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Consolo F, D'Andria Ursoleo J, Pieri M, Nardelli P, Cianfanelli L, Pazzanese V, Ajello S, Scandroglio AM. The intelligent Impella: Future perspectives of artificial intelligence in the setting of Impella support. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38783580 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential useful tool to support clinical treatment of heart failure, including the setting of mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Modern Impella pumps are equipped with advanced technology (SmartAssist), enabling real-time acquisition and display of data related to both pump performance and the patient's haemodynamic status. These data emerge as an 'ideal' source for data-driven AI applications to predict the clinical course of an ongoing therapeutic protocol. Yet, no evidence of effective application of AI tools in the setting of Impella support is available. On this background, we aimed at identifying possible future applications of AI-based tools in the setting of temporary MCS with an Impella device. METHODS We explored the state of research and development at the intersection of AI and Impella support and derived future potential applications of AI in routine Impella clinical management. RESULTS We identified different areas where the future implementation of AI tools may contribute to addressing important clinical challenges in the setting of Impella support, including (i) early identification of the best suited pathway of care according to patients' conditions at presentation and intention to treat, (ii) prediction of therapy outcomes according to different possible therapeutic actions, (iii) optimization of device implantation procedures and evaluation of proper pump position over the whole course of support and (iv) prevention and/or rationale management of haemocompatibility-related adverse events. For each of those areas, we discuss the potential advantages, challenges and implications of harnessing AI-driven insights in the setting of MCS with an Impella device. CONCLUSIONS Temporary MCS with an Impella device has great potential to benefit from the integration of AI-based tools. Such tools may indeed translate into groundbreaking innovation supporting clinical decision-making and therapy regulation, in particular in complex scenarios such as the multidevice MCS strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacopo D'Andria Ursoleo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Pieri
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Nardelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cianfanelli
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pazzanese
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ajello
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mara Scandroglio
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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2
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Palermi S, Vecchiato M, Saglietto A, Niederseer D, Oxborough D, Ortega-Martorell S, Olier I, Castelletti S, Baggish A, Maffessanti F, Biffi A, D'Andrea A, Zorzi A, Cavarretta E, D'Ascenzi F. Unlocking the potential of artificial intelligence in sports cardiology: does it have a role in evaluating athlete's heart? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:470-482. [PMID: 38198776 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is evolving in different fields of cardiology and in particular in sports cardiology. Artificial intelligence offers significant opportunities to enhance risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of athletes. This article explores the application of AI in various aspects of sports cardiology, including imaging techniques, genetic testing, and wearable devices. The use of machine learning and deep neural networks enables improved analysis and interpretation of complex datasets. However, ethical and legal dilemmas must be addressed, including informed consent, algorithmic fairness, data privacy, and intellectual property issues. The integration of AI technologies should complement the expertise of physicians, allowing for a balanced approach that optimizes patient care and outcomes. Ongoing research and collaborations are vital to harness the full potential of AI in sports cardiology and advance our management of cardiovascular health in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palermi
- Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Saglietto
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Oxborough
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sandra Ortega-Martorell
- Data Science Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ivan Olier
- Data Science Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Silvia Castelletti
- Cardiology Department, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Aaron Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Biffi
- Med-Ex, Medicine & Exercise, Medical Partner Scuderia Ferrari, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zorzi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Sandeep B, Liu X, Huang X, Wang X, Mao L, Xiao Z. Feasibility of artificial intelligence its current status, clinical applications, and future direction in cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102349. [PMID: 38103818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In routine clinical practice, the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) rely on data in a variety of formats. These formats comprise invasive angiography, laboratory data, non-invasive imaging diagnostics, and patient history. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that aims to mimic human thought processes, learning capacity, and knowledge storage. In cardiovascular medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been used to discover novel genotypes and phenotypes in established diseases enhance patient care, enable cost effectiveness, and lower readmission and mortality rates. AI will lead to a paradigm change toward precision cardiovascular medicine in the near future. The promise application of AI in cardiovascular medicine is immense; however, failure to recognize and ignorance of the challenges may overshadow its potential clinical impact. AI can facilitate every stage in cardiology in the imaging process, from acquisition and reconstruction, to segmentation, measurement, interpretation, and subsequent clinical pathways. Along with new possibilities, new threats arise, acknowledging and understanding them is as important as understanding the machine learning (ML) methodology itself. Therefore, attention is also paid to the current opinions and guidelines regarding the validation and safety of AI. This paper provides a outline for clinicians on relevant aspects of AI and machine learning, selection of applications and methods in cardiology to date, and identifies how cardiovascular medicine could incorporate AI in the future. With progress continuing in this emerging technology, the impact for cardiovascular medicine is highlighted to provide insight for the practicing clinician and to identify potential patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Sandeep
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, China.
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, China
| | - Long Mao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, China
| | - Zongwei Xiao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, China
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4
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Jabal MS, Wahood W, Ibrahim MK, Kobeissi H, Ghozy S, Kallmes DF, Rabinstein AA, Brinjikji W. Machine learning prediction of hospital discharge disposition for inpatients with acute ischemic stroke following mechanical thrombectomy in the United States. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107489. [PMID: 37980845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Predicting patient recovery and discharge disposition following mechanical thrombectomy remains a challenge in patients with ischemic stroke. Machine learning offers a promising prognostication approach assisting in personalized post-thrombectomy care plans and resource allocation. As a large national database, National Inpatient Sample (NIS), contain valuable insights amenable to data-mining. The study aimed to develop and evaluate ML models predicting hospital discharge disposition with a focus on demographic, socioeconomic and hospital characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The NIS dataset (2006-2019) was used, including 4956 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke who underwent thrombectomy. Demographics, hospital characteristics, and Elixhauser comorbidity indices were recorded. Feature extraction, processing, and selection were performed using Python, with Maximum Relevance - Minimum Redundancy (MRMR) applied for dimensionality reduction. ML models were developed and benchmarked prior to interpretation of the best model using Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). RESULTS The multilayer perceptron model outperformed others and achieved an AUROC of 0.81, accuracy of 77 %, F1-score of 0.48, precision of 0.64, and recall of 0.54. SHAP analysis identified the most important features for predicting discharge disposition as dysphagia and dysarthria, NIHSS, age, primary payer (Medicare), cerebral edema, fluid and electrolyte disorders, complicated hypertension, primary payer (private insurance), intracranial hemorrhage, and thrombectomy alone. CONCLUSION Machine learning modeling of NIS database shows potential in predicting hospital discharge disposition for inpatients with acute ischemic stroke following mechanical thrombectomy in the NIS database. Insights gained from SHAP interpretation can inform targeted interventions and care plans, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sobhi Jabal
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Waseem Wahood
