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Goberdhan S, Blachman-Braun R, Nackeeran S, Masterson TA, Ramasamy R. Is tadalafil associated with decreased risk of major adverse cardiac events or venous thromboembolism in men with lower urinary tract symptoms? World J Urol 2022; 40:1799-1803. [PMID: 35469100 PMCID: PMC9037966 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association of tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5I), with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) or venous thromboembolism (VTE) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods Data was obtained from the TriNetX Research Network, ICD-10 codes were used to identify men with LUTS, MACE, and VTE. In addition, demographic characteristics and use of tadalafil or alpha-blocker was evaluated. Then, unbalanced and balanced association analyses was performed to assess the relation between tadalafil and/or alpha-blocker use with MACE/VTE. Results After participant selection, analysis included 821,592 men that did not use an alpha blocker or tadalafil, 5,004 men that used tadalafil but no alpha blocker, 327,482 men that used an alpha blocker but no tadalafil, and 6,603 men that used both an alpha blocker and tadalafil. On balanced analysis, tadalafil was independently associated with a decreased risk of MACE/VTE within a 3-year time period (OR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.49–0.70, p < 0.0001). Among men with a history of alpha blocker use, tadalafil use was also independently associated with a decreased risk of MACE or VTE, both before and after controlling for potentially confounding variables (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.50–0.66; p < 0.0001). Conclusions In our study, tadalafil was associated with a decreased risk of MACE/VTE in men with LUTS with and without a history of alpha blocker use. It is time to perform further long-term prospective randomized studies to further analyze the cardiovascular effects of PDE5Is as combination treatment with alpha blockers in the management of LUTS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00345-022-04005-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruben Blachman-Braun
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building (CRB), 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sirpi Nackeeran
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building (CRB), 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Thomas A Masterson
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building (CRB), 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building (CRB), 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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2
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Bhadoriya A, Dasandi B, Parmar D, Shah PA, Shrivastav PS. Quantitation of tadalafil in human plasma using a sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method for a bioequivalence study. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:271-276. [PMID: 30140492 PMCID: PMC6104147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of tadalafil (TAD) in human plasma. TAD and its deuterated internal standard (IS), tadalafil-d3, were extracted from 200 µL plasma using Phenomenex Strata-X-C 33 µ extraction cartridges. Chromatographic analysis was carried out on Synergi™ Hydro-RP C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 4 µm) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 10 mM ammonium formate, pH 4.0 (90:10, v/v), delivered at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. Quantitation of the protonated analyte was done on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using multiple reaction monitoring via electrospray ionization. The precursor to product ions transitions monitored for TAD and TAD-d3 were m/z 390.3 → 268.2 and m/z 393.1 → 271.2, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.50-500 ng/mL with correlation coefficient, r2 ≥ 0.9994. Acceptable intra-batch and inter-batch precision (≤ 3.7%) and accuracy (97.8% to 104.1%) were obtained at five concentration levels. The recovery of TAD from spiked plasma was highly precise and quantitative (98.95% to 100.61%). Further, the effect of endogenous matrix components was minimal. TAD was found to be stable under different storage conditions in human plasma and also in whole blood samples. The validated method was successfully used to determine TAD plasma concentration in a bioequivalence study with 20 mg TAD tablets in 24 healthy volunteers. Method performance was evaluated by reanalyzing 115 study samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaysingh Bhadoriya
- Bioanalytical Department, Synchron Research Services Pvt. Ltd., 5th Floor, the Chambers, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad 380054, India
| | - Bhavesh Dasandi
- Bioanalytical Department, Synchron Research Services Pvt. Ltd., 5th Floor, the Chambers, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad 380054, India
| | - Dharmesh Parmar
- Bioanalytical Department, Synchron Research Services Pvt. Ltd., 5th Floor, the Chambers, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad 380054, India
| | - Priyanka A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Pranav S. Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
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3
