1
|
Knež V, Hudetz D. Eccentric Exercises on the Board with 17-Degree Decline Are Equally Effective as Eccentric Exercises on the Standard 25-Degree Decline Board in the Treatment of Patellar Tendinopathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1916. [PMID: 38003964 PMCID: PMC10673171 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patellar tendinopathy is one of the most significant problems in jumping and running athletes. Eccentric quadriceps exercise has been introduced into the therapy of patients with patellar tendinopathy in order to avoid weakening the tendon during rehabilitation. The use of decline boards with a decline angle of 25° has been the cornerstone of therapy over the last two decades. Biomechanical studies have suggested that an equal or potentially better outcome could be achieved with lower angles of decline (up to 16°). Materials and Methods: In this present research, we compared the effects of two various decline board angles on the clinical outcome of patients treated for patellar tendinopathy by performing eccentric quadriceps exercises. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: patients practicing on the standard board with a 25° decline, and patients practicing on the 17° decline (n = 35 per group). Results: After 6 weeks of exercise, we found a significant improvement in all the clinical scores (VISA-P score, KOOS score, Lysholm Knee Questionnaire/Tegner Activity Scale, and VAS scale) of treated patients. However, there was no significant difference between the patients who performed eccentric quadriceps exercises on the standard 25° decline board and those exercising on the 17° decline board. A smaller additional degree of improvement was visible at the end of the follow-up period (at 12 weeks), but, again, no statistical difference could be detected between the investigated groups. We conclude that both treatment options provide similar short-term and midterm benefits regarding improvements in pain and clinical scores. The improvement in clinical scores does not depend on age, sex, BMI, or the professional sport of the patient. Conclusions: Our findings encourage changes in the decline angle of the board in the case of a patient's discomfort in order to achieve better compliance without affecting the recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Knež
- Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation Varaždinske Toplice, 42223 Varaždinske Toplice, Croatia
| | - Damir Hudetz
- Department for Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, “Sveti Duh”, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department for Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Willwacher S, Kurz M, Robbin J, Thelen M, Hamill J, Kelly L, Mai P. Running-Related Biomechanical Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Distance Runners: A Systematic Review Considering Injury Specificity and the Potentials for Future Research. Sports Med 2022; 52:1863-1877. [PMID: 35247202 PMCID: PMC9325808 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running overuse injuries (ROIs) occur within a complex, partly injury-specific interplay between training loads and extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors. Biomechanical risk factors (BRFs) are related to the individual running style. While BRFs have been reviewed regarding general ROI risk, no systematic review has addressed BRFs for specific ROIs using a standardized methodology. OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate the evidence for the most relevant BRFs for ROIs determined during running and to suggest future research directions. DESIGN Systematic review considering prospective and retrospective studies. (PROSPERO_ID: 236,832). DATA SOURCES PubMed. Connected Papers. The search was performed in February 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA English language. Studies on participants whose primary sport is running addressing the risk for the seven most common ROIs and at least one kinematic, kinetic (including pressure measurements), or electromyographic BRF. A BRF needed to be identified in at least one prospective or two independent retrospective studies. BRFs needed to be determined during running. RESULTS Sixty-six articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence for specific ROIs ranged from conflicting to moderate evidence. Running populations and methods applied varied considerably between studies. While some BRFs appeared for several ROIs, most BRFs were specific for a particular ROI. Most BRFs derived from lower-extremity joint kinematics and kinetics were located in the frontal and transverse planes of motion. Further, plantar pressure, vertical ground reaction force loading rate and free moment-related parameters were identified as kinetic BRFs. CONCLUSION This study offers a comprehensive overview of BRFs for the most common ROIs, which might serve as a starting point to develop ROI-specific risk profiles of individual runners. We identified limited evidence for most ROI-specific risk factors, highlighting the need for performing further high-quality studies in the future. However, consensus on data collection standards (including the quantification of workload and stress tolerance variables and the reporting of injuries) is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Willwacher
- grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department for Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany ,grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Institute for Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Kurz
- grid.29050.3e0000 0001 1530 0805Department of Quality Technology & Mechanical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Robbin
- grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department for Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany ,grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Institute for Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Thelen
- grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Institute for Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph Hamill