- Dr Kiran C Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Häner JD, Räber L, Moro C, Losdat S, Windecker S. Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention: experience in Switzerland. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1294930. [PMID: 38116535 PMCID: PMC10729757 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1294930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims of the study Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) exposes operators to ionizing radiation. Robotic-assisted PCI (RA-PCI) is a novel technology that enables interventional cardiologists to operate coronary devices remotely from a radiation-shed cockpit. The aim of this study is to describe the experience and challenges during the initiation of a RA-PCI program and to report outcomes of the first 21 patients undergoing RA-PCI in Switzerland. Methods All patients undergoing RA-PCI using the CorPath GRX Vascular Robotic System between 06/2021 and 12/2021 at Inselspital, Bern University Hospital were included in this retrospective registry study. Baseline, procedural and clinical follow-up data were prospectively assessed as part of the Cardiobase Bern PCI registry (NCT02241291). The two endpoints of interest were clinical success [defined as <30% residual diameter stenosis in the absence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: composite of death, periprocedural myocardial infarction, target-vessel revascularization, and stroke)] and robotic success (defined as clinical success and completion of RA-PCI without or with partial manual assistance). Additional outcome measures include clinical long-term outcomes at one year. Results Twenty-five lesions in 21 patients were treated with RA-PCI (age 62.4 ± 9.1 years, 24% female). Clinical success was achieved in 100%, and robotic success in 81% (17/21 procedures, including 4 procedures requiring partial manual assistance). Manual conversion (e.g. manual completion of the procedure) occurred in 19% (4 procedures). Reasons for manual assistance or conversion were poor guiding-catheter back-up or platform limitations (4), adverse events (2x transient slow-flow that was solved manually), safety decision (1x vasovagal reaction not related to robotic approach), and software error (1). No in-hospital MACE occurred. During 12 months of follow-up, one patient suffered a non-target-vessel myocardial infarction requiring repeat PCI. Conclusions RA-PCI can safely be performed without clinically relevant robot-associated complications in selected patients with approximately 80% of procedures conducted without or with partial manual assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D. Häner
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina Moro
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Howard T, Ahluwalia R, Papanas N. The Advent of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Foot Medicine: A New Horizon, a New Order, or a False Dawn? INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2023; 22:635-640. [PMID: 34488463 DOI: 10.1177/15347346211041866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In a world where automation is becoming increasingly common, easier collection of mass of data and powerful computer processing has meant a transformation in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The diabetic foot is a multifactorial problem; its issues render it suitable for analysis, interrogation, and development of AI. The latter has the potential to deliver many solutions to issues of delayed diagnosis, compliance, and defining preventative treatments. We describe the use of AI and the development of artificial neural networks that may supplement the failed networks in the diabetic foot. The potential of this technology, current developing applications, and their limitations for diabetic foot care are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raju Ahluwalia
- King's College Hospital, London, UK
- King's Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nikolas Papanas
- Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupoli, Greece
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7
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Sulaiman S, Kawsara A, El Sabbagh A, Mahayni AA, Gulati R, Rihal CS, Alkhouli M. Machine learning vs. conventional methods for prediction of 30-day readmission following percutaneous mitral edge-to-edge repair. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2023; 56:18-24. [PMID: 37248108 PMCID: PMC10762683 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying predictors of readmissions after mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (MV-TEER) is essential for risk stratification and optimization of clinical outcomes. AIMS We investigated the performance of machine learning [ML] algorithms vs. logistic regression in predicting readmissions after MV-TEER. METHODS We utilized the National-Readmission-Database to identify patients who underwent MV-TEER between 2015 and 2018. The database was randomly split into training (70 %) and testing (30 %) sets. Lasso regression was used to remove non-informative variables and rank informative ones. The top 50 informative predictors were tested using 4 ML models: ML-logistic regression [LR], Naive Bayes [NB], random forest [RF], and artificial neural network [ANN]/For comparison, we used a traditional statistical method (principal component analysis logistic regression PCA-LR). RESULTS A total of 9425 index hospitalizations for MV-TEER were included. Overall, the 30-day readmission rate was 14.6 %, and heart failure was the most common cause of readmission (32 %). The readmission cohort had a higher burden of comorbidities (median Elixhauser score 5 vs. 3) and frailty score (3.7 vs. 2.9), longer hospital stays (3 vs. 2 days), and higher rates of non-home discharges (17.4 % vs. 8.5 %). The traditional PCA-LR model yielded a modest predictive value (area under the curve [AUC] 0.615 [0.587-0.644]). Two ML algorithms demonstrated superior performance than the traditional PCA-LR model; ML-LR (AUC 0.692 [0.667-0.717]), and NB (AUC 0.724 [0.700-0.748]). RF (AUC 0.62 [0.592-0.677]) and ANN (0.65 [0.623-0.677]) had modest performance. CONCLUSION Machine learning algorithms may provide a useful tool for predicting readmissions after MV-TEER using administrative databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samian Sulaiman
- Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.
| | - Akram Kawsara
- Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Abdallah El Sabbagh
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Abdulah Amer Mahayni
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Rajiv Gulati
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Charanjit S Rihal
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Mohamad Alkhouli
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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8
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Alanzi T, Alotaibi R, Alajmi R, Bukhamsin Z, Fadaq K, AlGhamdi N, Bu Khamsin N, Alzahrani L, Abdullah R, Alsayer R, Al Muarfaj AM, Alanzi N. Barriers and Facilitators of Artificial Intelligence in Family Medicine: An Empirical Study With Physicians in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e49419. [PMID: 38149160 PMCID: PMC10750222 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel technology that has been widely acknowledged for its potential to improve the processes' efficiency across industries. However, its barriers and facilitators in healthcare are not completely understood due to its novel nature. STUDY PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to explore the intricate landscape of AI use in family medicine, aiming to uncover the factors that either hinder or enable its successful adoption. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design is adopted in this study. The questionnaire included 10 factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, trust, perceived privacy risk, personal innovativeness, ethical concerns, and facilitators) affecting the acceptance of AI. A total of 157 family physicians participated in the online survey. RESULTS Effort expectancy (μ = 3.85) and facilitating conditions (μ = 3.77) were identified to be strong influence factors. Access to data (μ = 4.33), increased computing power (μ = 3.92), and telemedicine (μ = 3.78) were identified as major facilitators; regulatory support (μ = 2.29) and interoperability standards (μ = 2.71) were identified as barriers along with privacy and ethical concerns. Younger individuals tend to have more positive attitudes and expectations toward AI-enabled assistants compared to older participants (p < .05). Perceived privacy risk is negatively correlated with all factors. CONCLUSION Although there are various barriers and concerns regarding the use of AI in healthcare, the preference for AI use in healthcare, especially family medicine, is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Alanzi
- Department of Health Information Management and Technology, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Raghad Alotaibi
- Department of Family Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Rahaf Alajmi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Zainab Bukhamsin
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Khadija Fadaq
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Nouf AlGhamdi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | | | | | - Ruya Abdullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Razan Alsayer
- College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | - Afrah M Al Muarfaj
- Department of Health Affairs, General Directorate of Health Affairs in Assir Region, Ministry of Health, Abha, SAU
| | - Nouf Alanzi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, SAU
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Skalidis I, Salihu A, Kachrimanidis I, Koliastasis L, Maurizi N, Dayer N, Muller O, Fournier S, Hamilos M, Skalidis E. Meta-CathLab: A Paradigm Shift in Interventional Cardiology Within the Metaverse. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1549-1552. [PMID: 37666480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Skalidis
- University of Crete and University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Adil Salihu
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Niccolo Maurizi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Dayer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Fournier
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michalis Hamilos
- University of Crete and University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Skalidis
- University of Crete and University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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10
