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Magdy MA, Elgebaly AM, Taha AA, Ali NW, Farid NF. Two chromatographic methods for determination of cytarabine and dexamethazone; two co-administered drugs for the treatment of leukemia: green analytical perspective. BMC Chem 2024; 18:88. [PMID: 38698444 PMCID: PMC11067142 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Two sensitive, straightforward and repeatable chromatographic techniques were developed for the determination of Cytarabine HCl and Dexamethazone in their pure form and spiked human plasma without prior separation. The drugs are used co-administered for the treatment of Leukemia, a certain type of blood cancer. Method (A) is an isocratic chromatographic HPLC method; separation was accomplished on C18 column using the eluting mixture of 6.9 g/L Monobasic Sodium Phosphate pH 3: methanol (70:30, v/v) and detection was at 275 nm. Concentrations were in the range of 0.2-15 μg/mL for both CYT and DEX. Method (B) is a HPTLC method in which separation was attained on HPTLC F254 plates using methanol: ethyl acetate: ammonia, (7.8:2:0.2, by volume) as eluting solvents and detection was at 275 nm. Concentrations were in the range of 0.1-4 μg/band for both CYT and DEX. The parameters for system suitability testing were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the developed chromatographic procedures in terms of performance. The recently developed techniques were applied for the determination of the drugs under investigation in spiked human plasma. Validation parameters were examined in accordance with US-FDA criteria. All results were found to be within the acceptable ranges. To evaluate the greenness characters of the proposed methods to the environment; three greenness assessment tools including eco-scale assessments (ESA), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness calculator (AGREE) were used. Acceptable and satisfying results that demonstrated the greenness characteristics of the suggested methods were attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimana A Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Elgebaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Taha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty for Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourddin W Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Nehal F Farid
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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2
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Žuvela P, Skoczylas M, Jay Liu J, Ba Czek T, Kaliszan R, Wong MW, Buszewski B, Héberger K. Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3674-3729. [PMID: 30604951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most popular chromatographic mode, accounting for more than 90% of all separations. HPLC itself owes its immense popularity to it being relatively simple and inexpensive, with the equipment being reliable and easy to operate. Due to extensive automation, it can be run virtually unattended with multiple samples at various separation conditions, even by relatively low-skilled personnel. Currently, there are >600 RP-HPLC columns available to end users for purchase, some of which exhibit very large differences in selectivity and production quality. Often, two similar RP-HPLC columns are not equally suitable for the requisite separation, and to date, there is no universal RP-HPLC column covering a variety of analytes. This forces analytical laboratories to keep a multitude of diverse columns. Therefore, column selection is a crucial segment of RP-HPLC method development, especially since sample complexity is constantly increasing. Rationally choosing an appropriate column is complicated. In addition to the differences in the primary intermolecular interactions with analytes of the dispersive (London) type, individual columns can also exhibit a unique character owing to specific polar, hydrogen bond, and electron pair donor-acceptor interactions. They can also vary depending on the type of packing, amount and type of residual silanols, "end-capping", bonding density of ligands, and pore size, among others. Consequently, the chromatographic performance of RP-HPLC systems is often considerably altered depending on the selected column. Although a wide spectrum of knowledge is available on this important subject, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review for an objective comparison and/or selection of chromatographic columns. We aim for this review to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and easily readable monograph of the most relevant publications regarding column selection and characterization in RP-HPLC covering the past four decades. Future perspectives, which involve the integration of state-of-the-art molecular simulations (molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) with minimal experiments, aimed at nearly "experiment-free" column selection methodology, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Žuvela
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
| | - J Jay Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, 48-513 Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
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3
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Liu J, Li J, Zheng J, Wang C. Quantitative analysis of acid-catalyzed levulinic acid product mixture from cellulose by mixed-mode liquid chromatography. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:150-156. [PMID: 28732853 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A mixed-mode weak anion-exchange/reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) column was successfully applied for the analysis of levulinic acid (4-oxopentanoic acid, LA) product mixture derived from cellulose. Due to the existence of ionic and neutral byproducts, the analysis of the product mixture usually requires ion chromatography, LC and gas chromatography simultaneously. The new method enables accomplishment of the analysis in one LC run within 6min. LC mobile phase of 10mM phosphate buffer containing 5% acetonitrile with pH=5.5 was used. The linear regression coefficients for the UV signal of standard compounds with the corresponding mass concentrations were greater than 0.999. The method recoveries were between 98.57-103.48%. The limits of quantification were 5, 10,1000, 1500 and 3000ng/mL for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, acetic acid, formic acid and LA respectively. The mixed-mode column exhibits comprehensive separation mechanism of both reversed-phase and ion-exchange interactions. The mobile phase with different pH, organic modifier solvent and buffer concentration provided flexible LC method for the sample with different complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 1658 Pudong Beilu, Shanghai 201208, China.
