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Casalin I, Ceneri E, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear Phospholipids and Signaling: An Update of the Story. Cells 2024; 13:713. [PMID: 38667329 PMCID: PMC11048846 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, the presence of phospholipids in the nucleus has been shown and thoroughly investigated. A considerable amount of interest has been raised about nuclear inositol lipids, mainly because of their role in signaling acting. Here, we review the main issues of nuclear phospholipid localization and the role of nuclear inositol lipids and their related enzymes in cellular signaling, both in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (E.C.); (S.R.); (L.M.); (M.Y.F.)
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2
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Chen C, Liu Y, Shen Y, Zhu L, Yao L, Wang X, Zhang A, Li J, Wu J, Qin L. Rosmarinic acid, the active component of Rubi Fructus, induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 and HepG2 cells through mitochondrial pathway and exerts anti-tumor effect. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3743-3755. [PMID: 37338574 PMCID: PMC10643355 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a well-known phenolic acid widely present in over 160 species of herbal plants and known to exhibit anti-tumor effects on breast, prostate, and colon cancers in vitro. However, its effect and mechanism in gastric cancer and liver cancer are unclear. Moreover, there is no RA report yet in the chemical constituents of Rubi Fructus (RF). In this study, RA was isolated from RF for the first time, and the effect and mechanism of RA on gastric and liver cancers were evaluated using SGC-7901 and HepG2 cells models. The cells were treated with different concentrations of RA (50, 75, and 100 μg/mL) for 48 h, and the effect of RA on cell proliferation was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The effect of RA on cell morphology and mobility was observed by inverted fluorescence microscopy, cell apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 was detected by western blotting. The results revealed that, with an increase in the RA concentration, the cell viability, mobility, and Bcl-2 expression decreased, while the apoptosis rate, Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase-3 expression increased, and SGC-7901 and HepG2 cells could be induced to arrest their cell cycle in the G0/G1 and S phases, respectively. These results together indicate that RA can induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 and HepG2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Thus, this study supplements the material basis of the anti-tumor activity of RF and provides an insight into the potential mechanism of RA-inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells and liver cancer HepG2 cells, thereby facilitating further developmental studies on and the utilization of the anti-tumor activity of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lumeng Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Anna Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
| | - Luping Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
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3
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Wu YN, Su X, Wang XQ, Liu NN, Xu ZW. The roles of phospholipase C-β related signals in the proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of malignant tumors, and the corresponding protective measures. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1231875. [PMID: 37576896 PMCID: PMC10419273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1231875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PLC-β is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and is the key enzyme in phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathway. The cellular functions regulated by its four subtypes (PLC-β1, PLC-β2, PLC-β3, PLC-β4) play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of organism. PLC-β and its related signals can promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of cancer by affecting the growth, differentiation and metastasis of cells, while targeted intervention of PLC-β1-PI3K-AKT, PLC-β2/CD133, CXCR2-NHERF1-PLC-β3, Gαq-PLC-β4-PKC-MAPK and so on can provide new strategies for the precise prevention and treatment of malignant tumors. This paper reviews the mechanism of PLC-β in various tumor cells from four aspects: proliferation and differentiation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nuo Wu
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Su
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na-Na Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhou-Wei Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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4
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Elahi AH, Morales CS, Xu XL, Eliades A, Patsalis PC, Abramson DH, Jhanwar SC. `Targeted pharmacologic inhibition of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) mediated cell cycle regulation in lung and other RB-Related cancers: A brief review of current status and future prospects. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 88:100964. [PMID: 37004354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) often exhibits Rb deficiency, TRβ and p130 deletion, and SKP2 amplification, suggesting TRβ inactivation and SKP2 activation. It is reported that SKP2 targeted therapy is effective in some cancers in vitro and in vivo, but it is not reported for the treatment of SCLC and retinoblastoma. SKP2 is the synthetic lethal gene in SCLC and retinoblastoma, so SKP2 can be used for targeted therapy in SCLC and retinoblastoma. RB1 knockout mice develop several kinds of tumors, but Rb1 and SKP2 double knockout mice are healthy, suggesting that SKP2 targeted therapy may have significant effects on Rb deficient cancers with less side effects, and if successful in SCLC and retinoblastoma in vitro and in animal model, such compounds may be promising for the clinical treatment of SCLC, retinoblastoma, and variety of Rb deficient cancers. Previously our studies