1
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Wang H, Ni X, Dong W, Qin W, Xu L, Jiang Y. Accurately quantified plasma free glycine concentration as a biomarker in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Amino Acids 2023; 55:385-402. [PMID: 36697969 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) method to study the change of plasma levels of free glycine (Gly) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Twenty-four patients with AIS confirmed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were enrolled. During the study period, the patients did not receive any supplemental amino acids therapy that could affect the obtained results. Our results showed that although AIS patients adopted different methods of treatment (thrombolytic and non-thrombolytic), the clinical NIHSS score of AIS showed a downward trend whereas Gly concentration showed increased trend. Moreover, plasma free Gly concentration was positively correlated with ASPECTS score. The correlation between Gly levels and infarct volume showed a statistical significance. That is to say, higher Gly level predicted smaller infarct size. Thus, the change of free Gly level in plasma could be considered as a potential biomarker of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weichong Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weiman Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
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2
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Pagliaro M, Lino C, Pizzone DM, Mauriello F, Russo M, Muscolo A, Ciriminna R, Avellone G. Amino Acids in New Organic Fertilizer AnchoisFert. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR 90146 Palermo Italy
| | - Claudia Lino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche and ATeN Center Università di Palermo 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Pizzone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile dell'Energia dell'Ambiente e dei Materiali Università degli Studi “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria 89122 Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Francesco Mauriello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile dell'Energia dell'Ambiente e dei Materiali Università degli Studi “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria 89122 Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria 89122 Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Adele Muscolo
- Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria 89122 Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR 90146 Palermo Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche and ATeN Center Università di Palermo 90123 Palermo Italy
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3
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Konda S, Asati A, Williams M, Mudiam MKR. Development and evaluation of a multi‐class analytical method based on solid‐phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in urban wastewater samples. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanand Konda
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Ankita Asati
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
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4
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Yu C, Wang L, Zheng J, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Bi K, Li D, Li Q. Nanoconfinement effect based in-fiber extraction and derivatization method for ultrafast analysis of twenty amines in human urine by GC-MS: Application to cancer diagnosis biomarkers’ screening. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1217:339985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Singh A, Jha RR, Kamal R, Kesavachandran C, Patel DK. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the analysis of specific marker compounds in human exposed with Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Ribeiro da Silva M, Zaborowska I, Carillo S, Bones J. A rapid, simple and sensitive microfluidic chip electrophoresis mass spectrometry method for monitoring amino acids in cell culture media. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462336. [PMID: 34153732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development and optimization of cell culture media for biotech applications is a fundamental step of process development. The composition of cell culture media requires an ideal blend of amino acids, vitamins, nucleosides, lipids, carbohydrates, trace elements and other components. The ability to monitor these constituents is required to ensure that cells receive sufficient nutrients to facilitate growth, viability and productivity. Analysis of cell culture media is challenging due to the range and diversity of compounds contained in this matrix and normally requires time consuming methods. A rapid, simple and sensitive microfluidic chip CE-MS method is described to monitor amino acids in chemically defined cell culture media from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line cultured over a period of 10 days. The described platform enabled the separation of 16 amino acids in less than 2 minutes and without the requirement for extensive sample preparation. The analytical parameters evaluated were precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The majority of essential amino acids were present in cell culture growth in high concentrations compared to non-essential amino acids. Over the course of the 10 days cell culture the concentration of certain amino acids declined by up to 100%. Microfluidic chip based CE-MS methods can be used effectively to obtain the consumption rates of amino acids in cell culture media during cell growth and to perform at-line monitoring and screening of cell culture status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabela Zaborowska
- NIBRT - National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara Carillo
- NIBRT - National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- NIBRT - National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland; School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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7
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Lentil Fortified Spaghetti: Technological Properties and Nutritional Characterization. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010004. [PMID: 33374933 PMCID: PMC7821932 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris), consumed as a part of the diet worldwide, is a functional dietary ingredient that plays a function in human nutrition as a rich source of bioactive nutrients (low quantities of fat, sodium, and vitamin K; high content of potassium, essential amino acids, insoluble dietary fiber, and polyphenols). In this study spaghetti fortified with lentil flours (40% w/w) were developed and characterized. The addition of two different lentil flours significantly affected the sensory attributes and cooking properties of dry spaghetti. Therefore, the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose was adopted as technological option to improve the quality of fortified pasta; specifically, sensory acceptability, cooking loss, swelling index, and water absorption were studied. Chemical results highlighted that the addition of lentil to semolina significantly increased the content of lysine and threonine. It was observed an increase in essential and branched-chain amino acids. Contrary to what was expected, no increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed in fortified spaghetti, due to their loss during cooking, even after the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose.