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Park SI, Heo SH, Kim G, Chang S, Song KH, Kim MG, Jin EH, Kim J, Lee S, Hong JH. Comparison of tadalafil pharmacokinetics after administration of a new orodispersible film versus a film-coated tablet. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:935-942. [PMID: 29719379 PMCID: PMC5916261 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s155040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background An orodispersible film (ODF) of tadalafil may provide increased convenience for erectile dysfunction (ED) patients as compared to conventional tablet formulations. In this study, we aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles of a newly developed ODF formulation of tadalafil to those of a film-coated tablet (FCT) of tadalafil. Materials and methods This study was conducted in healthy male subjects using an open-label, randomized sequence, two-period, two-formulation, single-dose, crossover design. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two sequences of the two formulations: both the test drug (ODF) and the reference drug (FCT) contained 20 mg of tadalafil. Blood samples were collected up to 72 h after administration. Plasma concentrations of tadalafil were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the ODF to FCT formulations and their 90% CIs for the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study. Results Forty healthy male subjects were enrolled, and 36 of these completed the study. The GMRs (90% CIs) of the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration for tadalafil were 0.927 (0.882-0.974) and 0.972 (0.918-1.029), respectively. Both ODF and FCT formulations were well tolerated, and no clinically significant changes from the baseline were observed after dosing. Conclusion The pharmacokinetics of the tadalafil ODF formulation did not differ significantly from those of the FCT formulation. Furthermore, the safety and tolerability profiles of the ODF formulation were comparable to those of the FCT formulation. Therefore, this tadalafil ODF formulation offers a convenient treatment option for patients with erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-In Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hak Heo
- R&D Center, C.L. Pharm Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Kim
- R&D Center, C.L. Pharm Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhoon Chang
- R&D Center, C.L. Pharm Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Hyoung Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gul Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Heui Jin
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeWoo Kim
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim KY, Nam M, Kwon HJ, Kim KH, Kang SH, Kim SI, Kim CW, Cho SH. Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of tadalafil in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2017; 25:21-27. [PMID: 32095455 PMCID: PMC7033536 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2017.25.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of tadalafil in human plasma. The plasma samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shiseido C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.7 µm) column with isocratic elution using 2.0 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile (55:45, v/v) with 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The total run time was 1 min per sample. The quantitative analysis was performed using multiple reaction monitoring at transition of m/z 390.4 → 268.3 for tadalafil and m/z 475.3 → 283.3 for sildenafil as an internal standard. The method was fully validated over a concentration range of 5–1,000 ng/mL with a lower quantification limit of 5 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation, %RSD) were within 8.4% and accuracy (relative error, %RE) was lower than -3.2%. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of tadalafil (20 mg) in Korean healthy male subjects (n = 12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Youl Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, South Korea
| | - Moonsuk Nam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kwon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Kim
- Clinical Research Center of H PLUS Yangji Hospital, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08779, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kang
- Clinical Research Center of H PLUS Yangji Hospital, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08779, South Korea
| | - Sang-Il Kim
- Clinical Research Center of H PLUS Yangji Hospital, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08779, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Woo Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, South Korea
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5
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Patel JK, Patel NK. Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Ambrisentan and Tadalafil in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. Sci Pharm 2014; 82:749-63. [PMID: 26279975 PMCID: PMC4500576 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1403-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and highly selective RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Ambrisentan (AMB) and Tadalafil (TADA) drug substances in the fixed dosage strength of 10 mg and 40 mg, respectively. Effective chromatographic separation was achieved using a Hypersil GOLD C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm internal diameter, 5 μm particle size) with a mobile phase composed of methanol, water, and acetonitrile in the ratio of 40:40:20 (by volume). The mobile phase was pumped using a gradient HPLC system at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and quantification of the analytes was based on measuring their peak areas at 260 nm. The retention times for Ambrisentan and Tadalafil were about 2.80 and 7.10 min, respectively. The reliability and analytical performance of the proposed HPLC procedure were statistically validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection, and quantification limits. Calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 1-20 μg/mL for Ambrisentan and 4-80 μg/mL for Tadalafil with correlation coefficients >0.990. The proposed method proved to be selective and stability-indicating by the resolution of the two analytes from the forced degradation (hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis) products. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of AMB and TADA in pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayvadan K Patel
- Nootan Pharmacy College, S. P. Sahkar Vidhyadham, Kamana Crossing, Visnagar 384315, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Nilam K Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan 384265, Gujarat, India
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6
