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D'Atri V, Imiołek M, Quinn C, Finny A, Lauber M, Fekete S, Guillarme D. Size exclusion chromatography of biopharmaceutical products: From current practices for proteins to emerging trends for viral vectors, nucleic acids and lipid nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464862. [PMID: 38581978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The 21st century has been particularly productive for the biopharmaceutical industry, with the introduction of several classes of innovative therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and related compounds, gene therapy products, and RNA-based modalities. All these new molecules are susceptible to aggregation and fragmentation, which necessitates a size variant analysis for their comprehensive characterization. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is one of the reference techniques that can be applied. The analytical techniques for mAbs are now well established and some of them are now emerging for the newer modalities. In this context, the objective of this review article is: i) to provide a short historical background on SEC, ii) to suggest some clear guidelines on the selection of packing material and mobile phase for successful method development in modern SEC; and iii) to highlight recent advances in SEC, such as the use of narrow-bore and micro-bore columns, ultra-wide pore columns, and low-adsorption column hardware. Some important innovations, such as recycling SEC, the coupling of SEC with mass spectrometry, and the use of alternative detectors such as charge detection mass spectrometry and mass photometry are also described. In addition, this review discusses the use of SEC in multidimensional setups and shows some of the most recent advances at the preparative scale. In the third part of the article, the possibility of SEC for the characterization of new modalities is also reviewed. The final objective of this review is to provide a clear summary of opportunities and limitations of SEC for the analysis of different biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Abraham Finny
- Waters Corporation, Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Aebischer MK, Chapel S, Guillarme D, Heinisch S. Theoretical and practical guidelines for solvent dilution between the two dimensions in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464725. [PMID: 38364617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (online LC x LC) has become increasingly popular. Among the different chromatographic modes that can be combined, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) are particularly interesting because they offer a high degree of orthogonality. However, this combination remains complex due to the incompatibility of the solvents in the two dimensions. To avoid this problem, it is possible to dilute the first dimension (1D) effluent with (zdilution -1) volumes of a weaker solvent added to one volume of 1D-effluent, where zdilution represents the extent to which the fraction volume has been multiplied. This can be done using either active solvent modulation technology or an additional pump, prior to the second dimension analysis. The objective of this study was to develop theoretical models to predict whether or not dilution can be effective, and, if so, what is the minimum zdilution value required. This approach is based on the calculation of the ratio (called xdilution) between the peak standard deviation due to the injection process and the peak standard deviation in the absence of extra-column dispersion. xdilution was calculated from theoretical relationships and plotted as a function of zdilution, to predict the value required to obtain good peak shapes for the compound of interest. The maximum xdilution value was found to be of the order of 1 for chromatographically acceptable peak shapes. The proposed theoretical approach was experimentally validated on a number of representative small molecules and peptides. Agreement between experimental results and theoretical models was very high, especially for small molecules. Finally, it is shown that this approach helps to predict the most appropriate set of conditions in HILIC x RPLC, depending on the compounds to be separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megane K Aebischer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Soraya Chapel
- Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, Université Rouen Normandie, FR3038 INC3M, Unirouen, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Bouvarel T, Camperi J, Guillarme D. Multi-dimensional technology - Recent advances and applications for biotherapeutic characterization. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300928. [PMID: 38471977 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the latest advancements and applications in multi-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (mD-LC-MS), covering aspects such as inter-laboratory studies, digestion strategy, trapping column, and multi-level analysis. The shift from an offline to an online workflow reduces sample processing artifacts, analytical variability, analysis time, and the labor required for data acquisition. Over the past few years, this technique has demonstrated sufficient maturity for application across a diverse range of complex products. Moreover, there is potential for this strategy to evolve into an integrated process analytical technology tool for the real-time monitoring of monoclonal antibody quality. This review also identifies emerging trends, including its application to new modalities, the possibility of evaluating biological activity within the mD-LC set-up, and the consideration of multi-dimensional capillary electrophoresis as an alternative to mD-LC. As mD-LC-MS continues to evolve and integrate emerging trends, it holds the potential to shape the next generation of analytical tools, offering exciting possibilities for enhanced characterization and monitoring of complex biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bouvarel
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julien Camperi
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Pérez-Robles R, Fekete S, Kormány R, Navas N, Guillarme D. Improved sample introduction approach in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography to avoid breakthrough of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464498. [PMID: 37980809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
When therapeutic proteins are analysed under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) conditions, there is an inherent mismatch between the sample diluent (proteins must be solubilised in aqueous media) and the mobile phase, which is mostly composed of aprotic solvent (acetonitrile). This difference in eluent strength between sample diluent and mobile phase is responsible for severe analyte breakthrough and peak distortion. As demonstrated with therapeutic proteins of different sizes (insulin of 6 kDa, anakinra of 17 kDa and rituximab subunits of 25 and 50 kDa), only very small volumes of 0.1-0.2 µL can be injected without breakthrough effects, when performing rapid analysis on short HILIC columns of 20-50 mm, leading to poor sensitivity. In order to avoid the undesired effect of the strong sample diluent, a special injection program should be preferred. This consists in the addition and automatic injection of a defined volume of weak solvent (acetonitrile) along with the sample to increase retention factors during sample loading. Various injection programs were tested, including the addition of a pre-injection or post-injection or both (bracketed injection) of acetonitrile plugs. Several weak to strong injection solvent ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:10 were tested. Our work proves that the addition of a pre-plug solvent with a weak vs. strong injection solvent ratio of 1:10 is a valuable strategy to inject relatively large volumes of proteins in HILIC, regardless of column dimensions, thus maximising sensitivity. No peak deformation or breakthrough was observed under these conditions. However, it is important to note that peak broadening (40 % larger peaks) was observed when the injection program increased the injection solvent ratio from 1:1 to 1:10. Finally, this strategy was applied to a wide range of therapeutic mAb products with different physico-chemical properties. In all cases, relatively large volumes can be successfully injected onto small volume HILIC columns using a purely aqueous sample diluent, as long as an appropriate (weak) solvent pre-injection is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pérez-Robles
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental-Alejandro Otero, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Róbert Kormány
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Keresztúri út 30-38, 1106, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natalia Navas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Lathuiliere A, Vernet R, Charrier E, Urwyler M, Von Rohr O, Belkouch MC, Saingier V, Bouvarel T, Guillarme D, Engel A, Salmon P, Laumonier T, Grogg J, Mach N. Erratum: Immortalized human myoblast cell lines for the delivery of therapeutic proteins using encapsulated cell technology. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101130. [PMID: 37868208 PMCID: PMC10585318 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.07.017.].
