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Li C, Wang Y, Wang C, Wu Q, Lv X, Xie S, Kong L, Feng J, Li Z, Wang AJ, Kang J, Yang F. Covalently Modified Electrode with Bismuth Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Ultrathin Porous Organic Polymer Linked by Amine Bonding for Efficient CO 2 Electroreduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:26594-26603. [PMID: 40265624 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Bismuth-based materials in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) usually face the problem of high overpotential. We first show a covalently modified electrode with Bi nanoparticles encapsulated in ultrathin porous organic polymer nanosheets (POPs) with amine linkages to effectively reduce the overpotential for the CO2-to-formate conversion, which exhibits a high formate Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO-) of 98.5% and a partial current density up to 148.7 mA cm-2 at -0.85 V in comparison with that of a bare bismuth electrode with a FEHCOO- of 85% at -1.15 V (versus a reversible hydrogen electrode). Different from the reaction mechanism with *CO2•- radicals as the intermediate over bare Bi sites, in situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory calculations reveal that the abundant amine linkages in the POPs backbone provide chemisorption sites to interact with enriched CO2 molecules to form carbamates (*[-NCOO-]) intermediates with a low reaction barrier of 0.064 eV, which significantly reduces the free energy for the conversion process of CO2 to formate. Moreover, the modified amine linkages promote water dissociation and the subsequent protonation reaction on the Bi surface with a reduced dissociation energy of -0.31 eV than that on the bare Bi surface of 0.11 eV. This work not only delivers a new mechanism for the CO2-to-formate conversion but also offers a clean platform to investigate the influence of covalently modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Qianmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Xuyu Lv
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Shuxian Xie
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - JiuJu Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Zhengquan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jinwei Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
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Liu JR, Fu YM, Ju WT, Lian M, Liu T, Meng X, Wang HN, Su ZM. Ionic porous organic polymer as a bifunctional platform for CO 2 photoreduction and proton conduction. Dalton Trans 2025; 54:6790-6794. [PMID: 40260604 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt03493g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2025]
Abstract
To unveil the potential of ionic porous organic polymers, the ion-exchanged sample POP-BPy-PMV was synthesized, exhibiting a CO generation rate of 22.75 μmol g-1 h-1. Additionally, the original POP-BPy displayed a high proton conductivity of 1.18 × 10-2 S cm-1 under 100% humidity at 90 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Rui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Yao-Mei Fu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Green and High-value Marine Fine Chemical; Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Wen-Tao Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Meng Lian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Teng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Xing Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Green and High-value Marine Fine Chemical; Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
- Jilin University, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Changchun 130021, China
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Fakhraie S, Rajabi HR, Ghasemy E, Rashidi A, Orooji Y, Hadizadeh MH, Maklavany D. Exceptional CO 2 and H 2S adsorption by tuning micro/mesopore ratios with embedded graphene oxide/N-doped carbon quantum dots in MIL-101(Cr): Experimental and computational insights. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 683:769-783. [PMID: 39752927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
Herein, a novel nanocomposite was developed to adjust the textural properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for adsorptive applications. To this end, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (RC) was embedded into MIL-101(Cr) crystals, named RC-ML-x nanocomposites. The prepared nanoadsorbents were thoroughly characterized by different techniques. Results revealed that the main drawback of microporous MOFs, lack of mesopores, could be solved by embedding RC nanoparticles into MOFs, decreasing the micropore/mesopore volume ratio from 7.71 to 1.15. Optimizing the mesopore volume in RC-ML-1 dramatically improved the surface area and total pore volume by 40 % compared to pristine MIL-101(Cr). Adsorption experiments indicated that the sample containing 1 wt% had outstanding CO2 and H2S adsorption capacity of 25.79 and 34.15 mmol g-1 at 35 and 15 bar in 25 °C, respectively, elevated up to 15.80 % and 19.26 % compared to pristine MIL-101(Cr). This may be attributable to the cumulative effect of suitable micropore/mesopore volume ratio and the creation of the unsaturated metal sites and nitrogen functional groups by RC loading. In addition, the adsorption selectivity in different gas mixtures of CO2/CH4, H2S/CH4, CO2/N2, and H2S/N2 was analyzed by IAST. It was found that the samples containing 10 and 5 wt% had the highest selectivity toward CO2 and H2S, respectively, over N2 and CH4. Considering the simple approach adopted to tune the structure of microporous MOFs to achieve impressive gas adsorption and great cyclic capacity, the proposed RC-ML-x nanocomposites can be potential candidates for the adsorption and separation of CO2 and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Fakhraie