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Samant S, Bakhos JJ, Wu W, Zhao S, Kassab GS, Khan B, Panagopoulos A, Makadia J, Oguz UM, Banga A, Fayaz M, Glass W, Chiastra C, Burzotta F, LaDisa JF, Iaizzo P, Murasato Y, Dubini G, Migliavacca F, Mickley T, Bicek A, Fontana J, West NEJ, Mortier P, Boyers PJ, Gold JP, Anderson DR, Tcheng JE, Windle JR, Samady H, Jaffer FA, Desai NR, Lansky A, Mena-Hurtado C, Abbott D, Brilakis ES, Lassen JF, Louvard Y, Stankovic G, Serruys PW, Velazquez E, Elias P, Bhatt DL, Dangas G, Chatzizisis YS. Artificial Intelligence, Computational Simulations, and Extended Reality in Cardiovascular Interventions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 16:2479-2497. [PMID: 37879802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence, computational simulations, and extended reality, among other 21st century computational technologies, are changing the health care system. To collectively highlight the most recent advances and benefits of artificial intelligence, computational simulations, and extended reality in cardiovascular therapies, we coined the abbreviation AISER. The review particularly focuses on the following applications of AISER: 1) preprocedural planning and clinical decision making; 2) virtual clinical trials, and cardiovascular device research, development, and regulatory approval; and 3) education and training of interventional health care professionals and medical technology innovators. We also discuss the obstacles and constraints associated with the application of AISER technologies, as well as the proposed solutions. Interventional health care professionals, computer scientists, biomedical engineers, experts in bioinformatics and visualization, the device industry, ethics committees, and regulatory agencies are expected to streamline the use of AISER technologies in cardiovascular interventions and medicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabhi Samant
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jules Joel Bakhos
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Shijia Zhao
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Behram Khan
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anastasios Panagopoulos
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Janaki Makadia
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Usama M Oguz
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Akshat Banga
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Muhammad Fayaz
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - William Glass
- Interprofessional Experiential Center for Enduring Learning, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Claudio Chiastra
- PoliTo(BIO)Med Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - John F LaDisa
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pediatrics - Division of Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, and the MARquette Visualization Lab, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul Iaizzo
- Visible Heart Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Murasato
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gabriele Dubini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Migliavacca
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrew Bicek
- Boston Scientific Inc, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pamela J Boyers
- Interprofessional Experiential Center for Enduring Learning, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Gold
- Interprofessional Experiential Center for Enduring Learning, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - James E Tcheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John R Windle
- Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Georgia Heart Institute, Gainesville, Georgia, USA
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nihar R Desai
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexandra Lansky
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Mena-Hurtado
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dawn Abbott
- Cardiovascular Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Emmanouil S Brilakis
- Center for Advanced Coronary Interventions, Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jens Flensted Lassen
- Department of Cardiology B, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Yves Louvard
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Massy, France
| | - Goran Stankovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eric Velazquez
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pierre Elias
- Seymour, Paul, and Gloria Milstein Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Dangas
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiannis S Chatzizisis
- Center for Digital Cardiovascular Innovations, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Cardiovascular Biology and Biomechanics Laboratory (CBBL), Cardiovascular Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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11
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Santaló-Corcoy M, Corbin D, Tastet O, Lesage F, Modine T, Asgar A, Ben Ali W. TAVI-PREP: A Deep Learning-Based Tool for Automated Measurements Extraction in TAVI Planning. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3181. [PMID: 37892002 PMCID: PMC10606167 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a less invasive alternative to open-heart surgery for treating severe aortic stenosis. Despite its benefits, the risk of procedural complications necessitates careful preoperative planning. METHODS This study proposes a fully automated deep learning-based method, TAVI-PREP, for pre-TAVI planning, focusing on measurements extracted from computed tomography (CT) scans. The algorithm was trained on the public MM-WHS dataset and a small subset of private data. It uses MeshDeformNet for 3D surface mesh generation and a 3D Residual U-Net for landmark detection. TAVI-PREP is designed to extract 22 different measurements from the aortic valvular complex. A total of 200 CT-scans were analyzed, and automatic measurements were compared to the ones made manually by an expert cardiologist. A second cardiologist analyzed 115 scans to evaluate inter-operator variability. RESULTS High Pearson correlation coefficients between the expert and the algorithm were obtained for most parameters (0.90-0.97), except for left and right coronary height (0.8 and 0.72, respectively). Similarly, the mean absolute relative error was within 5% for most measurements, except for left and right coronary height (11.6% and 16.5%, respectively). A greater consensus was observed among experts than when compared to the automatic approach, with TAVI-PREP showing no discernable bias towards either the lower or higher ends of the measurement spectrum. CONCLUSIONS TAVI-PREP provides reliable and time-efficient measurements of the aortic valvular complex that could aid clinicians in the preprocedural planning of TAVI procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Santaló-Corcoy
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Denis Corbin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Lesage
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Anita Asgar
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Walid Ben Ali
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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12
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Choi E, Leonard KW, Jassal JS, Levin AM, Ramachandra V, Jones LR. Artificial Intelligence in Facial Plastic Surgery: A Review of Current Applications, Future Applications, and Ethical Considerations. Facial Plast Surg 2023; 39:454-459. [PMID: 37353051 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
From virtual chat assistants to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence (AI) is often heralded as the technology that has and will continue to transform this generation. Among widely adopted applications in other industries, its potential use in medicine is being increasingly explored, where the vast amounts of data present in electronic health records and need for continuous improvements in patient care and workflow efficiency present many opportunities for AI implementation. Indeed, AI has already demonstrated capabilities for assisting in tasks such as documentation, image classification, and surgical outcome prediction. More specifically, this technology can be harnessed in facial plastic surgery, where the unique characteristics of the field lends itself well to specific applications. AI is not without its limitations, however, and the further adoption of AI in medicine and facial plastic surgery must necessarily be accompanied by discussion on the ethical implications and proper usage of AI in healthcare. In this article, we review current and potential uses of AI in facial plastic surgery, as well as its ethical ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Choi
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kyle W Leonard
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Japnam S Jassal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Science, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vikas Ramachandra
- Department of Public Health Science, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lamont R Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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13
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Cunha B, Ferreira R, Sousa ASP. Home-Based Rehabilitation of the Shoulder Using Auxiliary Systems and Artificial Intelligence: An Overview. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7100. [PMID: 37631637 PMCID: PMC10459225 DOI: 10.3390/s23167100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in modern medicine have bolstered the usage of home-based rehabilitation services for patients, particularly those recovering from diseases or conditions that necessitate a structured rehabilitation process. Understanding the technological factors that can influence the efficacy of home-based rehabilitation is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. As technologies continue to evolve rapidly, it is imperative to document the current state of the art and elucidate the key features of the hardware and software employed in these rehabilitation systems. This narrative review aims to provide a summary of the modern technological trends and advancements in home-based shoulder rehabilitation scenarios. It specifically focuses on wearable devices, robots, exoskeletons, machine learning, virtual and augmented reality, and serious games. Through an in-depth analysis of existing literature and research, this review presents the state of the art in home-based rehabilitation systems, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, this review proposes hypotheses and potential directions for future upgrades and enhancements in these technologies. By exploring the integration of these technologies into home-based rehabilitation, this review aims to shed light on the current landscape and offer insights into the future possibilities for improving patient outcomes and optimizing the effectiveness of home-based rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cunha
- Center for Rehabilitation Research—Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health-Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Ferreira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science—Telecommunications and Multimedia Centre, FEUP, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Andreia S. P. Sousa
- Center for Rehabilitation Research—Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health-Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