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2166 5835Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Luke Kelly
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Patrick Mai
- grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department for Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany ,grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Institute for Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Quirino J, Santos TRT, Okai-Nóbrega LA, de Araújo PA, Carvalho R, Ocarino JDM, Souza TR, Fonseca ST. Runners with a history of injury have greater lower limb movement regularity than runners without a history of injury. Sports Biomech 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34121609 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1929435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regularity of the lower limb joint kinematics in runners with and without a history of running-related injuries. The second aim was to verify if the movement pattern regularities are different among the lower limb joints. Eighteen asymptomatic recreational runners with and without a history of running-related injury participated in this study. Lower limb kinematics in the sagittal plane were recorded during running on a treadmill at a self-selected speed. The regularities of the time series of hip, knee, and ankle were analysed using sample entropy (SampEn). A mixed analysis of variance was used to investigate differences between groups and among joints. Runners with a history of injury had lower SampEn values than runners without a history of injury. Ankle kinematics SampEn was higher than that of the knee and hip. Knee kinematics had higher values of SampEn than that of the hip. Runners with a history of running-related injury had greater joint kinematic's regularity. This result suggests that, even in asymptomatic runners, previous injuries could influence the movement pattern regularity. Also, the regularity was different among joints. The ankle demonstrated the lowest regularity, reinforcing the different functions that lower limb joints perform during running.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Quirino
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Ribeiro Teles Santos
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Liria Akie Okai-Nóbrega
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscila Albuquerque de Araújo
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renatha Carvalho
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Melo Ocarino
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thales Rezende Souza
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Teixeira Fonseca
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Michael Lazaro R, Souza RB, Luke AC. Patellar mobility and lower limb kinematics during functional activities in individuals with and without patellar tendinopathy. Knee 2021; 30:241-248. [PMID: 33957465 PMCID: PMC8880291 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case-control. OBJECTIVE To examine whether patients with patellar tendinopathy (PT) display greater patellar mobility and different lower body kinematics than patients without PT. BACKGROUND PT is a common overuse condition of the patellar tendon that can cause pain and impair function. Subjects with overuse knee problems display different hip and knee functional mechanics, specifically valgus collapse. Patellar hypermobility has not been specifically studied as a possible risk factor for PT. METHODS 11 patients with PT and 11 controls without PT, age 18 to 40, were studied. Using a patellofemoral arthrometer (PFA), maximal lateral and medial patellar displacement was measured. 3-D motion analysis was performed to determine lower extremity joint motions during single-leg step down and drop vertical jump tests. RESULTS Patients with PT had significantly increased lateral patellar mobility compared to controls (12.21 ± 3.33 mm vs. 9.19 ± 1.92 mm, P = .017). PT patients showed significantly greater peak hip adduction with both drop vertical jump (2.7° ± 6.3° vs. -5.6° ± 4.2°; P = .003) and step down (17.0° ± 3.8° vs. 12.5° ± 4.4°, P = .024). PT patients demonstrated increased peak ankle external rotation with drop vertical jump (-21.1° ± 5.9° vs. -14.8° ± 5.5°, P = .023) and step down (-15.6° ± 5.5° vs. -9.0° ± 6.0°, P = .017). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PT exhibit increased lateral patellar mobility, hip adduction, and ankle external rotation. The effects of increased patellar mobility deserve further study in the development, management, and prevention of PT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rondy Michael Lazaro
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 664, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Richard B. Souza
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Anthony C. Luke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Orthopaedic Institute, 1500 Owens St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Corresponding author. (A.C. Luke)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernández-López I, Rojano-Ortega D. Lower Limb Biomechanical Factors Related to Running Injuries: A Review and Practical Recommendations. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
6
|
Braga UM, Mendonça LD, Mascarenhas RO, Alves COA, Filho RGT, Resende RA. Effects of medially wedged insoles on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment. Gait Posture 2019; 74:242-249. [PMID: 31574408 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive foot pronation during running in individuals with foot varus alignment may be reduced by medially wedged insoles. RESEARCH QUESTION This study investigated the effects of a medially wedged insole at the forefoot and at the rearfoot on the lower limbs angles and internal moments of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment. METHODS Kinematic and kinetic data of 19 runners (11 females and 8 males) were collected while they ran wearing flat (control condition) and medially wedged insoles (insole condition). Both insoles had arch support. We used principal component analysis for data reduction and dependent t-test to compare differences between