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Franco-Martinez L, Muñoz-Prieto A, Busato F, Karveliene B, Stadaliene I, Ceron JJ, Carrillo JD, Garcia-Martinez JD, Dabrowski R, Pardo-Marín L, Martinez-Subiela S, Tvarijonaviciute A. Evaluation of the presence of gingivitis as confounding factor in assessing inflammatory status in serum and saliva of dogs with diabetes mellitus. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:116. [PMID: 38521919 PMCID: PMC10960392 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the serum and salivary inflammatory markers induced by Diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs and to assess the possible confounding effect of gingivitis. A panel of 13 cytokines was measured in the serum and saliva of dogs diagnosed with DM and compared with healthy dogs without gingivitis (control group 1; CG1) and dogs with gingivitis but otherwise healthy (control group 2; CG2). The results of the present study showed statistically significantly higher levels of IL-8, KC-like and MCP1 in the serum of dogs with DM compared to CG1 dogs. In the case of saliva, the DM group presented statistically higher GM-CSF, IL6, IL15, and MCP1 levels compared to CG1, and lower KC-like chemokine compared to CG2. Finally, gingivitis produced changes in saliva, with salivary levels of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IP-10, KC-like, IL-10, IL-18, MCP1, TNFα being statistically significantly higher in the saliva of CG2 dogs compared to CG1. The results of the present study indicate that dogs with DM have altered cytokine levels in serum and saliva compared to healthy dogs. In addition, this study highlights the importance of taking oral health into account when determining cytokines in dogs, as gingivitis can significantly alter their concentrations. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Franco-Martinez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Ed. 16, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Ed. 16, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francesca Busato
- Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, PD, Italy
| | - Birute Karveliene
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animals Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, Kaunas, 47181, Lithuania
| | - Inga Stadaliene
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animals Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, Kaunas, 47181, Lithuania
| | - Jose J Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Ed. 16, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Juana D Carrillo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan D Garcia-Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Roman Dabrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
| | - Luis Pardo-Marín
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Ed. 16, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Silvia Martinez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Ed. 16, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Ed. 16, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Huang L, Wang G, Wu Y, Wang Z, Ding Y, Liang H, Hua X. Development of competitive and noncompetitive lateral flow immunoassays for pendimethalin using synthetic peptides. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:68. [PMID: 38159155 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Peptidomimetic and anti-immunocomplex peptides can be easily isolated from phage display libraries, and can be used as alternatives to chemical competing haptens to improve the sensitivity of small molecule immunoassay. In this work, 16 peptidomimetics and 7 anti-immunocomplex peptides of pendimethalin (PND) were obtained from cyclic 7-, 8-, 9-, and 10-residue peptide phage libraries. Peptidomimetic EJ-2 (CMFTGTDFPC) with the highest sensitivity in competitive phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunocomplex peptide EF-30 (CNPGWPPIPC) with the highest sensitivity in noncompetitive phage ELISA were selected to prepare phage-free peptides with GGGSSK-biotin at the C-terminus. Competitive and noncompetitive lateral flow immunoassays (CLFIA and NLFIA) were developed by using the phage-free peptides. After optimization, the CLFIA and NLFIA showed visual limit of detections (vLODs) of 5 ng/mL and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively, which were improved two- and fourfold compared with a LFIA based on chemical hapten. The NLFIA showed better sensitivity than CLFIA in the detection of spiked samples, and can meet the detection requirements for agro-products regulated by EU and China. The detection results of CLFIA and NLFIA for blind samples were consistent with that of ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianrun Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guixiu Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Xu ZH, Wang JK, Ye QX, Jiang LF, Deng H, Liang JF, Chen RX, Huang W, Lei HT, Xu ZL, Luo L. Highly selective monoclonal antibody-based fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for the detection of fenpropathrin in vegetable and fruit samples. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1246:340898. [PMID: 36764779 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin (FPT) is a typical pyrethroid pesticide that can cause chronic toxicity to humans. Herein, an anti-FPT monoclonal antibody (mAb) was elicited via a novel hapten synthesized by introducing a carboxyl-containing spacer arm in the cyclopropane moiety of FPT. Characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the mAb exhibited high affinity and selectivity to FPT with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 31.05 μg/L and negligible cross-reactivities with analogs of pyrethroids. Based on the mAb, a fluorescence immunochromatographic assay (FICA) for FPT detection was firstly developed. The detection limit of the FICA is 0.012 mg/kg which is much lower than the maximum residue limit of FPT for food samples. The average recoveries of FPT from spiked food samples by the FICA were 85.0-105.0%, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, this work provided a reliable tool suitable for the detection of FPT residue for large-scale samples in a rapid and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun-Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiu-Xiong Ye
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510410, China
| | - Lin-Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Wanlian Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Cold-chain of Hainan Province, Institute of Agro-products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Jun-Fa Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510410, China