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Duivelshof BL, Bouvarel T, Pirner S, Larraillet V, Knaupp A, Koll H, D’Atri V, Guillarme D. Enhancing Selectivity of Protein Biopharmaceuticals in Ion Exchange Chromatography through Addition of Organic Modifiers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16623. [PMID: 38068945 PMCID: PMC10706461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge heterogeneity among therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is considered an important critical quality attribute and requires careful characterization to ensure safe and efficacious drug products. The charge heterogeneity among mAbs is the result of chemical and enzymatic post-translational modifications and leads to the formation of acidic and basic variants that can be characterized using cation exchange chromatography (CEX). Recently, the use of mass spectrometry-compatible salt-mediated pH gradients has gained increased attention to elute the proteins from the charged stationary phase material. However, with the increasing antibody product complexity, more and more selectivity is required. Therefore, in this study, we set out to improve the selectivity by using a solvent-enriched mobile phase composition for the analysis of a variety of mAbs and bispecific antibody products. It was found that the addition of the solvents to the mobile phase appeared to modify the hydrate shell surrounding the protein and alter the retention behavior of the studied proteins. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the use of solvent-enriched mobile phase composition could be an attractive additional method parameter during method development in CEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Laurens Duivelshof
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Hans Koll
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Pérez-Robles R, Fekete S, Navas N, Guillarme D. Practical study on the impact of injection conditions in gradient elution mode for the analysis of therapeutic proteins when using very short columns. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464359. [PMID: 37717303 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The impact of injected sample volume on apparent efficiency has been studied for very short columns in a systematic way. For large molecules such as therapeutic proteins, it was found that relatively large volumes can be injected onto ultra-short RPLC and IEX columns (i.e. L < 50 mm) without significantly affecting the quality of the separation. This favourable behavior is due to the on-off elution mechanism of large molecules and to the fact that therapeutic protein samples are formulated in aqueous-based media, which is the weakest solvent in RPLC and IEX. Therefore, their peak is strongly focused at the column inlet even when large volume is injected, and pre-column peak dispersion is compensated. However, ultra-short HILIC columns do not seem to be favorable, as they require for very low injection volume to avoid detrimental peak splitting and breakthrough effects. Such peak distortion is related to the inherent solvent mismatch between sample diluent (aqueous) and mobile phase strength (highly organic in HILIC). When studying mass load, the ranking of the elution modes was the same, and the largest relative mass could be injected onto IEX columns (as large as 10% sample to sorbent mass), without affecting the separation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pérez-Robles
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental-Alejandro Otero, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Navas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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8
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Douez E, D'Atri V, Guillarme D, Antier D, Guerriaud M, Beck A, Watier H, Foucault-Fruchard L. Why is there no biosimilar of Erbitux®? J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115544. [PMID: 37418870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies have been a major advance in oncology patient care, even though they represent a significant healthcare cost. Biosimilars, launched in Europe in 2004 are an economically attractive alternative to expensive originator biological drugs. They also increase the competitiveness of pharmaceutical development. This article focuses on the case of Erbitux® (cetuximab). This anti-EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) monoclonal antibody is indicated for metastatic colorectal cancer (2004) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2006). However, despite the expiration of the patent in Europe in 2014 and estimated annual sales of 1.681 million US dollars in 2022, Erbitux® has not yet faced any approved biosimilar challenges in the United States or in Europe. Here, we outline the unique structural complexity of this antibody highlighted by advanced orthogonal analytical characterization strategies resulting in risks to demonstrate biosimilarity, which may explain the lack of Erbitux® biosimilars in the European and US markets to date. The development of Erbitux® biobetters are also discussed as alternative strategies to biosimilars. These biologics offer expected additional safety and potency benefits over the reference product but require a full pharmaceutical and clinical development as for New Molecular Entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Douez
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; EA6295, Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Antier
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Mathieu Guerriaud
- CREDIMI Laboratory EA 7532 and Laboratory of Excellence LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Faculty of Health Sciences (Pharmacy), University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF - Centre D'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- Immunology Laboratory, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Laura Foucault-Fruchard
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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Fekete S, Guillarme D. Ultra-short columns for the chromatographic analysis of large molecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464285. [PMID: 37562104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Today, reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) analysis of proteins is almost exclusively performed on conventional columns (100-150 mm) in gradient elution mode. However, it was shown many years ago that large molecules present an on/off retention mechanism, and that only a very short inlet segment of the chromatographic column retains effectively the large molecules. Much shorter columns - like only a few centimetres or even a few millimetres - can therefore be used to efficiently analyse such macromolecules. The aim of this review is to summarise the historical and more recent works related to the use of very short columns for the analysis of model and therapeutic proteins. To this end, we have outlined the theoretical concepts behind the use of short columns, as well as the instrumental limitations and potential applications. Finally, we have shown that these very short columns were also possibly interesting for other chromatographic modes, such as ion exchange chromatography (IEX), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) or hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), as analyses in these chromatographic modes are performed in gradient elution mode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Lardeux H, Fekete S, Lauber M, D'Atri V, Guillarme D. High-Throughput Chromatographic Separation of Oligonucleotides: A Proof of Concept Using Ultra-Short Columns. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37384898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) is the reference separation technique for characterizing oligonucleotides (ONs) and their related impurities. The aim of this study was to better understand the retention mechanism of ONs, evaluate the applicability of the linear solvent strength (LSS) retention model, and explore the potential of ultra-short columns having a length of only 5 mm for the separation of model ONs. First, the validity of the LSS model was evaluated for ONs having sizes comprised between 3 and 30 kDa, and the accuracy of retention time predictions was assessed. It was found that ONs in IP-RPLC conditions follow an "on-off" elution behavior, despite a molecular weight lower than that of proteins. For most linear gradient separation conditions, a column length between 5 and 35 mm was found to be appropriate. Ultra-short columns of only 5 mm were therefore explored to speed up separations by considering the impact of the instrumentation on the efficiency. Interestingly, the impacts of injection volume and post-column connection tubing on peak capacity were found to be negligible. Finally, it was demonstrated that longer columns would not improve selectivity or separation efficiency, but baseline separation of three model ONs mixtures was enabled in as little as 30 s on the 5 mm column. This proof-of-concept work paves the way for future investigations using more complex therapeutic ONs and their related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorine Lardeux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation, located in CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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11
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Aebischer MK, Bouvarel T, Barrozo E, Kochardt D, Elger C, Haindl M, Ruppert R, Guillarme D, D'Atri V. Boosting the Separation of Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Proteins by Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108503. [PMID: 37239849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purity of the three capsid proteins that make up recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is considered a critical quality attribute of gene therapy products. As such, there is a clear need to develop separation methods capable of rapidly characterizing these three viral proteins (VPs). In this study, the potential benefits and limitations of different electrophoretic and chromatographic methods were evaluated, including capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS), reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), for the analysis of VPs obtained from different serotypes (i.e., AAV2, AAV5, AAV8, and AAV9). CE-SDS is considered to be the reference method and provides a suitable separation of VP1-3 proteins using generic conditions and laser induced fluorescence detection. However, the characterization of post-translational modifications (i.e., phosphorylation, oxidation) remains difficult, and species identification is almost impossible due to the lack of compatibility between CE-SDS and mass spectrometry (MS). In contrast, RPLC and HILIC were found to be less generic than CE-SDS and require tedious optimization of the gradient conditions for each AAV serotype. However, these two chromatographic approaches are inherently compatible with MS, and were shown to be particularly sensitive in detecting capsid protein variants resulting from different post-translational modifications. Finally, despite being non-denaturing, HIC offers disappointing performance for viral capsid proteins characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megane K Aebischer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmalyn Barrozo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Carsten Elger
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Markus Haindl
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Ruppert
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Chapel S, Rouvière F, Guillarme D, Heinisch S. Reversed HILIC Gradient: A Powerful Strategy for On-Line Comprehensive 2D-LC. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093907. [PMID: 37175317 PMCID: PMC10179806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of reversed hydrophilic interaction chromatography (revHILIC) mode in liquid chromatography (LC). This chromatographic mode consists of combining a highly polar stationary phase (bare silica) with a gradient varying from very low (1-5%) to high (40%) acetonitrile content (reversed gradient compared to HILIC). The retention behavior of revHILIC was first compared with that of reversed-phase LC (RPLC) and HILIC using representative mixtures of peptides and pharmaceutical compounds. It appears that the achievable selectivity can be ranked in the order RPLC > revHILIC > HILIC with the two different samples. Next, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) conditions were evaluated by combining RPLC, revHILIC, or HILIC with RPLC in an on-line comprehensive (LC × LC) mode. evHILIC × RPLC not only showed impressive performance in terms of peak capacity and sensitivity, but also provided complementary selectivity compared to RPLC × RPLC and HILIC × RPLC. Indeed, both the elution order and the retention time range differ significantly between the three techniques. In conclusion, there is no doubt that revHILIC should be considered as a viable option for 2D-LC analysis of small molecules and also peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Chapel
- Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280, CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280, CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280, CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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13
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Girel S, Guillarme D, Fekete S, Rudaz S, González-Ruiz V. Investigation of several chromatographic approaches for untargeted profiling of central carbon metabolism. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1697:463994. [PMID: 37086708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the central carbon metabolism (CCM) network using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis is hampered by the diverse chemical nature of its analytes, which are extremely difficult to analyze using single chromatographic conditions. Furthermore, CCM-related compounds present non-specific adsorption on metal surfaces, causing detrimental chromatographic effects and sensitivity loss. In this study, polar reversed-phase, mixed-mode (MMC), and zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) featuring low-adsorption hardware were investigated towards untargeted analysis of biological samples with a focus on energy metabolism-related analytes. Best results were achieved with sulfoalkylbetaine HILIC with different supports, where polymeric option featured the highest coverage and inert hybrid silica facilitated best throughput and kinetic performance at a cost of less selectivity for small carboxylic acids. MMC demonstrated excellent performance for strongly anionic analytes such as multiresidue phosphates. The obtained experimental data also suggested that an additional hydrophilic modulation might be necessary to facilitate better resolution of carboxylic acids in zHILIC mode, as found during the application of the developed method to study the effect of two different mutations on the energy metabolism of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Girel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation, located in CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
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14
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Butré CI, D'Atri V, Diemer H, Colas O, Wagner E, Beck A, Cianferani S, Guillarme D, Delobel A. Interlaboratory Evaluation of a User-Friendly Benchtop Mass Spectrometer for Multiple-Attribute Monitoring Studies of a Monoclonal Antibody. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062855. [PMID: 36985827 PMCID: PMC10053224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest to market increasingly safer and more potent biotherapeutic proteins, the concept of the multi-attribute method (MAM) has emerged from biopharmaceutical companies to boost the quality-by-design process development. MAM strategies rely on state-of-the-art analytical workflows based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify and quantify a selected series of critical quality attributes (CQA) in a single assay. Here, we aimed at evaluating the repeatability and robustness of a benchtop LC-MS platform along with bioinformatics data treatment pipelines for peptide mapping-based MAM studies using standardized LC-MS methods, with the objective to benchmark MAM methods across laboratories, taking nivolumab as a case study. Our results evidence strong interlaboratory consistency across LC-MS platforms for all CQAs (i.e., deamidation, oxidation, lysine clipping and glycosylation). In addition, our work uniquely highlights the crucial role of bioinformatics postprocessing in MAM studies, especially for low-abundant species quantification. Altogether, we believe that MAM has fostered the development of routine, robust, easy-to-use LC-MS platforms for high-throughput determination of major CQAs in a regulated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire I Butré
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536 Thuin, Belgium
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint-Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Elsa Wagner
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint-Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint-Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Delobel
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536 Thuin, Belgium
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15
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Bouvarel T, Bremeyer N, Gao M, Holkenjans W, Hetzel T, Pell R, D’Atri V, Guillarme D. Tackling Issues Observed during the Development of a Liquid Chromatography Method for Small Molecule Quantification in Antibody-Chelator Conjugate. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062626. [PMID: 36985597 PMCID: PMC10055815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of targeted radionuclide therapy, antibody-chelator conjugates (ACCs) are an evolving class of antibody-related drugs with promising applications as tumor-targeted pharmaceuticals. Generally, a typical ACC consists of a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) coupled to radionuclide via a chelating agent. Characterizing the ACC structure represents an analytical challenge since various impurities must be constantly monitored in the presence of formulation components during the quality control (QC) process. In this contribution, a reliable method devoted to the monitoring of an ACC sample, and its small molecule-related synthesis impurities, has been developed via liquid chromatography (LC). A problem-solving approach of common analytical issues was used to highlight some major issues encountered during method development. This included separation of poorly retained impurities (issue #1); interferences from the formulation components (issue #2); analysis of impurities in presence of ACC at high concentration (issue #3); and recovery of impurities during the whole analytical procedure (issue #4). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a chromatographic method for the analysis of ACC synthesis impurities is presented. In addition, the developed approach has the potential to be more widely applied to the characterization of similar ACCs and other antibody-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bouvarel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Mimi Gao
- Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-33-58
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Barrientos RC, Losacco GL, Azizi M, Wang H, Nguyen AN, Shchurik V, Singh A, Richardson D, Mangion I, Guillarme D, Regalado EL, Haidar Ahmad IA. Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Screening Combined with In Silico Optimization as a Framework for Nondenaturing Analysis and Purification of Biopharmaceuticals. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17131-17141. [PMID: 36441925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mounting complexity of new modalities in the biopharmaceutical industry entails a commensurate level of analytical innovations to enable the rapid discovery and development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) has become one of the widely preferred separation techniques for the analysis and purification of biopharmaceuticals under nondenaturing conditions. Inarguably, HIC method development remains very challenging and labor-intensive owing to the numerous factors that are typically optimized by a "hit-or-miss" strategy (e.g., the nature of the salt, stationary phase chemistry, temperature, mobile phase additive, and ionic strength). Herein, we introduce a new HIC method development framework composed of a fully automated multicolumn and multieluent platform coupled with in silico multifactorial simulation and integrated fraction collection for streamlined method screening, optimization, and analytical-scale purification of biopharmaceutical targets. The power and versatility of this workflow are showcased by a wide range of applications including trivial proteins, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), oxidation variants, and denatured proteins. We also illustrate convenient and rapid HIC method development outcomes from the effective combination of this screening setup with computer-assisted simulations. HIC retention models were built using readily available LC simulator software outlining less than a 5% difference between experimental and simulated retention times with a correlation coefficient of >0.99 for pharmaceutically relevant multicomponent mixtures. In addition, we demonstrate how this approach paves the path for a straightforward identification of first-dimension HIC conditions that are combined with mass spectrometry (MS)-friendly reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) detection in the second dimension (heart-cutting two-dimensional (2D)-HIC-RPLC-diode array detector (DAD)-MS), enabling the analysis and purification of biopharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodell C Barrientos
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mohammadmehdi Azizi
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Heather Wang
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anh Nguyet Nguyen
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Vladimir Shchurik
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andrew Singh
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Douglas Richardson
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 11 Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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17
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Guillarme D, Rouvière F, Heinisch S. Theoretical and practical comparison of RPLC and RPLC × RPLC: how to consider dilution effects and sensitivity in addition to separation power? Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2357-2369. [PMID: 36323885 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to provide an unbiased comparison of one-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography (1D-RPLC) and comprehensive two-dimensional RPLC (RPLC × RPLC), through calculations and experimental verifications. For this purpose, various quality descriptors were evaluated, including peak capacity, analysis time, dilution factor, number of runs in the second dimension, and injection volume. The same strategy was applied to small pharmaceuticals and peptides. Whatever the analysis time between 30 and 200 min, short columns of only 30 × 2.1 mm packed with sub-2-µm particles should be selected in both dimensions of the 2D-LC setup to obtain the best compromise in terms of peak capacity and sensitivity. The peak capacity in RPLC × RPLC vs. RPLC was significantly improved for analysis times beyond 5 min. However, extra-column volume located after the second-dimension column was found to be particularly critical for peptides, and up to 50% lower peak capacity was observed with MS vs. UV detection. Contrary to common belief, higher dilution is not always observed in RPLC × RPLC. With adequate analytical conditions, better sensitivity (in theory fivefold and in practice three- to fivefold) could be achieved in RPLC × RPLC compared to 1D-RPLC, regardless of the analysis time.
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18