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8
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Armbruster J, Steinmassl M, Müller Bogotá CA, Berg G, Nidetzky B, Dennig A. P450 Jα : A New, Robust and α-Selective Fatty Acid Hydroxylase Displaying Unexpected 1-Alkene Formation. Chemistry 2020; 26:15910-15921. [PMID: 32449211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxyfunctionalization of fatty acids (FAs) is a key step in the design of novel synthetic pathways for biobased/biodegradable polymers, surfactants and fuels. Here, we show the isolation and characterization of a robust FA α-hydroxylase (P450Jα ) which catalyses the selective conversion of a broad range of FAs (C6:0-C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) with H2 O2 as oxidant. Under optimized reaction conditions P450Jα yields α-hydroxy acids all with >95 % regioselectivity, high specific activity (up to 15.2 U mg-1 ) and efficient coupling of oxidant to product (up to 85 %). Lauric acid (C12:0) turned out to be an excellent substrate with respect to productivity (TON=394 min-1 ). On preparative scale, conversion of C12:0 reached 83 % (0.9 g L-1 ) when supplementing H2 O2 in fed-batch mode. Under similar conditions P450Jα allowed further the first biocatalytic α-hydroxylation of oleic acid (88 % conversion on 100 mL scale) at high selectivity and in good yields (1.1 g L-1 ; 79 % isolated yield). Unexpectedly, P450Jα displayed also 1-alkene formation from shorter chain FAs (≤C10:0) showing that oxidative decarboxylation is more widely distributed across this enzyme family than reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Armbruster
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Mathilde Steinmassl
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina A Müller Bogotá
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Dennig
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
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9
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Satyanarayana G, Du J, Asati A, Pandey AK, Kumar A, Sharma MT, Mudiam MKR. Estimation of measurement uncertainty for the quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical residues in river water using solid-phase extraction coupled with injector port silylation-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Choi NR, Lee JY, Ahn YG, Kim YP. Determination of atmospheric amines at Seoul, South Korea via gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127367. [PMID: 32947676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their important roles in salt-producing acid-base reactions, new particle formation (NPF), and as precursors in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) producing reactions, the atmospheric concentrations of particulate volatile amines (dimethylamine (DMA), ethylamine, diethylamine (DEA), propylamine, and butylamine) at Seoul were analyzed and evaluated. To quantify the presence of volatile amines in particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 μm (PM2.5), an efficient and rapid analytical method based on in-matrix ethyl chloroformate (ECF) derivatization followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was developed and validated using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The annual mean concentration of the total 5 target amines was 5.56±2.76 ng/m3 and the seasonal difference was small. The concentrations of particulate amines measured in this study were lower than those observed in Zongludak, Turkey, Nanjing, China, and Jeju, Korea but slightly higher than that reported in Kobe, Japan. The concentrations of the nitrosamines (nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)), and of the nitramines (dimethylnitramine (DMN) and diethylnitramine (DEN)) measured along with those of the target amines were used in a simple linear regression analysis. It indicates the contribution of DMA to the formation of NDMA in all seasons (except the fall) and DEA to the formation of NDEA in the summer, while DMA and DEA did not significantly contribute to the formation of nitramines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Ji Yi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Yun Gyong Ahn
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, South Korea.
