1
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De Smet G, Bai X, Maes BUW. Selective C(aryl)-O bond cleavage in biorenewable phenolics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5489-5551. [PMID: 38634517 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass via a lignin first approach delivers a range of products with high oxygen content. Besides pulp, a lignin oil rich in guaiacols and syringols is obtained bearing multiple C(aryl)-OH and C(aryl)-OMe groups, typically named phenolics. Similarly, technical lignin can be used but is generally more difficult to process providing lower yields of monomers. Removal of the hydroxy and methoxy groups in these oxygenated arenes is challenging due to the inherently strong C-O bonds, in addition to the steric and electronic deactivation by adjacent -OH or -OMe groups. Moreover, chemoselective removal of a specific group in the presence of other similar functionalities is non-trivial. Other side-reactions such as ring saturation and transalkylation further complicate the desired reduction process. In this overview, three different selective reduction reactions are considered. Complete hydrodeoxygenation removes both hydroxy and methoxy groups resulting in benzene and alkylated derivatives (BTX type products) which is often complicated by overreduction of the arene ring. Hydrodemethoxylation selectively removes methoxy groups in the presence of hydroxy groups leading to phenol products, while hydrodehydroxylation only removes hydroxy groups without cleavage of methoxy groups giving anisole products. Instead of defunctionalization via reduction transformation of C(aryl)-OH, albeit via an initial derivatization into C(aryl)-OX, into other functionalities is possible and also discussed. In addition to methods applying guaiacols and syringols present in lignin oil as model substrates, special attention is given to methods using mixtures of these compounds obtained from wood/technical lignin. Finally, other important aspects of C-O bond activation with respect to green chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles De Smet
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xingfeng Bai
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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2
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Bazhenova MA, Kulikov LA, Makeeva DA, Maximov AL, Karakhanov EA. Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-Based Compounds over Ruthenium Catalysts Based on Sulfonated Porous Aromatic Frameworks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4618. [PMID: 38232050 PMCID: PMC10708665 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifunctional catalysts are a major type of heterogeneous catalytic systems that have been widely investigated for biomass upgrading. In this work, Ru-catalysts based on sulfonated porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) were used in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived compounds: guaiacol, veratrole, and catechol. The relationship between the activity of metal nanoparticles and the content of acid sites in synthesized catalysts was studied. Herein, their synergy was demonstrated in the Ru-PAF-30-SO3H/5-COD catalyst. The results revealed that this catalytic system promoted partial hydrogenation of lignin-based compounds to ketones without any further transformations. The design of the Ru-PAF-30-SO3H/5-COD catalytic system opens a promising route to the selective conversion of lignin model compounds to cyclohexanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Bazhenova
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.A.B.); (D.A.M.); (A.L.M.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Leonid A. Kulikov
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.A.B.); (D.A.M.); (A.L.M.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Daria A. Makeeva
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.A.B.); (D.A.M.); (A.L.M.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Anton L. Maximov
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.A.B.); (D.A.M.); (A.L.M.); (E.A.K.)
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Eduard A. Karakhanov
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.A.B.); (D.A.M.); (A.L.M.); (E.A.K.)
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3
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Bai J, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, Wang H, Liao Y. Synthesis of 2,6-Dimethoxy-p-aminophenol from Hardwood Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300558. [PMID: 37449540 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the multiple functional groups in biomass offer notable chances for producing high-value chemicals, most of the current studies focused on the (deep) defunctionalization of biomass and its derivates. Herein, we present a catalytic approach to valorize birch wood lignin with maintaining the methoxy and hydroxy groups in the final product (i. e., 2,6-dimethoxy-p-aminophenol), which has applications in different sectors such as pharmaceuticals. The proved approach involves four steps with a high yield (19.8 wt % on the basis of used lignin) to 2,6-dimethoxy-p-aminophenol. The native lignin in birch wood was first converted using alkaline aerobic oxidation in the presence of copper ions toward high-yield syringaldehyde, which was then selectively oxidized toward 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone using H2 O2 and V2 O5 . Oximation of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone can selectively form 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone-4-oxime, which can be quantitatively hydrogenated toward 2,6-dimethoxy-p-aminophenol. This work highlights the unique potential of biomass and its derivates for the sustainable production of high-value products with exploring the value of inherent functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientist's Workroom, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Liao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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Yu J, Luo B, Wang Y, Wang S, Wu K, Liu C, Chu S, Zhang H. An efficient way to synthesize biomass-based molybdenum carbide catalyst via pyrolysis carbonization and its application for lignin catalytic pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126640. [PMID: 34971778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and rapid method was proposed to synthesize orthorhombic α-Mo2C as catalyst for lignin catalytic pyrolysis. Biomass in-situ pyrolysis products were used as the carbon source and supporter, the carbonization of Mo precursor was realized under rapid heating. Experimental results show that Pine-Mo2C catalyst can achieve lignin pyrolysis vapor bond breaking and deoxidation under normal pressure, and the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is 13.26 wt%, of which aromatic hydrocarbons with side chain account for 74%. The side chain aliphatic hydrocarbons of lignin are effectively retained, and hydrogen consumption is minimized. The characterization of catalyst and experiments of guaiacol, 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol and 4,4'-biphenol shows that efficient deoxidation is due to targeted attack of catalyst on C-O. Therefore, Pine-Mo2C shows excellent activity in promoting direct bond breaking deoxidation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bingbing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Sheng Chu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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5