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Murisier A, D’Atri V, Pirner S, Larraillet V, Fekete S, Lauber M, Guillarme D. Ultra-Fast Middle-Up Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Complex Bispecific Antibodies Obtained in Less Than One Minute. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2315. [PMID: 36365134 PMCID: PMC9698801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work illustrates the benefits and limitations of using ultra-short reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) columns for the characterization of various complex bispecific antibodies after prolonged thermal stress at the middle-up level of analysis. First, we have demonstrated that alternative organic modifiers, such as isopropanol, can be used in RPLC mode without generating excessive pressure, thanks to the prototype 10 × 2.1 mm, 2.7 µm particle column. However, compared to acetonitrile, the selectivity was not improved, at least for the selected biopharmaceutical products. Importantly, very fast separations (sub-1 min) of high quality were systematically obtained for the different samples when using a spectroscopic detector, but a severe loss of performance was observed with mass spectrometry (MS) detection due to dispersion effects. Based on these results, there is a clear need to improve the interfacing between LC and MS (shorter/thinner tubing) to mitigate band broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Aebischer MK, Gizardin-Fredon H, Lardeux H, Kochardt D, Elger C, Haindl M, Ruppert R, Guillarme D, D’Atri V. Anion-Exchange Chromatography at the Service of Gene Therapy: Baseline Separation of Full/Empty Adeno-Associated Virus Capsids by Screening of Conditions and Step Gradient Elution Mode. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012332. [PMID: 36293189 PMCID: PMC9604245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is opening unprecedented opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches. Based on the concept of rescuing function mutations by co-expressing the correct gene to allow biological functions to be restored, it requires the use of viral vectors to ensure the proper delivery of therapeutic genes. In this context, recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are the most widely used vectors. Their biomanufacturing process requires the insertion of the therapeutic gene into the rAAV (full capsids). However, a percentage of rAAV that do not contain the desired gene (empty capsids), as well as partly filled capsids, might also be produced, potentially impacting the efficiency of the therapy. Therefore, the determination of the rAAV capsids’ full/empty ratio needs to be monitored to ensure consistent product quality and efficacy. Anion-exchange chromatography (AEX) can serve this need. In this contribution, thorough AEX method development, including a mobile phase, a stationary phase and gradient conditions, has highlighted its potential in supporting gene therapy. Taking advantage of the fact that viral capsids follow an “on/off” retention behavior, the application of a step gradient approach to the rAAV serotype 8 (rAAV8) allowed the unprecedented separation of rAAV8 full/empty capsids, with a resolution gain of 3.7 as compared to the resolution obtained with a fully optimized linear gradient. Finally, the developed analytical approach allowed a precise and accurate baseline separation and quantification of full and empty rAAV8 capsids, with the potential to be applied as a high-throughput quality control (QC) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megane K. Aebischer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Gizardin-Fredon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Honorine Lardeux
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Carsten Elger
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Markus Haindl
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Ruppert
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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20
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Bouvarel T, Duivelshof BL, Camperi J, Schlothauer T, Knaupp A, Stella C, Guillarme D. Extending the performance of FcRn and FcγRIIIa affinity liquid chromatography for protein biopharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463518. [PMID: 36155073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Affinity liquid chromatography using FcRn and FcγRIIIa columns can provide important information on the drug effector functions and the unique PK/PD properties of therapeutic mAbs. In this study, we propose a unique strategy to improve the performance of affinity chromatography by applying pH-gradient programs that incorporate multi-isocratic and negative gradient segments. These alternative gradient programs are known to greatly improve the separation of large solutes that follow a "bind-and-elute" type retention behavior. First, judicious optimization of the mobile phase compositions was performed to obtain a linear pH response. Then, with the developed strategy using multi-isocratic analysis conditions, the FcRn affinity separation selectivity for the analysis of oxidized mAb species was greatly improved. Furthermore, the introduction of negative gradient segments after each eluted peak improved the resolution between multiple glycosylated mAb species on the FcγRIIIa column. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy to improve the performance of affinity chromatography with mAb species, and could assist in the development of more accurate binding assays for important critical quality attributes related to FcRn and FcγRIIIa binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bouvarel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bastiaan L Duivelshof
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Julien Camperi
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Knaupp
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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21
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Duivelshof B, Zöldhegyi A, Guillarme D, Lauber M, Fekete S. Expediting the chromatographic analysis of COVID-19 antibody therapeutics with ultra-short columns, retention modeling and automated method development. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115039. [PMID: 36115204 PMCID: PMC9465490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the emergency use authorization (EUA) of several new therapeutics and vaccines. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were among those authorized for use, and they have served a purpose to provide passive immunity and to help minimize dangerous secondary effects in at-risk and hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. With an EUA submission, scientific data on a drug candidate is often collected near simultaneously alongside drug development. In such a situation, there is little time to allow misguided method development nor time to wait on traditional turnaround times. We have taken this dilemma as a chance to propose new means to expediting the chromatographic characterization of protein therapeutics. To this end, we have combined the use of automated, systematic modeling and ultrashort LC columns to quickly optimize high throughput RP, IEX, HILIC and SEC separations for two COVID-19-related mAbs. The development and verification of these four complementary analytical methods required only 2 days of experimental work. In the end, one chromatographic analysis can be performed with a sub-2 min run time such that it is feasible to comprehensively characterize a COVID-19 mAb cocktail by 4 different profiling techniques within a 1-hour turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Duivelshof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Lathuiliere A, Vernet R, Charrier E, Urwyler M, Von Rohr O, Belkouch MC, Saingier V, Bouvarel T, Guillarme D, Engel A, Salmon P, Laumonier T, Grogg J, Mach N. Immortalized human myoblast cell lines for the delivery of therapeutic proteins using encapsulated cell technology. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:441-458. [PMID: 36092361 PMCID: PMC9418741 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite many promising results obtained in previous preclinical studies, the clinical development of encapsulated cell technology (ECT) for the delivery of therapeutic proteins from macrocapsules is still limited, mainly due to the lack of an allogeneic cell line compatible with therapeutic application in humans. In our work, we generated an immortalized human myoblast cell line specifically tailored for macroencapsulation. In the present report, we characterized the immortalized myoblasts and described the engineering process required for the delivery of functional therapeutic proteins including a cytokine, monoclonal antibodies and a viral antigen. We observed that, when encapsulated, the novel myoblast cell line can be efficiently frozen, stored, and thawed, which limits the challenge imposed by the manufacture and supply of encapsulated cell-based therapeutic products. Our results suggest that this versatile allogeneic cell line represents the next step toward a broader development and therapeutic use of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Lathuiliere
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Remi Vernet
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emily Charrier
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- MaxiVAX SA, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Urwyler
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Von Rohr
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Belkouch
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Saingier
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Salmon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Laumonier
- Cell Therapy and Musculoskeletal Disorders Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Mach
- Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Oncology Division, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Fleury-Souverain S, Maurin J, Guillarme D, Rudaz S, Bonnabry P. Development and application of a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 23 antineoplastic drugs at trace levels. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115034. [PMID: 36095884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a method for the simultaneous quantification of 23 commonly used antineoplastic drugs in a hospital pharmacy, using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography separation coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS). The following drugs were investigated: 5-fluorouracil, cytarabine, ganciclovir, gemcitabine, dacarbazine, methotrexate, pemetrexed, busulfan, topotecan, rentitrexed, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, irinotecan, doxorubicin/epirubicin, vincristine, docetaxel, paclitaxel, daunorubicin, idarubicin, vinblastine, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. The chromatographic separation was performed on a phenyl-hexyl column (2.1 ×100 mm, 1.7 µm) with a gradient elution of methanol and water containing 10 mM ammonium formate adjusted to pH 4.9. All compounds were analyzed in less than 13 min and detected with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in MRM mode. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were comprised between 0.01 and 5 ng.mL-1, and between 0.5 and 5 ng.mL-1, respectively. Accuracies ranged between 117% and 83% at the LOQ, intermediate and upper LOQ concentrations, with relative standard deviations (RSD) inferior to 8%, for all the antineoplastic drugs. Finally, the UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface samples to evaluate the chemical contamination by these highly toxic compounds in a chemotherapy preparation unit in a hospital pharmacy with the purpose of monitoring the exposure of health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fleury-Souverain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - J Maurin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - S Rudaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - P Bonnabry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Lardeux H, Goyon A, Zhang K, Nguyen JM, Lauber MA, Guillarme D, D'Atri V. The impact of low adsorption surfaces for the analysis of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463324. [PMID: 35858489 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As interest in oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics is increasing, there is a need to develop suitable analytical methods able to properly analyze those molecules. However, an issue exists in the adsorption of ONs on different parts of the instrumentation during their analysis. The goal of the present paper was to comprehensively evaluate various types of bioinert materials used in ion-pairing reversed-phase (IP-RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) to mitigate this issue for 15- to 100-mer DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. The whole sample flow path was considered under both conditions, including chromatographic columns, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system, and ultraviolet (UV) flow cell. It was found that a negligible amount of non-specific adsorption might be attributable to the chromatographic instrumentation. However, the flow cell of a detector should be carefully subjected to sample-based conditioning, as the material used in the UV flow cell was found to significantly impact the peak shapes of the largest ONs (60- to 100-mer). Most importantly, we found that the choice of column hardware had the most significant impact on the extent of non-specific adsorption. Depending on the material used for the column walls and frits, adsorption can be more or less pronounced. It was proved that any type of bioinert RPLC/HILIC column hardware offered some clear benefits in terms of adsorption in comparison to their stainless-steel counterparts. Finally, the evaluation of a large set of ONs was performed, including a DNA duplex and DNA or RNA ONs having different base composition, furanose sugar, and modifications occurring at the phosphate linkage or at the sugar moiety. This work represents an important advance in understanding the overall ON adsorption, and it helps to define the best combination of materials when analyzing a wide range of unmodified and modified 20-mer DNA and RNA ONs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorine Lardeux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Goyon
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland.