| | - Run-Xi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Xu ZH, Liu J, Li B, Wang JK, Zeng X, Chen ZJ, Hongsibsong S, Huang W, Lei HT, Sun YM, Xu ZL. The Simultaneous Determination of Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl and -Methyl with a New Format of Fluorescence-Based Immunochromatographic Assay. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1006. [PMID: 36421124 PMCID: PMC9688337 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The improper and excessive use in agriculture of chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPSM) and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPSE) may affect the health of human beings. Herein, a fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay (FICA) was developed for the simultaneous determination of CPSM and CPSE. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) with equal recognition of CPSM and CPSE was generated by the careful designing of haptens and screening of hybridoma cells. Instead of labeling fluorescence with mAb, the probe was labeled with goat-anti-mouse IgG (GAM-IgG) and pre-incubated with mAb in the sample. The complex could compete with CPS by coating antigen in the test line. The new format of FICA used goat-anti-rabbit IgG (GAR-IgG) conjugated with rabbit IgG labeled with fluorescence microspheres as an independent quality control line (C line). The novel strategy significantly reduced nonspecific reactions and increased assay sensitivity. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed FICA showed a linear range of 0.015-64 mg/L and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.015 mg/L for both CPSE and CPSM. The average recoveries of CPS from spiked food samples by FICA were 82.0-110.0%. The accuracy was similar to the gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) results. The developed FICA was an ideal on-site tool for rapid screening of CPS residues in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510410, China
| | - Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Dayuanlvzhou Food Safety Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jun-Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510410, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Khelifa L, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Lateral flow assays for hormone detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2451-2475. [PMID: 35713489 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine diseases are the fifth most common cause of death and have a considerable impact on society given that they induce long-term morbidity in patients. For many decades, the measurement of hormones has been of great interest since this can be used to diagnose a plethora of pathological conditions. As a result, the endocrine testing market has experienced exponential growth. Several techniques have been utilised for the detection of hormones; however, they are expensive, laborious and require specialist training. Conversely, lateral flow assays (LFAs) are cheap (<£1) and rapid (<5 min) devices. LFAs typically rely on biochemical interactions between antibodies and antigens to produce coloured signals proportional to analyte concentrations, which can be visually inspected. Given their simplicity, LFAs are now considered the most attractive point-of-care device in medicine. However, the measurement of hormones in biofluids using LFAs faces many challenges including (i) the necessity for sensitive detection methods, (ii) the need for multiplexed devices for the confirmation of a diagnosis, and (iii) difficulties in sample preparation and pre-concentration. As such, most hormone LFAs remain in the research phase, and the few that have been commercialised require further optimisation before they can be employed for routine use. This review summarises the basic principles underlying lateral flow technology and provides an overview of recent advances, challenges, and potential solutions for the detection of hormone biomarkers via LFAs. Finally, hormone LFA kits available on the market are presented, with a look towards future developments and trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Khelifa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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McPeake KJ, Collins LM, Zulch H, Mills DS. Behavioural and Physiological Correlates of the Canine Frustration Questionnaire. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3346. [PMID: 34944121 PMCID: PMC8698056 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frustration is a negative emotional state implicated in a range of canine behaviour problems. The Canine Frustration Questionnaire (CFQ) is the first psychometric tool developed to assess frustration tendencies in dogs based on owner report. However, to date, no published studies have assessed behavioural and physiological correlates of this trait. A novel behaviour test battery was developed to induce frustration in dogs, mapping onto the CFQ. Forty-four dogs were recruited and filmed whilst undertaking the test battery, and a CFQ was completed by each owner. Targeted behavioural measures were assessed from this footage, based on hypotheses aimed at evaluating convergent and discriminant validity with facets of the CFQ. In addition, a saliva sample was collected pre- and post-testing for 39 dogs, and a cortisol assay performed using ELISA to provide a physiological measure of arousal. A range of predicted behavioural test measures (e.g., vocalising and lunging) positively correlated with CFQ scores. For 22 dogs with pre-test salivary cortisol levels of <4 ng/mL (indicative of normal arousal at baseline), cortisol change and post-test cortisol levels positively correlated with the CFQ PC5 'Frustration coping' score. These results provide further evidence of the validity of frustration tendencies as measured by owner report through the CFQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. McPeake
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- Animal Behaviour Cognition and Welfare Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; (H.Z.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Lisa M. Collins
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Helen Zulch
- Animal Behaviour Cognition and Welfare Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; (H.Z.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Daniel S. Mills
- Animal Behaviour Cognition and Welfare Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; (H.Z.); (D.S.M.)
