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Yang Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Xu N, Kong W, Ai X, Zhang H. Effect of Agaricus bisporus Polysaccharides (ABPs) on anti-CCV immune response of channel catfish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109051. [PMID: 37689228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the effects of Agaricus bisporus Polysaccharides (ABPs) on anti-channel catfish virus (CCV) infections to promote their application in channel catfish culture were explored. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted on the spleen of a CCV-infected channel catfish model fed with or without ABPs. CCV infections upregulated many immune and apoptosis-related genes, such as IL-6, IFN-α3, IFN-γ1, IL-26, Casp3, Casp8, and IL-10, and activated specific immunity mediated by B cells. However, after adding ABPs, the expression of inflammation-related genes decreased in CCV-infected channel catfish, and the inflammatory inhibitors NLRC3 were upregulated. Meanwhile, the expression of apoptosis-related genes was reduced, indicating that ABPs can more rapidly and strongly enhance the immunity of channel catfish to resist viral infection. Moreover, the metabonomic analysis showed that channel catfish had a high energy requirement during CCV infection, and ABPs could enhance the immune function of channel catfish. In conclusion, ABPs can enhance the antiviral ability of channel catfish by enhancing immune response and regulating inflammation. Thus, these findings provided new insights into the antiviral response effects of ABPs, which might support their application in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
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2
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Valorization of Spent Brewer’s Yeast for the Production of High-Value Products, Materials, and Biofuels and Environmental Application. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Spent brewer’s yeast (SBY) is a byproduct of the brewing industry traditionally used as a feed additive, although it could have much broader applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review of valorization of SBY for the production of high-value products, new materials, and biofuels, as well as environmental application, is presented. An economic perspective is given by mirroring marketing of conventional SBY with innovative high-value products. Cascading utilization of fine chemicals, biofuels, and nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids released by various SBY treatments has been proposed as a means to maximize the sustainable and circular economy.
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3
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β-glucans obtained from beer spent yeasts as functional food grade additive: Focus on biological activity. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Upadhyay TK, Trivedi R, Khan F, Al-Keridis LA, Pandey P, Sharangi AB, Alshammari N, Abdullah NM, Yadav DK, Saeed M. In vitro elucidation of antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptotic potential of yeast-derived β-1,3-glucan particles against cervical cancer cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942075. [PMID: 36059639 PMCID: PMC9436396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and in particular is the fourth most common cause of mortality in women every year. Conventional treatments for cancer are chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which have various kinds of side effects. Hence, there is a high need to develop alternative, efficient, and safer therapies for cancer treatment. β-Glucan, a novel polysaccharide isolated from baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, shows noteworthy cytotoxicity toward a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro. In this research, we characterized the β-glucan with high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis and found that d-glucose units with β-1,3 links are the major component of the extracted β-glucan particles. Fourier transform IR (FTIR) analysis confirmed a β-(1→3)-linked glucan structure. In vitro cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT with IC50 136 μg/ml, and therapeutic potential was assessed by various assays using values below and above the IC50. A significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at 50–150 μg/ml of concentrations indicated the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Along with ROS generation, these concentrations were also found to induce morphological changes such as fragmentation in DNA upon staining HeLa cells with DAPI. Mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced after increasing the dose of treatment, assessed with the help of MitoTracker dye. Hence, by all these experimental supports, we observed that β-glucan has the potential to slow down the growth of cervical cancer cells, and it can be further investigated for unfolding its complete anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, India
- *Correspondence: Mohd Saeed, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, ; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, ; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis,
| | - Rashmi Trivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Saeed, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, ; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, ; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis,
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Amit Baran Sharangi
- Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV)-Agricultural University, Mohanpur, India
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiya M. Abdullah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Mohd Saeed, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, ; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, ; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis,
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Saeed, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, ; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, ; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis,
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5
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Olivares-Galván S, Marina M, García M. Extraction of valuable compounds from brewing residues: Malt rootlets, spent hops, and spent yeast. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Different Preparations from Microbial Waste of the Beer Industry. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of different natural preparations obtained from the yeast biomass of beer industry waste. It was found that the preparations had a valuable biochemical composition, high antioxidant activities, a broad spectrum of immunoactive and essential amino acids, and that their protein and carbohydrate contents varied depending on the extraction stage and solvent. In conclusion, the varied biochemical composition, significant antioxidant and enzymatic activities, the innocuousness of Saccharomyces yeasts for living organisms, suggest that the obtained preparations can be an excellent source of biologically active substances and that their high biological activity presents a considerable potential for animal husbandry, food industry and cosmetics.