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Ghasemy
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Alimorad Rashidi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Blvd. Azadi Sports Complex, P.O. Box 14665, 1998 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | | | - Davood Maklavany
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Blvd. Azadi Sports Complex, P.O. Box 14665, 1998 Tehran, Iran
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Chalmpes N, Ochonma P, Tantis I, Alsmaeil AW, Assafa TE, Tathacharya M, Srivastava M, Gadikota G, Bourlinos AB, Steriotis T, Giannelis EP. Ultrahigh Surface Area Nanoporous Carbons Synthesized via Hypergolic and Activation Reactions for Enhanced CO 2 Capacity and Volumetric Energy Density. ACS NANO 2024; 18:33491-33504. [PMID: 39576877 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
We report a family of carbon sorbents synthesized by integrating hypergolics with activation reactions on a templated substrate. The materials design leads to nanoporous carbons with a BET area of 4800 m2 g-1 with an impressive total pore volume of 2.7 cm3 g-1. To the best of our knowledge, this BET area value is the highest reported in the literature. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements determined the number of radicals in an effort to provide a mechanistic understanding of the formation of ultrahigh surface area carbons. In combination with XPS, we propose a mechanism based on the synergistic effect between rim-based pentagonal rings and carbon radicals, which we believe can be exploited to produce other highly porous carbons. The CO2 capture capacity of the hyperporous carbon tested under dynamic CO2 capture conditions was ∼1.25 mmol g-1 versus 0.66 mmol g-1 of a conventionally activated carbon under similar conditions. The CO2 capture kinetics were extremely fast and reached 99% of the total capacity within 120 s. Lastly, supercapacitor electrodes deliver a high volumetric energy density of ∼60 W h L-1 and a volumetric power density of 1 kW L-1, which is the highest reported value for activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Prince Ochonma
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Iosif Tantis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Ahmed Wasel Alsmaeil
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Tufa Enver Assafa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Manav Tathacharya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Madhur Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Greeshma Gadikota
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Theodore Steriotis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens 15341, Greece
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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5
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Zhang Z, Hu H, Yang J, He Z, Zhu G, Wen C. The Application of Porous Carbon Derived from Furfural Residue as the Electrode Material in Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:3421. [PMID: 39684165 DOI: 10.3390/polym16233421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Resource use is crucial for the sustainable growth of energy and green low-carbon applications since the improper handling of biomass waste would have a detrimental effect on the environment. This paper used nano-ZnO and ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8, APS) as a template agent and heteroatom dopant, respectively. Using a one-step carbonization process in an inert atmosphere, the biomass waste furfural residue (FR) was converted into porous carbon (PC), which was applied to the supercapacitor electrode. The impact of varying APS ratios and carbonization temperatures on the physicochemical properties and electrochemical properties of PC was studied. O, S, and N atoms were evenly distributed in the carbon skeleton, producing abundant heteroatomic functional groups. The sample with the largest specific surface area (SSA, 855.62 m2 g-1) was made at 900 °C without the addition of APS. With the increase in adding the ratio of APS, the SSA and pore volume of the sample were reduced, owing to the combination of APS and ZnO to form ZnS during the carbonization process, which inhibited the pore generation and activation effect of ZnO and damaged the pore structure of PC. At 0.5 A g-1 current density, PC900-1 (FR: ZnO: APS ratio 1:1:1, prepared at 900 °C) exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 153.03 F g-1, whereas it had limited capacitance retention at high current density. PC900-0.1 displayed high specific capacitance (141.32 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1), capacitance retention (80.7%), low equivalent series resistance (0.306 Ω), and charge transfer resistance (0.145 Ω) and showed good rate and energy characteristics depending on the synergistic effect of the double layer capacitance and pseudo-capacitance. In conclusion, the prepared FR-derived PC can meet the application of a supercapacitor energy storage field and realize the resource and functional utilization of biomass, which has a good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Zhang
- PowerChina HuBei Electric Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- PowerChina HuBei Electric Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Jie Yang
- PowerChina HuBei Electric Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Zhengguang He
- PowerChina HuBei Electric Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Guangyue Zhu
- Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chang Wen
- Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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6