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25
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Murisier A, Andrie M, Fekete S, Lauber M, D'Atri V, Iwan K, Guillarme D. Front Cover: Direct coupling of size exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry for the characterization of complex monoclonal antibody products. J Sep Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202270121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Deidda R, Losacco GL, Schelling C, Regalado EL, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography versus liquid chromatography for peptide analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Ahmad IAH, Losacco GL, Shchurik V, Wang X, Cohen RD, Herron AN, Aiken S, Fiorito D, Wang H, Reibarkh M, Nowak T, Makarov AA, Stoll DR, Guillarme D, Mangion I, Aggarwal VK, Yu JQ, Regalado EL. Trapping-Enrichment Multi-dimensional Liquid Chromatography with On-Line Deuterated Solvent Exchange for Streamlined Structure Elucidation at the Microgram Scale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117655. [PMID: 35139257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
At the forefront of chemistry and biology research, development timelines are fast-paced and large quantities of pure targets are rarely available. Herein, we introduce a new framework, which is built upon an automated, online trapping-enrichment multi-dimensional liquid chromatography platform (TE-Dt-mDLC) that enables: 1) highly efficient separation of complex mixtures in a first dimension (1 D-UV); 2) automated peak trapping-enrichment and buffer removal achieved through a sequence of H2 O and D2 O washes using an independent pump setup; and 3) a second dimension separation (2 D-UV-MS) with fully deuterated mobile phases and fraction collection to minimize protic residues for immediate NMR analysis while bypassing tedious drying processes and minimizing analyte degradation. Diverse examples of target isolation and characterization from organic synthesis and natural product chemistry laboratories are illustrated, demonstrating recoveries above 90 % using as little as a few micrograms of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Shchurik
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ryan D Cohen
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Alastair N Herron
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sheenagh Aiken
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Daniele Fiorito
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Heather Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Timothy Nowak
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Dwight R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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28
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Guillarme D, Bouvarel T, Rouvière F, Heinisch S. A simple mathematical treatment for predicting linear solvent strength behaviour in gradient elution: application to biomolecules. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3276-3285. [PMID: 35562641 PMCID: PMC9543774 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an approach to rapidly and easily calculate the linear solvent strength parameters, namely log k0 and S, under reversed‐phase liquid chromatography conditions. This approach, which requires two preliminary gradient experiments to determine the retention parameters, was applied to various representative compounds including small molecules, peptides, and proteins. The retention time prediction errors were compared to the ones obtained with a commercial HPLC modeling software, and a good correlation was found between the values. However, two important constraints have to be accounted for to maintain good predictions with this new approach: i) the retention factor at the initial composition of the preliminary gradient series have to be large enough (i.e., log ki above 2.1) and ii) the retention models have to be sufficiently linear. While these two conditions are not always met with small molecules or even peptides, the situation is different with large biomolecules. This is why our simple calculation method should be preferentially applied to calculate the linear solvent strength parameters of protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
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29
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Camperi J, Dahotre S, Guillarme D, Stella C. Monitoring multiple quality attributes of a complex Fc-fusion protein during cell culture production processes by mD-LC-MS peptide mapping. Talanta 2022; 246:123519. [PMID: 35525056 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fc-fusion proteins represent a successful class of biopharmaceutical products. They are considered highly heterogeneous products due to the common degradation of amino acids that occurs during their production in upstream and downstream processes (e.g., oxidation and deamidation) and, above all, their complex glycosylation profile. Multi-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (mD-LC-MS) has recently gained much interest for process analytical technology, enabling the integration of this analytical technology in production and purification environments. In this study, an online mD-LC-MS/MS peptide mapping method was developed for monitoring multiple quality attributes, including the N-glycosylation state of a complex Fc-fusion protein, which is made by combining two heavily glycosylated cytokines with an Fc domain. This fully automated workflow includes sample purification, reduction, digestion, peptide mapping, and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. Two immobilized enzyme cartridges based on trypsin and Lys-C protease were employed to generate a detailed glycosylation mapping, as trypsin allowed the identification of only one of four glycosylation sites, while Lys-C was more informative for two other sites. Site-specific glycosylation information such as antennarity, sialyation, and core fucosylation state was also determined. In addition to glycans, other post-translational modifications could be monitored simultaneously during the cell culture production processes by the mD-LC-MS/MS approach. In summary, the generated data demonstrate the applicability of mD-LC-MS for the monitoring and trending of multiple attributes for complex antibody formats over production processes in an automated and fast manner, compared to the complex and time-consuming traditional offline assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Camperi
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Sanket Dahotre
- iLabs, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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30
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Losacco GL, Hicks MB, DaSilva JO, Wang H, Potapenko M, Tsay FR, Ahmad IAH, Mangion I, Guillarme D, Regalado EL. Automated ion exchange chromatography screening combined with in silico multifactorial simulation for efficient method development and purification of biopharmaceutical targets. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3581-3591. [PMID: 35441858 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioprocess development of increasingly challenging therapeutics and vaccines requires a commensurate level of analytical innovation to deliver critical assays across functional areas. Chromatography hyphenated to numerous choices of detection has undeniably been the preferred analytical tool in the pharmaceutical industry for decades to analyze and isolate targets (e.g., APIs, intermediates, and byproducts) from multicomponent mixtures. Among many techniques, ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is widely used for the analysis and purification of biopharmaceuticals due to its unique selectivity that delivers distinctive chromatographic profiles compared to other separation modes (e.g., RPLC, HILIC, and SFC) without denaturing protein targets upon isolation process. However, IEX method development is still considered one of the most challenging and laborious approaches due to the many variables involved such as elution mechanism (via salt, pH, or salt-mediated-pH gradients), stationary phase's properties (positively or negatively charged; strong or weak ion exchanger), buffer type and ionic strength as well as pH choices. Herein, we introduce a new framework consisting of a multicolumn IEX screening in conjunction with computer-assisted simulation for efficient method development and purification of biopharmaceuticals. The screening component integrates a total of 12 different columns and 24 mobile phases that are sequentially operated in a straightforward automated fashion for both cation and anion exchange modes (CEX and AEX, respectively). Optimal and robust operating conditions are achieved via computer-assisted simulation using readily available software (ACD Laboratories/LC Simulator), showcasing differences between experimental and simulated retention times of less than 0.5%. In addition, automated fraction collection is also incorporated into this framework, illustrating the practicality and ease of use in the context of separation, analysis, and purification of nucleotides, peptides, and proteins. Finally, we provide examples of the use of this IEX screening as a framework to identify efficient first dimension (1D) conditions that are combined with MS-friendly RPLC conditions in the second dimension (2D) for two-dimensional liquid chromatography experiments enabling purity analysis and identification of pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
| | - Michael B Hicks
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Jimmy O DaSilva
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Miraslava Potapenko
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
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31
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Bouvarel T, Fekete S, Guillarme D. Improving Selectivity in the Chromatographic Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) Through the Use of Multi-Isocratic Elution Mode. LCGC N Am 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.ka2087f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When characterizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), it is often challenging to attain sufficient selectivity between mAbs and their related variants. A new strategy, referred to as multi-isocratic elution mode, has recently been developed. It is based on setting a series of consecutive isocratic steps and very short steep gradient segments at solute elution. This elution mode offers several advantages compared to the usually applied linear gradient mode. Large biomolecules can benefit the most because of their “on/off” elution behavior. Arbitrary selectivity can be set between closely related protein variants while maintaining sharp peaks because of the strong band compression effects occurring at elution within the steep gradient segments.
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32
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Murisier A, Andrie M, Fekete S, Lauber M, D'Atri V, Iwan K, Guillarme D. Direct coupling of size exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry for the characterization of complex monoclonal antibody products. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1997-2007. [PMID: 35278285 PMCID: PMC9311719 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the possibilities offered by an innovative bioinert size exclusion chromatography column for size variant characterization of complex monoclonal antibody products. This size exclusion chromatography column includes a novel column hardware surface. The column was prepared from metallic hardware components that were treated to have prototype hydrophilically modified hybrid organic–inorganic silica surfaces called hybrid surface technology. This provides a significant reduction in nondesired hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions that can occur between column and analyte when performing size exclusion chromatography analysis with volatile mobile phase. Compared to a reference stainless‐steel column packed with the same batch of packing material, peak tailing, band broadening, and above all recovery of high molecular weight species were distinctly improved for all types of monoclonal antibody products. Based on our observations, we found that 50 mM ammonium acetate in water was a suitable mobile phase offering good compromise in terms of liquid chromatography performance and mass spectrometry sensitivity. In addition, method repeatability (intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations) on elution times and high molecular weight species peak areas were found to be excellent. By using this innovative size exclusion chromatography material, the low and high molecular weight species contained in various stressed and nonstressed monoclonal antibody products were successfully characterized with mass spectrometry detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarande Murisier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO) University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Marie Andrie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO) University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation 34 Maple Street Milford Massachusetts 01757–3696 United States
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation 34 Maple Street Milford Massachusetts 01757–3696 United States
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO) University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Katharina Iwan
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH Nonnenwaldstr. 2 Penzberg 82377 Germany
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO) University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva CMU‐Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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Plachká K, Gazárková T, Škop J, Guillarme D, Svec F, Nováková L. Fast Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Interfacing Using Prediction Equations. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4841-4849. [PMID: 35274936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of makeup solvent composition in ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization was studied using a set of 91 compounds, 3 stationary phases, and 2 organic modifiers of the mobile phase. The 24 tested makeup solvents included pure alcohols and methanol in combination with commonly used additives such as water, formic and acetic acid, ammonia, and ammonia salts with varying molarity. The behavioral trends for different makeup solvent additives were established in the first step. Subsequently, the correlations between physicochemical properties and the MS responses were calculated using the Pearson correlation test and matrix plots. The regression analysis was performed using five descriptors: molecular weight, pKa, log P, number of hydrogen donors/acceptors, and the MS responses obtained with methanol as the makeup solvent. The resulting regression equations had a high prediction rate calculated as R2-predicted coefficient, especially when 10 mmol/L ammonium in methanol was used as an organic modifier of the mobile phase in positive mode. The trueness of these equations was tested via the comparison between experimental and predicted responses expressed as R2. Values of R2 > 0.8 were found for 88% of the proposed equations. Thus, the MS response could be measured using only one makeup solvent and the responses of other makeup solvents could be easily estimated. The suitability and applicability of determined regression equations was confirmed by the analysis of 13 blind probes, i.e., compounds not included in the original set of analytes. Moreover, the predicted and experimental responses followed the same increasing/decreasing trend enabling one to predict makeup solvent compositions leading to the highest sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Plachká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tat'ána Gazárková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Škop
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Frantisek Svec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Rudaz S, Tobolkina E, González-Ruiz V, Meister I, De Figueiredo M, Guillarme D, Boccard J. Challenges in ESI-MS-based Untargeted Metabolomics. Chimia (Aarau) 2022. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2022.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics is now widely recognized as a useful tool for exploring metabolic changes taking place in biological systems under different conditions. In this article, we aim to provide a short overview of the liquid-phase separation methods hyphenated to MS to perform untargeted metabolomics of biological samples. Each approach is complemented by up-to-date literature to guide readers, as well as practical information for avoiding or fixing some of the most frequently encountered pitfalls. This article covers mainly data acquisition, but a short discussion is provided regarding signal processing and data treatment, as well as data analysis and its biological interpretation in the context of metabolomic studies.