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Kim NS, Lee JH, Han KM, Kim HJ, Cho S, Han SY, Kim WS. Isolation and structural characterisation of a propoxyphenyl-linked thiohomosildenafil analogue found in a herbal product. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1693-700. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.823571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Proença P, Mustra C, Marcos M, Franco JM, Corte-Real F, Vieira DN. Validated UPLC-MS/MS assay for the determination of synthetic phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors in postmortem blood samples. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20:655-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Ma B, Shang X, Zhang Q, Li J, Liu Y, Cao X, Xu Q. Rapid analysis of tadalafil in human blood plasma and seminal plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 77:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Lee JH, Oh JH, Lee YJ. Simple and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantification of tadalafil in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:457-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Abdel-Aziz AAM, Asiri YA, El-Azab AS, Al-Omar MA, Kunieda T. Tadalafil. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2011; 36:287-329. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387667-6.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Farthing CA, Farthing DE, Koka S, Larus T, Fakhry I, Xi L, Kukreja RC, Sica D, Gehr TWB. A simple and sensitive HPLC fluorescence method for determination of tadalafil in mouse plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2891-5. [PMID: 20801090 PMCID: PMC2950224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method utilizing fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor tadalafil in mouse plasma. This method utilizes a simple sample preparation (protein precipitation) with high recovery of tadalafil (∼98%), which eliminates the need for an internal standard. For constituent separation, the method utilized a monolithic C(18) column and a flow rate of 1.0mL/min with a mobile phase gradient consisting of aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (0.1% TFA in deionized water pH 2.2, v/v) and acetonitrile. The method calibration was linear for tadalafil in mouse plasma from 100 to 2000ng/mL (r>0.999) with a detection limit of approximately 40ng/mL. Component fluorescence detection was achieved using an excitation wavelength of 275nm with monitoring of the emission wavelength at 335nm. The intra-day and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) values for tadalafil in mouse plasma were less than 14%, and the accuracy (percent error) was within -14% of the nominal concentration. The method was utilized on mouse plasma samples from research evaluating the potential cardioprotective effects of tadalafil on mouse heart tissue exposed to doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic drug with reported cardiotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Farthing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Clinical Pharmacology and Hypertension, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Savaliya AA, Shah RP, Prasad B, Singh S. Screening of Indian aphrodisiac ayurvedic/herbal healthcare products for adulteration with sildenafil, tadalafil and/or vardenafil using LC/PDA and extracted ion LC–MS/TOF. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:406-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lake ST, Altman PM, Vaisman J, Addison RS. Validated LC-MS/MS assay for the quantitative determination of vardenafil in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 24:846-51. [PMID: 20033891 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) assay has been developed for the quantitative analysis of vardenafil in human plasma. Vardenafil and the internal standard, alprazolam, were extracted from 0.2 mL aliquots of alkalinized plasma by a single solvent extraction into hexane : dichloromethane. Reversed-phase chromatographic separation was affected by gradient elution with mobile phases consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate pH 7.0 (solvent A) and methanol (100%, solvent B), delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The analytes were detected by using an electrospray ion source on a 4000 QTrap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization mode. The mass transitions were m/z 489.3 --> 312.2 for vardenafil and m/z 309.2 --> 281.0 for alprazolam. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.2-100 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients > or = 0.995. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 5.4% in terms of relative standard deviation and the accuracy was within 12.7% in terms of relative error. The lower limit of quantitation was set at 0.2 ng/mL. The high sensitivity and acceptable performance of the assay allowed its application to the analysis of plasma samples obtained following the oral administration of vardenafil to healthy male volunteers in a pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Lake
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston Rd, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia
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Gratz SR, Zeller M, Mincey DW, Flurer CL. Structural characterization of sulfoaildenafil, an analog of sildenafil. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:228-31. [PMID: 19427155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors represent a class of drugs used primarily in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Currently, three PDE-5 inhibitors have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States: sildenafil citrate, tadalafil, and vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate. A bulk material, labeled as an ingredient for a dietary supplement, was analyzed for the presence of PDE-5 inhibitors. The compound that was detected displayed structural similarities to sildenafil, and was characterized further using LC-MS(n), FTICRMS, X-ray crystallography and NMR. The compound was given the name sulfoaildenafil. When compared to sildenafil, sulfoaildenafil contains a sulfur atom substitution for the oxygen atom in the pyrazolopyrimidine portion of the molecule, and a 3,5-dimethyl substitution on the piperazine ring, rather than the 4-methyl moiety. The X-ray crystallographic data indicate that the material in this sample is comprised of two polymorphs, which may affect the chemical and/or biological properties of any product formulated with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Gratz