conditions. RESULTS The insole condition reduced ankle eversion (p = 0.003; effect size = 0.63); reduced knee range of motion in the transverse plane (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55); increased knee range of motion in the frontal plane in early stance and had earlier knee adduction peak (p = 0.018; effect size = 0.52); reduced hip range of motion in the transverse plane (p = 0.031; effect size = 0.48); reduced hip adduction (p = 0.024; effect size = 0.50); reduced ankle inversion moment (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55); and increased the difference between the knee internal rotation moment in early stance and midstance (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55). SIGNIFICANCE Insoles with 7˚ medial wedges at the forefoot and rearfoot are able to modify motion and moments patterns that are related to lower limb injuries in runners with increased foot pronation and foot varus alignment with some non-desired effects on the knee motion in the frontal plane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uiara M Braga
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583/5000, Campus Diamantina, Alto do Jacuba, 39100 000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luciana D Mendonça
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583/5000, Campus Diamantina, Alto do Jacuba, 39100 000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo O Mascarenhas
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583/5000, Campus Diamantina, Alto do Jacuba, 39100 000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Carolina O A Alves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renato G T Filho
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583/5000, Campus Diamantina, Alto do Jacuba, 39100 000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renan A Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mellinger S, Neurohr GA. Evidence based treatment options for common knee injuries in runners. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S249. [PMID: 31728373 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature regarding conservative treatment options for the three most common knee injuries in runners including patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS), and patellar tendinopathy (PT). Each diagnosis is discussed using current research to describe the pathophysiology, evaluation process, and evidence based effective treatment strategies including therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, neuromuscular re-education, and modalities. The result is a comprehensive overview of each diagnosis and a research-based approach to effectively evaluate and treat each condition for best outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Mellinger
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grace Anne Neurohr
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Kinematic risk factors for lower limb tendinopathy in distance runners: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture 2019; 69:13-24. [PMID: 30658311 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal kinematics have been implicated as one of the major risk factors for lower limb tendinopathy (LLT). OBJECTIVE To systematically review evidence for kinematic risk factors for LLT in runners. METHODS Individual electronic searches in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were conducted. Two reviewers screened studies to identify observational studies reporting kinematic risk factors in runners with LLT compared to healthy controls. The Down and Black appraisal scale was applied to assess quality. A meta-analysis was performed provided that at least two studies with similar methodology reported the same factor. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were included: Achilles tendinopathy (AT) (9), iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) (17), plantar fasciopathy (PF) (2), patellar tendinopathy (PT) (1), posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) (1). Eighteen studies were rated high-quality and ten medium-quality. The meta-analyses revealed strong evidence of higher peak knee internal rotation, moderate evidence of lower peak rearfoot eversion and knee flexion at heel strike and greater peak hip adduction in runners with ITBS. Very limited evidence revealed higher peak ankle eversion in runners with PF and PTTD or higher peak hip adduction in PT. SIGNIFICANCE Peak rearfoot eversion was the only factor reported in all included LLTs; it is a significant factor in ITBS, PT and PTTD but not in AT and PF. More prospective studies are needed to accurately evaluate the role of kinematic risk factors as a cause of LLT. Taken together, addressing rearfoot kinematic and kinematic chain movements accompanied by peak eversion should be considered in the prevention and management of LLT.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rosen AB, Ko J, Brown CN. The relationship between acute pain and dynamic postural stability indices in individuals with patellar tendinopathy. Gait Posture 2018; 65:117-120. [PMID: 30558917 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellar tendinopathy is a common condition resulting in persistent pain, frequently reported during physical activity. The relationship between dynamic postural stability and pain in these individuals is unclear and how it may affect postural stability. RESEARCH QUESTION Is there a relationship between acute pain and dynamic postural stability indices in individuals with patellar tendinopathy? METHODS Twenty-two recreationally active individuals with patellar tendinopathy participated. Participants performed a two-legged jump and landed on a single test-limb on a force platform. They completed 100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS) before and after landing trials. Anterior-posterior (APSI), medial-lateral (MLSI), vertical (VSI), and composite (DPSI) stability indices were calculated from ground reaction force data. The relationship between stability indices and VAS for pain as well as pain change scores were assessed via non-parametric Spearman's rho (ρ) rank correlations (p≤.05). RESULTS Baseline pain was not significantly correlated with any stability indices. Post-landing pain was significantly correlated with MLSI (ρ = 0.540, p = 0.004) while, VSI (ρ = 0.353, p = 0.053) and DPSI (ρ = 0.347, p = 0.057) had moderate, yet insignificant correlations. Pain change scores demonstrated a large correlation with MLSI (ρ = 0.598, p = 0.002). SIGNIFICANCE As pain increased in individuals with patellar tendinopathy, dynamic postural stability indices values increased, indicating more difficulty transitioning from a dynamic to static state. Although balance deficits are not typically associated with patellar tendinopathy, it appears pain and dynamic postural stability may be related in these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Rosen