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Ahmad IAH, Losacco GL, Shchurik V, Wang X, Cohen RD, Herron AN, Aiken S, Fiorito D, Wang H, Reibarkh M, Nowak T, Makarov AA, Stoll DR, Guillarme D, Mangion I, Aggarwal VK, Yu J, Regalado EL. Trapping‐Enrichment Multi‐dimensional Liquid Chromatography with On‐Line Deuterated Solvent Exchange for Streamlined Structure Elucidation at the Microgram Scale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vladimir Shchurik
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Ryan D. Cohen
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Alastair N. Herron
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Sheenagh Aiken
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Daniele Fiorito
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Heather Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Timothy Nowak
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Alexey A. Makarov
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Dwight R. Stoll
- Department of Chemistry Gustavus Adolphus College Saint Peter MN 56082 USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva, CMU Rue Michel-Servet 1 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva, CMU Rue Michel-Servet 1 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | | | - Jin‐Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Erik L. Regalado
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
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Duivelshof BL, Beck A, Guillarme D, D'Atri V. Bispecific antibody characterization by a combination of intact and site-specific/chain-specific LC/MS techniques. Talanta 2022; 236:122836. [PMID: 34635226 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are considered as an important class of biopharmaceutical drugs, with about 160 products in clinical trials. From an analytical point of view, the correct chain-association is one of the most critical challenge to monitor during bsAbs development and production. In the present study, a full analytical workflow has been developed based on the use of various chromatographic modes: size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ion exchange chromatography (IEX), reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), all combined with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). This analytical strategy was applied to Hemlibra® (emicizumab), which is certainly the most successful commercial bsAb to date. Using this strategy, it was possible to monitor the presence of mispaired bsAb species and detect and identify additional post-translational modifications (PTMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan L Duivelshof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF - Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Navarro-Huerta JA, Murisier A, Nguyen JM, Lauber MA, Beck A, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Ultra-short ion-exchange columns for fast charge variants analysis of therapeutic proteins. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1657:462568. [PMID: 34601253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the potential of recently developed ultra-short column hardware for ion exchange chromatography (IEX). Various prototype and commercial columns having lengths of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 50 mm and packed with non-porous 3 µm particles were systematically compared. Both pH and salt gradient modes of elution were evaluated. Similarly, what has been previously reported for reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) mode, an "on-off" retention mechanism was observed in IEX for therapeutic proteins and their fragments (25-150 kDa range). Because of the non-porous nature of the IEX packing material, the column porosity was relatively low (ε = 0.42) and therefore the volumes of ultra-short columns were very small. Based on this observation, it was important to reduce as much as possible all the sources of extra-column volumes (i.e. injection volume, extra-bed volume, detector cell volume and connector tubing volume), to limit peak broadening. With a fully optimized UHPLC system, very fast separations of intact and IdeS digested mAb products were successfully performed in about 1 min using an IEX column with dimensions of 15 × 2.1 mm. This column was selected for high-throughput separations, since it probably offers the best compromise between efficiency and analysis time. For such ultra-fast separations, PEEK tubing was applied to bypass the column oven (column directly connected) to the optical detector via a zero dead volume connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Navarro-Huerta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer M Nguyen
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757-3696, United States
| | - Matthew A Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757-3696, United States
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF, Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Duivelshof BL, Denorme S, Sandra K, Liu X, Beck A, Lauber MA, Guillarme D, D’Atri V. Quantitative N-Glycan Profiling of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Performed by Middle-Up Level HILIC-HRMS Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111744. [PMID: 34834160 PMCID: PMC8617915 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and accurate quantitation of the various glycoforms contained in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is one of the main analytical needs in the biopharmaceutical industry, and glycosylation represents a crucial critical quality attribute (CQA) that needs to be addressed. Currently, the reference method for performing such identification/quantitation consists of the release of the N-glycan moieties from the mAb, their labelling with a specific dye (e.g., 2-AB or RFMS) and their analysis by HILIC-FLD or HILIC-MS. In this contribution, the potential of a new cost- and time-effective analytical approach performed at the protein subunit level (middle-up) was investigated for quantitative purposes and compared with the reference methods. The robustness of the approach was first demonstrated by performing the relative quantification of the glycoforms related to a well characterized mAb, namely adalimumab. Then, the workflow was applied to various glyco-engineered mAb products (i.e., obinutuzumab, benralizumab and atezolizumab). Finally, the glycosylation pattern of infliximab (Remicade®) was assessed and compared to two of its commercially available biosimilars (Remsima® and Inflectra®). The middle-up analysis proved to provide accurate quantitation results and has the added potential to be used as multi-attribute monitoring method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan L. Duivelshof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.L.D.); (D.G.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steffy Denorme
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (S.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Koen Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (S.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, USA; (X.L.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF—Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Avenue Napoléon III, 60497 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France;
| | - Matthew A. Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, USA; (X.L.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.L.D.); (D.G.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.L.D.); (D.G.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-3358
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Murisier A, Duivelshof BL, Fekete S, Bourquin J, Schmudlach A, Lauber MA, Nguyen JM, Beck A, Guillarme D, D'Atri V. Towards a simple on-line coupling of ion exchange chromatography and native mass spectrometry for the detailed characterization of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462499. [PMID: 34487883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the direct hyphenation of cation exchange chromatography (CEX) with a compact, easy-to-use benchtop Time of Flight mass spectrometer (ToF/MS) for the analytical characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). For this purpose, a wide range of commercial mAb products (including expired samples and mAb biosimilars) were selected to draw reliable conclusions. From a chromatographic point of view, various buffers and column dimensions were tested. When considering pH response, buffer stability over time and MS compatibility, the best compromise is represented by the following recipe: 50 mM ammonium acetate, titrated to pH 5.0 (mobile phase A) and 160 mM ammonium acetate, titrated to pH 8.5 (mobile phase B). Despite the broader peaks observed with the 2.1 mm i.d. CEX column, this was preferentially selected for CEX-MS operation, since the efficiency loss (caused by extra-column dispersion) was still acceptable while MS compatibility was strongly enhanced (thanks to low flow rate). In terms of MS, it was important to avoid the use of glass-bottled mobile phases, laboratory glassware and glass vials to minimize loss of MS resolution, sensitivity, and mass accuracy due to metal contaminants. With this new CEX-MS setup, straightforward and rapid analysis (in less than 10 min) of charge variants was possible, allowing the separation and identification of several charge variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarande Murisier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bastiaan L Duivelshof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Julien Bourquin
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Andrew Schmudlach
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Matthew A Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Jennifer M Nguyen
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF - Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Pellissier L, Koval A, Marcourt L, Ferreira Queiroz E, Lecoultre N, Leoni S, Quiros-Guerrero LM, Barthélémy M, Duivelshof BL, Guillarme D, Tardy S, Eparvier V, Perron K, Chave J, Stien D, Gindro K, Katanaev V, Wolfender JL. Isolation and Identification of Isocoumarin Derivatives With Specific Inhibitory Activity Against Wnt Pathway and Metabolome Characterization of Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis. Front Chem 2021; 9:664489. [PMID: 34458231 PMCID: PMC8397479 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway controls multiple events during embryonic development of multicellular animals and is carcinogenic when aberrantly activated in adults. Breast cancers are dependent on Wnt pathway overactivation mostly through dysregulation of pathway component protein expression, which necessitates the search for therapeutically relevant compounds targeting them. Highly diverse microorganisms as endophytes represent an underexplored field in the therapeutic natural products research. In the present work, the objective was to explore the chemical diversity and presence of selective Wnt inhibitors within a unique collection of fungi isolated as foliar endophytes from the long-lived tropical palm Astrocaryum sciophilum. The fungi were cultured, extracted with ethyl acetate, and screened for their effects on the Wnt pathway and cell proliferation. The endophytic strain Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis was prioritized for scaled-up fractionation based on its selective activity. Application of geometric transfer from analytical HPLC conditions to semi-preparative scale and use of dry load sample introduction enabled the isolation of 15 pure compounds in a single step. Among the molecules identified, five are original natural products described for the first time, and six are new to this species. An active fraction obtained by semi-preparative HPLC was re-purified by UHPLC-PDA using a 1.7 µm phenyl column. 75 injections of 8 µg were necessary to obtain sufficient amounts of each compound for structure elucidation and bioassays. Using this original approach, in addition to the two major compounds, a third minor compound identified as (R)-(-)-5-hydroxymellein (18) was obtained, which was found to be responsible for the significant Wnt inhibition activity recorded. Further studies of this compound and its structural analogs showed that only 18 acts in a highly specific manner, with no acute cytotoxicity. This compound is notably selective for upstream components of the Wnt pathway and is able to inhibit the proliferation of three triple negative breast cancer cell lines. In addition to the discovery of Wnt inhibitors of interest, this study contributes to better characterize the biosynthetic potential of L. venezuelensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Pellissier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Koval
