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Jiang X, Guo Y, Wang L, Zhang Q. Novel multi-mode anti-counterfeiting encryption material of CaAl 12O 19:Eu, Er with multi-color down-conversion luminescence, up-conversion luminescence, dynamic luminescence, and photochromism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 678:872-885. [PMID: 39222607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Multi-mode dynamic anti-counterfeiting materials can provide complex anti-counterfeiting performance and ensure the anti-counterfeiting strategy becomes more secure. Herein, a new type of multi-mode anti-counterfeiting encryption material of CaAl12O19:Eu, Er with different Er doping concentration was developed by sol-gel method. Interestingly, the CaAl12O19:Eu, Er phosphor and its composite have multi-mode anti-counterfeiting characteristics of multi-color down-conversion luminescence, up-conversion luminescence, dynamic luminescence, and photochromism. Effect of different Er doping concentration on the down-conversion luminescence, up-conversion luminescence, dynamic luminescence, and photochromism of CaAl12O19:Eu, Er was systematically investigated, and the relevant mechanisms were discussed. These anti-counterfeiting features can be simultaneously applied in both bright and dark fields, which can achieve high-level anti-counterfeiting in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The CaAl12O19:Eu, Er phosphors cannot be easily replaced by other materials with the same anti-counterfeiting properties. They display good application foreground in the field of anti-counterfeiting encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yue Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lixi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Qitu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing 211816, China.
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2
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Bian C, Wang T, Zhu X, Liu H, Yue Y, Chen L, Wang G, Huang W, Yu X, Yu S. Opto/Thermoresponsive Multimode Luminescence in Eu- and Er-Activated CaF 2 Phosphor for High-Security Anticounterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:57346-57354. [PMID: 39403888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
As the landscape of information storage and security continues to evolve, the deployment of sophisticated anticounterfeiting strategies with robust security features and multimodal luminescent capabilities becomes imperative. In this work, Eu3+ and Er3+ ions are codoped into CaF2 phosphors to achieve multimodel optical output. The self-reduction of Eu3+ within the CaF2 matrix gives rise to the coexistence of Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions, which manifests as a color transition from orange to blue as the excitation wavelength is varied from 300 to 335 nm. Moreover, the distinct temperature-dependent behaviors of Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions underscore the material's visible temperature-sensitive luminescence properties, characterized by remarkable thermal sensitivity (Sa = 0.0156 K-1, Sr = 0.83%K-1). Additionally, the strategic introduction of Er3+ ions adds an extra dimension, enabling the realization of color-tunable upconversion luminescence through the fine-tuning of Er3+ concentration. This synergistic integration culminates in the establishment of an efficient three-path authentication model within the CaF2 host matrix, facilitating a dynamic multicolor response to changes in the excitation wavelength and temperature. By harnessing these diverse luminescent modalities, the study delivers a versatile and potent anticounterfeiting solution, advancing the frontiers of information security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Bian
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Haozhe Liu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Guohao Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Siufung Yu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
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3
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Zhao C, Li Z, Xiang Z, Guo Z, Wang Z, Zhang M, Liu W. Trap Depth Engineering from Persistent Luminescence Phosphors Mg2-xZnxSnO4 for Dynamic Optical Information Encryption Application. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13474-13483. [PMID: 38976574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditional information encryption materials that rely on fluorescent/phosphorescent molecules are facing an increasing risk of counterfeiting or tampering due to their static reading mode and advances in counterfeiting technology. In this study, a series of Mg2-xZnxSnO4 (x = 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7 0.75, 0.8) that realizes the writing, reading, and erasing of dynamic information is developed. When heated to 90 °C, the materials exhibit a variety of dynamic emission changes with the concentration of Zn2+ ions. As the doping concentration increased, the ratio of the shallow trap to deep trap changed from 7.77 to 20.86. When x = 0.55, the proportion of deep traps is relatively large, resulting in a higher temperature and longer time required to read the information. When x = 0.80, the proportion of shallow traps is larger and the encrypted information is easier to read. Based on the above features, encryption binary codes device was designed, displaying dynamic writing, reading, and erasing of information under daylight and heating conditions. Accordingly, this work provides reliable guidance on advanced dynamic information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zihui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhizhi Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhenbin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Xining 810016, China
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Yue Y, Wang T, Yan Y, Guo L, Zhu X, Bu W, Wang G, Zhu N, Zhao L, Yu X. Nonstoichiometry-Induced Self-Activated Phosphors for Dynamic Anti-counterfeiting Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32402-32410. [PMID: 38875019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Optical signals with distinctive properties, such as contactless, fast response, and high identification, are harnessed to realize advanced anti-counterfeiting. However, the simultaneous attainment of multi-color, -temporal, and -modal luminescence performance remains a compelling and imperative pursuit. In our work, a temperature/photon-responded dynamic self-activated luminescence originating from nonstoichiometric Zn2GeO4 is developed with the modulation of intrinsic defects. The increased concentration of oxygen vacancies (VO••) contributes to an enhanced recombination of ZnGe″-VO••, ultimately improving the self-activated luminescence performance. Additionally, the photoluminescence (PL) color of the representative Zn2.2GeO4 sample changes from green to blue-white with the increased ultraviolet (UV) irradiation time. Concurrently, the emission color undergoes a variation from blue to green as the ambient temperature raises from 280 to 420 K. Remarkably, green long persistent luminescence (LPL) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) behaviors are observed. Herein, this study elucidates a sophisticated anti-counterfeiting approach grounded in the dynamic luminescent attributes of nonstoichiometric Zn2GeO4, presenting a promising frontier for the evolution of anti-counterfeiting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Yan