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Xiao X, Ni W, Yang Y, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu Q, Zhang GJ, Yao Q, Chen S. Platinum nanowires/MXene nanosheets/porous carbon ternary nanocomposites for in situ monitoring of dopamine released from neuronal cells. Talanta 2024; 278:126496. [PMID: 38996563 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the body and closely related to many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the detection of dopamine is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, screening of drugs and unraveling of relevant pathogenic mechanisms. However, the low concentration of dopamine in the body and the complexity of the matrix make the accurate detection of dopamine challenging. Herein, an electrochemical sensor is constructed based on ternary nanocomposites consisting of one-dimensional Pt nanowires, two-dimensional MXene nanosheets, and three-dimensional porous carbon. The Pt nanowires exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to the abundant grain boundaries and highly undercoordinated atoms; MXene nanosheets not only facilitate the growth of Pt nanowires, but also enhance the electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity; and the porous carbon helps induce significant adsorption of dopamine on the electrode surface. In electrochemical tests, the ternary nanocomposite-based sensor achieves an ultra-sensitive detection of dopamine (S/N = 3) with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 28 nM, satisfactory selectivity and excellent stability. Furthermore, the sensor can be used for the detection of dopamine in serum and in situ monitoring of dopamine release from PC12 cells. Such a highly sensitive nanocomposite sensor can be exploited for in situ monitoring of important neurotransmitters at the cellular level, which is of great significance for related drug screening and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Xiao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Wei Ni
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Qunfeng Yao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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Torres A, Soto C, Carmona FJ, Simorte MT, Sanz I, Muñoz R, Palacio L, Prádanos P, Hernández A, Tena A. Enhancing Permeability: Unraveling the Potential of Microporous Organic Polymers in Mixed Matrix Membranes. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:9088-9098. [PMID: 39144280 PMCID: PMC11320380 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were formed by using seven polymeric matrices with a wide range of permeabilities. All of the polymeric matrices have been polyimides, namely: P84, Pi-DAPOH, Pi-DAROH, Matrimid, Pi-HABAc, PI-DAM, and PIM-1 in the order of increasing O2 permeability. A fixed (10%) concentration of a microporous organic polymer (TFAP-Trp), formed by the combination of trifluoroacetophenone and triptycene, was added as a porous filler. The material properties as well as their separation performances for multiple pure gases, specifically the permeabilities of He, N2, O2, CH4, and CO2, were measured. The correlation between the relative increase in permeability in MMMs and that of the matrix polymeric membrane has been quantitatively analyzed. This study proves that the increased permeability of MMMs is largely linked to the contribution of the high permeability of the filler. The addition of the TFAP-Trp porous filler proves to be especially beneficial for matrices with low to moderate permeabilities, significantly enhancing the matrix permeability overall. The fitted relationship is approximately linear in accordance with the existing models to predict permeability in dual-phase systems for low proportions of the dispersed phase. An extrapolation allows the evaluation of the permeability of the pure microporous organic polymer, which agrees with the previous values described by the group for different filler contents and in other polymeric matrices. In all cases, the selectivity remains approximately constant while the permeability increases. The addition of TFAP-Trp to all the polymeric matrices led to a moderate improvement of the MMM separation performances, mainly centered on their permeabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Torres
- Surfaces
and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias, Paseo Belén 7, Valladolid E-47011, Spain
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Cenit Soto
- Surfaces
and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias, Paseo Belén 7, Valladolid E-47011, Spain
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Carmona
- Surfaces
and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias, Paseo Belén 7, Valladolid E-47011, Spain
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - María Teresa Simorte
- FCC
Medio Ambiente, Avenida Camino de Santiago 40, Edificio 2 - Planta 2, Madrid 2850, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sanz
- FCC
Medio Ambiente, Avenida Camino de Santiago 40, Edificio 2 - Planta 2, Madrid 2850, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Laura Palacio
- Surfaces
and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias, Paseo Belén 7, Valladolid E-47011, Spain
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- Surfaces
and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias, Paseo Belén 7, Valladolid E-47011, Spain
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Surfaces
and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias, Paseo Belén 7, Valladolid E-47011, Spain
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Alberto Tena
- Surfaces
and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias, Paseo Belén 7, Valladolid E-47011, Spain
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina S/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