| | - Yong Pyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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11
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Development of an analytical method for the quantitative determination of multi-class nutrients in different food matrices by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using design of experiments. Food Chem 2020; 341:128173. [PMID: 33045585 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the aid of design of experiments (DOE) approach was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of multi-class nutrients (water- and fat-soluble vitamins and flavonoids) in various food matrices (vegetables, fruits, and cereals). The factors affecting the SPE method were optimized using DOE tools. The separation was achieved in 13 min using the C18 column by gradient LC programme. The SPE-LC-MS/MS method was validated in terms of limit of detection (1.29-29.17 ng/g), linearity range (25-1000 ng/g), coefficient of determination (0.993-0.999) and recovery (72.53-104.24%) for multi-class nutrients in different food samples. Inter- and intra-day precision were evaluated and found to be within acceptable range. The developed method finds extensive application in the routine analysis of multi-class nutrients in various food matrices.
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12
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Jing Wang, Liu SM, Long J, Lei DA, Gao F. Derivatization Method for the Determination of Amino Acids in Tobacco by Gas Chromatography–mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820080171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Martín Santos P, Del Nogal Sánchez M, Pérez Pavón JL, Moreno Cordero B. Non-separative method based on a single quadrupole mass spectrometer for the semi-quantitative determination of amino acids in saliva samples. A preliminary study. Talanta 2020; 208:120381. [PMID: 31816699 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids have been of great interest in clinical studies since variation in their concentration may provide information about different disorders. For the first time, a non-separative method based on single quadrupole mass spectrometry (qMS) for the simultaneous semiquantitative determination of sixteen amino acids in saliva samples has been developed. The method includes derivatisation of amino acids with ethyl chloroformate-pyridine-ethanol to obtain volatile products, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and further analysis using a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) coupled to qMS. This method could be applied to the analysis of a great number of saliva samples, limiting the use of separative methods only when abnormal concentrations of amino acids were found, reducing analysis time and cost. The results obtained in the determination of amino acids using the non-separative method were compared to those obtained when a separative method based on gas chromatography (GC) was used, providing values of average relative predictive error (E %) ranging between 2 and 48%. Repeatability and reproducibility were tested, obtaining relative standard deviation (RSD) values equal to or lower than 11% and 16%, respectively. Detection limits were in the range of 0.076-8.747 mg L-1 for the non-separative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martín Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Nogal Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pérez Pavón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bernardo Moreno Cordero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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14
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Erarpat S, Bodur S, Öztürk Er E, Bakırdere S. Combination of ultrasound-assisted ethyl chloroformate derivatization and switchable solvent liquid-phase microextraction for the sensitive determination of l-methionine in human plasma by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:1100-1106. [PMID: 31858708 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A green and fast analytical method for the determination of l-methionine in human plasma is presented in this study. Preconcentration of the analyte was carried out by switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction after ethyl chloroformate derivatization reaction. Instrumental detection of the analyte was performed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. N,N-Dimethyl benzylamine was used in the synthesis of switchable solvent. Protonated N,N-dimethyl benzylamine volume, volume/concentration of sodium hydroxide, and vortex period were meticulously fixed to their optimum values. Besides, ethyl chloroformate, pyridine, and ethanol volumes were optimized in order to get high derivatization yield. After the optimization studies, limit of detection and quantitation values were attained as 3.30 and 11.0 ng/g, respectively, by the developed switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method that corresponding to 76.7-folds enhancement in detection power of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. Applicability and accuracy of the switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method were also checked by spiking experiments. Percent recovery results were ranged from 97.8 to 100.5% showing that human plasma samples could be analyzed for its l-methionine level by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Erarpat
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Öztürk Er
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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15
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Yang Y, Fan TWM, Lane AN, Higashi RM. Quantification of Isotopologues of Amino Acids by Multiplexed Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Direct Infusion. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2030:57-68. [PMID: 31347110 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) is increasingly used among researchers for metabolic studies including amino acid metabolism. However, the classical GC- or HPLC-based methods for amino acid quantification do not meet the needs for multiplexed stable isotope-enriched analysis by ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (UHR-FTMS). This is due to insufficient acquisition time during chromatographic separations and large dynamic range in concentrations of analytes, which compromises detection and quantification of the numerous metabolite isotopologues present in crude extracts. This chapter discusses a modified ethyl chloroformate derivatization method to enable rapid quantitative analysis of stable isotope-enriched amino acids using direct infusion ion introduction coupled with UHR-FTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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16