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
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15
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Madhavi A, Reddy GS, Suryanarayana MV, Naidu A. Chiral Separation of (R,R)-Tadalafil and Its Enantiomer in Bulk Drug Samples and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by Chiral RP-LC. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Inoue H, Kanamori T, Kuwayama K, Iwata YT, Satoh T, Yanagihori A, Matsushima K. Chemical Profile of Sildenafil and Related Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3408/jafst.13.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Rao DVS, Radhakrishnanand P, Himabindu V. Stress Degradation Studies on Tadalafil and Development of a Validated Stability-Indicating LC Assay for Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Shakya AK, Abu-awwad ANA, Arafat TA, Melhim M. Validated liquid chromatographic–ultraviolet method for the quantitation of tadalafil in human plasma using liquid–liquid extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:403-8. [PMID: 17321225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective, sensitive and rapid HPLC method has been developed and validated to quantify tadalafil in human plasma. The tadalafil and internal standard (loratadine, I.S.) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction technique followed by an aqueous back-extraction allowing injection of an aqueous solvent in the HPLC system. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse phase BDS Hypersil C-18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm, Thermo Separation Co., USA) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and aqueous solution containing 0.012 M triethylamine+0.020 M orthophosphoric acid (50/50, v/v). The analytes were detected at 225 nm. The assay exhibited a linear range of 5-600 ng/mL for tadalafil in human plasma. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL. The within- and between batch precision (expressed as coefficient of variation, C.V.) did not exceed 10.3% and the accuracy was within -7.6% deviation of the nominal concentration. The recovery of tadalafil from plasma was greater than 66.1%. Stability of tadalafil in plasma was excellent with no evidence of degradation during sample processing (auto-sampler) and 30 days storage in a freezer. This validated method is applied for the clinical study of the tadalafil in human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Shakya
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Amman University, P.O. Box 263, Amman 19328, Jordan.
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Reepmeyer JC, Woodruff JT. Use of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and a hydrolytic technique for the detection and structure elucidation of a novel synthetic vardenafil designer drug added illegally to a “natural” herbal dietary supplement. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1125:67-75. [PMID: 16750214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 05/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An herbal dietary supplement, marketed as a natural product for the enhancement of sexual function, was purchased covertly over the internet. The product was analyzed by LC-MS and found to contain a compound related to synthetic phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors. Based on LC with photodiode array and mass spectral detection, along with collision-induced dissociation-mass spectral analysis, the structure of the compound was tentatively identified as a designer drug of vardenafil in which the N-ethylpiperazine ring had been replaced by a piperidine ring. This structure was unambiguously confirmed by acid hydrolysis of both the unknown ("piperidenafil") and vardenafil and comparison of their hydrolysis products by LC-MS and GC-MS. The hydrolytic technique proved to be a useful tool for the structure elucidation of piperidenafil and may be a useful technique for the structure elucidation of other erectile dysfunction designer drugs in the future. The dosage level of piperidenafil in the herbal product was 41 mg per capsule when calculated as the free base.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Reepmeyer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, St. Louis, MO 63101, USA.
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Ramakrishna NVS, Vishwottam KN, Koteshwara M, Manoj S, Santosh M, Chidambara J, Sumatha B, Varma DP. Rapid quantification of gabapentin in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:360-8. [PMID: 16112830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of gabapentin, a new antiepileptic drug, in human plasma using its structural analogue, 1,1-cyclohexane diacetic acid monoamide (CAM) as internal standard. The method involved a simple protein precipitation by means of acetonitrile followed by a rapid isocratic elution with 10mM ammonium formate buffer/acetonitrile (20/80, v/v, pH 3.0) on Waters Symmetry C(18 reversed phase chromatographic column and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 172-->154 and m/z 200-->182 were used to measure the analyte and the IS, respectively. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 40-10000 ng/mL for gabapentin in human plasma. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification in human plasma were 10 and 40 ng/mL, respectively. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve ranges. A run time of 2 min for each sample made it possible to analyze a throughput of more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V S Ramakrishna
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road # 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India.