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14
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Dai N, Hu Y, Ge J. When the future cardiac catheterization laboratory meets the Metaverse. Eur Heart J 2023:ehad343. [PMID: 37339164 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neng Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 1609 Xietu Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 1609 Xietu Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 1609 Xietu Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Kuang X, Zhong Z, Liang W, Huang S, Luo R, Luo H, Li Y. Bibliometric analysis of 100 top cited articles of heart failure-associated diseases in combination with machine learning. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1158509. [PMID: 37304963 PMCID: PMC10248156 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1158509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this paper is to analyze the application of machine learning in heart failure-associated diseases using bibliometric methods and to provide a dynamic and longitudinal bibliometric analysis of heart failure-related machine learning publications. Materials and methods Web of Science was screened to gather the articles for the study. Based on bibliometric indicators, a search strategy was developed to screen the title for eligibility. Intuitive data analysis was employed to analyze the top-100 cited articles and VOSViewer was used to analyze the relevance and impact of all articles. The two analysis methods were then compared to get conclusions. Results The search identified 3,312 articles. In the end, 2,392 papers were included in the study, which were published between 1985 and 2023. All articles were analyzed using VOSViewer. Key points of the analysis included the co-authorship map of authors, countries and organizations, the citation map of journal and documents and a visualization of keyword co-occurrence analysis. Among these 100 top-cited papers, with a mean of 122.9 citations, the most-cited article had 1,189, and the least cited article had 47. Harvard University and the University of California topped the list among all institutes with 10 papers each. More than one-ninth of the authors of these 100 top-cited papers wrote three or more articles. The 100 articles came from 49 journals. The articles were divided into seven areas according to the type of machine learning approach employed: Support Vector Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks, Logistic Regression, Recurrent Neural Networks, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and Decision Tree. Support Vector Machines were the most popular method. Conclusions This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the artificial intelligence (AI)-related research conducted in the field of heart failure, which helps healthcare institutions and researchers better understand the prospects of AI in heart failure and formulate more scientific and effective research plans. In addition, our bibliometric evaluation can assist healthcare institutions and researchers in determining the advantages, sustainability, risks, and potential impacts of AI technology in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyuan Kuang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Geriatic Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Zihao Zhong
- Changsha Social Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Changsha Social Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
| | - Suzhen Huang
- The Big Data Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Renji Luo
- Changsha Social Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Luo
- National Research Center of Geriatic Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yongheng Li
- Changsha Social Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
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16
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Leha A, Huber C, Friede T, Bauer T, Beckmann A, Bekeredjian R, Bleiziffer S, Herrmann E, Möllmann H, Walther T, Beyersdorf F, Hamm C, Künzi A, Windecker S, Stortecky S, Kutschka I, Hasenfuß G, Ensminger S, Frerker C, Seidler T. Development and validation of explainable machine learning models for risk of mortality in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: TAVI risk machine scores. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 4:225-235. [PMID: 37265865 PMCID: PMC10232286 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aims Identification of high-risk patients and individualized decision support based on objective criteria for rapid discharge after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are key requirements in the context of contemporary TAVI treatment. This study aimed to predict 30-day mortality following TAVI based on machine learning (ML) using data from the German Aortic Valve Registry. Methods and results Mortality risk was determined using a random forest ML model that was condensed in the newly developed TAVI Risk Machine (TRIM) scores, designed to represent clinically meaningful risk modelling before (TRIMpre) and in particular after (TRIMpost) TAVI. Algorithm was trained and cross-validated on data of 22 283 patients (729 died within 30 days post-TAVI) and generalisation was examined on data of 5864 patients (146 died). TRIMpost demonstrated significantly better performance than traditional scores [C-statistics value, 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI)] [0.74; 0.83] compared to Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) with C-statistics value 0.69; 95%-CI [0.65; 0.74]). An abridged (aTRIMpost) score comprising 25 features (calculated using a web interface) exhibited significantly higher performance than traditional scores (C-statistics value, 0.74; 95%-CI [0.70; 0.78]). Validation on external data of 6693 patients (205 died within 30 days post-TAVI) of the Swiss TAVI Registry confirmed significantly better performance for the TRIMpost (C-statistics value 0.75, 95%-CI [0.72; 0.79]) compared to STS (C-statistics value 0.67, CI [0.63; 0.70]). Conclusion TRIM scores demonstrate good performance for risk estimation before and after TAVI. Together with clinical judgement, they may support standardised and objective decision-making before and after TAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Robert-Koch str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cynthia Huber
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Friede
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Robert-Koch str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timm Bauer
- Department of Cardiology, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Starkenburgring 66, 63069 Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Beckmann
- German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Langenbeck-Virchow-Haus, Luisenstraße 58/59, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department for cardiac and pediatric cardiac surgery, Heart Center Duisburg, EVKLN, Gerrickstr. 21, 47137 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Bleiziffer
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center Northrhine-Westphalia, Georgstr 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt Main, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt Main, Germany
| | - Helge Möllmann
- Department of Cardiology, St.-Johannes-Hospital Dortmund, Johannesstrasse 9-17, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Medical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Centre Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hamm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Gießen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Benekestraße 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Arnaud Künzi
- CTU Bern, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Stortecky
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery/Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Robert-Koch str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ensminger
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Frerker
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tim Seidler
- Corresponding author. Tel: +49 (0) 551/39-63907, Fax: +49(0)551/39-63906,
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Nicolas J, Pitaro NL, Vogel B, Mehran R. Artificial Intelligence - Advisory or Adversary? Interv Cardiol 2023; 18:e17. [PMID: 37398874 PMCID: PMC10311397 DOI: 10.15420/icr.2022.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johny Nicolas
- The Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, US
| | - Nicholas L Pitaro
- The Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, US
| | - Birgit Vogel
- The Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, US
| | - Roxana Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, US
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18
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Bruining N. Robotics in interventional cardiology: a new era of safe and efficient procedures. EUROINTERVENTION 2023; 18:e1300-e1301. [PMID: 37025089 PMCID: PMC10068858 DOI: 10.4244/eij-e-23-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Bruining
- Digital Cardiology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Innovation, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in interventional cardiology. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101698. [PMID: 36921654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Directed by two decades of technological processes and remodeling, the dynamic quality of healthcare data combined with the progress of computational power has allowed for rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI). In interventional cardiology, AI has shown potential in providing data interpretation and automated analysis from electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electronic patient data. Clinical decision support has the potential to assist in improving patient safety and making prognostic and diagnostic conjectures in interventional cardiology procedures. Robot-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI), along with functional and quantitative assessment of coronary artery ischemia and plaque burden on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), are the major applications of AI. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are used in these applications, and they have the potential to bring a paradigm shift in intervention. Recently, an efficient branch of ML has emerged as a deep learning algorithm for numerous cardiovascular (CV) applications. However, the impact DL on the future of cardiology practice is not clear. Predictive models based on DL have several limitations including low generalizability and decision processing in cardiac anatomy.