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Longchao Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyu Zhu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifang Bu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohao Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Rare-Earth Optical Functional Materials and Devices Development, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi 721016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
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5
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Ye H, Li Y, Chen X, Du W, Song L, Chen Y, Zhan Q, Wei W. Current Developments in Emerging Lanthanide-Doped Persistent Luminescent Scintillators and Their Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303661. [PMID: 38630080 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped scintillators have the ability to convert the absorbed X-ray irradiation into ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), or near-infrared (NIR) light. Lanthanide-doped scintillators with excellent persistent luminescence (PersL) are emerging as a new class of PersL materials recently. They have attracted great attention due to their unique "self-luminescence" characteristic and potential applications. In this review, we comb through and focus on current developments of lanthanide-doped persistent luminescent scintillators (PersLSs), including their PersL mechanism, synthetic methods, tuning of PersL properties (e. g. emission wavelength, intensity, and duration time), as well as their promising applications (e. g. information storage, encryption, anti-counterfeiting, bio-imaging, and photodynamic therapy). We hope this review will provide valuable guidance for the future development of PersLSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Ye
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yantao Li
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xukai Chen
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Weidong Du
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Longfei Song
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Wei
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Chen X, Sha X, Zhang Y, Gao D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu T, Zhang X, Zhang J, Cao Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xu S, Yu H, Chen B. Multicolor-emitting Er 3+ and Er 3+/Yb 3+ doped Zn 2GeO 4 phosphors combining static and dynamic identifications for advanced anti-counterfeiting application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123830. [PMID: 38184878 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Anti-counterfeiting labels based on luminescence materials are a newly emerging technique for protecting legal goods and intellectual property. In the anti-counterfeiting field to prevent forgery and cloning, luminescence materials with properties different from the commercialized and traditional ones are in urgent need. In this work, multicolor-emitting Er3+ single-doped and Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Zn2GeO4 phosphors combining static and dynamic identifications were developed in order to achieve advanced anti-counterfeiting application. The variation of trap content with increasing the doping content of rare earth ions was analyzed through X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermoluminescence analysis. It was found that there are two types of traps with different depth in Zn2GeO4 phosphors. The depths of the traps were experimentally confirmed to be 0.68 and 0.79 eV, respectively. The transient photocurrent response measurement confirmed the existence of charge carriers, and the mechanism for long persistent luminescence was deduced. The multicolor upconversion mechanisms under 980 and 1550 nm excitation were also discovered. Based on the multicolor steady and transient emission features, an anti-counterfeiting pattern was designed using the phosphors. Static and dynamic identification was demonstrated and presented in detail. Finally, it is indicated that the studied phosphors are excellent candidates for potential applications in luminescence anti-counterfeiting labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xuezhu Sha
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Duan Gao
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China; College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tianshuo Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Xizhen Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jinsu Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yongze Cao
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiangping Li
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Sai Xu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Baojiu Chen
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, PR China.
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Liu H, Zhu X, Nie L, Guo L, Jiang C, Wang G, Huang W, Hou L, Hu T, Yakovlev AN, Xu X, Yu X, Wang T. Multimode-Responsive Luminescence of Er 3+ Single-Activated CaF 2 Phosphor for Advanced Information Encryption. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16485-16492. [PMID: 37738045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The current optical anticounterfeit strategies that rely on multimode luminescence in response to the photon or thermal stimuli have significant importance in the field of anticounterfeiting and information encryption. However, the dependence on light and heat sources might limit their flexibility in practical applications. In this work, Er3+ single-doped CaF2 phosphors that show multistimuli-responsive luminescence have been successfully prepared. The as-obtained CaF2:Er3+ phosphor exhibits green photoluminescence (PL) and color-tunable up-conversation (UC) luminescence from red to green due to the cross-relaxation of Er3+ ions. Additionally, as-obtained CaF2:Er3+ phosphors also display green mechano-luminescence behavior, which is induced by the contact electrification between the CaF2 particles and PDMS polymers, enabling the phosphor to flexibly respond to mechanical stimuli. Moreover, feasible anticounterfeiting schemes with the capability of multistimuli-responsive and flexible decryption have been constructed, further expanding the application of optical materials in the field of advanced anticounterfeiting and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Liu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Lin Nie
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Longchao Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chaoxin Jiang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Guohao Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Lihui Hou
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, 28, Vesennyaya Street, Kemerovo 650000, Russia
| | | | - Xuhui Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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