showed that retinoblastomas exhibit retinal cone precursor properties and depend on cone-specific thyroid hormone receptor β2 (TRβ2) and SKP2 signaling. In this study, we sought to suppress SCLC and retinoblastoma cell growth by SKP2 inhibitors as a prelude to targeted therapy in vitro and in vivo. We knocked down TRβ2 and SKP2 or over-expressed p27 in SCLC and retinoblastoma cell lines to investigate SKP2 and p27 signaling alterations. The SCLC cell lines H209 as well as retinoblastoma cell lines Y79, WERI, and RB177 were treated with SKP2 inhibitor C1 at different concentrations, following which Western blotting, Immunostaining, and cell cycle kinetics studies were performed to study SKP2 and p27 expression ubiquitination, to determine impact on cell cycle regulation and growth inhibition. TRβ2 knockdown in Y79, RB177 and H209 caused SKP2 downregulation and degradation, p27 up-regulation, and S phase arrest, whereas, SKP2 knockdown or p27 over-expression caused p27 accumulation and G1-S phase arrest. In the cell lines Y79, WERI, RB177, and H209 treatment with C1 caused SKP2 ubiquitination and degradation, p27 de-ubiquitination and accumulation, and cell growth arrest. SKP2 inhibitor C1 significantly suppressed retinoblastoma as well as SCLC cell growth by SKP2 degradation and p27 accumulation. In vivo study also showed inhibition of tumor growth with C1 treatment. Potential limitations of the success of such a therapeutic approach and its translational application in human primary tumors, and alternative approaches to overcome such limitations are briefly discussed for the treatment of retinoblastoma, SCLC and other RB-related cancers.
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5
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Renfro Z, White BE, Stephens KE. CCAAT enhancer binding protein gamma (C/EBP-γ): An understudied transcription factor. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 84:100861. [PMID: 35121409 PMCID: PMC9376885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors are important transcriptional mediators of a wide range of physiologic processes. C/EBP-γ is the shortest C/EBP protein and lacks a canonical activation domain for the recruitment of transcriptional machinery. Despite its ubiquitous expression and ability to dimerize with other C/EBP proteins, C/EBP-γ has been studied far less than other C/EBP proteins, and, to our knowledge, no review of its functions has been written. This review seeks to integrate the current knowledge about C/EBP-γ and its physiologic roles, especially in cell proliferation, the integrated stress response, oncogenesis, hematopoietic and nervous system development, and metabolism, as well as to identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Renfro
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Mail slot 512-47, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
| | - Bryan E White
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Mail slot 512-47, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
| | - Kimberly E Stephens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Mail slot 512-47, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
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6
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Uysal O, Abed-Elmdoust A, Rahimi R, Farahmand Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the deleterious effects of 6-dimethylaminopurine on bovine embryonic development. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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de Azevedo-Martins AC, Ocaña K, de Souza W, de Vasconcelos ATR, Teixeira MMG, Camargo EP, Alves JMP, Motta MCM. The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010041. [PMID: 35055989 PMCID: PMC8779180 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiosis in trypanosomatids is a mutualistic relationship characterized by extensive metabolic exchanges between the bacterium and the protozoan. The symbiotic bacterium can complete host essential metabolic pathways, such as those for heme, amino acid, and vitamin production. Experimental assays indicate that the symbiont acquires phospholipids from the host trypanosomatid, especially phosphatidylcholine, which is often present in bacteria that have a close association with eukaryotic cells. In this work, an in-silico study was performed to find genes involved in the glycerophospholipid (GPL) production of Symbiont Harboring Trypanosomatids (SHTs) and their respective bacteria, also extending the search for trypanosomatids that naturally do not have symbionts. Results showed that most genes for GPL synthesis are only present in the SHT. The bacterium has an exclusive sequence related to phosphatidylglycerol production and contains genes for phosphatidic acid production, which may enhance SHT phosphatidic acid production. Phylogenetic data did not indicate gene transfers from the bacterium to the SHT nucleus, proposing that enzymes participating in GPL route have eukaryotic characteristics. Taken together, our data indicate that, differently from other metabolic pathways described so far, the symbiont contributes little to the production of GPLs and acquires most of these molecules from the SHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan C. de Azevedo-Martins
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, RJ, Brazil; (A.C.d.A.-M.); (W.d.S.)
| | - Kary Ocaña
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petropolis 25600-000, RJ, Brazil; (K.O.); (A.T.R.d.V.)
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, RJ, Brazil; (A.C.d.A.-M.); (W.d.S.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marta M. G. Teixeira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.M.G.T.); (E.P.C.)
| | - Erney P. Camargo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.M.G.T.); (E.P.C.)
| | - João M. P. Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.M.G.T.); (E.P.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.A.); (M.C.M.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina M. Motta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, RJ, Brazil; (A.C.d.A.-M.); (W.d.S.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.A.); (M.C.M.M.)