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Holder TRN, Gruen ME, Roberts DL, Somers T, Bozkurt A. A Systematic Literature Review of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Oncology (Part I): Methods and Results. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420943278. [PMID: 32815410 PMCID: PMC7444110 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420943278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) use human-animal interactions to positive effect in various contexts including cancer care. As the first installment of a 2-part series, this systematic literature review focuses on the research methods and quantitative results of AAI studies in oncology. We find methodological consistency in the use of canines as therapy animals, in the types of high-risk patients excluded from studies, and in the infection precautions taken with therapy animals throughout cancer wards. The investigated patient endpoints are not significantly affected by AAI, with the exceptions of improvements in oxygen consumption, quality of life, depression, mood, and satisfaction with therapy. The AAI field in oncology has progressed significantly since its inception and has great potential to positively affect future patient outcomes. To advance the field, future research should consistently improve the methodological design of studies, report data more completely, and focus more on the therapy animal’s well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R N Holder
- University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alper Bozkurt
- University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Di Nardo F, Chiarello M, Cavalera S, Baggiani C, Anfossi L. Ten Years of Lateral Flow Immunoassay Technique Applications: Trends, Challenges and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5185. [PMID: 34372422 PMCID: PMC8348896 DOI: 10.3390/s21155185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) is by far one of the most successful analytical platforms to perform the on-site detection of target substances. LFIA can be considered as a sort of lab-in-a-hand and, together with other point-of-need tests, has represented a paradigm shift from sample-to-lab to lab-to-sample aiming to improve decision making and turnaround time. The features of LFIAs made them a very attractive tool in clinical diagnostic where they can improve patient care by enabling more prompt diagnosis and treatment decisions. The rapidity, simplicity, relative cost-effectiveness, and the possibility to be used by nonskilled personnel contributed to the wide acceptance of LFIAs. As a consequence, from the detection of molecules, organisms, and (bio)markers for clinical purposes, the LFIA application has been rapidly extended to other fields, including food and feed safety, veterinary medicine, environmental control, and many others. This review aims to provide readers with a 10-years overview of applications, outlining the trends for the main application fields and the relative compounded annual growth rates. Moreover, future perspectives and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (L.A.)
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Cavalera S, Agulló C, Mercader JV, Di Nardo F, Chiarello M, Anfossi L, Baggiani C, D'Avolio A, Abad-Somovilla A, Abad-Fuentes A. Monoclonal antibodies with subnanomolar affinity to tenofovir for monitoring adherence to antiretroviral therapies: from hapten synthesis to prototype development. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10439-10449. [PMID: 33124633 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 32 million people have died of HIV infection since the beginning of the outbreak, and 38 million are currently infected. Among strategies adopted by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS to end the AIDS global epidemic, the treatment, diagnosis, and viral suppression of the infected subjects are considered crucial for HIV prevention and transmission. Although several antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are successfully used to manage HIV infection, their efficacy strictly relies on perfect adherence to the therapy, which is seldom achieved. Patient supervision, especially in HIV-endemic, low-resource settings, requires rapid, easy-to-use, and affordable analytical tools, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and especially the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). In this work, high-affinity monoclonal antibodies were generated to develop ELISA and LFIA prototypes for monitoring tenofovir (TFV), an ARV drug present in several HIV treatments. TFV was functionalized by inserting a carboxylated C5-linker at the phosphonic group of the molecule, and the synthetic derivative was conjugated to proteins for mice immunization. Through a rigorous screening strategy of hybridoma supernatants, a panel of monoclonal antibodies strongly binding to TFV was obtained. Following antibody characterization for affinity and selectivity by competitive ELISA, a LFIA prototype was developed and tentatively applied to determine TFV in simulated urine. The point-of-care test showed ultra-high detectability (the visual limit of detection was 2.5 nM, 1.4 ng mL-1), excellent selectivity, and limited proneness to matrix interference, thus potentially making this rapid method a valuable tool for the on-site assessment of patient adherence to ARV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | - Consuelo Agulló