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8
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Zhuang Y, Li S, Rene ER, Dong S, Ma W. Green synthesis of magnetic azo-linked porous organic polymers with recyclable properties for enhanced Bisphenol-A adsorption from aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118427. [PMID: 38325780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) present superior adsorption performance to steroid endocrine disruptors. However, the effective recovery and high cost have been a big limitation for their large-scale applications. Herein, magnetic azo-linked porous polymers (Fe3O4@SiO2/ALP-p) were designed and prepared in a green synthesis approach using low-price materials from phloroglucinol and pararosaniline via a diazo-coupling reaction under standard temperature and pressure conditions, which embedded with Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles to form three-dimensional interlayer network structure with flexible-rigid interweaving. The saturated adsorption capacity to bisphenol-A (BPA) was 485.09 mg/g at 298 K, which increased by 1.4 times compared with ALP-p of relatively smaller mass density. This enhanced adsorption was ascribed to increment from surface adsorption and pore filling with 2.3 times of specific surface area and 2.6 times of pore volume, although the total organic functional groups decreased with Fe3O4@SiO2 amendment. Also, the adsorption rate increased by about 1.1 and 1.5-fold due to enhancement in the initial stage of surface adsorption and subsequent stage pore diffusion, respectively. Moreover, this adsorbent could be used in broad pH (3.0-7.0) and salinity adaptability (<0.5 mol/L). The loss of adsorption capacity and magnetic recovery were lower than 1.1% and 0.8% in each operation cycle because of the flexible-rigid interweave. This excellent performance was contributed by synergistic effects from physisorption and chemisorption, such as pore filling, electrostatic attraction, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interaction. This study offered a cost-effective, high-performing, and ecologically friendly material along with a green preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhuang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sinuo Li
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Shuoyu Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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Yang C, Wang K, Lyu W, Liu H, Li J, Wang Y, Jiang R, Yuan J, Liao Y. Nanofibrous Porous Organic Polymers and Their Derivatives: From Synthesis to Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400626. [PMID: 38476058 PMCID: PMC11109660 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Engineering porous organic polymers (POPs) into 1D morphology holds significant promise for diverse applications due to their exceptional processability and increased surface contact for enhanced interactions with guest molecules. This article reviews the latest developments in nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives, encompassing porous organic polymer nanofibers, their composites, and POPs-derived carbon nanofibers. The review delves into the design and fabrication strategies, elucidates the formation mechanisms, explores their functional attributes, and highlights promising applications. The first section systematically outlines two primary fabrication approaches of nanofibrous POPs, i.e., direct bulk synthesis and electrospinning technology. Both routes are discussed and compared in terms of template utilization and post-treatments. Next, performance of nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives are reviewed for applications including water treatment, water/oil separation, gas adsorption, energy storage, heterogeneous catalysis, microwave absorption, and biomedical systems. Finally, highlighting existent challenges and offering future prospects of nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholm10691Sweden
| | - Kexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Wei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Jiaqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Ruyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholm10691Sweden
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
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10
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Zhao L, Wang S, Li Z, Jiang Y, Liu X, Ouyang H, Xiong Z, Guo Y, Li Y, Lei Y. Ultra-stable hollow nanotube conjugated microporous polymer incorporating fluorenyl moieties for Co-capture of PM and CO 2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133826. [PMID: 38377916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers have a highly delocalized π-π conjugated porous skeleton connected by covalent bonds, which can combine their excellent stability with high adsorption, in order to be applied to the study of co-capture of harmful particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide (CO2) under high temperature and high humidity conditions. In this paper, fluorene-based coupled conjugated microporous polymers (D-CMPs) with functionalized hollow nanotubes and abundant microporous structures were proposed. Through mechanism exploration and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) calculation, the capture efficiency, adsorption capacity and selectivity of PM and CO2 in the waste gas stream of carbon-based combustion were analyzed. The results indicate that D-CMPs, with their rigid carbon-based π-conjugated framework, exhibit excellent tolerance under prolonged high-humidity conditions, with a capture efficiency exceeding 99.87% for PM0.3 and exceeding 99.99% for PM2.5. Meanwhile, based on its chemical/thermal