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8
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Ratti S, Rusciano I, Mongiorgi S, Owusu Obeng E, Cappellini A, Teti G, Falconi M, Talozzi L, Capellari S, Bartoletti-Stella A, Guaraldi P, Cortelli P, Suh PG, Cocco L, Manzoli L, Ramazzotti G. Cell signaling pathways in autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD): the intriguing role of the astrocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2781-2795. [PMID: 33034697 PMCID: PMC8004488 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a rare fatal neurodegenerative disorder with overexpression of the nuclear lamina component, Lamin B1 due to LMNB1 gene duplication or deletions upstream of the gene. The molecular mechanisms responsible for driving the onset and development of this pathology are not clear yet. Vacuolar demyelination seems to be one of the most significant histopathological observations of ADLD. Considering the role of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-activated signaling pathways in the myelination processes, this work aims to analyze the specific alterations in different cell populations from patients with LMNB1 duplications and engineered cellular models overexpressing Lamin B1 protein. Our results point out, for the first time, that astrocytes may be pivotal in the evolution of the disease. Indeed, cells from ADLD patients and astrocytes overexpressing LMNB1 show severe ultrastructural nuclear alterations, not present in oligodendrocytes overexpressing LMNB1. Moreover, the accumulation of Lamin B1 in astrocytes induces a reduction in LIF and in LIF-Receptor (LIF-R) levels with a consequential decrease in LIF secretion. Therefore, in both our cellular models, Jak/Stat3 and PI3K/Akt axes, downstream of LIF/LIF-R, are downregulated. Significantly, the administration of exogenous LIF can partially reverse the toxic effects induced by Lamin B1 accumulation with differences between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, highlighting that LMNB1 overexpression drastically affects astrocytic function reducing their fundamental support to oligodendrocytes in the myelination process. In addition, inflammation has also been investigated, showing an increased activation in ADLD patients' cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eric Owusu Obeng
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Teti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lia Talozzi
- Functional MR Unit, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC NeuroMet, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Guaraldi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC NeuroMet, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC NeuroMet, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Rusciano I, Marvi MV, Owusu Obeng E, Mongiorgi S, Ramazzotti G, Follo MY, Zoli M, Morandi L, Asioli S, Fabbri VP, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Ratti S. Location-dependent role of phospholipase C signaling in the brain: Physiology and pathology. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 79:100771. [PMID: 33303387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) are a class of enzymes involved in the phosphatidylinositol metabolism, which is implicated in the activation of several signaling pathways and which controls several cellular processes. The scientific community has long accepted the existence of a nuclear phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism, independent from the cytoplasmic one, critical in nuclear function control. Indeed, nuclear PIs are involved in many activities, such as cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, membrane transport, gene expression and cytoskeletal dynamics. There are several types of PIs and enzymes implicated in brain activities and among these enzymes, PI-PLCs contribute to a specific and complex network in the developing nervous system. Moreover, considering the abundant presence of PI-PLCβ1, PI-PLCγ1 and PI-PLCβ4 in the brain, a specific role for each PLC subtype has been suggested in the control of neuronal activity, which is important for synapse function, development and other mechanisms. The focus of this review is to describe the latest research about the involvement of PI-PLC signaling in the nervous system, both physiologically and in pathological conditions. Indeed, PI-PLC signaling imbalance seems to be also linked to several brain disorders including epilepsy, movement and behavior disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and, in addition, some PI-PLC subtypes could become potential novel signature genes for high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rusciano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eric Owusu Obeng
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoli
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Diseases - Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna), Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Functional MR Unit, Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, U.O.C. Anatomia Patologica, AUSL, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viscardo Paolo Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Champeyroux C, Stoof C, Rodriguez-Villalon A. Signaling phospholipids in plant development: small couriers determining cell fate. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:61-71. [PMID: 32771964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The survival of plants hinges on their ability to perceive various environmental stimuli and translate them into appropriate biochemical responses. Phospholipids, a class of membrane lipid compounds that are asymmetrically distributed within plant cells, stand out among signal transmitters for their diversity of mechanisms by which they modulate stress and developmental processes. By modifying the chemo-physical properties of the plasma membrane (PM) as well as vesicle trafficking, phospholipids contribute to changes in the protein membrane landscape, and hence, signaling responses. In this article, we review the distinct signaling mechanisms phospholipids are involved in, with a special focus on the nuclear role of these compounds. Additionally, we summarize exemplary developmental processes greatly influenced by phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Champeyroux