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20
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Alabdaljabar MS, Hasan B, Noseworthy PA, Maalouf JF, Ammash NM, Hashmi SK. Machine Learning in Cardiology: A Potential Real-World Solution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:285-295. [PMID: 36741292 PMCID: PMC9891080 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s383810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is a promising field of cardiovascular medicine. Many AI tools have been shown to be efficacious with a high level of accuracy. Yet, their use in real life is not well established. In the era of health technology and data science, it is crucial to consider how these tools could improve healthcare delivery. This is particularly important in countries with limited resources, such as low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). LMICs have many barriers in the care continuum of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and big portion of these barriers come from scarcity of resources, mainly financial and human power constraints. AI/ML could potentially improve healthcare delivery if appropriately applied in these countries. Expectedly, the current literature lacks original articles about AI/ML originating from these countries. It is important to start early with a stepwise approach to understand the obstacles these countries face in order to develop AI/ML-based solutions. This could be detrimental to many patients' lives, in addition to other expected advantages in other sectors, including the economy sector. In this report, we aim to review what is known about AI/ML in cardiovascular medicine, and to discuss how it could benefit LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S Alabdaljabar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babar Hasan
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Joseph F Maalouf
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naser M Ammash
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Correspondence: Shahrukh K Hashmi, Department of Medicine, SSMC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Email
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Kharlamov A, Lamberts M. Digital medicine: the next big leap advancing cardiovascular science. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36650433 PMCID: PMC9847174 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid clinical and academic leadership remains necessary to ensure that healthcare based on digital technologies is relevant, meaningful, and stands on the best possible evidence. This compendium accompanying the "Digital Technologies in Cardiovascular Disorders" article collection in BMC Cardiovascular Disorders summarizes recent knowledge about robust and advanced digital tools for preventing, monitoring, diagnosing, and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kharlamov
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Lab, De Haar Research Foundation (DHRF), Tallinn, Estonia ,Innovation Lab, De Haar Research Task Force, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,DHRF, Keurenplein 41, G9950, 1069 CD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morten Lamberts
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.411646.00000 0004 0646 7402Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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22
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Mousa KM, Mousa FA, Mohamed HS, Elsawy MM. Prediction of Foot Ulcers Using Artificial Intelligence for Diabetic Patients at Cairo University Hospital, Egypt. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231185873. [PMID: 37435577 PMCID: PMC10331222 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231185873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Egypt, diabetic foot ulcers markedly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Accurately predicting the risk of diabetic foot ulcers could dramatically reduce the enormous burden of amputation. Objective The aim of this study is to design an artificial intelligence-based artificial neural network and decision tree algorithms for the prediction of diabetic foot ulcers. Methods A case-control study design was utilized to fulfill the aim of this study. The study was conducted at the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrine Glands, Cairo University Hospital, Egypt. A purposive sample of 200 patients was included. The tool developed and used by the researchers was a structured interview questionnaire including three parts: Part I: demographic characteristics; Part II: medical data; and Part III: in vivo measurements. Artificial intelligence methods were used to achieve the aim of this study. Results The researchers used 19 significant attributes based on medical history and foot images that affect diabetic foot ulcers and then proposed two classifiers to predict the foot ulcer: a feedforward neural network and a decision tree. Finally, the researchers compared the results between the two classifiers, and the experimental results showed that the proposed artificial neural network outperformed a decision tree, achieving an accuracy of 97% in the automated prediction of diabetic foot ulcers. Conclusion Artificial intelligence methods can be used to predict diabetic foot ulcers with high accuracy. The proposed technique utilizes two methods to predict the foot ulcer; after evaluating the two methods, the artificial neural network showed a higher improvement in performance than the decision tree algorithm. It is recommended that diabetic outpatient clinics develop health education and follow-up programs to prevent complications from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadraa Mohamed Mousa
- Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid Ali Mousa
- Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Helalia Shalabi Mohamed
- Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, PAAET, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Manal Mohamed Elsawy
- Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Picard F, Pighi M, Marquis-Gravel G, Labinaz M, Cohen EA, Tanguay JF. The Ongoing Saga of the Evolution of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: From Balloon Angioplasty to Recent Innovations to Future Prospects. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:S30-S41. [PMID: 35777682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been, above all, dependent on the work of pioneers in surgery, radiology, and interventional cardiology. From Grüntzig's first balloon angioplasty, PCI has expanded through technology development, improved protocols, and dissemination of best-practice techniques. We can nowadays treat more complex lesions in higher-risk patients with favourable results. Guide wires, balloon types and profiles, debulking techniques such as atherectomy or lithotripsy, stents, and scaffolds all represent evolutions that have allowed us to tackle complex lesions such as an unprotected left main coronary artery, complex bifurcations, or chronic total occlusions. Best-practice PCI, including physiology assessment, imaging, and optimal lesion preparation are now the gold standard when performing PCI for sound indications, and new technologies such as intravascular lithotripsy for lesion preparation, or artificial intelligence, are innovations in the steps of 4 decades of pioneers to improve patient care in interventional cardiology. In the present review, major innovations in PCI since the first balloon angioplasty and also uncertainties and obstacles inherent to such medical advances are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Picard
- Cardiology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
| | - Michele Pighi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guillaume Marquis-Gravel
- Interventional Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marino Labinaz
- Ottawa University Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A Cohen
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-François Tanguay
- Interventional Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Adão R, Bijnens B. At the heart of artificial intelligence - the future might well be based on synthetic cells. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:e82-e84. [PMID: 35929652 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Adão
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bart Bijnens
- ICREA, Barcelona Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
In this digital era, artificial intelligence (AI) is establishing a strong foothold in commercial industry and the field of technology. These effects are trickling into the healthcare industry, especially in the clinical arena of cardiology. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are making substantial progress in various subspecialties of cardiology. This will have a positive impact on patient care and move the field towards precision medicine. In this review article, we explore the progress of ML in cardiovascular imaging, electrophysiology, heart failure, and interventional cardiology.
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26
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Baliga RR, Itchhaporia D, Bossone E. Digital Transformation in Medicine to Enhance Quality of Life, Longevity, and Health Equity. Heart Fail Clin 2022; 18:xi-xiii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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27
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Martinez DSL, Noseworthy PA, Akbilgic O, Herrmann J, Ruddy KJ, Hamid A, Maddula R, Singh A, Davis R, Gunturkun F, Jefferies JL, Brown SA. Artificial intelligence opportunities in cardio-oncology: Overview with spotlight on electrocardiography. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 15:100129. [PMID: 35721662 PMCID: PMC9202996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death among cancer survivors, second only to cancer recurrence or development of new tumors. Cardio-oncology has therefore emerged as a relatively new specialty focused on prevention and management of cardiovascular consequences of cancer therapies. Yet challenges remain regarding precision and accuracy with predicting individuals at highest risk for cardiotoxicity. Barriers such as access to care also limit screening and early diagnosis to improve prognosis. Thus, developing innovative approaches for prediction and early detection of cardiovascular illness in this population is critical. In this review, we provide an overview of the present state of machine learning applications in cardio-oncology. We begin by outlining some factors that should be considered while utilizing machine learning algorithms. We then examine research in which machine learning has been applied to improve prediction of cardiac dysfunction in cancer survivors. We also highlight the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in conjunction with electrocardiogram (ECG) to predict cardiac malfunction and also atrial fibrillation (AF), and we discuss the potential role of wearables. Additionally, the article summarizes future prospects and critical takeaways for the application of machine learning in cardio-oncology. This study is the first in a series on artificial intelligence in cardio-oncology, and complements our manuscript on echocardiography and other forms of imaging relevant to cancer survivors cared for in cardiology clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sierra-Lara Martinez
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology/Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Oguz Akbilgic
- Department of Health Informatics and Data Science, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest, NC, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ashima Singh
- Institute of Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Davis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Fatma Gunturkun
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - John L. Jefferies
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, USA
| | - Sherry-Ann Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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28