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Lecoultre
- Mycology Group, Research Department Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Sara Leoni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis-Manuel Quiros-Guerrero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Barthélémy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bastiaan L Duivelshof
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Tardy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karl Perron
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Chave
- CNRS, Biological Diversity and Evolution (UMR 5174), Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Katia Gindro
- Mycology Group, Research Department Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
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Plachká K, Pezzatti J, Musenga A, Nicoli R, Kuuranne T, Rudaz S, Nováková L, Guillarme D. Ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometry in doping control analysis. Part II: Comparison of acquisition modes with and without ion mobility. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1175:338739. [PMID: 34330438 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the second part of this study, a systematic comparison was made between two ion fragmentation acquisition modes, namely data-independent acquisition (DIA) and DIA with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technology. These two approaches were applied to the analysis of 192 doping agents in urine. Group I included 102 compounds such as stimulants, diuretics, narcotics, and β2-agonists, while Group II contained 90 compounds included steroids, glucocorticoids, and hormone and metabolic modulators. Important method parameters were examined and compared, including the fragmentation, sensitivity, and assignment capability with the minimum occurrence of false positive hits. The results differed between Group I and II in number of detected fragments when exploring the MS/MS spectra. In Group I only 13%, while in the Group II 64% of the substances had a higher number of fragments in DIA-IMS mode vs. DIA. In terms of sensitivity, the performance of the two modes with and without activated IMS dimension was identical for about 50% of the doping agents. The sensitivity was higher without IMS, i.e. in simple DIA mode, for 20-40% of remaining doping agents. Despite this sensitivity reduction with IMS, 82% of compounds from both Groups met the minimum required performance level (MRPL) criteria of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) when the DIA-IMS mode was applied. Automated data processing is important in routine doping analysis. Therefore, processing methods were optimized and evaluated for the prevalence of false peak assignments by analysing the target substances at different concentrations in urine samples. Overall, a significantly higher number of misidentified compounds was observed in Group II, with an almost 2-fold higher number of misidentifications in DIA compared to DIA-IMS. This result highlights the benefit of the IMS dimension to reduce the rate of false positive in screening analysis. The optimized UHPLC-IM-HRMS method was finally applied to the analysis of urine samples from administration studies including nine doping agents from both Groups. However, to limit the number of interferences from the biological matrix, an emphasis is needed on the adequate settings of the data processing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Plachká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Julian Pezzatti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Musenga
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raul Nicoli
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Losacco GL, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Metamorphosis of supercritical fluid chromatography: A viable tool for the analysis of polar compounds? Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mueller F, Losacco GL, Nicoli R, Guillarme D, Thomas A, Grata E. Enantiomeric methadone quantitation on real post-mortem dried matrix spots samples: Comparison of liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1177:122755. [PMID: 34107411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes two bioanalytical methods for the quantitation of the two methadone enantiomers in dried matrix spots using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and high performance supercritical chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPSFC-MS/MS). Dried matrix spots were obtained by spotting 10 µL of each sample fluid on a Whatman paper. Methadone and its main metabolite, EDDP, were extracted with 100 µL methanol and subsequently injected into the LC-MS/MS and SFC-MS/MS systems. Enantiomeric separation was achieved with AGP-column for the LC conditions and with Chiralpak IH-3 in SFC. The two methods were fully validated and 93 post-mortem samples were analysed with both analytical methods. Results from validation parameters and results obtained for all post-mortem samples were compared with a significant spearman correlation of rs = 0.9978 for R-methadone and rs = 0.9981 for S-methadone. The LC method provided better results in terms of uncertainty, retention factor and resolution, whereas SFC provides better sensitivity, with lower LOD. Median R-/S-methadone ratio in peripheral blood was found equal to 1.60 (N = 32), varying from 0.79 to 4.23. The reported values were in good agreement with previously published results. Based on the results obtained here, SFC-MS/MS can be considered a reliable alternative to the widely used LC-MS/MS for the quantitation of methadone enantiomers in bioanalysis and should be evaluated for other bioanalytical methods. Both methods can be easily and quickly used in toxicological routine analysis for the methadone quantitation in human fluids matrices, even if considering that the polysaccharide coated column IH-3 used in SFC does not allow the enantiomeric EDDP separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mueller
- Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences (FASV), 6718 Olivone, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - G L Losacco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - R Nicoli
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Gevena, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital-Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Grata
- Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences (FASV), 6718 Olivone, Switzerland
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Camperi J, Grunert I, Heinrich K, Winter M, Özipek S, Hoelterhoff S, Weindl T, Mayr K, Bulau P, Meier M, Mølhøj M, Leiss M, Guillarme D, Bathke A, Stella C. Inter-laboratory study to evaluate the performance of automated online characterization of antibody charge variants by multi-dimensional LC-MS/MS. Talanta 2021; 234:122628. [PMID: 34364437 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An international study was conducted to evaluate the performance and reliability of an online multi-dimensional (mD)-LC-MS/MS approach for the characterization of antibody charge variants. The characterization of antibody charge variants is traditionally performed by time-consuming, offline isolation of charge variant fractions by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) that are subsequently subjected individually to LC-MS/MS peptide mapping. This newly developed mD-LC-MS/MS approach enables automated and rapid characterization of charge variants using much lower sample requirements. This online workflow includes sample reduction, digestion, peptide mapping, and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis within a single, fully-automated procedure. The benefits of using online mD-LC-MS/MS for variant characterization include fewer handling steps, a more than 10-fold reduction in required sample amount, reduced sample hold time as well as a shortening of the overall turnaround time from weeks to few days compared to standard offline procedures. In this site-to-site comparison study, we evaluated the online peptide mapping data collected from charge variants of trastuzumab (Herceptin®) across three international laboratories. The purpose of this study was to compare the overall performance of the online mD-LC-MS/MS approach for antibody charge variant characterization, with all participating sites employing different mD-LC-MS/MS setups (e.g., instrument vendors, modules, columns, CDS software). The high sequence coverage (95%-97%) obtained in each laboratory, enabled a reproducible generation of tryptic peptides and the comparison of values of the charge variants. Results obtained at all three participating sites were in good agreement, highlighting the reliability and performance of this approach, and correspond with data gained by the standard offline procedure. Overall, our results underscore of the benefit mD-LC-MS/MS technology for therapeutic antibody characterization, confirming its potential to become an important tool in the toolbox of protein characterization scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Camperi
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ingrid Grunert
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Heinrich
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Saban Özipek
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sina Hoelterhoff
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Weindl
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Kilian Mayr
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bulau
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Monika Meier
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mølhøj
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Leiss
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Anja Bathke
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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Dispas A, Clarke A, Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Losacco LG, Veuthey JL, Gros Q, Molineau J, Noireau A, West C, Salafia F, Zoccali M, Mondello L, Guillen A, Wang J, Zhang K, Jochems P, Schad G, Nakajima K, Horie S, Joseph J, Parr MK, Billemont P, Severino A, Schneider S, Naegele E, Kutscher D, Wikfors R, Black R, Ingvaldson L, Da Silva JO, Bennett R, Regalado EL, Hoang TPT, Touboul D, Nikolova Y, Kamenova-Nacheva M, Dimitrov V, Berger BK, Schug KA, Kerviel-Guillon S, Mauge F, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Rouvière F, Heinisch S, Guillarme D, Hubert P. Interlaboratory study of a supercritical fluid chromatography method for the determination of pharmaceutical impurities: Evaluation of multi-systems reproducibility. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114206. [PMID: 34146950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is now a well-established technique, especially in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. We recently demonstrated the transferability and the reproducibility of a SFC-UV method for pharmaceutical impurities by means of an inter-laboratory study. However, as this study involved only one brand of SFC instrumentation (Waters®), the present study extends the purpose to multi-instrumentation evaluation. Specifically, three instrument types, namely Agilent®, Shimadzu®, and Waters®, were included through 21 laboratories (n = 7 for each instrument). First, method transfer was performed to assess the separation quality and to set up the specific instrument parameters of Agilent® and Shimadzu® instruments. Second, the inter-laboratory study was performed following a protocol defined by the sending lab. Analytical results were examined regarding consistencies within- and between-laboratories criteria. Afterwards, the method reproducibility was estimated taking into account variances in replicates, between-days and between-laboratories. Reproducibility variance was larger than that observed during the first study involving only one single type of instrumentation. Indeed, we clearly observed an 'instrument type' effect. Moreover, the reproducibility variance was larger when considering all instruments than each type separately which can be attributed to the variability induced by the instrument configuration. Nevertheless, repeatability and reproducibility variances were found to be similar than those described for LC methods; i.e. reproducibility as %RSD was around 15 %. These results highlighted the robustness and the power of modern analytical SFC technologies to deliver accurate results for pharmaceutical quality control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Dispas