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stoof
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antia Rodriguez-Villalon
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Cappellini A, Mongiorgi S, Finelli C, Fazio A, Ratti S, Marvi MV, Curti A, Salvestrini V, Pellagatti A, Billi AM, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Boultwood J, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Phospholipase C beta1 (PI-PLCbeta1)/Cyclin D3/protein kinase C (PKC) alpha signaling modulation during iron-induced oxidative stress in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). FASEB J 2020; 34:15400-15416. [PMID: 32959428 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000933rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MDS are characterized by anemia and transfusion requirements. Transfused patients frequently show iron overload that negatively affects hematopoiesis. Iron chelation therapy can be effective in these MDS cases, but the molecular consequences of this treatment need to be further investigated. That is why we studied the molecular features of iron effect and Deferasirox therapy on PI-PLCbeta1 inositide signaling, using hematopoietic cells and MDS samples. At baseline, MDS patients showing a positive response after iron chelation therapy displayed higher levels of PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression. During treatment, these responder patients, as well as hematopoietic cells treated with FeCl3 and Deferasirox, showed a specific reduction of PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression, indicating that this signaling pathway is targeted by Deferasirox. The treatment was also able to specifically decrease the production of ROS. This effect correlated with a reduction of IL-1A and IL-2, as well as Akt/mTOR phosphorylation. In contrast, cells exposed only to FeCl3 and cells from MDS patients refractory to Deferasirox showed a specific increase of ROS and PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression. All in all, our data show that PI-PLCbeta1 signaling is a target for iron-induced oxidative stress and suggest that baseline PI-PLCbeta1 quantification could predict iron chelation therapy response in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cappellini
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Subcellular Localization Relevance and Cancer-Associated Mechanisms of Diacylglycerol Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155297. [PMID: 32722576 PMCID: PMC7432101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of reports suggests a significant involvement of the phosphoinositide (PI) cycle in cancer development and progression. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are very active in the PI cycle. They are a family of ten members that convert diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid (PA), two-second messengers with versatile cellular functions. Notably, some DGK isoforms, such as DGKα, have been reported to possess promising therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. However, further studies are needed in order to better comprehend their involvement in cancer. In this review, we highlight that DGKs are an essential component of the PI cycle that localize within several subcellular compartments, including the nucleus and plasma membrane, together with their PI substrates and that they are involved in mediating major cancer cell mechanisms such as growth and metastasis. DGKs control cancer cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis by regulating Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. In addition, some DGKs control cancer cell migration by regulating the activities of the Rho GTPases Rac1 and RhoA.
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13
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Liu CS, Schmezer P, Popanda O. Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha in Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Potential as a Predictive Marker or Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2020; 10:737. [PMID: 32477950 PMCID: PMC7235333 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an efficient tool in cancer treatment, but it brings along the risk of side effects such as fibrosis in the irradiated healthy tissue thus limiting tumor control and impairing quality of life of cancer survivors. Knowledge on radiation-related fibrosis risk and therapeutic options is still limited and requires further research. Recent studies demonstrated that epigenetic regulation of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKA) is associated with radiation-induced fibrosis. However, the specific mechanisms are still unknown. In this review, we scrutinized the role of DGKA in the radiation response and in further cellular functions to show the potential of DGKA as a predictive marker or a novel target in fibrosis treatment. DGKA was reported to participate in immune response, lipid signaling, exosome production, and migration as well as cell proliferation, all processes which are suggested to be critical steps in fibrogenesis. Most of these functions are based on the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA) at plasma membranes, but DGKA might have also other, yet not well-known functions in the nucleus. Current evidence summarized here underlines that DGKA activation may play a central role in fibrosis formation post-irradiation and shows a potential of direct DGKA inhibitors or epigenetic modulators to attenuate pro-fibrotic reactions, thus providing novel therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shan Liu