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Zhang HY, Zhang PP, Tan XX, Wang ZZ, Lian KQ, Xu XD, Kang WJ. Derivatization method for the quantification of lactic acid in cell culture media via gas chromatography and applications in the study of cell glycometabolism. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1090:1-6. [PMID: 29778872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid represents an important metabolite that reflects mitochondria function and may further serve as energy source for cancer cells. In light of this physiological and pathological significance, we developed a novel and sensitive gas chromatography method to detect lactic acid in cell culture media. Here, ethyl chloroformate was selected as derivative reagent and the derivatization process was further optimized in terms of number of reagents and reaction time as well as extraction reagents. Under optimal conditions, good linearity was achieved in the tested calibration range. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.67 μmol/L, the recovery rates were 99.6%-106% and the precision rate RSD was <5.49%. Furthermore, this method has been applied to quantify the secretion of lactic acid in cells exposed to mono‑2‑ethylhexyl phthalate at different doses and in cancer cells over time. Taken in concert, our method proved to be both sensitive and reliable and may be applied for studies on mitochondrial function and cell glycolysis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Genetic Family, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Tan
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ze-Ze Wang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Kao-Qi Lian
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wei-Jun Kang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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17
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Luo T, Dong Y, He S, Yang J, Dong Y. Establishing a sensitive capillary electrophoresis-UV method for direct determination of amino acids to evaluate vinegar quality. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1410-1416. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Yue Dong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Shujuan He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Yuming Dong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
- Lanzhou Universty-Techcomp (China) Ltd Joint Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China
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Stepwise extraction, chemical modification, GC-MS separation, and determination of amino acids in human plasma#. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yang Y, Fan TWM, Lane AN, Higashi RM. Chloroformate derivatization for tracing the fate of Amino acids in cells and tissues by multiple stable isotope resolved metabolomics (mSIRM). Anal Chim Acta 2017; 976:63-73. [PMID: 28576319 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids have crucial roles in central metabolism, both anabolic and catabolic. To elucidate these roles, steady-state concentrations of amino acids alone are insufficient, as each amino acid participates in multiple pathways and functions in a complex network, which can also be compartmentalized. Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) is an approach that uses atom-resolved tracking of metabolites through biochemical transformations in cells, tissues, or whole organisms. Using different elemental stable isotopes to label multiple metabolite precursors makes it possible to resolve simultaneously the utilization of these precursors in a single experiment. Conversely, a single precursor labeled with two (or more) different elemental isotopes can trace the allocation of e.g. C and N atoms through the network. Such dual-label experiments however challenge the resolution of conventional mass spectrometers, which must distinguish the neutron mass differences among different elemental isotopes. This requires ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (UHR-FTMS). When combined with direct infusion nano-electrospray ion source (nano-ESI), UHR-FTMS can provide rapid, global, and quantitative analysis of all possible mass isotopologues of metabolites. Unfortunately, very low mass polar metabolites such as amino acids can be difficult to analyze by current models of UHR-FTMS, plus the high salt content present in typical cell or tissue polar extracts may cause unacceptable ion suppression for sources such as nano-ESI. Here we describe a modified method of ethyl chloroformate (ECF) derivatization of amino acids to enable rapid quantitative analysis of stable isotope labeled amino acids using nano-ESI UHR-FTMS. This method showed excellent linearity with quantifiable limits in the low nanomolar range represented in microgram quantities of biological specimens, which results in extracts with total analyte abundances in the low to sub-femtomole range. We have applied this method to profile amino acids and their labeling patterns in 13C and 2H doubly labeled PC9 cell extracts, cancerous and non-cancerous tissue extracts from a lung cancer patient and their protein hydrolysates as well as plasma extracts from mice fed with a liquid diet containing 13C6-glucose (Glc). The multi-element isotopologue distributions provided key insights into amino acid metabolism and intracellular pools in human lung cancer tissues in high detail. The 13C labeling of Asp and Glu revealed de novo synthesis of these amino acids from 13C6-Glc via the Krebs cycle, specifically the elevated level of 13C3-labeled Asp and Glu in cancerous versus non-cancerous lung tissues was consistent with enhanced pyruvate carboxylation. In addition, tracking the fate of double tracers, (13C6-Glc + 2H2-Gly or 13C6-Glc + 2H3-Ser) in PC9 cells clearly resolved pools of Ser and Gly synthesized de novo from 13C6-Glc (13C3-Ser and 13C2-Gly) versus Ser and Gly derived from external sources (2H3-Ser, 2H2-Gly). Moreover the complex 2H labeling patterns of the latter were results of Ser and Gly exchange through active Ser-Gly one-carbon metabolic pathway in PC9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA.