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St, HK207Y, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Jupil Ko
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University 435 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cathleen N Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, Oregon State University, Langton Hall, 2450 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Individuals Post Achilles Tendon Rupture Exhibit Asymmetrical Knee and Ankle Kinetics and Loading Rates During a Drop Countermovement Jump. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018; 48:34-43. [PMID: 29073841 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2018.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Cross-sectional laboratory study. Background Asymmetrical knee loading during jogging and hopping has been reported in individuals who have ruptured their Achilles tendon. No studies have examined knee loads in individuals post Achilles tendon rupture during high-demand tasks, such as single-limb landings. Objectives We sought to determine whether individuals post Achilles tendon rupture demonstrated asymmetrical knee loads and impact forces during drop countermovement jumps (CMJs). Methods Achilles tendon length and the single-leg heel-rise test for endurance were assessed in 34 individuals (31 male) 6.1 ± 2.0 years post Achilles tendon rupture. Movement patterns were assessed during a drop CMJ. Data were analyzed via repeated-measures analyses of variance, with comparisons between limbs and prior treatment history (surgery versus nonsurgery). Results An 8.6% longer Achilles tendon (P<.001) was found in the involved limb. During the single-leg heel-rise test, the involved limb demonstrated 22.4% less endurance and 14.6% lower heel-rise height (all, P<.001). During the landing phase of the drop CMJ, the involved limb exhibited 39.6% greater loading rate (P<.001), 16.8% greater eccentric knee power (P = .048), but 21.6% lower eccentric ankle power (P<.001). During the take-off phase, the involved limb exhibited 12.1% lower jump height and 19.9% lower concentric ankle power (both, P<.001). Conclusion Elevated eccentric knee joint power and higher loading rates during a drop CMJ in individuals who experienced Achilles tendon rupture several years earlier may be a compensation pattern for reduced plantar flexor function. This movement pattern may place individuals who have had an Achilles tendon rupture at greater risk for knee injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(1):34-43. Epub 26 Oct 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7684.
Collapse
|
12
|
Musculoskeletal Injuries and Regenerative Medicine in the Elderly Patient. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2017; 28:777-794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Primary mechanical factors contributing to foot eversion moment during the stance phase of running. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:898-905. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1201209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Hagen M, Lahner M, Winhuysen M, Maiwald C. Reliability of isometric subtalar pronator and supinator strength testing. J Foot Ankle Res 2015; 8:15. [PMID: 25908943 PMCID: PMC4407328 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-015-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the specific anatomy of the subtalar joint with its oblique axis, isometric pronator and supinator strength is not well documented. The purpose of this study was to determine intra- and between-session reliability of pronator and supinator strength and lower leg muscle activity measurements during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). METHODS Pronator and supinator peak torques (PT), with and without supplementary visual muscle strength biofeedback (FB), and muscular activities of peroneus longus (PL) and tibialis anterior (TA) were assessed twice 3 days apart by the same examiner in 21 healthy young male adults (mean age: 27.6 years; SD = 3.9). Limits of agreement (LoA) and minimum detectable change (MDC) were evaluated. RESULTS By applying FB, reliability of both pronator and supinator PT was improved: LoA were reduced from 32% to 26% and from 20% to 18% and MDC from 20% to 15% and from 16% to 12% in supinator and pronator PT, respectively. Learning effects in pronator and supinator PT (p < 0.05), which were present without FB, were eliminated using FB. Except for TA during pronation, muscle activities showed low reliability indicated by LoA of 51% to 79%. CONCLUSIONS Using supplementary biofeedback, isometric subtalar pronator and supinator strength testing is reliable in healthy subjects. LoA of 18% and 26% have to be exceeded for pronator and supinator PT, respectively, to detect relevant effects in repeated measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hagen
- />Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Sport and Movement Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbeckerstraße 182, Essen, 45141 Germany
| | - Matthias Lahner
- />Clinics for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital St. Joseph, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, Bochum, 44791 Germany
| | - Martin Winhuysen
- />Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Sport and Movement Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbeckerstraße 182, Essen, 45141 Germany