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Jhanwar SC, Xu XL, Elahi AH, Abramson DH. Cancer genomics of lung cancer including malignant mesothelioma: A brief overview of current status and future prospects. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100723. [PMID: 32992231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer as a genetic disease is by now well recognized. Genomic analysis of cancer cells, therefore, has greatly enhanced our ability to identify genetic alterations associated with various cancer types, including both lympho-hematopoietic as well as solid tumors. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), based on the specific diagnostic genetic abnormality has served as a prototype disease to clearly demonstrate the significance of the genomic analysis of cancer in identifying targeted therapy. Such a success has provided extra ordinary opportunities to investigate the role of genetic abnormalities and the pathways amenable to targeted therapy, not only in blood cancers but solid tumors such as Lung, Brain, Colon, Renal, Breast cancers as well as other epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. The main focus of this presentation is to illustrate the role of genomic analysis in targeting lung cancer, based on abnormalities or the pathways deregulated in tumor cells from individual patients. Lung cancer is one of the most common epithelial cancers associated with chronic inflammation due to cigarette smoking and other environmental carcinogens, and includes four distinct histologic type; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and squamous cell lung cancer. According to current estimates, 1.3 million cases of lung cancer are expected to be diagnosed worldwide annually, resulting in one million deaths. Since the discovery that patient's tumors with specific mutations in the EGFR may be sensitive to targeted therapeutic approach and the subsequent realization that the such mutations in the gene are not as prevalent, several cancer centers including ours initiated intense efforts to find other mutations or genomic alterations, which may serve as targets of specific therapy. Such efforts have successfully resulted in a battery of genes such as KRAS, ALK, C-MET, HER-2/neu, ROS1, etc., which have helped oncologists to triage the patients for personalized therapies. A significant proportion of patients with lung cancer, however, do not show any of the above genetic abnormalities. Approximately 90% of lung cancers exhibit RB1 mutation/deletion and or KRAS mutations, therefore, the signaling pathways, which regulate multistep tumorigenesis in lung cancer, are important for the treatment of histologic subtypes of lung cancer, which includes NSCLC & SCLC. Equally important was the findings that similar signaling pathways are also shared by other solid tumor types. We have investigated the role of these pathways to target these cancers and develop new strategies to treat lung, brain and related cancers. In addition, our translational studies in other tumor types such as NF2 related malignancies, specifically, Malignant Mesothelioma (MM), in which NF2 related pathway amenable to targeted therapies was identified. Selected examples representing experimental approaches will be discussed to illustrate the critical role of translational research in developing novel therapeutics for the successful and durable responses in some of these cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Jhanwar
- Departments of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275, York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xiaoliang Leon Xu
- Departments of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275, York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abul H Elahi
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - David H Abramson
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275, York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Owusu Obeng E, Rusciano I, Marvi MV, Fazio A, Ratti S, Follo MY, Xian J, Manzoli L, Billi AM, Mongiorgi S, Ramazzotti G, Cocco L. Phosphoinositide-Dependent Signaling in Cancer: A Focus on Phospholipase C Isozymes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072581. [PMID: 32276377 PMCID: PMC7177890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PI) form just a minor portion of the total phospholipid content in cells but are significantly involved in cancer development and progression. In several cancer types, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] play significant roles in regulating survival, proliferation, invasion, and growth of cancer cells. Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) catalyze the generation of the essential second messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (InsP3) by hydrolyzing PtdIns(4,5)P2. DAG and InsP3 regulate Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation and the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol, respectively. This event leads to the control of several important biological processes implicated in cancer. PLCs have been extensively studied in cancer but their regulatory roles in the oncogenic process are not fully understood. This review aims to provide up-to-date knowledge on the involvement of PLCs in cancer. We focus specifically on PLCβ, PLCγ, PLCδ, and PLCε isoforms due to the numerous evidence of their involvement in various cancer types.
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16
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Ratti S, Mongiorgi S, Rusciano I, Manzoli L, Follo MY. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and phospholipase C-beta signalling: Roles and possible interactions in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Nuclear Inositides and Inositide-Dependent Signaling Pathways in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030697. [PMID: 32178280 PMCID: PMC7140618 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies characterized by peripheral blood cytopenia and abnormal myeloproliferation, as well as a variable risk of evolution into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The nucleus is a highly organized organelle with several distinct domains where nuclear inositides localize to mediate essential cellular events. Nuclear inositides play a critical role in the modulation of erythropoiesis or myelopoiesis. Here, we briefly review the nuclear structure, the localization of inositides and their metabolic enzymes in subnuclear compartments, and the molecular aspects of nuclear inositides in MDS.