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA.
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Li J, Qi HY, Wang YB, Su Q, Wu S, Wu L. Hollow fiber-stir bar sorptive extraction and microwave assisted derivatization of amino acids in biological matrices. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1474:32-39. [PMID: 27836229 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A kind of solid phase microextraction configuration combining the principles of hollow fiber solid phase microextraction (HF-SPME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is presented. The main feature of HF-SBSE is the use of microporous hollow fiber acting as the carrier and filter, while a thin stainless steel wire and silica microspheres in the lumen of hollow fiber respectively acting as the magnetic stirrer and the dispersed sorbents for the collection and extraction of the target analytes, thus affording extraction process like SBSE. Moreover, the prepared hollow fiber stir bar was applied to direct microextraction and microwave assisted derivatization with N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluroacetamide (BSTFA) of four amino acids in rats' urine and cerebrospinal fluid followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometric analysis. The limits of detection for four amino acids were found to be in the range of 0.0003-0.017μgmL-1, and all the analytes did not exhibit any lack of fit. The extraction recoveries using HF-SBSE techniques ranged from 71.8% to 102.3%. The results indicated that hollow fiber stir bar sorptive extraction was a promising technique for the enrichment and direct derivatization of analytes extracted from biological matrices without sample clean-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Huan-Yang Qi
- Xiamen Medicine Research Institute, Xiamen 361008, China
| | - Yan-Bin Wang
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiong Su
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shang Wu
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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González Paredes RM, García Pinto C, Pérez Pavón JL, Moreno Cordero B. Derivatization coupled to headspace programmed-temperature vaporizer gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of amino acids: Application to urine samples. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3375-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María González Paredes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Carmelo García Pinto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez Pavón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Bernardo Moreno Cordero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
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Hušek P, Švagera Z, Hanzlíková D, Řimnáčová L, Zahradníčková H, Opekarová I, Šimek P. Profiling of urinary amino-carboxylic metabolites by in-situ heptafluorobutyl chloroformate mediated sample preparation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1443:211-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Sensitive and reliable analysis of endogenous compounds is critically important for many physiological and pathological studies. Methods based on LC–MS have progressed to become the method of choice for analyzing endogenous compounds. However, the analysis can be challenging due to various factors, including inherent low concentrations in biological samples, low ionization efficiency, undesirable chromatographic behavior and interferences of complex biological. The integration of chemical derivatization with LC–MS could enhance its capabilities in sensitivity and selectivity, and extend its application to a wider range of analytes. In this article, we will review the derivatization strategies in the LC–MS analysis of various endogenous compounds, and provide applications highlighting the impact of these important techniques in the evaluation of pathological events.