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium; University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CHU, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Clarke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, Chemical and Analytical Development, Basel CH4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Luca Gioacchino Losacco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gros
- University of Orléans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Jérémy Molineau
- University of Orléans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Angéline Noireau
- University of Orléans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline West
- University of Orléans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Fabio Salafia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lee Ingvaldson
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Jimmy Oliveira Da Silva
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Raffeal Bennett
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Thi Phuong Thuy Hoang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yana Nikolova
- Sofia Tech Park, Laboratory For Extraction Of Natural Products And Synthesis Of Bioactive Compounds, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Kamenova-Nacheva
- Sofia Tech Park, Laboratory For Extraction Of Natural Products And Synthesis Of Bioactive Compounds, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Dimitrov
- Sofia Tech Park, Laboratory For Extraction Of Natural Products And Synthesis Of Bioactive Compounds, Bulgaria
| | - Blair K Berger
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | | | - Fabien Mauge
- SERVIER Research Institute, Analytical and Physical Chemistry Department, France
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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46
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Fekete S, Murisier A, Lauber M, Guillarme D. Empirical correction of non-linear pH gradients and a tool for application to protein ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462320. [PMID: 34144399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This concept article reports a practical solution to improve the linearity of effluent pH response as observed in pH gradient cation exchange chromatography (CEX). When performing pH gradient CEX, it is not easy to develop buffer systems that will universally provide pH response proportional with the mobile phase (buffer) composition. It is an especially challenging pursuit when exploring MS compatible buffers (e.g. ammonium-acetate, ammonium-carbonate). In addition to "non-proportional" behavior from the mobile phase composition, the chromatographic column itself will sometimes impose an unpredictable impact on the effluent pH. Here, we propose a simple approach based on the on-line measurement of effluent pH response, conversion of pH to mobile phase volume fraction (φ) and then generation of the inverse response function in the time domain. In the end, when setting the inverse function as the gradient program instead of a linear gradient, an improved - ideally linear - pH response can be produced. A simple Excel tool was developed to assist analysts with this correction procedure, and it has been made available by download for public use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation, located in CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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47
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Deslignière E, Ehkirch A, Duivelshof BL, Toftevall H, Sjögren J, Guillarme D, D’Atri V, Beck A, Hernandez-Alba O, Cianférani S. State-of-the-Art Native Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Methods to Monitor Homogeneous Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Synthesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060498. [PMID: 34073805 PMCID: PMC8225019 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are biotherapeutics consisting of a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) linked covalently to a cytotoxic drug. Early generation ADCs were predominantly obtained through non-selective conjugation methods based on lysine and cysteine residues, resulting in heterogeneous populations with varying drug-to-antibody ratios (DAR). Site-specific conjugation is one of the current challenges in ADC development, allowing for controlled conjugation and production of homogeneous ADCs. We report here the characterization of a site-specific DAR2 ADC generated with the GlyCLICK three-step process, which involves glycan-based enzymatic remodeling and click chemistry, using state-of-the-art native mass spectrometry (nMS) methods. The conjugation process was monitored with size exclusion chromatography coupled to nMS (SEC-nMS), which offered a straightforward identification and quantification of all reaction products, providing a direct snapshot of the ADC homogeneity. Benefits of SEC-nMS were further demonstrated for forced degradation studies, for which fragments generated upon thermal stress were clearly identified, with no deconjugation of the drug linker observed for the T-GlyGLICK-DM1 ADC. Lastly, innovative ion mobility-based collision-induced unfolding (CIU) approaches were used to assess the gas-phase behavior of compounds along the conjugation process, highlighting an increased resistance of the mAb against gas-phase unfolding upon drug conjugation. Altogether, these state-of-the-art nMS methods represent innovative approaches to investigate drug loading and distribution of last generation ADCs, their evolution during the bioconjugation process and their impact on gas-phase stabilities. We envision nMS and CIU methods to improve the conformational characterization of next generation-empowered mAb-derived products such as engineered nanobodies, bispecific ADCs or immunocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evolène Deslignière
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (E.D.); (A.E.); (O.H.-A.)
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI—FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anthony Ehkirch
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (E.D.); (A.E.); (O.H.-A.)
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI—FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bastiaan L. Duivelshof
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.L.D.); (D.G.); (V.D.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.L.D.); (D.G.); (V.D.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.L.D.); (D.G.); (V.D.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF—Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France;
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (E.D.); (A.E.); (O.H.-A.)
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI—FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (E.D.); (A.E.); (O.H.-A.)
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI—FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence:
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48
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Fekete S, Murisier A, Losacco GL, Lawhorn J, Godinho JM, Ritchie H, Boyes BE, Guillarme D. Using 1.5 mm internal diameter columns for optimal compatibility with current liquid chromatographic systems. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1650:462258. [PMID: 34058594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the use of a new prototype column hardware made with 1.5 mm internal diameter (i.d.) and demonstrates some benefits over the 1.0 mm i.d. micro-bore column. The performance of 2.1, 1.5 and 1.0 mm i.d. columns were systematically compared. With the 1.5 mm i.d. column, the loss of apparent column efficiency can be significantly reduced compared to 1.0 mm i.d. columns in both isocratic and gradient elution modes. In the end, the 1.5 mm i.d. column is almost comparable to 2.1 mm i.d. column from a peak broadening point of view. The advantages of the 1.5 mm i.d. hardware vs 2.1 mm i.d. narrow-bore columns are the lower sample and solvent consumption, and reduced frictional heating effects due to decreased operating flow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jason Lawhorn
- Advanced Materials Technology, 3521 Silverside road, Suite 1-K, DE 19810, Wilmington, United States
| | - Justin M Godinho
- Advanced Materials Technology, 3521 Silverside road, Suite 1-K, DE 19810, Wilmington, United States
| | - Harry Ritchie
- Advanced Materials Technology, 3521 Silverside road, Suite 1-K, DE 19810, Wilmington, United States
| | - Barry E Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, 3521 Silverside road, Suite 1-K, DE 19810, Wilmington, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Nguyen JM, Liu X, DeLoffi M, Murisier A, Fekete S, Guillarme D, Lauber MA. Aptamer-based immunoaffinity LC-MS using an ultra-short column for rapid attomole level quantitation of intact mAbs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122694. [PMID: 33866109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of proteins in biofluids has largely involved either traditional ligand binding assays or "bottom-up" mass spectrometry. Recently, top-down mass spectrometry using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) paired with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has emerged as a promising technique, due to the potential of better identification of post-translational modifications (PTMs), lack of downstream interferences, and less time-consuming sample preparation and analysis times. However, it can be difficult with this approach to robustly obtain high-fidelity MS data, especially when pushing for low limits of detection. To address these issues, we developed a chromatographic device with an optimized form factor and stationary phase to improve protein recovery, while reducing run times. We have observed that by using this device, it is possible to achieve attomole quantitation of mAbs without the addition of carrier proteins and with over three-fold higher throughput than columns employed in previous studies. Moreover, we have devised a novel affinity capture method, based on repurposing a unique aptamer ligand that can give 93% recovery of mAb using only a 2 h incubation. When hyphenated together, these two technologies greatly improve the ability to analyze proteins in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Nguyen
- School of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States.
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Maureen DeLoffi
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Matthew A Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
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Plachká K, Pezzatti J, Musenga A, Nicoli R, Kuuranne T, Rudaz S, Nováková L, Guillarme D. Ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometry in anti-doping analysis. Part I: Implementation of a screening method with the assessment of a library of substances prohibited in sports. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:338257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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