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Pičulin M, Smole T, Žunkovič B, Kokalj E, Robnik-Šikonja M, Kukar M, Fotiadis DI, Pezoulas VC, Tachos NS, Barlocco F, Mazzarotto F, Popović D, Maier LS, Velicki L, Olivotto I, MacGowan GA, Jakovljević DG, Filipović N, Bosnić Z. Disease Progression of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Modeling Using Machine Learning. JMIR Med Inform 2022; 10:e30483. [PMID: 35107432 PMCID: PMC8851344 DOI: 10.2196/30483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disorders in general are responsible for 30% of deaths worldwide. Among them, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease that is present in about 1 of 500 young adults and can cause sudden cardiac death (SCD). OBJECTIVE Although the current state-of-the-art methods model the risk of SCD for patients, to the best of our knowledge, no methods are available for modeling the patient's clinical status up to 10 years ahead. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning (ML)-based tool for predicting disease progression for patients diagnosed with HCM in terms of adverse remodeling of the heart during a 10-year period. METHODS The method consisted of 6 predictive regression models that independently predict future values of 6 clinical characteristics: left atrial size, left atrial volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional classification, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter, and left ventricular internal systolic diameter. We supplemented each prediction with the explanation that is generated using the Shapley additive explanation method. RESULTS The final experiments showed that predictive error is lower on 5 of the 6 constructed models in comparison to experts (on average, by 0.34) or a consortium of experts (on average, by 0.22). The experiments revealed that semisupervised learning and the artificial data from virtual patients help improve predictive accuracies. The best-performing random forest model improved R2 from 0.3 to 0.6. CONCLUSIONS By engaging medical experts to provide interpretation and validation of the results, we determined the models' favorable performance compared to the performance of experts for 5 of 6 targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Pičulin
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Smole
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Žunkovič
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Enja Kokalj
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Robnik-Šikonja
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Kukar
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitrios I Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios C Pezoulas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Tachos
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fausto Barlocco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dejana Popović
- Clinic for Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Cardiology, Pneumology, Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lazar Velicki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guy A MacGowan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Djordje G Jakovljević
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bosnić
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Ben Ali W, Pesaranghader A, Avram R, Overtchouk P, Perrin N, Laffite S, Cartier R, Ibrahim R, Modine T, Hussin JG. Implementing Machine Learning in Interventional Cardiology: The Benefits Are Worth the Trouble. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:711401. [PMID: 34957230 PMCID: PMC8692711 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.711401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by recent innovations and technological progress, the increasing quality and amount of biomedical data coupled with the advances in computing power allowed for much progress in artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for health and biomedical research. In interventional cardiology, the hope is for AI to provide automated analysis and deeper interpretation of data from electrocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electronic health records, among others. Furthermore, high-performance predictive models supporting decision-making hold the potential to improve safety, diagnostic and prognostic prediction in patients undergoing interventional cardiology procedures. These applications include robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention procedures and automatic assessment of coronary stenosis during diagnostic coronary angiograms. Machine learning (ML) has been used in these innovations that have improved the field of interventional cardiology, and more recently, deep Learning (DL) has emerged as one of the most successful branches of ML in many applications. It remains to be seen if DL approaches will have a major impact on current and future practice. DL-based predictive systems also have several limitations, including lack of interpretability and lack of generalizability due to cohort heterogeneity and low sample sizes. There are also challenges for the clinical implementation of these systems, such as ethical limits and data privacy. This review is intended to bring the attention of health practitioners and interventional cardiologists to the broad and helpful applications of ML and DL algorithms to date in the field. Their implementation challenges in daily practice and future applications in the field of interventional cardiology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ben Ali
- Service Médico-Chirurgical, Valvulopathies-Chirurgie Cardiaque-Cardiologie Interventionelle Structurelle, Hôpital Cardiologique de Haut Lévèque, Bordeaux, France.,Structural Heart Program and Interventional Cardiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Pesaranghader
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Computer Science and Operations Research Department, Mila (Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Avram
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pavel Overtchouk
- Interventional Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille (CHRU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Nils Perrin
- Structural Heart Program and Interventional Cardiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Laffite
- Service Médico-Chirurgical, Valvulopathies-Chirurgie Cardiaque-Cardiologie Interventionelle Structurelle, Hôpital Cardiologique de Haut Lévèque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raymond Cartier
- Structural Heart Program and Interventional Cardiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Reda Ibrahim
- Structural Heart Program and Interventional Cardiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Modine
- Service Médico-Chirurgical, Valvulopathies-Chirurgie Cardiaque-Cardiologie Interventionelle Structurelle, Hôpital Cardiologique de Haut Lévèque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie G Hussin
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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30
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Alkhouli M. Delayed Atrioventricular Block After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The New Achilles' Heel? JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 14:2733-2737. [PMID: 34949398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alkhouli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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31
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Mazaheri S, Loya MF, Newsome J, Lungren M, Gichoya JW. Challenges of Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Radiology. Semin Intervent Radiol 2021; 38:554-559. [PMID: 34853501 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) remains a hot topic in medicine. DL is a subcategory of machine learning that takes advantage of multiple layers of interconnected neurons capable of analyzing immense amounts of data and "learning" patterns and offering predictions. It appears to be poised to fundamentally transform and help advance the field of diagnostic radiology, as heralded by numerous published use cases and number of FDA-cleared products. On the other hand, while multiple publications have touched upon many great hypothetical use cases of AI in interventional radiology (IR), the actual implementation of AI in IR clinical practice has been slow compared with the diagnostic world. In this article, we set out to examine a few challenges contributing to this scarcity of AI applications in IR, including inherent specialty challenges, regulatory hurdles, intellectual property, raising capital, and ethics. Owing to the complexities involved in implementing AI in IR, it is likely that IR will be one of the late beneficiaries of AI. In the meantime, it would be worthwhile to continuously engage in defining clinically relevant use cases and focus our limited resources on those that would benefit our patients the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mazaheri
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed F Loya
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janice Newsome
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mathew Lungren
- LPCH Pediatric Interventional Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Judy Wawira Gichoya
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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32
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Manlhiot C, van den Eynde J, Kutty S, Ross HJ. A Primer on the Present State and Future Prospects for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cardiology. Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:169-184. [PMID: 34838700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The artificial intelligence (AI) revolution is well underway, including in the medical field, and has dramatically transformed our lives. An understanding of the basics of AI applications, their development, and challenges to their clinical implementation is important for clinicians to fully appreciate the possibilities of AI. Such a foundation would ensure that clinicians have a good grasp and realistic expectations for AI in medicine and prevent discrepancies between the promised and real-world impact. When quantifying the track record for AI applications in cardiology, we found that a substantial number of AI systems are never deployed in clinical practice, although there certainly are many success stories. Successful implementations shared the following: they came from clinical areas where large amount of training data was available; were deployable into a single diagnostic modality; prediction models generally had high performance on external validation; and most were developed as part of collaborations with medical device manufacturers who had substantial experience with implementation of new technology. When looking into the current processes used for developing AI-based systems, we suggest that expanding the analytic framework to address potential deployment and implementation issues at project outset will improve the rate of successful implementation, and will be a necessary next step for AI to achieve its full potential in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Manlhiot
- Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Jef van den Eynde
- Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather J Ross
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Seetharam K, Shrestha S, Sengupta PP. Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention Through the Lens of Artificial Intelligence. Interv Cardiol 2021; 16:e31. [PMID: 34754333 PMCID: PMC8559149 DOI: 10.15420/icr.2020.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines so they can perform various actions and execute decision-making. Machine learning (ML), a branch of AI, can analyse information from data and discover novel patterns. AI and ML are rapidly gaining prominence in healthcare as data become increasingly complex. These algorithms can enhance the role of cardiovascular imaging by automating many tasks or calculations, find new patterns or phenotypes in data and provide alternative diagnoses. In interventional cardiology, AI can assist in intraprocedural guidance, intravascular imaging and provide additional information to the operator. AI is slowly expanding its boundaries into interventional cardiology and can fundamentally alter the field. In this review, the authors discuss how AI can enhance the role of cardiovascular imaging and imaging in interventional cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Seetharam