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Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by GC–MS/MS analysis for the determination of valproic acid in urine samples. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2451-9. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant drug used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. A method based on simultaneous derivatization and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by GC–MS/MS analysis has been developed for the determination of VPA in urine samples. Results: This optimized and validated method shows good linearity with R2 value of 0.999. LOD and LOQ of VPA was found to be 0.4 ng ml-1 and 1.4 ng ml-1, respectively. Recovery of VPA was found to be in the range of 80 to 92%. Conclusion: The developed method can find its wide applicability for the routine analysis of VPA in toxicological and clinical laboratories.
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Zhao J, Ge LY, Xiong W, Leong F, Huang LQ, Li SP. Advanced development in phytochemicals analysis of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (2011-2014). J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:39-54. [PMID: 26385085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, we wrote a review for summarizing the phytochemical analysis (2006-2010) of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (Zhao et al., J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011) 7453-7475). Since then, more than 750 articles related to their phytochemical analysis have been published. Therefore, an updated review for the advanced development (2011-2014) in this topic is necessary for well understanding the quality control and health beneficial phytochemicals in these materials, as well as their research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Ya Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Wei Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Fong Leong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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26
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Wang Y, Xu A, Liu P, Li Z. Effects of Fuzhuan Brick-Tea Water Extract on Mice Infected with E. coli O157:H7. Nutrients 2015; 7:5309-26. [PMID: 26140539 PMCID: PMC4516995 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzhuan brick-tea extract (FBTE) affects the physiology of mice infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7. For 10 consecutive days, 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 g/mL FBTE was administered intragastrically to three groups of infected Kunming mice, and changes in immunological function, hematology, and histopathology were examined. The results revealed upregulation of platelets, total protein, and albumin along with downregulation of serum triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea nitrogen in FBTE-treated mice. Histological sections of stomach, kidney, duodenum, ileum, and colon suggested that infected mucous membranes could be rehabilitated by low- and high-dose FBTE and that inflammation was alleviated. Similarly, increased thymic function in mice treated with middle- and high-dose FBTE led to elevated serum hemolysin antibody titer and increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as indicated by CD4+ and CD8+ expression on intestinal mucosa. Monocyte and macrophage function was improved by three FBTE dosages tested. Colonic microbiota analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed characteristic bands in infected mice treated with middle- and high-dose FBTE and increased species diversity in Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Clostridium cluster IV. These results suggest that FBTE may protect kidney and liver of mice infected with E. coli O157:H7, improve immune function, and regulate the colonic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Aiqing Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China.
- Functional Food Sub-center, National Research Center of Engineering &Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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27
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Płotka-Wasylka JM, Morrison C, Biziuk M, Namieśnik J. Chemical derivatization processes applied to amine determination in samples of different matrix composition. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4693-718. [PMID: 26023865 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M Płotka-Wasylka
- †Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Calum Morrison
- ‡Forensic Medicine and Science, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Biziuk
- †Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- †Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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In vivo and ex vivo SPME: a low invasive sampling and sample preparation tool in clinical bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1227-39. [PMID: 24946923 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is well-established technology in bioanalysis. Current review discusses the features of SPME, which determine the non- or low-invasiveness of the method in biomedical analysis. In the first section we analyze the factors, which have significant influence on the SPME sampling device performance in the view of sampling safety and efficiency. In the later sections applicability of various SPME approaches for analysis of easily accessible samples routinely used for analysis (e.g., urine, blood) as well as limited availability samples (tissues) is discussed. Moreover, the examples of sampling alternative matrices such as hair, saliva, sweat or breath are presented. The advantages and limitation of the technology in the view of future development of SPME are also reviewed.
