1
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Kuethe JT, Lee J, Thaisrivongs D, Yasuda N, Pollack SR, Leone J, DaSilva J, Biba M, Tsay FR, Regalado EL, Qi J, Li H, Poggetto GD, Cohen R. Synthesis of a Complex and Highly Potent PCSK9 Inhibitor. Org Lett 2023; 25:5001-5005. [PMID: 37382389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The solution-based gram-scale synthesis of complex and highly potent proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor 1 is presented. Construction of Northern fragment 2, followed by stepwise installation of Eastern 3, Southern 4, and Western 5 fragments, provided macrocyclic precursor 19. This intermediate was cross-linked via an intramolecular azide-alkyne click reaction, which preceded macrolactamization to afford the core framework of compound 1. Finally, coupling with poly(ethylene glycol) side-chain-based 6 gave the PCSK9 inhibitor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Kuethe
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joshua Lee
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David Thaisrivongs
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nobuyoshi Yasuda
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Scott R Pollack
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joseph Leone
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jimmy DaSilva
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mirlinda Biba
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ji Qi
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Guilherme Dal Poggetto
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ryan Cohen
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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2
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Losacco GL, Hicks MB, DaSilva JO, Wang H, Potapenko M, Tsay FR, Ahmad IAH, Mangion I, Guillarme D, Regalado EL. Automated ion exchange chromatography screening combined with in silico multifactorial simulation for efficient method development and purification of biopharmaceutical targets. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3581-3591. [PMID: 35441858 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioprocess development of increasingly challenging therapeutics and vaccines requires a commensurate level of analytical innovation to deliver critical assays across functional areas. Chromatography hyphenated to numerous choices of detection has undeniably been the preferred analytical tool in the pharmaceutical industry for decades to analyze and isolate targets (e.g., APIs, intermediates, and byproducts) from multicomponent mixtures. Among many techniques, ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is widely used for the analysis and purification of biopharmaceuticals due to its unique selectivity that delivers distinctive chromatographic profiles compared to other separation modes (e.g., RPLC, HILIC, and SFC) without denaturing protein targets upon isolation process. However, IEX method development is still considered one of the most challenging and laborious approaches due to the many variables involved such as elution mechanism (via salt, pH, or salt-mediated-pH gradients), stationary phase's properties (positively or negatively charged; strong or weak ion exchanger), buffer type and ionic strength as well as pH choices. Herein, we introduce a new framework consisting of a multicolumn IEX screening in conjunction with computer-assisted simulation for efficient method development and purification of biopharmaceuticals. The screening component integrates a total of 12 different columns and 24 mobile phases that are sequentially operated in a straightforward automated fashion for both cation and anion exchange modes (CEX and AEX, respectively). Optimal and robust operating conditions are achieved via computer-assisted simulation using readily available software (ACD Laboratories/LC Simulator), showcasing differences between experimental and simulated retention times of less than 0.5%. In addition, automated fraction collection is also incorporated into this framework, illustrating the practicality and ease of use in the context of separation, analysis, and purification of nucleotides, peptides, and proteins. Finally, we provide examples of the use of this IEX screening as a framework to identify efficient first dimension (1D) conditions that are combined with MS-friendly RPLC conditions in the second dimension (2D) for two-dimensional liquid chromatography experiments enabling purity analysis and identification of pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
| | - Michael B Hicks
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Jimmy O DaSilva
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Miraslava Potapenko
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
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3
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Bennett R, Haidar Ahmad IA, DaSilva J, Figus M, Hullen K, Tsay FR, Makarov AA, Mann BF, Regalado EL. Mapping the Separation Landscape of Pharmaceuticals: Rapid and Efficient Scale-Up of Preparative Purifications Enabled by Computer-Assisted Chromatographic Method Development. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffeal Bennett
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Imad A. Haidar Ahmad
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jimmy DaSilva
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Margaret Figus
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kari Hullen
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alexey A. Makarov
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Mann
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L. Regalado
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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4
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Tsay FR, Haidar Ahmad IA, Henderson D, Schiavone N, Liu Z, Makarov AA, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Generic anion-exchange chromatography method for analytical and preparative separation of nucleotides in the development and manufacture of drug substances. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1587:129-135. [PMID: 30591245 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides are among the most frequently used chemical building blocks in the research, development and manufacture of drug substances. They are composed of three highly polar subunit molecules (a nucleobase, a sugar, and at least one phosphate group), which makes their separation and analysis very challenging by conventional liquid chromatography techniques. Herein, we describe a simple, efficient, and cost-effective ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) method for the separation and purification of over 20 nucleotides. This method combines the use of a Tosoh TSKgel SuperQ-5P W resin in conjunction with a fully aqueous eluent profile (ammonium bicarbonate-based) that allows for a straightforward scale-up transition and convenient drying process with minimal environmental impact. This generic method was optimized using chromatography simulation software (ACD Labs/LC Simulator) and successfully applied to the preparative purification of multicomponent nucleotide mixtures using readily available Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) instrumentation. These IEC method conditions can be effectively applied as the starting point for method development and isolation of other highly polar nucleotide species beyond those investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Derek Henderson