- West Virginia University Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute Morgantown, WV, US
| | - Sirish Shrestha
- West Virginia University Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute Morgantown, WV, US
| | - Partho P Sengupta
- West Virginia University Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute Morgantown, WV, US
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35
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Beyar R, Davies J, Cook C, Dudek D, Cummins P, Bruining N. Robotics, imaging, and artificial intelligence in the catheterisation laboratory. EUROINTERVENTION 2021; 17:537-549. [PMID: 34554096 PMCID: PMC9724959 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-21-00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The catheterisation laboratory today combines diagnosis and therapeutics, through various imaging modalities and a prolific list of interventional tools, led by balloons and stents. In this review, we focus primarily on advances in image-based coronary interventions. The X-ray images that are the primary modality for diagnosis and interventions are combined with novel tools for visualisation and display, including multi-imaging co-registration modalities with three- and four-dimensional presentations. Interpretation of the physiologic significance of coronary stenosis based on prior angiographic images is being explored and implemented. Major efforts to reduce X-ray exposure to the staff and the patients, using computer-based algorithms for image processing, and novel methods to limit the radiation spread are being explored. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for better patient care requires attention to universal methods for sharing and combining large data sets and for allowing interpretation and analysis of large cohorts of patients. Barriers to data sharing using integrated and universal protocols should be overcome to allow these methods to become widely applicable. Robotic catheterisation takes the physician away from the ionising radiation spot, enables coronary angioplasty and stenting without compromising safety, and may allow increased precision. Remote coronary procedures over the internet, that have been explored in virtual and animal studies and already applied to patients in a small pilot study, open possibilities for sharing experience across the world without travelling. Application of those technologies to neurovascular, and particularly stroke interventions, may be very timely in view of the need for expert neuro-interventionalists located mostly in central areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Beyar
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, B 9602, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Justin Davies
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dariusz Dudek
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola (RA), Italy
| | - Paul Cummins
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Bruining
- Clinical Epidemiology and Innovation, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Yang YC, Islam SU, Noor A, Khan S, Afsar W, Nazir S. Influential Usage of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5812499. [PMID: 34527076 PMCID: PMC8437645 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5812499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is making computer systems capable of executing human brain tasks in many fields in all aspects of daily life. The enhancement in information and communications technology (ICT) has indisputably improved the quality of people's lives around the globe. Especially, ICT has led to a very needy and tremendous improvement in the health sector which is commonly known as electronic health (eHealth) and medical health (mHealth). Deep machine learning and AI approaches are commonly presented in many applications using big data, which consists of all relevant data about the medical health and diseases which a model can access at the time of execution or diagnosis of diseases. For example, cardiovascular imaging has now accurate imaging combined with big data from the eHealth record and pathology to better characterize the disease and personalized therapy. In clinical work and imaging, cancer care is getting improved by knowing the tumor biology and helping in the implementation of precision medicine. The Markov model is used to extract new approaches for leveraging cancer. In this paper, we have reviewed existing research relevant to eHealth and mHealth where various models are discussed which uses big data for the diagnosis and healthcare system. This paper summarizes the recent promising applications of AI and big data in medical health and electronic health, which have potentially added value to diagnosis and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng Yang
- Foreign Language Department, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Foreign Language Department/Language and Cognition Center, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Saad Ul Islam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Asra Noor
- Department of Computer Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Khan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Afsar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Nazir
- Department of Computer Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
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Sajja A, Li HF, Spinelli KJ, Ali A, Virani SS, Martin SS, Gluckman TJ. A simplified approach to identification of risk status in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 7:100187. [PMID: 34611633 PMCID: PMC8387292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) Blood Cholesterol Guideline recommendation to classify patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) as very high-risk (VHR) vs not-VHR (NVHR) has important implications for escalation of medical therapy. We aimed to define the prevalence and clinical characteristics of these two groups within a large multi-state healthcare system and develop a simpler means to assist clinicians in identifying VHR patients using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients in a 28-hospital US healthcare system in 2018. ICD-10 codes were used to define the ASCVD population. Per the AHA/ACC Guideline, VHR status was defined by ≥2 major ASCVD events or 1 major ASCVD event and ≥2 high-risk conditions. CART analysis was performed on training and validation datasets. A random forest model was used to verify results. RESULTS Of 180,669 ASCVD patients identified, 58% were VHR. Among patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 99% and 96% were classified as VHR, respectively. Both CART and random forest models identified recent ACS, ischemic stroke, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, history of MI, and age as the most important predictors of VHR status. Using five rules identified by CART analysis, fewer than 50% of risk factors were required to assign VHR status. CONCLUSION CART analysis helped to streamline the identification of VHR patients based on a limited number of rules and risk factors. This approach may help improve clinical decision making by simplifying ASCVD risk assessment at the point of care. Further validation is needed, however, in more diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Sajja
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Hsin-Fang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Analytics, Research and Data Science (CARDS), Providence Heart Institute, Providence Research Network, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kateri J. Spinelli
- Center for Cardiovascular Analytics, Research and Data Science (CARDS), Providence Heart Institute, Providence Research Network, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amir Ali
- Evaluation and Research, Providence Research Network, Renton, WA, United States
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Seth S. Martin
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Ty J. Gluckman
- Center for Cardiovascular Analytics, Research and Data Science (CARDS), Providence Heart Institute, Providence Research Network, Portland, OR, United States
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Arfat Y, Mittone G, Esposito R, Cantalupo B, DE Ferrari GM, Aldinucci M. A review of machine learning for cardiology. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2021; 70:75-91. [PMID: 34338485 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews recent cardiology literature and reports how Artificial Intelligence Tools (specifically, Machine Learning techniques) are being used by physicians in the field. Each technique is introduced with enough details to allow the understanding of how it works and its intent, but without delving into details that do not add immediate benefits and require expertise in the field. We specifically focus on the principal Machine Learning based risk scores used in cardiovascular research. After introducing them and summarizing their assumptions and biases, we discuss their merits and shortcomings. We report on how frequently they are adopted in the field and suggest why this is the case based on our expertise in Machine Learning. We complete the analysis by reviewing how corresponding statistical approaches compare with them. Finally, we discuss the main open issues in applying Machine Learning tools to cardiology tasks, also drafting possible future directions. Despite the growing interest in these tools, we argue that there are many still underutilized techniques: while Neural Networks are slowly being incorporated in cardiovascular research, other important techniques such as Semi-Supervised Learning and Federated Learning are still underutilized. The former would allow practitioners to harness the information contained in large datasets that are only partially labeled, while the latter would foster collaboration between institutions allowing building larger and better models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Arfat
- Computer Science Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
| | | | | | | | - Gaetano M DE Ferrari
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.,Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Aldinucci
- Computer Science Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Watanabe E, Noyama S, Kiyono K, Inoue H, Atarashi H, Okumura K, Yamashita T, Lip GYH, Kodani E, Origasa H. Comparison among random forest, logistic regression, and existing clinical risk scores for predicting outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the J-RHYTHM registry. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:1305-1315. [PMID: 34318510 PMCID: PMC8427975 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool for risk stratification. However, few studies have applied ML to risk assessment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Hypothesis We aimed to compare the performance of random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and conventional risk schemes in predicting the outcomes of AF. Methods We analyzed data from 7406 nonvalvular AF patients (median age 71 years, female 29.2%) enrolled in a nationwide AF registry (J‐RHYTHM Registry) and who were followed for 2 years. The endpoints were thromboembolisms, major bleeding, and all‐cause mortality. Models were generated from potential predictors using an RF model, stepwise LR model, and the thromboembolism (CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASc) and major bleeding (HAS‐BLED, ORBIT, and ATRIA) scores. Results For thromboembolisms, the C‐statistic of the RF model was significantly higher than that of the LR model (0.66 vs. 0.59, p = .03) or CHA2DS2‐VASc score (0.61, p < .01). For major bleeding, the C‐statistic of RF was comparable to the LR (0.69 vs. 0.66, p = .07) and outperformed the HAS‐BLED (0.61, p < .01) and ATRIA (0.62, p < .01) but not the ORBIT (0.67, p = .07). The C‐statistic of RF for all‐cause mortality was comparable to the LR (0.78 vs. 0.79, p = .21). The calibration plot for the RF model was more aligned with the observed events for major bleeding and all‐cause mortality. Conclusions The RF model performed as well as or better than the LR model or existing clinical risk scores for predicting clinical outcomes of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noyama
