspase 3 activity and Annexin V staining results showed that 20(S)-GRh2 induced apoptosis of HeLa cells. Gene function enrichment analysis revealed that the biological process gene ontology (GO) terms were associated with the apoptotic signaling pathway. Biological process GO terms' similarity network indicated that apoptosis might be from endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that 20(S)-GRh2 primarily modulates apoptosis pathway genes. Combined protein-protein interaction network, hub gene screening, and qPCR validation data showed that ERs-related genes (ATF4 and DDIT3) and the downstream apoptotic genes (JUN, FOS, BBC3, and PMAIP1) were potential novel targets of 20(S)-GRh2-inducing cervical cancer cell apoptosis. Differential transcript usage analysis indicated that DDIT3 is also a differential transcript and its usage of the isoform (ENST00000552740.5) was reduced by 20(S)-GRh2. Molecular docking suggested that 20(S)-GRh2 binds to the targets (ATF4, DDIT3, JUN, FOS, BBC3, and PMAIP1) with high affinity. In conclusion, our findings indicated that 20(S)-GRh2 might promote ERs-related apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by regulating the DDIT3-based targets' signal pathway. The role of 20(S)-GRh2 at the transcriptome level provides novel targets and evidence for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Wu CZ, Gao MJ, Chen J, Sun XL, Zhang KY, Dai YQ, Ma T, Li HM, Zhang YX. Isobavachalcone Induces Multiple Cell Death in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:6787. [PMID: 36296386 PMCID: PMC9612085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Standardized treatment guidelines and effective drugs are not available for human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Many efforts have recently been exerted to investigate the efficacy of natural compounds as anticancer agents owing to their low toxicity. However, no study has examined the effects of isobavachalcone (IBC) on the programmed cell death (PCD) of human triple-negative breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. In this study, IBC substantially inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners. In addition, we found that IBC induced multiple cell death processes, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells. The initial mechanism of IBC-mediated cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells involves the downregulation of Akt and p-Akt-473, an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved caspases-3 induced apoptosis; the upregulation of RIP3, p-RIP3 and MLKL induced necroptosis; as well as a simultaneous increase in LC3-II/I ratio induced autophagy. In addition, we observed that IBC induced mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby decreasing cellular ATP levels and increasing reactive oxygen species accumulation to induce PCD. These results suggest that IBC is a promising lead compound with anti-TNBC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mei-Jia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiao-Long Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Ke-Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yi-Qun Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233030, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
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11
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Sun R, Lim SO. FBXL20-mediated ubiquitination triggers the proteasomal degradation of 4-1BB. FEBS J 2022; 289:4549-4563. [PMID: 35112462 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
4-1BB [tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF9), CD137) is a critical immune stimulator that sustains T cell activity and antitumor immune response. The strategy to eliminate cancers by agonistically targeting 4-1BB is under clinical investigation. As a protein expressed in an inducible manner, 4-1BB is under tight control on both transcription and translation levels to maintain its homeostasis. So far, the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional activation of 4-1BB have been well-interpreted; however, it remains inexplicit how 4-1BB is regulated on the protein level. In this study, we presented experimental evidence supporting that 4-1BB, especially the heavily N-glycosylated (mature) form, is polyubiquitinated and subjected to the ubiquitin-proteasomal system for degradation. By performing proximity-dependent biotin identification screening coupled with biochemical assays, we identified that F-box/LRR-repeat protein 20 acts as the E3 ligase that promotes the polyubiquitination of 4-1BB at the intracellular domain. Our data provided mechanistic insight into 4-1BB regulation on the protein level by unmasking, for the first time, a posttranslational mechanism governing 4-1BB abundance in cells. The findings of this study could potentially guide the development of 4-1BB-targeted therapy for cancers as well as other immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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