| | - Christian Maiwald
- />Department of Applied Human Movement Science, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09107 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rosen AB, Ko J, Simpson KJ, Kim SH, Brown CN. Lower Extremity Kinematics During a Drop Jump in Individuals With Patellar Tendinopathy. Orthop J Sports Med 2015; 3:2325967115576100. [PMID: 26665034 PMCID: PMC4622361 DOI: 10.1177/2325967115576100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common degenerative condition in physically active populations. Knowledge regarding the biomechanics of landing in populations with symptomatic PT is limited, but altered mechanics may play a role in the development or perpetuation of PT. Purpose: To identify whether study participants with PT exhibited different landing kinematics compared with healthy controls. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixty recreationally active participants took part in this study; 30 had current signs and symptoms of PT, including self-reported pain within the patellar tendon during loading activities for at least 3 months and ≤80 on the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Scale–Patella (VISA-P). Thirty healthy participants with no history of PT or other knee joint pathology were matched by sex, age, height, and weight. Participants completed 5 trials of a 40-cm, 2-legged drop jump followed immediately by a 50% maximum vertical jump. Dependent variables of interest included hip, knee, and ankle joint angles at initial ground contact, peak angles, and maximum angular displacements during the landing phase in 3 planes. Independent-samples t tests (P ≤ .05) were utilized to compare the joint angles and angular displacements between PT and control participants. Results: Individuals with PT displayed significantly decreased peak hip (PT, 59.2° ± 14.6°; control, 67.2° ± 13.9°; P = .03) and knee flexion angles (PT, 74.8° ± 13.2°; control, 82.5° ± 9.0°; P = .01) compared with control subjects. The PT group displayed decreased maximum angular displacement in the sagittal plane at the hip (PT, 49.3° ± 10.8°; control, 55.2° ± 11.4°; P = .04) and knee (PT, 71.6° ± 8.4°; control, 79.7° ± 8.3°; P < .001) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Participants with PT displayed decreased maximum flexion and angular displacement in the sagittal plane, at both the knee and the hip. The altered movement patterns in those with PT may be perpetuating symptoms associated with PT and could be due to the contributions of the rectus femoris during dynamic movement. Clinical Relevance: Based on kinematic alterations in symptomatic participants, rehabilitation efforts may benefit from focusing on both the knee and the hip to treat symptoms associated with PT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Rosen
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jupil Ko
- University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baltich J, Emery CA, Stefanyshyn D, Nigg BM. The effects of isolated ankle strengthening and functional balance training on strength, running mechanics, postural control and injury prevention in novice runners: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:407. [PMID: 25471989 PMCID: PMC4295291 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors have been proposed for running injuries including (a) reduced muscular strength, (b) excessive joint movements and (c) excessive joint moments in the frontal and transverse planes. To date, many running injury prevention programs have focused on a "top down" approach to strengthen the hip musculature in the attempt to reduce movements and moments at the hip, knee, and/or ankle joints. However, running mechanics did not change when hip muscle strength increased. It could be speculated that emphasis should be placed on increasing the strength of the ankle joint for a "ground up" approach. Strengthening of the large and small muscles crossing the ankle joint is assumed to change the force distribution for these muscles and to increase the use of smaller muscles. This would be associated with a reduction of joint and insertion forces, which could have a beneficial effect on injury prevention. However, training of the ankle joint as an injury prevention strategy has not been studied. Ankle strengthening techniques include isolated strengthening or movement-related strengthening such as functional balance training. There is little knowledge about the efficacy of such training programs on strength alteration, gait or injury reduction. METHODS/DESIGN Novice runners will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: an isolated ankle strengthening group (strength, n = 40), a functional balance training group (balance, n = 40) or an activity-matched control group (control, n = 40). Isokinetic strength will be measured using a Biodex System 3 dynamometer. Running kinematics and kinetics will be assessed using 3D motion analysis and a force platform. Postural control will be assessed by quantifying the magnitude and temporal structure of the center of pressure trace during single leg stance on a force platform. The change pre- and post-training in isokinetic strength, running mechanics, and postural control variables will be compared following the interventions. Injuries rates will be compared between groups over 6 months. DISCUSSION Avoiding injury will allow individuals to enjoy the benefits of participating in aerobic activities and reduce the healthcare costs associated with running injuries. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trial NCT01900262.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Baltich