| | - Jiwen Li
- Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 1658 Pudong Beilu, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Junlin Zheng
- Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 1658 Pudong Beilu, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 1658 Pudong Beilu, Shanghai 201208, China
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Vilches AP, Norström SH, Bylund D. Direct analysis of free amino acids by mixed-mode chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1482-1492. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paola Vilches
- Department of Natural Sciences; Mid Sweden University; Sundsvall Sweden
| | - Sara H. Norström
- Department of Natural Sciences; Mid Sweden University; Sundsvall Sweden
| | - Dan Bylund
- Department of Natural Sciences; Mid Sweden University; Sundsvall Sweden
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Guichard N, Guillarme D, Bonnabry P, Fleury-Souverain S. Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review. Analyst 2017; 142:2273-2321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the quantification of antineoplastic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guichard
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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6
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Zhang K, Liu X. Reprint of “Mixed-mode chromatography in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical applications”. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:19-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Mixed-mode chromatography in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:73-88. [PMID: 27236100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) is a fast growing area in recent years, thanks to the new generation of mixed-mode stationary phases and better understanding of multimode interactions. MMC has superior applications in the separation of compounds that are not retained or not well resolved by typical reversed-phase LC methods, especially for polar and charged molecules. Due to the multiple retention modes that a single MMC column can offer, often MMC provides additional dimension to a separation method by adjusting the mobile phase conditions. Mixed-mode media is also an effective way to clean up complex sample matrices for purification purposes or for sensitive detection of trace amounts of analytes. In this article, we discuss mixed-mode stationary phases and separation mechanisms and review recent advances in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical applications including the analysis and/or purification of counterions, small molecule drugs, impurities, formulation excipients, peptides and proteins.
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Drenberg CD, Paugh SW, Pounds SB, Shi L, Orwick SJ, Li L, Hu S, Gibson AA, Ribeiro RC, Rubnitz JE, Evans WE, Sparreboom A, Baker SD. Inherited variation in OATP1B1 is associated with treatment outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 99:651-60. [PMID: 26663398 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using broad interrogation of clinically relevant drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) genes on the DMET platform, we identified a genetic variant in SLCO1B1 (rs2291075; c.597C>T), encoding the transporter OATP1B1, associated with event-free (P = 0.006, hazard ratio = 1.74) and overall survival (P = 0.012, hazard ratio = 1.85) in children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Lack of SLCO1B1 expression in leukemic blasts suggested the association might be due to an inherited rather than a somatic effect. rs2291075 was in strong linkage with known functional variants rs2306283 (c.388A>G) and rs4149056 (c.521T>C). Functional studies in vitro determined that four AML-directed chemotherapeutics (cytarabine, daunorubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone) are substrates for OATP1B1 and the mouse ortholog Oatp1b2. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies using Oatp1b2-deficient mice further confirmed our results. Collectively, these findings demonstrate an important role for OATP1B1 in the systemic pharmacokinetics of multiple drugs used in the treatment of AML and suggest that inherited variability in host transporter function influences the effectiveness of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Drenberg
- College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S W Paugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - S B Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - S J Orwick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - S Hu
- College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A A Gibson
- College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - R C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J E Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - W E Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - A Sparreboom
- College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S D Baker
- College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Drenberg CD, Hu S, Li L, Buelow DR, Orwick SJ, Gibson AA, Schuetz JD, Sparreboom A, Baker SD. ABCC4 Is a Determinant of Cytarabine-Induced Cytotoxicity and Myelosuppression. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:51-9. [PMID: 26842729 PMCID: PMC4905720 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cytarabine remains a major challenge in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Based on previous studies implicating ABCC4/MRP4 in the transport of nucleosides, we hypothesized that cytarabine is sensitive to ABCC4‐mediated efflux, thereby decreasing its cytotoxic response against AML blasts. The uptake of cytarabine and its monophosphate metabolite was found to be facilitated in ABCC4‐expressing vesicles and intracellular retention was significantly impaired by overexpression of human ABCC4 or mouse Abcc4 (P < 0.05). ABCC4 was expressed highly in AML primary blasts and cell lines, and cytotoxicity of cytarabine in cells was increased in the presence of the ABCC4 inhibitors MK571 or sorafenib, as well as after ABCC4 siRNA. In Abcc4‐null mice, cytarabine‐induced hematological toxicity was enhanced and ex vivo colony‐forming assays showed that Abcc4‐deficiency sensitized myeloid progenitors to cytarabine. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that ABCC4 plays a protective role against cytarabine‐mediated insults in leukemic and host myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Drenberg