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Ken Okumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eitaro Kodani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tama-Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Division of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Iqbal MJ, Javed Z, Sadia H, Qureshi IA, Irshad A, Ahmed R, Malik K, Raza S, Abbas A, Pezzani R, Sharifi-Rad J. Clinical applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cancer diagnosis: looking into the future. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:270. [PMID: 34020642 PMCID: PMC8139146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the use of mathematical algorithms to mimic human cognitive abilities and to address difficult healthcare challenges including complex biological abnormalities like cancer. The exponential growth of AI in the last decade is evidenced to be the potential platform for optimal decision-making by super-intelligence, where the human mind is limited to process huge data in a narrow time range. Cancer is a complex and multifaced disorder with thousands of genetic and epigenetic variations. AI-based algorithms hold great promise to pave the way to identify these genetic mutations and aberrant protein interactions at a very early stage. Modern biomedical research is also focused to bring AI technology to the clinics safely and ethically. AI-based assistance to pathologists and physicians could be the great leap forward towards prediction for disease risk, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. Clinical applications of AI and Machine Learning (ML) in cancer diagnosis and treatment are the future of medical guidance towards faster mapping of a new treatment for every individual. By using AI base system approach, researchers can collaborate in real-time and share knowledge digitally to potentially heal millions. In this review, we focused to present game-changing technology of the future in clinics, by connecting biology with Artificial Intelligence and explain how AI-based assistance help oncologist for precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Javed Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- Office for Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Sector-C, DHA Phase-VI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Asma Irshad
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management Sciences and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rais Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Raza
- Office for Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Sector-C, DHA Phase-VI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Dept. Medicine (DIMED), OU Endocrinology, University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Oncologica Di Base, Padova, Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Ribeiro JM, Astudillo P, de Backer O, Budde R, Nuis RJ, Goudzwaard J, Van Mieghem NM, Lumens J, Mortier P, Mattace-Raso F, Boersma E, Cummins P, Bruining N, de Jaegere PP. Artificial Intelligence and Transcatheter Interventions for Structural Heart Disease: A glance at the (near) future. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:153-159. [PMID: 33581255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With innovations in therapeutic technologies and changes in population demographics, transcatheter interventions for structural heart disease have become the preferred treatment and will keep growing. Yet, a thorough clinical selection and efficient pathway from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up are mandatory. In this review we reflect on how artificial intelligence may help to improve patient selection, pre-procedural planning, procedure execution and follow-up so to establish efficient and high quality health care in an increasing number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Maria Ribeiro
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ole de Backer
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricardo Budde
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger Jan Nuis
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette Goudzwaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas M Van Mieghem
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Lumens
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Cummins
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Bruining
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Pt de Jaegere
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Quer G, Arnaout R, Henne M, Arnaout R. Machine Learning and the Future of Cardiovascular Care: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:300-313. [PMID: 33478654 PMCID: PMC7839163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of physicians has always been to synthesize the data available to them to identify diagnostic patterns that guide treatment and follow response. Today, increasingly sophisticated machine learning algorithms may grow to support clinical experts in some of these tasks. Machine learning has the potential to benefit patients and cardiologists, but only if clinicians take an active role in bringing these new algorithms into practice. The aim of this review is to introduce clinicians who are not data science experts to key concepts in machine learning that will allow them to better understand the field and evaluate new literature and developments. The current published data in machine learning for cardiovascular disease is then summarized, using both a bibliometric survey, with code publicly available to enable similar analysis for any research topic of interest, and select case studies. Finally, several ways that clinicians can and must be involved in this emerging field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Quer
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. https://twitter.com/giorgioquer
| | - Ramy Arnaout
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Henne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, Center for Intelligent Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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La integración de la inteligencia artificial en el abordaje clínico del paciente: enfoque en la imagen cardiaca. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Big data and new information technology: what cardiologists need to know. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 74:81-89. [PMID: 33008773 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Technological progress in medicine is constantly garnering pace, requiring that physicians constantly update their knowledge. The new wave of technologies breaking through into clinical practice includes the following: a) mHealth, which allows constant monitoring of biological parameters, anytime, anyplace, of hundreds of patients at the same time; b) artificial intelligence, which, powered by new deep learning techniques, are starting to beat human experts at their own game: diagnosis by imaging or electrocardiography; c) 3-dimensional printing, which may lead to patient-specific prostheses; d) systems medicine, which has arisen from big data, and which will open the way to personalized medicine by bringing together genetic, epigenetic, environmental, clinical and social data into complex integral mathematical models to design highly personalized therapies. This state-of-the-art review aims to summarize in a single document the most recent and most important technological trends that are being applied to cardiology, and to provide an overall view that will allow readers to discern at a glance the direction of cardiology in the next few years.
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Baladrón C, Gómez de Diego JJ, Amat-Santos IJ. Big data y nuevas tecnologías de la información: qué necesita saber el cardiólogo. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Itchhaporia D. Artificial intelligence in cardiology. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 32:34-41. [PMID: 33242635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the current state and application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in cardiovascular medicine. AI is changing the clinical practice of medicine in other specialties. With progress continuing in this emerging technology, the impact for cardiovascular medicine is highlighted to provide insight for the practicing clinician and to identify potential patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Itchhaporia
- Hoag Hospital Newport Beach and University of California, 520 Superior Avenue, Suite 325, Newport Beach, Irvine, CA 92663, United States.
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47
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Kheradvar A, Jafarkhani H, Guy TS, Finn JP. Prospect of artificial intelligence for the assessment of cardiac function and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol 2020; 17:183-187. [PMID: 32933328 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Kheradvar
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hamid Jafarkhani
- Center for Pervasive Communications & Computing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thomas Sloane Guy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Loncaric F, Camara O, Piella G, Bijnens B. Integration of artificial intelligence into clinical patient management: focus on cardiac imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 74:72-80. [PMID: 32819849 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac imaging is a crucial component in the management of patients with heart disease, and as such it influences multiple, inter-related parts of the clinical workflow: physician-patient contact, image acquisition, image pre- and postprocessing, study reporting, diagnostics and outcome predictions, medical interventions, and, finally, knowledge-building through clinical research. With the gradual and ubiquitous infiltration of artificial intelligence into cardiology, it has become clear that, when used appropriately, it will influence and potentially improve-through automation, standardization and data integration-all components of the clinical workflow. This review aims to present a comprehensive view of full integration of artificial intelligence into the standard clinical patient management-with a focus on cardiac imaging, but applicable to all information handling-and to discuss current barriers that remain to be overcome before its widespread implementation and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Loncaric
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar Camara
- BCN MedTech, Departament de Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacions, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Piella
- BCN MedTech, Departament de Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacions, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bart Bijnens
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Artificial Intelligence Applications to Improve Risk Prediction Tools in Electrophysiology. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-020-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Leopold JA, Maron BA, Loscalzo J. The application of big data to cardiovascular disease: paths to precision medicine. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:29-38. [PMID: 31895052 DOI: 10.1172/jci129203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced phenotyping of cardiovascular diseases has evolved with the application of high-resolution omics screening to populations enrolled in large-scale observational and clinical trials. This strategy has revealed that considerable heterogeneity exists at the genotype, endophenotype, and clinical phenotype levels in cardiovascular diseases, a feature of the most common diseases that has not been elucidated by conventional reductionism. In this discussion, we address genomic context and (endo)phenotypic heterogeneity, and examine commonly encountered cardiovascular diseases to illustrate the genotypic underpinnings of (endo)phenotypic diversity. We highlight the existing challenges in cardiovascular disease genotyping and phenotyping that can be addressed by the integration of big data and interpreted using novel analytical methodologies (network analysis). Precision cardiovascular medicine will only be broadly applied to cardiovascular patients once this comprehensive data set is subjected to unique, integrative analytical strategies that accommodate molecular and clinical heterogeneity rather than ignore or reduce it.
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