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18
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Yin N, Liu Y, Murray NR, Fields AP. Oncogenic protein kinase Cι signaling mechanisms in lung cancer: Implications for improved therapeutic strategies. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100656. [PMID: 31623973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein Kinase Cι (PKCι) is a major oncogene involved in the initiation, maintenance and progression of numerous forms of human cancer. In the lung, PKCι is necessary for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype of the two major forms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In addition, PKCι is necessary for both LADC and LSCC tumorigenesis by establishing and maintaining a highly aggressive stem-like, tumor-initiating cell phenotype. Interestingly however, while PKCι signaling in these two major lung cancer subtypes shares some common elements, it also drives distinct, sub-type specific pathways. Furthermore, recent analysis has revealed both PKCι-dependent and PKCι-independent pathways to LADC development. Herein, we discussion our current knowledge of oncogenic PKCι signaling in LADC and LSCC, and discuss these findings in the context of how they may inform strategies for improved therapeutic intervention in these deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- From the Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- From the Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Nicole R Murray
- From the Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- From the Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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19
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Nuclear Phosphoinositides-Versatile Regulators of Genome Functions. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070649. [PMID: 31261688 PMCID: PMC6678639 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The many functions of phosphoinositides in cytosolic signaling were extensively studied; however, their activities in the cell nucleus are much less clear. In this review, we summarize data about their nuclear localization and metabolism, and review the available literature on their involvements in chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and RNA processing. We discuss the molecular mechanisms via which nuclear phosphoinositides, in particular phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), modulate nuclear processes. We focus on PI(4,5)P2’s role in the modulation of RNA polymerase I activity, and functions of the nuclear lipid islets—recently described nucleoplasmic PI(4,5)P2-rich compartment involved in RNA polymerase II transcription. In conclusion, the high impact of the phosphoinositide–protein complexes on nuclear organization and genome functions is only now emerging and deserves further thorough studies.
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20
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Ramazzotti G, Ratti S, Fiume R, Follo MY, Billi AM, Rusciano I, Owusu Obeng E, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Faenza I. Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase Signaling in Human Stem Cells from Reprogramming to Differentiation: A Tale in Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Compartments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082026. [PMID: 31022972 PMCID: PMC6514809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to several different cell types and can self-renew. Given their ability to differentiate into different lineages, stem cells retain huge therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. Therefore, the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in stem cell pluripotency maintenance and differentiation has a paramount importance in order to understand these biological processes and to develop therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) since its signaling pathway regulates many cellular processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, survival, and cellular transformation. Precisely, in human stem cells, the PI3K cascade is involved in different processes from pluripotency and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming to mesenchymal and oral mesenchymal differentiation, through different and interconnected mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Yung Follo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eric Owusu Obeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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21
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Response of high-risk MDS to azacitidine and lenalidomide is impacted by baseline and acquired mutations in a cluster of three inositide-specific genes. Leukemia 2019; 33:2276-2290. [PMID: 30787430 PMCID: PMC6733710 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Specific myeloid-related and inositide-specific gene mutations can be linked to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) pathogenesis and therapy. Here, 44 higher-risk MDS patients were treated with azacitidine and lenalidomide and mutations analyses were performed at baseline and during the therapy. Results were then correlated to clinical outcome, overall survival (OS), leukemia-free-survival (LFS) and response to therapy. Collectively, 34/44 patients were considered evaluable for response, with an overall response rate of 76.25% (26/34 cases): 17 patients showed a durable response, 9 patients early lost response and 8 patients never responded. The most frequently mutated genes were ASXL1, TET2, RUNX1, and SRSF2. All patients early losing response, as well as cases never responding, acquired the same 3 point mutations during therapy, affecting respectively PIK3CD (D133E), AKT3 (D280G), and PLCG2 (Q548R) genes, that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed that this mutated cluster was significantly associated with a shorter OS, LFS, and duration of response. All in all, a common mutated cluster affecting 3 inositide-specific genes is significantly associated with loss of response to azacitidine and lenalidomide therapy in higher risk MDS. Further studies are warranted to confirm these data and to further analyze the functional role of this 3-gene cluster.