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29
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Todua NG, Tretyakov KV, Mikaia AI. Mass spectrometry of analytical derivatives. 1. Cyanide cations in the spectra of N- alkyl-N-perfluoroacyl- α-amino acids and their methyl esters. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:183-90. [PMID: 26307698 PMCID: PMC5094188 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The central mission for the development of the National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Institutes of Health/Environmental Protection Agency Mass Spectral Library is the acquisition of reference gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data for important compounds and their chemical modification products. The addition of reliable reference data of various derivatives of amino acids to The Library, and the study of their behavior under electron ionization conditions may be useful for their identification, structure elucidation and a better understanding of the data obtained when the same derivatives are subjected to other ionization methods. N-Alkyl-N-perfluoroacyl derivatives of amino acids readily produce previously unreported alkylnitrilium cations of composition [HC≡N-alkyl](+). Homologous [HC≡N-aryl](+) cations are typical for corresponding N-aryl analogs. The formation of other ions characteristic for these derivatives involves oxygen rearrangement giving rise to ions [C(n)F(2n+1)-C≡N(+)C(n)H(2n+1)] and [CnF(2n+1)-C≡N(+)-aryl]. The introduction of an N-benzyl substituent in a molecule favors a process producing benzylidene iminium cations. L-Threonine and L-cysteine derivatives exhibit more fragmentation pathways not typical for other α-amino acids; additionally, the N(ω)- amino group in L-lysine directs the dissociation process and provides structural information on the substitution at the amino functions in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino G Todua
- Na tional Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Kirill V Tretyakov
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Anzor I Mikaia
- Na tional Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Liu J, Chan W. Quantification of Thiazolidine-4-carboxylic Acid in Toxicant-Exposed Cells by Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Reveals an Intrinsic Antagonistic Response to Oxidative Stress-Induced Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 28:394-400. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500342w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Environmental Science Programs and ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Chan
- Environmental Science Programs and ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Since the complexity origin of biological samples, the research trends have been directed to the development of new miniaturized sample preparation techniques. This review provides a comprehensive survey of past and present microextraction methods followed by GC analysis for preconcentration and determination of various analytes in urine samples. These techniques have been classified in three general groups, including liquid-, solid- and membrane-based techniques. The principal of different microextraction methods that are located in each general group as well as their various extraction modes and the recent developments introduced for them has been presented. Subsequently, a comparison survey has been carried out among different microextraction techniques and finally a future perspective has been predicted based on the existing literature.
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A new analytical method to determine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in surface water using in situ derivatization combined with ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 129:552-9. [PMID: 25127632 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of the high stability and potential toxic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is important to closely monitor their concentrations in the environment using a sensitive analytical method. In this study, a simple, rapid, efficient, and sensitive analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to determine the levels of seven common NSAIDs in various types of surface water. To simplify sample preparation, in situ derivatization using methyl chloroformate was combined with ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction. For selection and optimization of significant variables, experiments were statistically designed using Plackett-Burman design and central composite design. The resulting optimal conditions for derivatization and extraction were 100 μL of chloroform (extraction solvent), 10.0 mL of sample, and 240 μL of pyridine (catalyst as a base in derivatization). The optimized sample preparation coupled with optimized GC-MS analysis in selected ion monitoring mode provided good linearity from 0.010 to 5.0 ng mL(-1), and a limit of detection between 0.0050 and 0.010 ng mL(-1), good intra-day and inter-day precision (0.30-6.3% and 5.1-9.5%, respectively), and good accuracy (relative recovery; 91-117% at 0.20 ng mL(-1) and 77-105% at 2.5 ng mL(-1)). Compared with previously reported methods, the current method requires a small volume of sample and simple sample preparation steps for sensitive determination of NSAID levels using a conventional GC-MS system. The method was successfully applied to determine the levels of seven common NSAIDs in various types of surface water.