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Nirogi RVS, Kandikere VN, Shukla M, Mudigonda K, Shrivasthava W, Datla PV, Yerramilli A. Simultaneous quantification of cilostazol and its primary metabolite 3,4-dehydrocilostazol in human plasma by rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:780-90. [PMID: 16440196 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of cilostazol and its primary metabolite 3,4-dehydrocilostazol in human plasma using mosapride as an internal standard. The method involves a simple one-step liquid-liquid extraction with a diethyl ether and dichloromethane mixture (7:3). The analytes were chromatographed using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed-phase C18 column and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ ions, m/z 370/288 for cilostazol, m/z 368/286 for 3,4-dehydrocilostazol and m/z 422/198 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 5-2,000 ng/mL for cilostazol and 5-400 ng/mL for 3,4-dehydrocilostazol in human plasma. The lower limit of quantitation was 5 ng/mL for both cilostazol and its metabolite. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve ranges. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetics, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna V S Nirogi
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road no. 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 500034, India.
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Zou P, Oh SSY, Hou P, Low MY, Koh HL. Simultaneous determination of synthetic phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors found in a dietary supplement and pre-mixed bulk powders for dietary supplements using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1104:113-22. [PMID: 16364350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method and a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method were developed to screen for the presence of synthetic phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and their analogues, namely sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, homosildenafil, acetildenafil and hydroxyhomosildenafil. The methods were applied to pre-market samples submitted to the Health Sciences Authority of Singapore (HSA) for testing. One sample was in the form of capsules while six other samples were pre-mixed bulk powder samples for dietary supplements to be repackaged or formulated into the final dosage forms (usually capsules). Identification of PDE-5 inhibitors and their analogues was achieved by comparing individual peak retention times, UV spectra and mass spectra with those of reference standards. The seven samples were found to contain at least one of the following compounds: sildenafil, vardenafil, hydroxyhomosildenafil, homosildenafil and acetildenafil. The five compounds were simultaneously determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) scan mode. The method has been validated for accuracy, precision, linearity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Ramakrishna NVS, Vishwottam KN, Koteshwara M, Manoj S, Santosh M, Varma DP. Rapid quantification of nebivolol in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:1006-13. [PMID: 16006083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the quantitation of nebivolol in human plasma. The method involved a simple single-step liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether/dichloromethane (70/30). The analyte was chromatographed on Waters symmetry C18 reversed-phase chromatographic column by isocratic elution with water:acetonitrile:formic acid (30:70:0.03, v/v) and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 406.4-151.5 and m/z 409.1-228.1 were used to measure the analyte and the internal standard (I.S.), respectively. The chromatographic runtime was 2 min and the weighted (1/x2) calibration curves were linear over the range 50-10,000 pg/mL. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, absolute recovery, freeze-thaw stability, bench-top stability and re-injection reproducibility. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification in human plasma were 10 and 50 pg/mL, respectively. The within- and between-batch accuracy and precision were found to be well within acceptable limits (<10%). The analyte was stable after three freeze-thaw cycles (deviation <10%). The average absolute recoveries of nebivolol and tamsulosin, used as an internal standard, from spiked plasma samples were 73.4+/-3.7 and 72.1+/-2.0%, respectively. The assay method described here was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of nebivolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V S Ramakrishna
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road #7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India.
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Cheng CL, Chou CH. Determination of tadalafil in small volumes of plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 822:278-84. [PMID: 15996535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tadalafil is a potent reversible phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This study describes a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of tadalafil in 50 microl of rat plasma. Tadalafil and the internal standard lamotrigine were extracted with 0.5 ml of tert-butyl methyl ether, after the samples alkalinized with 20 microl of sodium hydroxide solution (1N). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water containing 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) (35/65, v/v), at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The eluant was detected at 290 nm. The retention time was about 4.5 min for lamotrigine and 15 min for tadalafil. No endogenous substances were found to interfere. Calibration curves were linear from 10 to 2000 ng/ml. The recovery of tadalafil from plasma was greater than 77%. The limit of quantitation was 10 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day imprecision (expressed as coefficient of variation, C.V.) did not exceed 10.7%, and the accuracy was within 5.9% deviation of the nominal concentration. The method is suitable in pharmacokinetic investigation and monitoring tadalafil concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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