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Excessive progression in weekly running distance and risk of running-related injuries: an association which varies according to type of injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014; 44:739-47. [PMID: 25155475 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2014.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An explorative, 1-year prospective cohort study. Objective To examine whether an association between a sudden change in weekly running distance and running-related injury varies according to injury type. BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that a sudden increase in running distance is strongly related to injury in runners. But the scientific knowledge supporting this assumption is limited. METHODS A volunteer sample of 874 healthy novice runners who started a self-structured running regimen were provided a global-positioning-system watch. After each running session during the study period, participants were categorized into 1 of the following exposure groups, based on the progression of their weekly running distance: less than 10% or regression, 10% to 30%, or more than 30%. The primary outcome was running-related injury. RESULTS A total of 202 runners sustained a running-related injury. Using Cox regression analysis, no statistically significant differences in injury rates were found across the 3 exposure groups. An increased rate of distance-related injuries (patellofemoral pain, iliotibial band syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, gluteus medius injury, greater trochanteric bursitis, injury to the tensor fascia latae, and patellar tendinopathy) existed in those who progressed their weekly running distance by more than 30% compared with those who progressed less than 10% (hazard ratio = 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 2.66; P = .07). CONCLUSION Novice runners who progressed their running distance by more than 30% over a 2-week period seem to be more vulnerable to distance-related injuries than runners who increase their running distance by less than 10%. Owing to the exploratory nature of the present study, randomized controlled trials are needed to verify these results, and more experimental studies are needed to validate the assumptions. Still, novice runners may be well advised to progress their weekly distances by less than 30% per week over a 2-week period.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lopes AD, Hespanhol LC, Yeung SS, Costa LOP. What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries? A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2013; 42:891-905. [PMID: 22827721 PMCID: PMC4269925 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal injuries occur frequently in runners and despite many studies about running injuries conducted over the past decades it is not clear in the literature what are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries (RRMIs). Objective The aim of this study is to systematically review studies on the incidence and prevalence of the main specific RRMIs. Methods An electronic database search was conducted using EMBASE (1947 to October 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2011), SPORTDiscus™ (1975 to October 2011), the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) [1982 to October 2011] and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) [1998 to October 2011] with no limits of date or language of publication. Articles that described the incidence or prevalence rates of RRMIs were considered eligible. Studies that reported only the type of injury, anatomical region or incomplete data that precluded interpretation of the incidence or prevalence rates of RRMIs were excluded. We extracted data regarding bibliometric characteristics, study design, description of the population of runners, RRMI definition, how the data of RRMIs were collected and the name of each RRMI with their rates of incidence or prevalence. Separate analysis for ultra-marathoners was performed. Among 2924 potentially eligible titles, eight studies (pooled n = 3500 runners) were considered eligible for the review. In general, the articles had moderate risk of bias and only one fulfilled less than half of the quality criteria established. Results A total of 28 RRMIs were found and the main general RRMIs were medial tibial stress syndrome (incidence ranging from 13.6% to 20.0%; prevalence of 9.5%), Achilles tendinopathy (incidence ranging from 9.1% to 10.9%; prevalence ranging from 6.2% to 9.5%) and plantar fasciitis (incidence ranging from 4.5% to 10.0%; prevalence ranging from 5.2% to 17.5%). The main ultra-marathon RRMIs were Achilles tendinopathy (prevalence ranging from 2.0% to 18.5%) and patellofemoral syndrome (prevalence ranging from 7.4% to 15.6%). Conclusion This systematic review provides evidence that medial tibia stress syndrome, Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis were the main general RRMIs, while Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral syndrome were the most common RRMIs for runners who participated in ultra-marathon races. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/BF03262301 and is accessible for authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dias Lopes
- />São Paulo Running Injury Group (SPRunIG), São Paulo, Brazil
- />Masters in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo-UNICID, Rua Cesário Galeno, 448/475, São Paulo, SP — CEP: 03071-000 Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Hespanhol
- />São Paulo Running Injury Group (SPRunIG), São Paulo, Brazil
- />Masters in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo-UNICID, Rua Cesário Galeno, 448/475, São Paulo, SP — CEP: 03071-000 Brazil
| | - Simon S. Yeung
- />Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa
- />São Paulo Running Injury Group (SPRunIG), São Paulo, Brazil
- />Masters in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo-UNICID, Rua Cesário Galeno, 448/475, São Paulo, SP — CEP: 03071-000 Brazil
