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Almeida LE, Doetzer A, Beck ML. Immunohistochemical Markers of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030789. [PMID: 36769438 PMCID: PMC9917491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of internal derangements encompassing dysfunction, displacement, degeneration of the temporomandibular joints and surroundings muscles of mastication, often accompanied by pain. Relationships between TMD and various chemical biomarkers have been examined throughout the years. This paper aims to gather evidence from the literature regarding other biomarkers and presenting them as one systematic review to investigate the potential links between TMD and different biochemical activity. To identify relevant papers, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and a manual search was performed in the International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, and Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. The literature review produced extensive results relating to the biochemical and immunohistochemical markers of TMD. Many enzymes, inflammatory markers, proteoglycans, and hormones were identified and organized in tables, along with a brief description, study design, and conclusion of each study. Through this review, recurring evidence provides confidence in suggesting involvement of certain biomarkers that may be involved in this complex pathogenesis, in addition to pointing to differences in gender prevalence of TMD. However, more organized research on large human samples needs to be conducted to delve deeper into the understanding of how this disease develops and progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Almeida
- Surgical Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Doetzer
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Matthew L. Beck
- Surgical Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Talian I, Laputková G, Schwartzová V. Identification of crucial salivary proteins/genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term for a group of conditions that lead to impairment of the function of the temporomandibular joint. The proteins/genes and signaling pathways associated with TMD are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify key differentially expressed salivary proteins/genes (DEGs) associated with TMD progression using LC-MS/MS coupled with a bioinformatics approach. The protein–protein interaction network was obtained from the STRING database and the hub genes were identified using Cytoscape including cytoHubba and MCODE plug-ins. In addition, enrichment of gene ontology functions and the Reactome signaling pathway was performed. A total of 140 proteins/genes were differentially expressed. From cluster analysis, a set of 20 hub genes were significantly modulated: ALB, APOA1, B2M, C3, CAT, CLU, CTSD, ENO1, GSN, HBB, HP, HSPA8, LTF, LYZ, MMP9, S100A9, SERPINA1, TF, TPI1, and TXN. Two enriched signaling pathways, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and tryptophan signaling pathway involving the hub genes CAT, ENO1, and TPI1 have been identified. The rest of the hub genes were mainly enriched in the innate immune system and antimicrobial peptides signaling pathways. In summary, hub DEGs and the signaling pathways identified here have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of TMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Talian
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik , Košice , 040 11 , Slovak Republic
| | - Galina Laputková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik , Košice , 040 11 , Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimíra Schwartzová
- Clinic of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik and Louis Pasteur University Hospital , Košice , 041 90 , Slovak Republic
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Loreto C, Filetti V, Almeida LE, La Rosa GRM, Leonardi R, Grippaudo C, Lo Giudice A. MMP-7 and MMP-9 are overexpressed in the synovial tissue from severe temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32312031 PMCID: PMC7171425 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are tissue-enzymes that play a key role during the remodeling process, such as in inflammatory diseases. MMP-7 and MMP-9 have been shown to be implicated in extracellular matrix homeostasis and in joint disc remodeling. The objective of this study was to determine the relation of MMP-7 and MMP-9 expression with severe temporomandibular joint dysfunction, in particular with anterior disk displacement without reduction (ADDwoR), using an immunohistochemical approach. Therefore, twenty human temporomandibular synovia in the test group and ten in the control group were collected. The results showed there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) for morphometric and densitometric analysis of both detected MMPs in control and test groups. In conclusion, MMP-7 and MMP-9 were overexpressed in the synovial tissue of patients with ADDwoR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Loreto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, University of Catania.
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Almeida LE, Sorenson A, Hresko K, Butcher S, Leonardi R, Loreto C, Bosio J, Tayebi L, Doetzer A. Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-1 Receptor 1 in the discs of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Cranio 2018; 37:175-180. [PMID: 29327658 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2017.1417765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) may affect a patient's quality of life, and one of the etiologies can be anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR). Interleukin 1 Receptor 1 (IL-1R1) is a membrane receptor that plays an important role on initiating immune and inflammatory response by binding the agonists ligands of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, through immunohistochemical analysis, the association of IL-1R1 with TMD. Methods Thirty-nine human disc samples were collected and composed three different groups: ADDwR (n = 19), ADDwoR (n = 12), and control group (n = 8). The samples were immunostained with IL-1R1 antibody and evaluated on both quantity and intensity of staining. Results There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control and test groups for both quantity and intensity of staining. Conclusion IL1-R1 was associated with ADDwR and ADDwoR in TMD discs of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Almeida
- a Surgical Sciences Department, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Adam Sorenson
- a Surgical Sciences Department, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Kyle Hresko
- a Surgical Sciences Department, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Seth Butcher
- a Surgical Sciences Department, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- b Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Pain , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- c Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Anatomy Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Jose Bosio
- d Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry , Maryland University , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- e School of Dentistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Andrea Doetzer
- f School of Health and Bioscience , Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana , Curitiba , Brazil
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Almeida LE, Pierce S, Zacharias J, Cullinan W, Noronha L, Olandoski M, Tramontina V, Loreto C, Leonardi R. Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-1 beta in the discs of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Cranio 2016; 35:233-237. [DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2016.1207911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Almeida
- Oral Sciences Department, Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sean Pierce
- Oral Sciences Department, Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Zacharias
- Oral Sciences Department, Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William Cullinan
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lucia Noronha
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcia Olandoski
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Tramontina
- Periodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carla Loreto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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ADAM10 localization in temporomandibular joint disk with internal derangement: an ex vivo immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:293-8. [PMID: 26947053 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of ADAM10 in temporomandibular joint disk with internal derangement. Twenty-five paraffin blocks of displaced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk specimens from earlier investigations were retrieved from the archives of the University of Catania. Of these 16 had been removed from females and 9 from males; 11 with anterior disk displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and 14 with anterior disk displacement without reduction (ADDwoR). The sections were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and cut. Then they were incubated in 0.3% H2O2/methanol and half of sections from each sample were incubated in diluted rabbit polyclonal anti-ADAM10 antibody. Then biotinylated anti-mouse/anti-rabbit IgG was applied to the sections, followed by avidin-biotin-perioxidase complex. The results were analyzed and the results were that ADAM10 was overexpressed in the posterior band of sections from patients with ADDwR compared to the other bands of both ADDwR and ADDwoR sections. Overexpression correlated with severe histopathological degeneration. We believe these results have the potential to provide insights into the pathogenesis of TMJ disk degeneration and to help design new therapeutic approaches targeting the proteolytic events that lead to tissue degeneration. Early therapeutic block of ADAM10 activity could succeed in limiting aggrecan-rich matrix breakdown without affecting normal physiology.