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22
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Follo MY, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Mongiorgi S, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Cocco L. Inositide-Dependent Nuclear Signalling in Health and Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 259:291-308. [PMID: 31889219 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear inositides have a specific subcellular distribution that is linked to specific functions; thus their regulation is fundamental both in health and disease. Emerging evidence shows that alterations in multiple inositide signalling pathways are involved in pathophysiology, not only in cancer but also in other diseases. Here, we give an overview of the main features of inositides in the cell, and we discuss their potential as new molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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23
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Ramazzotti G, Fiume R, Chiarini F, Campana G, Ratti S, Billi AM, Manzoli L, Follo MY, Suh PG, McCubrey J, Cocco L, Faenza I. Phospholipase C-β1 interacts with cyclin E in adipose- derived stem cells osteogenic differentiation. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:1-9. [PMID: 30420274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into several cell types, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neural cells. Given their easy accessibility and abundance, they became an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as candidates for developing new treatments for reconstructive medicine and tissue engineering. Our study identifies a new signaling pathway that promotes ADSCs osteogenic differentiation and links the lipid signaling enzyme phospholipase C (PLC)-β1 to the expression of the cell cycle protein cyclin E. During osteogenic differentiation, PLC-β1 expression varies concomitantly with cyclin E expression and the two proteins interact. These findings contribute to clarify the pathways involved in osteogenic differentiation and provide evidence to develop therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics - Bologna Unit, c/o Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1-10, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Campana
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Gill Suh
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Lucio Cocco
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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24
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Ratti S, Follo MY, Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Manzoli L, Cocco L. Nuclear phospholipase C isoenzyme imbalance leads to pathologies in brain, hematologic, neuromuscular, and fertility disorders. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:312-317. [PMID: 30287524 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r089763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) are involved in signaling pathways related to critical cellular functions, such as cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, and gene expression. Nuclear PI-PLCs have been studied as key enzymes, molecular targets, and clinical prognostic/diagnostic factors in many physiopathologic processes. Here, we summarize the main studies about nuclear PI-PLCs, specifically, the imbalance of isozymes such as PI-PLCβ1 and PI-PLCζ, in cerebral, hematologic, neuromuscular, and fertility disorders. PI-PLCβ1 and PI-PLCɣ1 affect epilepsy, depression, and bipolar disorder. In the brain, PI-PLCβ1 is involved in endocannabinoid neuronal excitability and is a potentially novel signature gene for subtypes of high-grade glioma. An altered quality or quantity of PI-PLCζ contributes to sperm defects that result in infertility, and PI-PLCβ1 aberrant inositide signaling contributes to both hematologic and degenerative muscle diseases. Understanding the mechanisms behind PI-PLC involvement in human pathologies may help identify new strategies for personalized therapies of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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25
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Sztacho M, Sobol M, Balaban C, Escudeiro Lopes SE, Hozák P. Nuclear phosphoinositides and phase separation: Important players in nuclear compartmentalization. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:111-117. [PMID: 30249540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear phosphoinositides are recognized as regulators of many nuclear processes including chromatin remodeling, splicing, transcription, DNA repair and epigenetics. These processes are spatially organized in different nuclear compartments. Phase separation is involved in the formation of various nuclear compartments and molecular condensates separated from surrounding environment. The surface of such structures spatiotemporally coordinates formation of protein complexes. PI(4,5)P2 (PIP2) integration into phase-separated structures might provide an additional step in their spatial diversification by attracting certain proteins with affinity to PIP2. Our laboratory has recently identified novel membrane-free PIP2-containing structures, so called Nuclear Lipid Islets (NLIs). We provide an evidence that these structures are evolutionary conserved in different organisms. We hypothesize that NLIs serve as a scaffolding platform which facilitates the formation of transcription factories, thus participating in the formation of nuclear architecture competent for transcription. In this review we speculate on a possible role of NLIs in the integration of various processes linked to RNAPII transcription, chromatin remodeling, actin-myosin interaction, alternative splicing and lamin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sztacho
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margarita Sobol
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Can Balaban
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Eliana Escudeiro Lopes
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Epigenetics of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., division BIOCEV, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic; Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Peng X, Zha L, Chen A, Wang Z. HOXA5 is a tumor suppressor gene that is decreased in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1317-1329. [PMID: 30015922 PMCID: PMC6072397 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expression of homeobox A5 (HOXA5) has been observed in breast and colon cancer; however, the clinical significance of HOXA5 in gastric cancer (GC) is not yet clear. In this study, we found that HOXA5 expression was decreased in GC tissues at the mRNA and protein level compared with paracancerous tissues using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis confirmed that the underexpression of HOXA5 was associated with GC progression and indicated a poor prognosis of patients with GC. Given that proliferation‑related genes may be potential target genes of HOXA5, we performed a series of experiments in vitro to examine the effects of HOXA5 on the proliferation of GC cells. A CCK‑8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry revealed that HOXA5 inhibited the abnormal proliferation of GC cells, and this finding was further supported by a 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Further mechanistic investigation clarified that HOXA5 promoted the protein expression of p21 and inhibited the protein expression of c‑Myc and Ki67. Additionally, the use of nude mouse models also verified that HOXA5 suppressed the proliferation of GC cells in vivo. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that HOXA5 acts as a tumor suppressor gene during the development and progresion of GC, possibly functioning by inhibiting the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Peng