- />Musculoskeletal Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lavagnino M, Arnoczky SP, Dodds J, Elvin N. Infrapatellar Straps Decrease Patellar Tendon Strain at the Site of the Jumper's Knee Lesion: A Computational Analysis Based on Radiographic Measurements. Sports Health 2012; 3:296-302. [PMID: 23016021 PMCID: PMC3445162 DOI: 10.1177/1941738111403108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impetus for the use of patellar straps in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy has largely been based on empirical evidence and not on any mechanistic rationale. A computational model suggests that patellar tendinopathy may be a result of high localized tendon strains that occur at smaller patella-patellar tendon angles (PPTAs). HYPOTHESIS Infrapatellar straps will decrease the mean localized computational strain in the area of the patellar tendon commonly involved in jumper's knee by increasing the PPTA. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Twenty adult males had lateral weightbearing and nonweightbearing radiographs of their knees taken with and without 1 of 2 infrapatellar straps at 60° of knee flexion. Morphologic measurements of PPTA and patellar tendon length with and without the straps were used as input data into a previously described computational model to calculate average and maximum strain at the common location of the jumper's knee lesion during a simulated jump landing. RESULTS The infrapatellar bands decreased the predicted localized strain (average and maximum) in the majority of participants by increasing PPTA and/or decreasing patellar tendon length. When both PPTA and patellar tendon length were altered by the straps, there was a strong and significant correlation with the change in predicted average localized strain with both straps. CONCLUSION Infrapatellar straps may limit excessive patella tendon strain at the site of the jumper's knee lesion by increasing PPTA and decreasing patellar tendon length rather than by correcting some inherent anatomic or functional abnormality in the extensor apparatus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of infrapatellar straps may help prevent excessive localized tendon strains at the site of the jumper's knee lesion during a jump landing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lavagnino
- Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Foch E, Milner CE. Lower extremity joint position sense in runners with and without a history of knee overuse injury. Gait Posture 2012; 36:557-60. [PMID: 22698704 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Kinematic and kinetic analyses are routinely implemented to determine if gait differences exist between runners with and without a history of knee injury. Hip and knee kinematic differences have been reported between knee injured and non-injured runners. Yet, there is no consensus on whether these differences are the primary variables contributing to knee injury. Furthermore, there may be additional underlying factors that contribute to the development of injury that cannot be determined by gait analysis. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if joint position sense differences exist in runners with and without a history of knee overuse injury. Sagittal plane knee and hip joint position sense was measured in 13 runners with a history of knee overuse injury and 13 runners with no history of knee overuse injury. Absolute joint position replication error was measured during both a weight bearing and a non-weight bearing condition. Joint position replication errors at each joint were compared among groups and task using a two-way ANOVA with joint task as the repeated measure. Knee and hip joint replication errors were similar between both groups. The weight bearing and non-weight bearing tasks resulted in similar joint position replication errors. There were no interaction effects. In conclusion, knee flexion and hip adduction joint position sense is similar in runners with and without a history of knee overuse injury. Therefore, joint position sense measured via weight bearing and non-weight bearing joint position replication tasks may not play an important role in the development of knee overuse injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Foch
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996- 2700, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nilsson MK, Friis R, Michaelsen MS, Jakobsen PA, Nielsen RO. Classification of the height and flexibility of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. J Foot Ankle Res 2012; 5:3. [PMID: 22340625 PMCID: PMC3354337 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1146-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of developing injuries during standing work may vary between persons with different foot types. High arched and low arched feet, as well as rigid and flexible feet, are considered to have different injury profiles, while those with normal arches may sustain fewer injuries. However, the cut-off values for maximum values (subtalar position during weight-bearing) and range of motion (ROM) values (difference between subtalar neutral and subtalar resting position in a weight-bearing condition) for the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify cut-off values for maximum values and ROM of the MLA of the foot during static tests and to identify factors influencing foot posture. METHODS The participants consisted of 254 volunteers from Central and Northern Denmark (198 m/56 f; age 39.0 ± 11.7 years; BMI 27.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2). Navicular height (NH), longitudinal arch angle (LAA) and Feiss line (FL) were measured for either the left or the right foot in a subtalar neutral position and subtalar resting position. Maximum values and ROM were calculated for each test. The 95% and 68% prediction intervals were used as cut-off limits. Multiple regression analysis was used to detect influencing factors on foot posture. RESULTS The 68% cut-off values for maximum MLA values and MLA ROM for NH were 3.6 to 5.5 cm and 0.6 to 1.8 cm, respectively, without taking into account the influence of other variables. Normal maximum LAA values were between 131 and 152° and normal LAA ROM was between -1 and 13°. Normal maximum FL values were between -2.6 and -1.2 cm and normal FL ROM was between -0.1 and 0.9 cm. Results from the multivariate linear regression revealed an association between foot size with FL, LAA, and navicular drop. CONCLUSIONS The cut-off values presented in this study can be used to categorize people performing standing work into groups of different foot arch types. The results of this study are important for investigating a possible link between arch height and arch movement and the development of injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikke Friis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Thy- Mors Center of Head, Orthopaedics and Heart, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen