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Walsh RG, He S, Yarnes CT. Compound-specific δ13C and δ15N analysis of amino acids: a rapid, chloroformate-based method for ecological studies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:96-108. [PMID: 24285394 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids has proven informative to many ecological systems, but only a handful of analytical methods are routinely employed. We evaluated a simple, rapid procedure in which biological samples undergo short-duration acid hydrolysis and the resulting amino acids are derivatized with methyl chloroformate for gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). METHODS Amino acid derivatives were separated on a polar gas chromatography column, combusted, and δ(13)C and δ(15)N values were measured. Tests of reproducibility and accuracy were conducted for amino acid reference mixtures and biological samples. A brief case study of turtles was used to assess whether isotopic data were consistent with a priori ecological expectations. RESULTS The methyl chloroformate based reaction successfully converted 15 amino acids from acid hydrolysates of biological materials into separable derivatives. The δ(13)C and δ(15)N values had high average measurement precision (σ <1‰). Reference materials were measured accurately, with good agreement between EA/IRMS and GC/C/IRMS determinations. Analysis of turtle blood samples yielded data consistent with their trophic ecology. CONCLUSIONS This derivatization method is a rapid means of determining carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of amino acids present in the biological materials often sampled for ecological studies. While amino acids with charged or polar side chains do not have uniformly high recoveries, the average precision of measurements is comparable with that of other, more established methods. Batches of samples may be prepared from many raw materials in less than a day, representing a significant reduction in preparation time over prevailing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Walsh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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34
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Tian M, Zhang J, Mohamed AC, Han Y, Guo L, Yang L. Efficient capillary electrophoresis separation and determination of free amino acids in beer samples. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:577-84. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tian
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun Jilin P. R. China
| | - Junfu Zhang
- Department of Public Security of Jilin Province; Institute of Forensic Science; Changchun Jilin P. R. China
| | | | - Yingzi Han
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun Jilin P. R. China
| | - Liping Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun Jilin P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun Jilin P. R. China
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35
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Picariello G, Mamone G, Nitride C, Addeo F, Ferranti P. Protein digestomics: Integrated platforms to study food-protein digestion and derived functional and active peptides. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Mudiam MKR, Ratnasekhar C. Ultra sound assisted one step rapid derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of amino acids in complex matrices. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1291:10-8. [PMID: 23602642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and economical method for the simultaneous determination of 20 amino acids in complex biological and food matrices (hair, urine and soybean seed samples) has been developed using ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction (UA-DLLME). The method involves simultaneous derivatization and extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of amino acids. The parameters of UA-DLLME were optimized with the aid of design of experiments approach. The procedure involves the rapid injection of mixture of acetonitrile (disperser solvent), trichloroethylene (TCE) (extraction solvent) and ethylchloroformate (derivatization reagent) into the aqueous phase of sample extract containing pyridine. The Plackett-Burman design has indicated that, the factors such as volume of disperser and extraction solvents and pH were found to be significantly affects the extraction efficiency of the method. The optimum conditions of these factors based on central composite design were found to be 250μL of acetonitrile, 80μL of TCE and pH of 10. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 0.36-3.68μgL(-1) and 1.26-12.01μgL(-1) respectively. This is the first application of DLLME for the analysis of amino acids in any matrices. The advantages like (i) in situ derivatization and extraction of amino acids without any prior lyophilization and cleanup of sample, (ii) low consumption of extraction solvent, (iii) fast and simple, (iv) cost-effective and (iv) good repeatability make the method amenable for the routine analysis of amino acids in clinical, toxicological, nutritional and quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ferreira AMC, Laespada MEF, Pavón JLP, Cordero BM. In situ aqueous derivatization as sample preparation technique for gas chromatographic determinations. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:70-83. [PMID: 23726081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of derivatization reactions is a common practice in analytical laboratories. Although in many cases it is tedious and time-consuming, it does offer a good alternative for the determination of analytes not compatible to gas chromatography. Many of the reactions reported in the literature occur in organic medium. However, in situ aqueous derivatization reactions, which can be performed directly in aqueous medium, offer important advantages over those mentioned above, such as no need of a previous extraction step and easy automation. Here we review the most recent developments and applications of in situ aqueous derivatization. The discussion focuses on the derivatization reactions used for the determination of alcohols and phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds and thiols in different aqueous matrices, such as environmental, biological and food samples. Several reactions are described for each functional group (acylation, alkylation, esterification, among others) and, in some cases, the same reagents can be used for several functional groups, such that there is an unavoidable overlap between sections. Finally, attention is also focused on the techniques used for the introduction of the derivatives formed in the aqueous medium into the chromatographic system. The implementation of in situ aqueous derivatization coupled to preconcentration techniques has permitted the enhancement of recoveries and improvements in the separation, selectivity and sensitivity of the analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casas Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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