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Nicole Schiavone
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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5
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Wells KM, Mehrman SJ, Abdel-Magid AF, Ferraro C, Scott L, Zhong HM, Teleha CA, Ballentine S, Li X, Russell RK, Spink JM, Diamond C, Youells S, Zhang Y, Tsay FR, Cesco-Cancia S, Manzo SM, Beauchamp DA. Synthesis of Mavatrep: A Potent Antagonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. Wells
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Steven J. Mehrman
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Ahmed F. Abdel-Magid
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Caterina Ferraro
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Lorraine Scott
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Hua Marlon Zhong
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Christopher A. Teleha
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Scott Ballentine
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Xun Li
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Ronald K. Russell
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Jan M. Spink
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Craig Diamond
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Scott Youells
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Yongzheng Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Sergio Cesco-Cancia
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Stephen M. Manzo
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Derek A. Beauchamp
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
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6
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Abstract
Compound 1 is a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor potentially useful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. A novel six-step synthesis suitable for large-scale preparation was developed in support of a drug development program at Merck Research Laboratories. The key steps include a tandem Heck-lactamization, N-oxidation, and a highly chemoselective Grignard addition of 4-(N-tert-butylpiperidinyl)magnesium chloride to a naphthyridone N-oxide. The N-oxide exerted complete chemoselectivity via chelation in directing the Grignard addition to the alpha position as opposed to 1,4-addition on the ene-lactam. The dihydropyridyl adduct was in situ aromatized with isobutylchloroformate followed by heating in pyridine. Syntheses of Grignard precursor, N-tert-butyl-4-chloro-piperidine, were accomplished via transamination with a quaternary ammonium piperidone or via addition of methylmagnesium chloride to an iminium ion. Utilizing this chemistry, multi-kilogram preparation of compound 1 was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y L Chung
- Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07965, USA
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7
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Cvetovich RJ, Chung JYL, Kress MH, Amato JS, Matty L, Weingarten MD, Tsay FR, Li Z, Zhou G. An efficient synthesis of a dual PPAR alpha/gamma agonist and the formation of a sterically congested alpha-aryloxyisobutyric acid via a Bargellini reaction. J Org Chem 2006; 70:8560-3. [PMID: 16209608 DOI: 10.1021/jo051027+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of benzisoxazole 1 and its conversion to alpha-aryloxyisobutyric acid 2 using 1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (chloretone) was developed. Benzisoxazole 1 was formed in high yields by the action of either methanesulfonyl chloride/base upon intermediate oxime 8 or with thionyl chloride/base, which initially forms cyclic sulfite 10. A highly reactive, short-lived intermediate derived from chloretone was detected by ReacIR and its half-life determined to be approximately 5 min. Reaction conditions for the Bargellini reaction were developed that resulted in a 95% yield of 2 from the reaction of highly hindered phenol 1 with chloretone hemihydrate and powdered NaOH in acetone. Thus highly hindered alpha-aryloxyisobutyric acids can be made in a single step in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Cvetovich
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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8
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Williams JM, Brands KMJ, Skerlj RT, Jobson RB, Marchesini G, Conrad KM, Pipik B, Savary KA, Tsay FR, Houghton PG, Sidler DR, Dolling UH, DiMichele LM, Novak TJ. Practical synthesis of the new carbapenem antibiotic ertapenem sodium. J Org Chem 2006; 70:7479-87. [PMID: 16149774 DOI: 10.1021/jo0501442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A practical synthesis for the large-scale production of the new carbapenem antibiotic, [4R,5S,6S]-3-[[(3S,5S)-5-[[(3-Carboxyphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]thio]-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid monosodium salt (ertapenem sodium, 1), has been developed. The synthesis features the novel use of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine as base for the low-temperature reaction of a thiol, derived from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, with the carbapenem nucleus activated as the enol phosphate. Hydrogenolysis of a p-nitrobenzyl ester is effected using a palladium on carbon catalyst to give an overall yield for the two steps of 90%. The use of bicarbonate in the hydrogenolysis was key in providing protection of the pyrrolidine amine as the sodium carbamate improving both the performance of the reaction and the stability of the product. This discovery made processing at manufacturing scale possible. Experimental evidence for the formation of the sodium carbamate is provided. A remarkably expedient process for the simultaneous purification and concentration of the aqueous product stream relies on ion-pairing extraction for the removal of the water-soluble 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. Crystallization then affords 59-64% overall yield of the monosodium salt form of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Williams
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Post Office Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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9
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Brands KMJ, Krska SW, Rosner T, Conrad KM, Corley EG, Kaba M, Larsen RD, Reamer RA, Sun Y, Tsay FR. Understanding the Origin of Unusual Stepwise Hydrogenation Kinetics in the Synthesis of the 3-(4-Fluorophenyl)morpholine Moiety of NK1 Receptor Antagonist Aprepitant. Org Process Res Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/op0501895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel M. J. Brands
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Thorsten Rosner