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - D R Buelow
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S J Orwick
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A A Gibson
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - A Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Wang D, Xiao Q, Yang W, Qian W, Yang J. HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of MB07133 and its metabolites, cytarabine and arabinofuranosyluracil, in rat plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:228-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Prasad BB, Singh R, Kumar A. Gold nanorods vs. gold nanoparticles: application in electrochemical sensing of cytosine β-d-arabinoside using metal ion mediated molecularly imprinted polymer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of an anticancer drug (cytosine arabinoside, Ara-C) in body fluids is very important due to its pharmaceutical and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Bali Prasad
- Analytical Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Ragini Singh
- Analytical Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Anil Kumar
- Analytical Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
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12
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Liang D, Wang W, Jiang X, Yin S. Simultaneous determination of 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine and two metabolites, 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosyluracil and 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate in leukemic cell by HPLC-MS/MS and the application to cell pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 962:14-19. [PMID: 24880220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A specific and reliable HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosyluracil (ara-U) and 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate (ara-CTP) in the leukemic cells for the first time. The analytes were separated on a C18 column (100mm×2.1mm, 1.8μm) and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used for detection. The ion-pairing reagent, NFPA, was added to the mobile phase to retain the analytes in the column. The cell homogenates sample was prepared by the simple protein precipitation. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 3.45-3450.0ng/mL for ara-C, 1.12-1120.0ng/mL for ara-U and 4.13-4130.0ng/mL for ara-CTP. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 15% and the relative error (RE) were all within ±15%. The validated method was successfully applied to assess the disposition characteristics of ara-C and support cell pharmacokinetics after the patients with leukemia were intravenously infused with SDAC and HiDAC. The result of the present study would provide the valuable information for the ara-C therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang Distrct, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang Distrct, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Xuechun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang Distrct, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shiliang Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 Huanghebei Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110034, China
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Liao C, Chang S, Hu S, Tang Z, Fu G. Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosyluracil in human plasma and application to therapeutic drug monitoring in patient with leukemia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 85:118-22. [PMID: 23933564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A specific and reliable HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of ara-U in human plasma. The analyte was separated on a C18 column (50 mm × 2.1mm, 1.7 μm) and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied for detection. The plasma sample was prepared by a simple protein precipitation pretreatment and the recovery was about 80%. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 1.0-7000.0 ng/mL for ara-U. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 15% and the relative error (RE) was all within ± 15%. It was successfully applied to assess the disposition characteristics of ara-U and support the therapeutic drug monitoring after the patients with leukemia were infused with ara-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrong Liao
- College of Science, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Giannetti V, Mariani MB, Mannino P. Furosine as a Pasta Quality Marker: Evaluation by an Innovative and Fast Chromatographic Approach. J Food Sci 2013; 78:C994-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Giannetti
- Dept. of Management; Sapienza Univ. of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 9; 00161 Rome; Italy
| | | | - Paola Mannino
- Dept. of Management; Sapienza Univ. of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 9; 00161 Rome; Italy
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Yang Y, Geng X. Mixed-mode chromatography and its applications to biopolymers. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8813-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85:2265-89. [PMID: 21962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.