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7
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β-Glucans from Yeast—Immunomodulators from Novel Waste Resources. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are a large class of complex polysaccharides with bioactive properties, including immune modulation. Natural sources of these compounds include yeast, oats, barley, mushrooms, and algae. Yeast is abundant in various processes, including fermentation, and they are often discarded as waste products. The production of biomolecules from waste resources is a growing trend worldwide with novel waste resources being constantly identified. Yeast-derived β-glucans may assist the host’s defence against infections by influencing neutrophil and macrophage inflammatory and antibacterial activities. β-glucans were long regarded as an essential anti-cancer therapy and were licensed in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980 and new mechanisms of action of these molecules are constantly emerging. This paper outlines yeast β-glucans’ immune-modulatory and anti-cancer effects, production and extraction, and their availability in waste streams.
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8
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Effect of preparation methods on physiochemical and functional properties of yeast β-glucan. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Bastos R, Oliveira PG, Gaspar VM, Mano JF, Coimbra MA, Coelho E. Brewer's yeast polysaccharides - A review of their exquisite structural features and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118826. [PMID: 34893243 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances on brewer's yeast cell wall polysaccharides have unraveled exquisite structural features and diverse composition with (β1→3), (β1→6), (α1→4), (β1→4)-mix-linked glucans that are recognized to interact with different cell receptors and trigger specific biological responses. Herein, a comprehensive showcase of structure-biofunctional relationships between yeast polysaccharides and their biological targets is highlighted, with a focus on polysaccharide features that govern the biomedical activity. The insolubility of β-glucans is a crucial factor for binding and activation of Dectin-1 receptor, operating as adjuvants of immune responses. Contrarily, soluble low molecular weight β-glucans have a strong inhibition of reactive oxygen species production, acting as antagonists of Dectin-1 mediated signaling. Soluble glucan-protein moieties can also act as antitumoral agents. The balance between mannoproteins-TLR2 and β-glucans-Dectin-1 receptors-activation is crucial for osteogenesis. Biomedical applications value can also be obtained from yeast microcapsules as oral delivery systems, where highly branched (β1→6)-glucans lead to higher receptor affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia G Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Spent Brewer's Yeast as a Source of Insoluble β-Glucans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020825. [PMID: 33467670 PMCID: PMC7829969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of natural regeneration of the environment is exceeded. Residual yeast, the second by-product of brewing is considered to have an important chemical composition. An approach with nutritional potential refers to the extraction of bioactive compounds from the yeast cell wall, such as β-glucans. Concerning the potential food applications with better textural characteristics, spent brewer’s yeast glucan has high emulsion stability and water-holding capacity fitting best as a fat replacer in different food matrices. Few studies demonstrate the importance and nutritional role of β-glucans from brewer’s yeast, and even less for spent brewer’s yeast, due to additional steps in the extraction process. This review focuses on describing the process of obtaining insoluble β-glucans (particulate) from spent brewer’s yeast and provides an insight into how a by-product from brewing can be converted to potential food applications.