stability, it can realize the recycling of adsorption-regeneration. On this basis, the "slip effect" induced by the open three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure of D-CMPs significantly enhances airflow dispersion and improves gas throughput (with a minimal permeation resistance of only 15 Pa). At a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 273.15 K, D-CMP-2 exhibited a CO2 adsorption capacity of up to 2.69 mmol g-1. The fitting results of three isothermal adsorption models demonstrate that D-CMPs exhibit an outstanding equilibrium selectivity towards CO2. Therefore, prior to the widespread adoption of low-carbon and clean energy technologies, porous solid materials exhibiting excellent structural stability, equilibrium selectivity, environmental tolerance, and high adsorption capacity emerge as optimal candidates for the treatment of industrial waste gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shaozhen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanli Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hang Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhengshao Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Lei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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11
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Mousa AO, Mohamed MG, Chuang CH, Kuo SW. Carbonized Aminal-Linked Porous Organic Polymers Containing Pyrene and Triazine Units for Gas Uptake and Energy Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081891. [PMID: 37112038 PMCID: PMC10146094 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) have plenteous exciting features due to their attractive combination of microporosity with π-conjugation. Nevertheless, electrodes based on their pristine forms suffer from severe poverty of electrical conductivity, precluding their employment within electrochemical appliances. The electrical conductivity of POPs may be significantly improved and their porosity properties could be further customized by direct carbonization. In this study, we successfully prepared a microporous carbon material (Py-PDT POP-600) by the carbonization of Py-PDT POP, which was designed using a condensation reaction between 6,6'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (PDA-4NH2) and 4,4',4'',4'''-(pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetrabenzaldehyde (Py-Ph-4CHO) in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. The obtained Py-PDT POP-600 with a high nitrogen content had a high surface area (up to 314 m2 g-1), high pore volume, and good thermal stability based on N2 adsorption/desorption data and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Owing to the good surface area, the as-prepared Py-PDT POP-600 showed excellent performance in CO2 uptake (2.7 mmol g-1 at 298 K) and a high specific capacitance of 550 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 compared with the pristine Py-PDT POP (0.24 mmol g-1 and 28 F g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Osama Mousa
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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12
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Nunes IDS, Schnorr C, Perondi D, Godinho M, Diel JC, Machado LMM, Dalla Nora FB, Silva LFO, Dotto GL. Valorization of Different Fractions from Butiá Pomace by Pyrolysis: H 2 Generation and Use of the Biochars for CO 2 Capture. Molecules 2022; 27:7515. [PMID: 36364342 PMCID: PMC9658530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work valorizes butiá pomace (Butia capitata) using pyrolysis to prepare CO2 adsorbents. Different fractions of the pomace, like fibers, endocarps, almonds, and deoiled almonds, were characterized and later pyrolyzed at 700 °C. Gas, bio-oil, and biochar fractions were collected and characterized. The results revealed that biochar, bio-oil, and gas yields depended on the type of pomace fraction (fibers, endocarps, almonds, and deoiled almonds). The higher biochar yield was obtained by endocarps (31.9%wt.). Furthermore, the gas fraction generated at 700 °C presented an H2 content higher than 80%vol regardless of the butiá fraction used as raw material. The biochars presented specific surface areas reaching 220.4 m2 g-1. Additionally, the endocarp-derived biochar presented a CO2 adsorption capacity of 66.43 mg g-1 at 25 °C and 1 bar, showing that this material could be an effective adsorbent to capture this greenhouse gas. Moreover, this capacity was maintained for 5 cycles. Biochars produced from butiá precursors without activation resulted in a higher surface area and better performance than some activated carbons reported in the literature. The results highlighted that pyrolysis could provide a green solution for butiá agro-industrial wastes, generating H2 and an adsorbent for CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac dos S. Nunes
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000-7, Santa Maria 97105–900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Schnorr
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Daniele Perondi
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering Processes and Technology, University of Caxias do Sul—UCS, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Godinho
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering Processes and Technology, University of Caxias do Sul—UCS, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Julia C. Diel
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000-7, Santa Maria 97105–900, Brazil
| | - Lauren M. M. Machado
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000-7, Santa Maria 97105–900, Brazil
| | - Fabíola B. Dalla Nora
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000-7, Santa Maria 97105–900, Brazil