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Lang Zha
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
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Kunrath-Lima M, de Miranda MC, Ferreira ADF, Faraco CCF, de Melo MIA, Goes AM, Rodrigues MA, Faria JAQA, Gomes DA. Phospholipase C delta 4 (PLCδ4) is a nuclear protein involved in cell proliferation and senescence in mesenchymal stromal stem cells. Cell Signal 2018; 49:59-67. [PMID: 29859928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ is an important second messenger, and it is involved in many cellular processes such as cell death and proliferation. The rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels can be due to the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), which is a product of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis by phospholipases C (PLCs), that leads to Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum by InsP3 receptors (InsP3R). Ca2+ signaling patterns can vary in different regions of the cell and increases in nuclear Ca2+ levels have specific biological effects that differ from those of Ca2+ increase in the cytoplasm. There are PLCs in the cytoplasm and nucleus, but little is known about the functions of nuclear PLCs. This work aimed to characterize phenotypically the human PLCδ4 (hPLCδ4) in mesenchymal stem cells. This nuclear isoform of PLC is present in different cell types and has a possible role in proliferative processes. In this work, hPLCδ4 was found to be mainly nuclear in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC). PLCδ4 knockdown demonstrated that it is essential for hASC proliferation, without inducing cell death. An increase of cells in G1, and a reduction of cells on interphase and G2/M in knockdown cells were seen. Furthermore, PLCδ4 knockdown increased the percentage of senescent cells, p16INK4A+ and p21Cip1 mRNAs expression, which could explain the impaired cell proliferation. The results show that hPLCδ4 is in involved in cellular proliferation and senescence in hASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Kunrath-Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea da Fonseca Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Fraga Faraco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariane Izabella Abreu de Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda Goes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele Angela Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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28
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Candido S, Abrams SL, Steelman L, Lertpiriyapong K, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Ratti S, Follo MY, Murata RM, Rosalen PL, Lombardi P, Montalto G, Cervello M, Gizak A, Rakus D, Suh PG, Libra M, McCubrey JA. Metformin influences drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 68:13-30. [PMID: 29482945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive, highly metastatic malignancy and accounts for 85% of pancreatic cancers. PDAC patients have poor prognosis with a five-year survival of only 5-10% after diagnosis and treatment. Pancreatic cancer has been associated with type II diabetes as the frequency of recently diagnosed diabetics that develop pancreatic cancer within a 10-year period of initial diagnosis of diabetes in increased in comparison to non-diabetic patients. Metformin is a very frequently prescribed drug used to treat type II diabetes. Metformin acts in part by stimulating AMP-kinase (AMPK) and results in the suppression of mTORC1 activity and the induction of autophagy. In the following studies, we have examined the effects of metformin in the presence of various chemotherapeutic drugs, signal transduction inhibitors and natural products on the growth of three different PDAC lines. Metformin, by itself, was not effective at suppressing growth of the pancreatic cancer cell lines at concentration less than 1000 nM, however, in certain PDAC lines, a suboptimal dose of metformin (250 nM) potentiated the effects of various chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat pancreatic cancer (e.g., gemcitabine, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) and other cancer types (e.g., doxorubicin, docetaxel). Furthermore, metformin could increase anti-proliferative effects of mTORC1 and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors as well as natural products such as berberine and the anti-malarial drug chloroquine in certain PDAC lines. Thus, metformin can enhance the effects of certain drugs and signal transduction inhibitors which are used to treat pancreatic and various other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Pathology & Oncology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Linda Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ramiro M Murata
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, USA
| | - Pedro L Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Naxospharma, Via Giuseppe Di Vittorio 70, Novate Milanese 20026, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pann-Gill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Pathology & Oncology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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29
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Dual inhibition of PI3K/mTOR signaling in chemoresistant AML primary cells. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 68:2-9. [PMID: 29576448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A main cause of treatment failure for AML patients is resistance to chemotherapy. Survival of AML cells may depend on mechanisms that elude conventional drugs action and/or on the presence of leukemia initiating cells at diagnosis, and their persistence after therapy. MDR1 gene is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump known to be a risk factor for the emergence of resistance, when combined to unstable cytogenetic profile of AML patients. In the present study, we analyzed the sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs of 26 samples of primary blasts collected from AML patients at diagnosis. Detection of cell viability and apoptosis allowed to identify two group of samples, one resistant and one sensitive to in vitro treatment. The cells were then analyzed for the presence and the activity of P-glycoprotein. A comparative analysis showed that resistant samples exhibited a high level of MDR1 mRNA as well as of P-glycoprotein content and activity. Moreover, they also displayed high PI3K signaling. Therefore, we checked whether the association with signaling inhibitors might resensitize resistant samples to chemo-drugs. The combination showed a very potent cytotoxic effect, possibly through down modulation of MDR1, which was maintained also when primary blasts were co-cultured with human stromal cells. Remarkably, dual PI3K/mTOR inactivation was cytotoxic also to leukemia initiating cells. All together, our findings indicate that signaling activation profiling associated to gene expression can be very useful to stratify patients and improve therapy.
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