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Karen M. Conrad
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Edward G. Corley
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Mahmoud Kaba
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Robert D. Larsen
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Robert A. Reamer
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Yongkui Sun
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Departments of Process Research and Chemical Engineering Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
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10
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Tan L, Yasuda N, Yoshikawa N, Hartner FW, Eng KK, Leonard WR, Tsay FR, Volante RP, Tillyer RD. Stereoselective Syntheses of Highly Functionalized Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes: A General Methodology for the Synthesis of Potent and Selective mGluR2/3 Agonists. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8027-34. [PMID: 16277324 DOI: 10.1021/jo0511187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Chemical reaction: See text] A Et3Al mediated intramolecular epoxide opening, cyclopropanation reaction is described. The transformation provided highly functionalized bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane systems in high efficiency and with perfect H or F endo selectivity. Application of this reaction to the synthesis of mGluR2/3 agonist 1 (43% overall yield) and a few intermediates suitable for the synthesis of other bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane mGluR2/3 agonists is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushi Tan
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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11
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Conlon DA, Jensen MS, Palucki M, Yasuda N, Um JM, Yang C, Hartner FW, Tsay FR, Hsiao Y, Pye P, Rivera NR, Hughes DL. Stereoselective synthesis of an anti-HIV drug candidate. Chirality 2005; 17 Suppl:S149-58. [PMID: 15806573 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of a Merck anti-HIV drug candidate is described. The target molecule contains four stereogenic centers, three of which are located in a highly functionalized cyclopentane unit. The convergent synthesis involves the preparation of two key advanced intermediates: the cyclopentane unit and a substituted pyrazole unit. The cyclopentane unit was prepared via two different procedures; a highly diastereoselective Diels-Alder reaction with a chiral oxazolidinone auxiliary and a sequence that incorporated a molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction to set the stereocenters. The other key step was a highly diastereoselective hydroxyl-directed reductive amination. The overall yield for the 16-step synthesis was 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Conlon
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065-0900, USA.
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12
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Chung JYL, Cvetovich RJ, Tsay FR, Dormer PG, DiMichele L, Mathre DJ, Chilenski JR, Mao B, Wenslow R. Synthesis of 3-Aminopyrazinone Mediated by 2-Pyridylthioimidate−ZnCl2 Complexes. Development of an Efficient Route to a Thrombin Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2003; 68:8838-46. [PMID: 14604352 DOI: 10.1021/jo034835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A six-step preparation of thrombin inhibitor drug candidate 1 from pyrazinone 7 in 47% overall yield is described. The problem of low reactivity between weak amine nucleophile 4 and poor electrophile 3-bromopyrazinone 17 was overcome with the use of pyridinylthioimidate 27 in the presence of ZnCl(2) to afford adduct 3 in high yield. Several zinc complexes were characterized by solution and solid-state NMR and X-ray crystallographic analyses, and provided insight into the reaction mechanism. Preparation of pyridine N-oxide amine 4 was accomplished via a selective oxidation of the corresponding pyridinylamine 6. Pyridinylthioimidate 27 was prepared from pyrazinone 7 via a two-step one-pot process in near quantitative yield. Chlorination of the pyrazinone ring in 3 followed by hydrolysis and amide coupling completed the synthesis of 1. This chromatography-free synthesis was used successfully to prepare multikilogram quantities of the drug with reproducibility and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y L Chung
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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13
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Leazer JL, Cvetovich R, Tsay FR, Dolling U, Vickery T, Bachert D. An improved preparation of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone and safety considerations in the preparation of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl Grignard reagent. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3695-8. [PMID: 12713381 DOI: 10.1021/jo026903n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An improved and efficient bromination of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene was developed. A safe and reliable preparation of the potentially explosive 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl Grignard and 3-trifluoromethylphenyl Grignard reagents, from the precursor bromides, is described. Reaction System Screening Tool (RSST) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) studies suggest these trifluoromethylphenyl Grignard reagents can detonate on loss of solvent contact or upon moderate heating. When prepared and handled according to the methods described herein, these Grignard reagents can be safely prepared and carried on to advanced intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnie L Leazer
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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14
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Minter DE, Marchand AP, Tsay FR. Assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 1-methyl-6-phenyl-1α,4α,4aα,5α,8β,8aα-hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5,8-diol. ARKIVOC 2003. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0004.c02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Palucki M, Um JM, Yasuda N, Conlon DA, Tsay FR, Hartner FW, Hsiao Y, Marcune B, Karady S, Hughes DL, Dormer PG, Reider PJ. Development of a new and practical route to chiral 3,4-disubstituted cyclopentanones: asymmetric alkylation and intramolecular cyclopropanation as key C-C bond-forming steps. J Org Chem 2002; 67:5508-16. [PMID: 12153248 DOI: 10.1021/jo025890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical asymmetric synthesis of (+)-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopentanone (1) is described. An asymmetric Mo-catalyzed alkylation reaction was used to establish the first stereocenter and a Cu-catalyzed intramolecular diastereoselective cyclopropanation reaction was used to set the second stereocenter. The last step involved a one-pot ring-opening/deprotection/hydrolysis/decarboxylation sequence that furnished the desired product in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Palucki
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065-0900, USA.