| | - Luis F. O. Silva
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Guilherme L. Dotto
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000-7, Santa Maria 97105–900, Brazil
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13
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Yin L, Li D, Guo H, Wang S, Zhang T, Liu Y, Gai F, Zhao X. High-performance carbonized ZIF-8-doped hybrid carbon molecular sieve membrane for CO2/N2 separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Chen C, Wang H, Feng N, Wang Y, Wan H, Ma J, Guan G. Modulated synthesis of N-doped porous carbons via rational design of the poly(ionic liquid) precursors towards efficient CO2 separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022; 644:128906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Yang M, Cui C, Liu L, Dai L, Bai W, Zhai J, Jiang S, Wang W, Ren E, Cheng C, Guo R. Porous activated carbons derived from bamboo pulp black liquor for effective adsorption removal of tetracycline hydrochloride and malachite green from water. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:244-260. [PMID: 35906906 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of wastewater produced by papermaking industry, bamboo pulp black liquor (BPBL) discharged into water causes serious environmental problems. In this work, BPBL was successfully converted into porous carbon after activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) through one-step carbonization, and adsorption properties of porous carbon derived from bamboo pulp black liquor (BLPC) for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and malachite green (MG) were studied. The adsorption capacities of BLPC for TCH and MG are 1047 and 1277 mg/g, respectively, due to its large specific surface area of 1859.08 m2/g. Kinetics and isotherm data are well fitted to the pseudo-second-order rate model and Langmuir model, respectively. Adsorption experiments and characterizations reveal that the adsorption mechanism involved in TCH and MG adsorption on BLPC mainly depends on the synergistic effect of pore filling, H-bonding, π-π interactions and weak electrostatic interactions. In addition, BLPC shows excellent photothermal properties, and the adsorption capacity of TCH and MG on BLPC can reach 584 and 847 mg/g under the irradiation of near infrared lamp for 50 min, respectively. The synthesized BLPC with high adsorption efficiency, good recovery ability, improved adsorption under near-infrared irradiation can be a promising and effective adsorbent for TCH or MG or other pollutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail: ; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Ce Cui
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail: ; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lanling Dai
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail: ; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhao Bai
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail: ; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianyu Zhai
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail: ; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail: ; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail: ; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Erhui Ren
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail:
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ronghui Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China E-mail: ; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
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16
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Yin L, Li D, Li S, Gai F, Zhang T, Liu Y, Zhao X. Tailored pore structure of ZIF-8/chitosan-derived carbonaceous adsorbent by introducing mesoporous silica nanoparticles for superior CO 2 uptake. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2072871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Shun Li
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Fangyuan Gai
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yunling Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Alenezi GT, Rajendran N, Abdel Nazeer A, Makhseed S. Development of Uniform Porous Carbons From Polycarbazole Phthalonitriles as Durable CO 2 Adsorbent and Supercapacitor Electrodes. Front Chem 2022; 10:879815. [PMID: 35548674 PMCID: PMC9081769 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.879815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in new porous materials have recognized great consideration in CO2 capture and electrochemical energy storage (EES) applications. In this study, we reported a synthesis of two nitrogen-enriched KOH-activated porous carbons prepared from polycarbazole phthalonitrile networks through direct pyrolysis protocol. The highest specific surface area of the carbon material prepared by pyrolysis of p-4CzPN polymer reaches 1,279 m2 g-1. Due to the highly rigid and reticular structure of the precursor, the obtained c-4CzPN-KOH carbon material exhibits high surface area, uniform porosity, and shows excellent CO2 capture performance of 19.5 wt% at 0°C. Moreover, the attained porous carbon c-4CzPN-KOH showed high energy storage capacities of up to 451 F g-1 in aqueous electrolytes containing 6.0 M KOH at a current density of 1 A g-1. The prepared carbon material also exhibits excellent charge/discharge cycle stability and retains 95.9% capacity after 2000 cycles, indicating promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narendran Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Abdel Nazeer
- Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Research Center, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Saad Makhseed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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