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Wu X, Ge Q, Zhu X. Vapor phase hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds on group 10 metal-based catalysts: Reaction mechanism and product selectivity control. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Gundekari S, Kumar Karmee S. Recent Catalytic Approaches for the Production of Cycloalkane Intermediates from Lignin‐Based Aromatic Compounds: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Gundekari
- Thermo-Chemical Conversion Technology Division (TCCD) Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (SPRERI) Vallabh Vidyanagar Anand-388 120 Gujarat India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Karmee
- Thermo-Chemical Conversion Technology Division (TCCD) Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (SPRERI) Vallabh Vidyanagar Anand-388 120 Gujarat India
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7
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Martínez B, Viñes F, McBreen PH, Illas F. Mo single atoms in the Cu(111) surface as improved catalytic active centers for deoxygenation reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The surface Mo-doped Cu(111) catalyst feature improved performance towards deoxygenation reactions, acting as a single-atom alloy capable of breaking Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relations for carbonyl bond scissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biel Martínez
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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8
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Carpita NC, McCann MC. Redesigning plant cell walls for the biomass-based bioeconomy. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15144-15157. [PMID: 32868456 PMCID: PMC7606688 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass-the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose that comprise major components of the plant cell well-is a sustainable resource that could be utilized in the United States to displace oil consumption from heavy vehicles, planes, and marine-going vessels and commodity chemicals. Biomass-derived sugars can also be supplied for microbial fermentative processing to fuels and chemicals or chemically deoxygenated to hydrocarbons. However, the economic value of biomass might be amplified by diversifying the range of target products that are synthesized in living plants. Genetic engineering of lignocellulosic biomass has previously focused on changing lignin content or composition to overcome recalcitrance, the intrinsic resistance of cell walls to deconstruction. New capabilities to remove lignin catalytically without denaturing the carbohydrate moiety have enabled the concept of the "lignin-first" biorefinery that includes high-value aromatic products. The structural complexity of plant cell-wall components also provides substrates for polymeric and functionalized target products, such as thermosets, thermoplastics, composites, cellulose nanocrystals, and nanofibers. With recent advances in the design of synthetic pathways, lignocellulosic biomass can be regarded as a substrate at various length scales for liquid hydrocarbon fuels, chemicals, and materials. In this review, we describe the architectures of plant cell walls and recent progress in overcoming recalcitrance and illustrate the potential for natural or engineered biomass to be used in the emerging bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Maureen C McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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9
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Li T, Ji N, Jia Z, Diao X, Wang Z, Liu Q, Song C, Lu X. Effects of metal promoters in bimetallic catalysts in hydrogenolysis of lignin derivatives into value‐added chemicals. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Na Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Diao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Qingling Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science Tibet University Lhasa 850000 P. R. China
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10
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Sreenavya A, Sahu A, Sakthivel A. Hydrogenation of Lignin-Derived Phenolic Compound Eugenol over Ruthenium-Containing Nickel Hydrotalcite-Type Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Awadakkam Sreenavya
- Inorganic Materials & Heterogeneous Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671320, India
| | - Adarsh Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470002, India
| | - Ayyamperumal Sakthivel
- Inorganic Materials & Heterogeneous Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671320, India
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11
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Zhang J, Zhao C, Li C, Li S, Tsang CW, Liang C. The role of oxophilic Mo species in Pt/MgO catalysts as extremely active sites for enhanced hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic performance of the selective hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran can be controlled by the MoOx surface density and varied with the increased MoOx surface density in a volcano-shape manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Chuang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Shenggang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Chi-Wing Tsang
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Changhai Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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12
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Wong SS, Shu R, Zhang J, Liu H, Yan N. Downstream processing of lignin derived feedstock into end products. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5510-5560. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides critical analysis on various downstream processes to convert lignin derived feedstock into fuels, chemicals and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sie Shing Wong
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Riyang Shu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
| | - Jiaguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Haichao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Ning Yan
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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13