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep V Mercader
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio D'Avolio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Abad-Fuentes
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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The combined use of salivary cortisol concentrations, heart rate, and respiratory rate for the welfare assessment of dogs involved in AAI programs. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Di Nardo F, Cavalera S, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C, Anfossi L. Direct vs Mediated Coupling of Antibodies to Gold Nanoparticles: The Case of Salivary Cortisol Detection by Lateral Flow Immunoassay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32758-32768. [PMID: 31381297 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stable and efficient conjugates between antibodies and gold nanoparticles (GNP-Ab) are sought to develop highly sensitive and robust biosensors with applications in medicine, toxicology, food safety controls, and targeted drug delivery. Several strategies have been proposed for directing the antibody attachment to GNPs thus preserving antibody activity, including covalently coupling the antibody to a polymer grafted on GNP surface and exploiting the high affinity of bioreceptors as mediators for the binding. Both approaches also allow for shielding GNPs with a protective layer that guarantees the robustness of the conjugate. Notwithstanding, antibodies freely adsorb to GNP with high binding efficiency. The nonspecific adsorption is far more simple, fast, and inexpensive than any mediated coupling. Therefore, it is preferred for most applications, although it is considered to produce GNP-Ab with a limited activity. In this work, we compared three strategies for producing GNP-Ab, such as (i) covalent coupling mediated by a chemical layer, (ii) affinity-based binding mediated by a biomolecular layer composed of Staphylococcal protein A, and (iii) direct attachment via adsorption. The so-prepared GNP-Ab were employed as probes in a colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for measuring salivary cortisol as a model biosensor that relies on the use of active GNP-Ab conjugates. Unexpectedly, the biosensors fabricated using the three probes were completely comparable in terms of their ability to measure salivary cortisol. Furthermore, we observed that the sensitivity of the LFIA primarily depended on the amount of the antibody bound to GNPs rather than on the method by which it was bound. The probes prepared using both the direct adsorption approach and mediated coupling via the biochemical mediator enabled development of point-of-care devices for the fast, sensitive, and reliable measurement of human salivary cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 5 , 10125 Torino , Italy
| | - Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 5 , 10125 Torino , Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 5 , 10125 Torino , Italy
| | - Cristina Giovannoli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 5 , 10125 Torino , Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 5 , 10125 Torino , Italy
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12
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Determination of Salivary Cortisol in Donkey Stallions. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 77:68-71. [PMID: 31133319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary cortisol provides information about free plasma cortisol concentration, and salivary sampling is a noninvasive well-tolerated procedure. The aim of this study was to validate a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the determination of salivary cortisol in donkeys. Saliva samples were collected in four donkey stallions on 13 nonconsecutive days at 8:30 AM to avoid circadian variation. Animals were already accustomed to be handled. Saliva was collected using a swab inserted at the angle of the lips, placed onto the tongue for 1 minute and returned into a polypropylene tube. Tubes were centrifuged, and at least 1 mL of saliva was aspirated from each sample and frozen at -20°C until analysis. A commercial enzyme immunoassay kit without extraction was used for determination of cortisol in saliva. Median cortisol concentrations with minimum and maximum value were calculated. Recovery of cortisol standard in donkey saliva was between 97.3% and 99.7%, and serial dilution of donkey saliva samples with assay buffer resulted in changes in optical density parallel to the standard curve. Cross-reactivity of the antiserum was 10.4% with 11-deoxycortisol, 5.2% with corticosterone, 0.4% with 11-deoxycorticosterone, 0.2% with cortisone, and <0.1% with testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 10.7%, the interassay variation was 8.0%, and the minimal detectable concentration was 0.01 ng/mL. The results of the present study demonstrate the validity of a commercial kit to determine the concentration of cortisol in donkey saliva as already reported in other species.