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Leonardi R, Crimi S, Almeida LE, Pannone G, Musumeci G, Castorina S, Rusu MC, Loreto C. ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 expression in human temporomandibular joint discs with internal derangement, correlates with degeneration. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:870-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Pain; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Salvatore Crimi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Institute of Pathology and Cytopathology; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; Anatomy Section; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; Anatomy Section; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Division of Anatomy; Faculty of Dental Medicine; ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Carla Loreto
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; Anatomy Section; University of Catania; Catania Italy
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 43:102-5. [PMID: 25465487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement and to show the relationship between the level of TNF-α and the severity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arthrocentesis was performed on 32 female and five male patients (aged between 17 and 45) referred to our clinic with the complaint of TMJ pain and discomfort. TNF-α levels were determined in the SF samples obtained during arthrocentesis. As a measure of pain, visual analog scale (VAS) scores were also evaluated. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in VAS scores between the stages. VAS scores were found to be elevated as the stage of disease progressed. Increased levels of TNF-α were found in progressive stages of internal derangement. CONCLUSION In our study, both SF TNF-α levels and pain levels (VAS scores) were found to be increased in patients with internal derangement as the stage of the disease progresses. TNF-α might contribute to the pathogenesis of synovitis and the degeneration of the TMJ cartilage and bone.
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Al-Baghdadi M, Durham J, Steele J. Timing interventions in relation to temporomandibular joint closed lock duration: a systematic review of 'locking duration'. J Oral Rehabil 2014; 41:24-58. [PMID: 24393132 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 'closed lock' (CL) is a clinical condition causing TMJ pain and limited mouth opening (painful locking) that is mostly attributed to disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR), or less commonly to anchored disc phenomenon (ADP). Both conditions are described clinically as CL that can be 'acute' or 'chronic' depending on the duration of locking. There is, however, no consensus about the duration of locking that defines the acute state and its effect on the success of interventions. This review paper, therefore, aims to provide: (i) a narrative review of the pathophysiological need for early intervention in DDwoR and the clinical implications of acute/chronic CL stages on the management pathway; (ii) a systematic review investigating the effects of locking duration on the success of interventions for CL management. Electronic and manual searches until mid-August 2013 were conducted for English-language studies of any design investigating the effects of non-surgical and surgical interventions for acute or chronic CL (DDwoR or ADP). A total of 626 records were identified, and 113 studies were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were completed for all included studies. Included studies were, however, heterogeneous and mostly of poor-quality leading to contradictory and inconsistent evidence on the effect of the duration of locking on treatment outcomes. Future high-quality trials investigating the effect of CL duration on treatment outcome are needed. At present, early intervention by 'unlock' mandibular manipulation seems to be the most practical and realistic approach that can be attempted first in every CL patient as an initial diagnostic/therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Baghdadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Loreto C, Leonardi R, Musumeci G, Pannone G, Castorina S. An ex vivo study on immunohistochemical localization of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in temporomandibular joint discs with internal derangement. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e12. [PMID: 23807291 PMCID: PMC3794338 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal derangement (ID) is among the most common disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Previous research by our group highlighted a correlation between apoptosis and TMJ ID. Metalloproteinases (MMP)-7 and -9 have been shown to play an important role in extracellular matrix ECM) homeostasis and, through it, in joint disc remodelling. The immunohistochemical expression of MMP-7 and -9 was investigated in discs from patients with TMJ ID and from healthy donors and compared with the degree of histological tissue degeneration. The collagen fibre arrangement in pathological discs exhibited varying degrees of disruption. New vessels were consistently detected; endothelial cells from these vessels were immunolabelled with both MMP-7 and MMP-9. More or less intense MMP-7 and MMP-9 immunolabelling was detected in the cytoplasm of disc cells from all patients. MMP-7 and MMP-9 immunostaining was significantly different between pathological and normal discs and correlated with the extent of histopathological degeneration. MMP-7 and MMP-9 upregulation in discs from patients with TMJ ID demonstrates their involvement in disc damage in this disorder. A greater understanding of these processes could help identify ways to curb MMP overproduction without affecting their tissue remodelling action. The design of specific inhibitors for these MMPs would not only help to gain insights into the biological roles of MMPs, but would also aid in developing therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with abnormal ECM degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loreto
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Anatomy Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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