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Zhang J, Sun J, Sudduth B, Pereira Hernandez X, Wang Y. Liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolics on Pd/Fe: A mechanistic study. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Vriamont CEJJ, Chen T, Romain C, Corbett P, Manageracharath P, Peet J, Conifer CM, Hallett JP, Britovsek GJP. From Lignin to Chemicals: Hydrogenation of Lignin Models and Mechanistic Insights into Hydrodeoxygenation via Low-Temperature C–O Bond Cleavage. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Charles Romain
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Paul Corbett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Janet Peet
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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16
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Jin W, Pastor-Pérez L, Shen D, Sepúlveda-Escribano A, Gu S, Ramirez Reina T. Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Model Compounds: Novel Approaches and Lessons Learnt from Traditional Hydrodeoxygenation - a Review. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Department; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Laura Pastor-Pérez
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Department; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante E-03080 Spain
| | - DeKui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Antonio Sepúlveda-Escribano
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante E-03080 Spain
| | - Sai Gu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Department; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Ramirez Reina
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Department; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
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Catalytic Strategies Towards Lignin-Derived Chemicals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:36. [PMID: 30151801 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignin valorization represents a crucial, yet underexploited component in current lignocellulosic biorefineries. An alluring opportunity is the selective depolymerization of lignin towards chemicals. Although challenged by lignin's recalcitrant nature, several successful (catalytic) strategies have emerged. This review provides an overview of different approaches to cope with detrimental lignin structural alterations at an early stage of the biorefinery process, thus enabling effective routes towards lignin-derived chemicals. A first general strategy is to isolate lignin with a better preserved native-like structure and therefore an increased amenability towards depolymerization in a subsequent step. Both mild process conditions as well as active stabilization methods will be discussed. An alternative is the simultaneous depolymerization-stabilization of native lignin towards stable lignin monomers. This approach requires a fast and efficient stabilization of reactive lignin intermediates in order to minimize lignin repolymerization and maximize the envisioned production of chemicals. Finally, the obtained lignin-derived compounds can serve as a platform towards a broad range of bio-based products. Their implementation will improve the sustainability of the chemical industry, but equally important will generate opportunities towards product innovations based on unique biobased chemical structures.
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Schutyser W, Renders T, Van den Bosch S, Koelewijn SF, Beckham GT, Sels BF. Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:852-908. [PMID: 29318245 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 806] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of more sustainable and competitive biorefineries, the effective valorisation of lignin is key. An alluring opportunity is the exploitation of lignin as a resource for chemicals. Three technological biorefinery aspects will determine the realisation of a successful lignin-to-chemicals valorisation chain, namely (i) lignocellulose fractionation, (ii) lignin depolymerisation, and (iii) upgrading towards targeted chemicals. This review provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that has been devoted to each of these three interconnected biorefinery aspects, ranging from industrially well-established techniques to the latest cutting edge innovations. To navigate the reader through the overwhelming collection of literature on each topic, distinct strategies/topics were delineated and summarised in comprehensive overview figures. Upon closer inspection, conceptual principles arise that rationalise the success of certain methodologies, and more importantly, can guide future research to further expand the portfolio of promising technologies. When targeting chemicals, a key objective during the fractionation and depolymerisation stage is to minimise lignin condensation (i.e. formation of resistive carbon-carbon linkages). During fractionation, this can be achieved by either (i) preserving the (native) lignin structure or (ii) by tolerating depolymerisation of the lignin polymer but preventing condensation through chemical quenching or physical removal of reactive intermediates. The latter strategy is also commonly applied in the lignin depolymerisation stage, while an alternative approach is to augment the relative rate of depolymerisation vs. condensation by enhancing the reactivity of the lignin structure towards depolymerisation. Finally, because depolymerised lignins often consist of a complex mixture of various compounds, upgrading of the raw product mixture through convergent transformations embodies a promising approach to decrease the complexity. This particular upgrading approach is termed funneling, and includes both chemocatalytic and biological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schutyser
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Ballesteros-Plata D, Infantes-Molina A, Rodríguez-Aguado E, Braos-García P, Rodríguez-Castellón E. Lamellar zirconium phosphates to host metals for catalytic purposes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3047-3058. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study a porous lamellar zirconium phosphate heterostructure (PPH) formed from zirconium(iv) phosphate expanded with silica galleries (P/Zr molar ratio equal to 2 and (Si + Zr)/P equal to 3) was prepared to host noble metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ballesteros-Plata
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC)
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
| | - Antonia Infantes-Molina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC)
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Aguado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC)
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
| | - Pilar Braos-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC)
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC)
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
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Zirconium Phosphate Heterostructures as Catalyst Support in Hydrodeoxygenation Reactions. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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