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16
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Hartner FW, Cvetovich RJ, Tsay FR, Amato JS, Pipik B, Grabowski EJJ, Reider PJ. A Highly Convergent Synthesis of a Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonist. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo990644t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W. Hartner
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Raymond J. Cvetovich
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Joseph S. Amato
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Brenda Pipik
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | | | - Paul J. Reider
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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17
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Song Z, DeMarco A, Zhao M, Corley EG, Thompson AS, McNamara J, Li Y, Rieger D, Sohar P, Mathre DJ, Tschaen DM, Reamer RA, Huntington MF, Ho GJ, Tsay FR, Emerson K, Shuman R, Grabowski EJJ, Reider PJ. Highly Chemoselective Trichloroacetimidate-Mediated Alkylation of Ascomycin: A Convergent, Practical Synthesis of the Immunosuppressant L-733,725. J Org Chem 1999; 64:1859-1867. [PMID: 11674275 DOI: 10.1021/jo981805g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
L-733,725, a new immunosuppressant drug candidate, was prepared by a highly chemoselective alkylation of the macrolide ascomycin at the C32 hydroxy position with the imidazolyl trichloroacetimidate 16. The trichloroacetimidate-activated side chain 16 was prepared by an efficient four-step sequence in 42% overall yield. The high chemoselectivity in the alkylation of the C32 hydroxy group of the unprotected ascomycin was the result of the synergetic effects of the electron-donating protecting group on the imidazole 16, the polar, moderately basic solvent, and the strong acid catalyst. N,N-Dimethylpivalamide mixed with acetonitrile was found to be the best solvent and trifluromethanesulfonic acid the best catalyst. This synthesis coupled with a resin column purification of L-733,725 followed by crystallization of its tartrate salt has been used to make multi-kilogram quantities of the bulk drug with consistent and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Song
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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18
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Yasuda N, Huffman MA, Ho GJ, Xavier LC, Yang C, Emerson KM, Tsay FR, Li Y, Kress MH, Rieger DL, Karady S, Sohar P, Abramson NL, DeCamp AE, Mathre DJ, Douglas AW, Dolling UH, Grabowski EJJ, Reider PJ. Practical Synthesis of Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Carbapenem L-742,728. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980381n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Yasuda
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Mark A. Huffman
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Guo-Jie Ho
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Lyndon C. Xavier
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Khateeta M. Emerson
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Yulan Li
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Michael H. Kress
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Dale L. Rieger
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Sandor Karady
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Paul Sohar
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Newton L. Abramson
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Ann E. DeCamp
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - David J. Mathre
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Alan W. Douglas
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Ulf-H. Dolling
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Edward J. J. Grabowski
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Paul J. Reider
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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19
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Chung JYL, Hughes DL, Zhao D, Song Z, Mathre DJ, Ho GJ, McNamara JM, Douglas AW, Reamer RA, Tsay FR, Varsolona R, McCauley J, Grabowski EJJ, Reider PJ. A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonist L-734,217 via a Novel Chemoselective Silyl-Mediated Conjugate Addition of δ-Lactams to 4-Vinylpyridine. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo951214f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Y. L. Chung
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - David L. Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Dalian Zhao
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Zhiguo Song
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - David J. Mathre
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Guo-Jie Ho
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - James M. McNamara
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Alan W. Douglas
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - R. A. Reamer
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Fuh-Rong Tsay
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Richard Varsolona
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - James McCauley
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Edward J. J. Grabowski
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Paul J. Reider
- Department of Process Research and Department of Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P. O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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20
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Watson WH, Kashyap RP, Krawiec M, Marchand AP, Tsay FR. Structures of three substituted pentacyclo[5.4.0.02, 6.03, 10.05, 9]undecanes and a computational analysis of bond lengths. Struct Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02278692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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