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11
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Zhang M, Wang J, Niu C, Zheng F, Liu C, Li Q. Screening of thermosensitive autolytic mutant brewer’s yeast and transcriptomic analysis of heat stress response. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:631-640. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brewer’s yeast has been widely used in the food industry, and the autolysates thereof are increasingly being studied for their valuable nutritional compositions. Yeast autolysis is most affected by medium composition and temperature. In this study, a thermosensitive autolytic brewer’s yeast P-510 was obtained with atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis plus 5-bromo-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate screening. The mutant rapidly autolyzed at 37 °C and the autolysates contained more active components and showed higher antioxidant activities compared with that of the parental strain, which indicated that the mutant’s autolysates can potentially be used as functional food and nutritional ingredients. Transcriptomic analysis of the mutant and parental strains at 28 and 37 °C suggested that thermosensitive autolysis of P-510 was probably caused by mitochondrial disfunction, glycogen metabolic flux of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway disorder, as well as hexose transport inhibition. The results revealed the important role of mitochondrial metabolism and glycogen utilization regulation in heat stress response of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chengtuo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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12
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Benchamas G, Huang S, Huang G. The influence of traditional and new processing technologies on the structure and function of food polysaccharide. Food Funct 2020; 11:5718-5725. [PMID: 32579647 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food processing is the method of transforming raw materials into food or food into other forms through physical or chemical technology and is an important means to extend the shelf life of food. The influence of processing technology on the structure and functional characteristics of polysaccharide was analyzed for the three aspects of dehydration processing technology, hot processing technology and new processing technology to provide reference for prolonging the shelf life of food and protecting its nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunsriwiang Benchamas
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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13
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14
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Isaza-Pérez F, Ramírez-Carmona M, Rendón-Castrillón L, Ocampo-López C. Potential of residual fungal biomass: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13019-13031. [PMID: 32130636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was evaluated and documented the potential uses of the residual fungal biomass from fermentation. The chemical composition of the biomass was determined by instrumental analysis techniques for its characterization and its possible application. It was found that this biomaterial is generally composed of sugars, proteins, and lipids, which provide it certain properties and applications that must be characterized morphologically, chemically, and mechanically. The residual fungal biomass could be used for two processes: the extraction of biopolymers, with several applications in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical, among others; and the removal of contaminants by mechanisms of adsorption with biopolymers, known also as biosorption, in tertiary treatments of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Isaza-Pérez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11, Medellín, 11-317, Colombia
| | - Margarita Ramírez-Carmona
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11, Medellín, 11-317, Colombia.
| | - Leidy Rendón-Castrillón
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11, Medellín, 11-317, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ocampo-López
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11, Medellín, 11-317, Colombia
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15
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Bai J, Ren Y, Li Y, Fan M, Qian H, Wang L, Wu G, Zhang H, Qi X, Xu M, Rao Z. Physiological functionalities and mechanisms of β-glucans. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Long NT, Anh NTN, Giang BL, Son HN, Luan LQ. Radiation Degradation of β-Glucan with a Potential for Reduction of Lipids and Glucose in the Blood of Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060955. [PMID: 31159434 PMCID: PMC6630287 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble and low molecular weight (Mw) β-glucans were successfully prepared by γ-irradiation of water-insoluble yeast β-glucans. The radiation dose used for the degradation of yeast β-glucan was remarkably reduced by increasing the pH of the sample or combining with hydrogen peroxide treatment. Radiation-degraded β-glucans with molecular weights in the range of 11−48 kDa reduced the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and glucose levels in the blood of administered mice. The decreasing levels of both lipid and glucose indexes in the blood of tested mice strongly depended on the molecular weight of the β-glucan, and the radiation-degraded β-glucan with a molecular weight of about 25 kDa was found to be the most effective for the reduction of blood lipid and glucose levels. Particularly, the oral administration of 25 kDa β-glucan, with a daily dose of about 2 mg per head, reduced the total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose levels in the blood of tested mice to about 47.4%, 48.5%, 45.7%, and 47.2%, respectively. The effects on the reduction of blood lipid and glucose levels were also found to be stable after 20 days of stopping administration. These results indicate that the degraded β-glucan with a molecular weight of about 25 kDa prepared by γ-ray irradiation is a very promising ingredient that can be used in nutraceutical food for therapeutics of diabetic and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Long
- Nha Trang Vaccines and Biological Products Joint-Stock Company, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
| | | | | | - Hoang Nghia Son
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Le Quang Luan
- Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Hochiminh University of Natural Resource and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Radiation Degradation of β-Glucan Extracted from Brewer’s Yeast for Enhancing Growth Promotion and Immunostimulant Activities on Broilers. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8901824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble low molecular weight β-glucan (WSLMG) was successfully prepared via γ-irradiation of insoluble β-glucan extracted from brewer’s yeast cell walls. The WSLMG content in an irradiated sample increased as the irradiation dose increased. The WSLMGs with a molecular weight (Mw) of 49, 25, and 11 kDa, obtained at correlative doses of 100, 200, and 300 kGy, respectively, were tested using growth promotion and immune stimulant effects in broilers. Supplementation with 500 ppm WSLMGs not only increased the survival rate (33.3%) and average body weight (40%) but also reduced the feed conversion rate (35.4%) in tested broilers. In addition, WSLMGs enhanced both nonspecific and specific immune components in the blood of supplemented broilers. The WSLMG with Mw ~25 kDa showed the highest effect on the growth performance and immunomodulatory capability in the immune systems of the tested broilers. In conclusion, this product demonstrates substantial promise as an immunostimulant and growth-promoting additive for poultry.