- Orthopaedic Surgery Research Unit, The Head, Ortho and Heart Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reinking M. Tendinopathy in athletes. Phys Ther Sport 2011; 13:3-10. [PMID: 22261424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overuse related tendon pain is a significant problem in sport and can interfere with and, in some instances, end an athletic career. This article includes a consideration of the biology of tendon pain including a review of tendon anatomy and histopathology, risk factors for tendon pain, semantics of tendon pathology, and the pathogenesis of tendon pain. Evidence is presented to guide the physical therapist in clinical decision-making regarding the examination of and intervention strategies for athletes with tendon pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Reinking
- Saint Louis University, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, 3437 Caroline Mall, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grau S, Krauss I, Maiwald C, Axmann D, Horstmann T, Best R. Kinematic classification of iliotibial band syndrome in runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21:184-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Edwards S, Steele JR, McGhee DE, Beattie S, Purdam C, Cook JL. Landing strategies of athletes with an asymptomatic patellar tendon abnormality. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 42:2072-80. [PMID: 20386336 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181e0550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk factors associated with a clinical presentation of patellar tendinopathy are patellar tendon ultrasonographic abnormality (PTA) and excessive loading. It remains unknown whether characteristics of an athlete's landing technique contribute to this excessive patellar tendon loading. This study investigated whether asymptomatic athletes with and without PTA had different landing strategies and hypothesized that asymptomatic athletes with a PTA would create higher patellar tendon loading and a different lower-limb landing strategy compared with athletes with normal patellar tendons. METHODS Seven athletes with no previous history or clinical signs of patellar tendon injury with a PTA were matched to athletes with normal patellar tendons (controls). Participants performed five successful trials of a stop-jump task, which involved a simultaneous two-foot horizontal and then vertical landing. During each trial, the participants' ground reaction forces and lower-limb electromyographic data were recorded, the three-dimensional kinematics measured, and the peak patellar tendon force calculated by dividing the net knee joint moment by the patellar tendon moment arm. RESULTS Significant between-group differences in landing technique were mostly observed during the horizontal landing phase. Participants with a PTA created similar patellar tendon loading to the controls, but with altered sequencing, by landing with significantly greater knee flexion and extending their hips while the controls flexed their hips as they landed, reflecting a different muscle recruitment order compared with the PTA group. CONCLUSIONS The crucial part in the development of PTA and, in turn, patellar tendinopathy may not be the magnitude of the patellar tendon load but rather the loading patterns. This research provides clinicians with important landing assessment criteria against which to identify athletes at risk of developing patellar tendinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzi Edwards
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lower and Upper Extremity Loading in Nordic Walking in Comparison with Walking and Running. J Appl Biomech 2011; 27:22-31. [DOI: 10.1123/jab.27.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nordic walking (NW) was compared with walking (W) and running (R) with respect to upper and lower limb injury risks. 24 NW-instructors performed W, NW, and R trials on a runway covered with artificial turf at controlled speeds. Foot pronation and ground reaction forces were measured as well as shock wave transmission to the right wrist. Comparison of NW and W shows similar results for all of the four chosen velocities (5 km/h, 7 km/h, 8 km/h, 8.5 km/h). Except for the 2nd peak of the vertical ground reaction force, NW results in higher loading rates and horizontal forces as well as higher pronation and pronation velocity values as compared with W. Wrist acceleration values up to 7.6 times gravitational acceleration were recorded in NW. Compared with R at the same speeds (8 km/h and 8.5 km/h), NW can be recommended as low impact sport with 36% lower loading rates and 59% lower pronation velocities. However, the high wrist accelerations in NW reveal that the upper extremities are exposed to considerable repetitive shocks, which may cause overuse injuries of the upper extremities. Thus, additional preventive exercises for the upper limb muscles are recommended as well as using shock absorbing walking poles.
Collapse
|
26
|
Krauss I, List R, Janssen P, Maiwald C, Grau S, Horstmann T, Stacoff A. Comparison of distinctive gait variables using two different biomechanical models for ankle joint kinematics. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19424281003772971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
27
|
Krauss I, Valiant G, Horstmann T, Grau S. Comparison of Female Foot Morphology and Last Design in Athletic Footwear—Are Men's Lasts Appropriate for Women? Res Sports Med 2010; 18:140-56. [PMID: 20397116 DOI: 10.1080/15438621003627216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Krauss
- a Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gordon Valiant
- b Nike Sports Research Laboratory , Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas Horstmann
- a Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
- c Medical Park Bad Wiessee Gmb H & Co. , Bad Wiessee, Germany
| | - Stefan Grau
- a Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|