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Zadehkafi A, Siavashi M, Asiaei S, Bidgoli MR. Simple geometrical modifications for substantial color intensity and detection limit enhancements in lateral-flow immunochromatographic assays. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1110-1111:1-8. [PMID: 30772779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the ongoing challenges in lateral flow Immunochromatographic assays (LFIA), is lowering the limit of detection and enhancing their signal quality, i.e. the color intensity. There are a number of rather costly and complicated processes for this aim, such as the use of functionalized materials/membranes and additional spectroscopic readout units. Nonetheless, there are simple and easy to practice alternatives, to be uncovered by analyzing the essential parameters of immunological reactions. The color intensity of the test line is a function of analytes flow velocity and their reaction rate. Detection pad width and test line position impact the flow velocity and reaction rate kinetics, examined in this paper for the limit of detection (LOD) and test-line color intensity. Firstly, the impact of width on the LOD was examined for human chorionic gonadotropin (pregnancy biomarker). Test line color intensity was measured using five different widths of the detection pad (trapezoidal) and four different test line positions, and the trends observed were explained according to the measured evolution of the velocity along the chromatography paper. With a constant width absorbent pad, LOD was cut by half to 5 mIU/ml by using a narrowing width detection pad, which keeps the wicking velocity higher than normal strips, and compared to them, color intensity increase between 55 and 150%, depending on the concentration. Nevertheless, a widening detection pad might cut the color intensity up to 150%, compared to normal strips, due to a profound decline of the analyte to ligand ratio at the test line. In addition, adequately sending the test line away from the conjugate pad yields the highest possible color intensity, for up to 400% of increase, in lower concentrations and narrowing test pads. However, further distancing the test line downfalls the color intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zadehkafi
- Sensors and Integrated Bio-Microfluidics/MEMS Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Siavashi
- Applied Multi-Phase Fluid Dynamics Lab., School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Asiaei
- Sensors and Integrated Bio-Microfluidics/MEMS Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rabbani Bidgoli
- Sensors and Integrated Bio-Microfluidics/MEMS Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Trends in Analysis of Cortisol and Its Derivatives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:649-664. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Franco-Martínez L, Tvarijonaviciute A, Horvatić A, Guillemin N, Cerón JJ, Escribano D, Eckersall D, Kocatürk M, Yilmaz Z, Lamy E, Martínez-Subiela S, Mrljak V. Changes in salivary analytes in canine parvovirus: A high-resolution quantitative proteomic study. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 60:1-10. [PMID: 30396423 PMCID: PMC7124818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the changes in salivary proteome in parvoviral enteritis (PVE) in dogs through a high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis. Saliva samples from healthy dogs and dogs with severe parvovirosis that survived or perished due to the disease were analysed and compared by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) analysis. Proteomic analysis quantified 1516 peptides, and 287 (corresponding to 190 proteins) showed significantly different abundances between studied groups. Ten proteins were observed to change significantly between dogs that survived or perished due to PVE. Bioinformatics' analysis revealed that saliva reflects the involvement of different pathways in PVE such as catalytic activity and binding, and indicates antimicrobial humoral response as a pathway with a major role in the development of the disease. These results indicate that saliva proteins reflect physiopathological changes that occur in PVE and could be a potential source of biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Anita Horvatić
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain; Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Eckersall
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Meriç Kocatürk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Zeki Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Elsa Lamy
- ICAAM - Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Evora, Portugal
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Anfossi L, Di Nardo F, Profiti M, Nogarol C, Cavalera S, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C, Spano G, Ferroglio E, Mignone W, Rosati S. A versatile and sensitive lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4123-4134. [PMID: 29687248 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic infectious disease with a severe impact on humans and animals. Infection is transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, and several domestic and wild mammals act as reservoirs for the infection, so the prompt detection of infected hosts is crucial to preventing and controlling the spread of the disease and its transmission to humans. A rapid and portable tool for VL diagnosis based on the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology is described herein. The device exploits a highly specific chimeric recombinant antigen as the recognition element for capturing anti-leishmanial antibodies, and protein A labelled with gold nanoparticles as the signal reporter. The LFIA shows excellent diagnostic sensitivity (98.4%), specificity (98.9%), and agreement with serological reference methods for diagnosing canine VL. The long-term stability of the LFIA device was confirmed based on six months of storage at room temperature or 4 °C, and the qualitative response of the device was not affected by limited thermal stress. The use of the broadly specific protein A means that the LFIA can be readily adapted to diagnose VL in dogs (the main reservoir for human infection) and other mammals, thus further assisting efforts to control the spread of VL. Graphical abstract A rapid and portable diagnostic tool for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology. The presence of anti-leishmanial antibodies is revealed through the binding of these antibodies to a highly specific chimeric antigen. Employing a broadly specific signal reporter (protein A labelled with gold nanoparticles) enables the LFIA to be easily adapted to diagnose VL in different animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Profiti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Nogarol
- In3Diagnostic s.r.l., Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Giovannoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Spano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Ezio Ferroglio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Walter Mignone
- Sez. Imperia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124, Turin, Italy
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Di Nardo F, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C, Spano G, Anfossi L. Multicolor immunochromatographic strip test based on gold nanoparticles for the determination of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisins. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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