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Abstract
Background: Cytarabine is an anti-tumor drug that is currently under investigation for treatment in combination with other anticancer drugs for the chemotherapy of leukemia. The quantitative determination of cytarabine in plasma is challenging due to the required sensitivity, its in vitro instability and the presence of an isobaric endogenous compound, cytidine. Owing to the polarity of cytarabine, conventional chromatography cannot provide adequate separation of the analyte and the interfering compounds. A few analytical methods have been reported for the determination of cytarabine in plasma, but their sensitivity was not sufficient since most of these methods apply spectrophotometric detection. Results: In this article, an LC–MS/MS method is described for the determination of cytarabine in human plasma down to the sub ng/ml level. To prevent conversion of cytarabine by cytidine deaminase, whole blood samples were stabilized with tetrahydrouridine directly after the collection of whole blood at the clinical site. Cation-exchange SPE was employed to extract cytarabine from 50 µl human plasma. UHPLC on high strength silica T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm × 1.8 µm) was applied to achieve adequate separation of cytarabine from cytidine within a reasonable run time of 5 min. A triple quad mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source was used for detection. Conclusion: The method was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.500–500 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (precision) as well as the bias (accuracy) were well below 15%. In the presence of tetrahydrouridine, cytarabine was sufficiently stable under all relevant conditions. The method was successfully applied to support a clinical pharmacokinetic study with a low dose of cytarabine.
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Multi-modal applicability of a reversed-phase/weak-anion exchange material in reversed-phase, anion-exchange, ion-exclusion, hydrophilic interaction and hydrophobic interaction chromatography modes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2517-30. [PMID: 21336792 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently introduced a mixed-mode reversed-phase/weak anion-exchange type separation material based on silica particles which consisted of a hydrophobic alkyl strand with polar embedded groups (thioether and amide functionalities) and a terminal weak anion-exchange-type quinuclidine moiety. This stationary phase was designed to separate molecules by lipophilicity and charge differences and was mainly devised for peptide separations with hydroorganic reversed-phase type elution conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the extraordinary flexibility of this RP/WAX phase, in particular for peptide separations, by illustrating its applicability in various chromatographic modes. The column packed with this material can, depending on the solute character and employed elution conditions, exploit attractive or repulsive electrostatic interactions, and/or hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions as retention and selectivity increments. As a consequence, the column can be operated in a reversed-phase mode (neutral compounds), anion-exchange mode (acidic compounds), ion-exclusion chromatography mode (cationic solutes), hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode (polar compounds), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography mode (e.g., hydrophobic peptides). Mixed-modes of these chromatographic retention principles may be materialized as well. This allows an exceptionally flexible adjustment of retention and selectivity by tuning experimental conditions. The distinct separation mechanisms will be outlined by selected examples of peptide separations in the different modes.
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Mistiran AF, Dzarr AA, Gan SH. HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous detection of Arabinoside-C and doxorubicin. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:472-81. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.503246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu X, Pohl CA. HILIC behavior of a reversed-phase/cation-exchange/anion-exchange trimode column. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:779-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Quantification of polar drugs in human plasma with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:187-203. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has played an important role in quantitative bioanalytical assays. This review summarizes the recent progress on quantification of polar drugs in plasma with LC–MS/MS. Various types of polar analytes were extracted using protein precipitation or solid-phase extraction and precolumn derivatization was utilized in some cases. The analytes were then separated using different types of chromatographic method, which included reversed-phase chromatography, aqueous normal-phase chromatography, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and ion-pairing chromatography. Stationary phases of mixed mode and porous graphitic carbon materials are gaining acceptance in bioanalytical applications. These technologies can be valuable supplements in the quantification of polar drugs in human plasma with LC–MS/MS. Matrix effects have also been discussed in this review.
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Sun Y, Sun J, Liu J, Yin S, Chen Y, Zhang P, Pu X, Sun Y, He Z. Rapid and sensitive hydrophilic interaction chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of glycyl-sarcosine in cell homogenates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:649-52. [PMID: 19201665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, selective and sensitive hydrophilic interaction chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC/MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of glycyl-sarcosine (Gly-Sar) in Caco-2 cell homogenates. After a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the analyte was separated on a HILIC column and detected by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The method was linear among the concentration range of 1-2000 ng/mL for Gly-Sar and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL using as l ittle as 50 microL of cell homogenates. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 15% and the relative errors (RE) were all within +/-15%. The validated method was successfully employed in the study of Gly-Sar uptake inhibition in Caco-2 cells by valcytarabine, a potential substrate of the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Lämmerhofer M, Richter M, Wu J, Nogueira R, Bicker W, Lindner W. Mixed-mode ion-exchangers and their comparative chromatographic characterization in reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography elution modes. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2572-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sun Y, Sun J, Wen B, Shi S, Xu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Pan C, Zhang C, Zhang T, He Z. High-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of cytarabine and its valyl prodrug valcytarabine in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 870:121-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hsieh Y. Potential of HILIC-MS in quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and drug metabolites. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1481-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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