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18
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Rapoport A, Golovina EA, Gervais P, Dupont S, Beney L. Anhydrobiosis: Inside yeast cells. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:51-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Solomon SG, Ataguba GA, Itodo GE. Performance of Clarias gariepinus Fed Dried Brewer's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Slurry in Replacement for Soybean Meal. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:8936060. [PMID: 28239492 PMCID: PMC5292371 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8936060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following disparity of earlier results, this study tested the performance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed dried brewer's yeast slurry meal (DBYM) based diets. Fingerlings of C. gariepinus with pooled mean initial weight of 1.58 ± 0.01 g were stocked in hapas (1 m × 1 m × 1 m) immersed in an earthen pond at a density of 15 fish per cage. Five diets with increasing substitution of soybean meal with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of dried brewer's yeast and a control without dried brewer's yeast (0% substitution) were evaluated for 8 weeks. Palatability of diets reduced with increasing levels of DBYM. Growth and utilization parameters such as weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate differed significantly (p < 0.05) among treated groups. Specific growth rate decreased with increasing substitution while the best feed conversion ratio was obtained in the diet devoid of DBYM. Protein efficiency and utilization decreased with increasing levels of DBYM. Body composition was also affected by inclusion of DBYM with significant differences (p < 0.05) being observed across the diets. The trend in body composition follows the utilization of the diets. We conclude that the optimal range of inclusion and substitution of soybean meal with DBYM in C. gariepinus feed is between 1% and 14% of dry matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shola Gabriel Solomon
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State 970001, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Arome Ataguba
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State 970001, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Enemona Itodo
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State 970001, Nigeria
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Bychkov AL, Ryabchikova EI, Korolev KG, Lomovskaya TF, Lomovskii OI. Mechanically activated enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050416040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Borovikova D, Teparić R, Mrša V, Rapoport A. Anhydrobiosis in yeast: cell wall mannoproteins are important for yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistance to dehydration. Yeast 2016; 33:347-53. [PMID: 27510749 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The state of anhydrobiosis is linked with the reversible delay of metabolism as a result of strong dehydration of cells, and is widely distributed in nature. A number of factors responsible for the maintenance of organisms' viability in these conditions have been revealed. This study was directed to understanding how changes in cell wall structure may influence the resistance of yeasts to dehydration-rehydration. Mutants lacking various cell wall mannoproteins were tested to address this issue. It was revealed that mutants lacking proteins belonging to two structurally and functionally unrelated groups (proteins non-covalently attached to the cell wall, and Pir proteins) possessed significantly lower cell resistance to dehydration-rehydration than the mother wild-type strain. At the same time, the absence of the GPI-anchored cell wall protein Ccw12 unexpectedly resulted in an increase of cell resistance to this treatment; this phenomenon is explained by the compensatory synthesis of chitin. The results clearly indicate that the cell wall structure/composition relates to parameters strongly influencing yeast viability during the processes of dehydration-rehydration, and that damage to cell wall proteins during yeast desiccation can be an important factor leading to cell death. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Borovikova
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Renata Teparić
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrša
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alexander Rapoport
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Application of anhydrobiosis and dehydration of yeasts for non-conventional biotechnological goals. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:104. [PMID: 27116970 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration of yeast cells causes them to enter a state of anhydrobiosis in which their metabolism is temporarily and reversibly suspended. This unique state among organisms is currently used in the production of active dry yeasts, mainly used in baking and winemaking. In recent decades non-conventional applications of yeast dehydration have been proposed for various modern biotechnologies. This mini-review briefly summarises current information on the application of dry yeasts in traditional and innovative fields. It has been shown that dry yeast preparations can be used for the efficient protection, purification and bioremediation of the environment from heavy metals. The high sorption activity of dehydrated yeasts can be used as an interesting tool in winemaking due to their effects on quality and taste. Dry yeasts are also used in agricultural animal feed. Another interesting application of yeast dehydration is as an additional stage in new methods for the stable immobilisation of microorganisms, especially in cases when biotechnologically important strains have no affinity with the carrier. Such immobilisation methods also provide a new approach for the successful conservation of yeast strains that are very sensitive to dehydration. In addition, the application of dehydration procedures opens up new possibilities for the use of yeast as a model system. Separate sections of this review also discuss possible uses of dry yeasts in biocontrol, bioprotection and biotransformations, in analytical methods as well as in some other areas.
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