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Wang S, Ren Z, Li H, Xue Y, Zhang M, Li R, Liu P. Preparation and sustained-release of chitosan-alginate bilayer microcapsules containing aromatic compounds with different functional groups. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132663. [PMID: 38797291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the release of aromatic compounds with distinct functional groups within bilayer microcapsules. Bilayer microcapsules of four distinctive core materials (benzyl alcohol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, and benzoic acid) were synthesized via freeze-drying. Chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (ALG) were used as wall materials. CS concentration, using orthogonal experiments with the loading ratio as a metric. Under optimal conditions, three other types of microcapsules (cinnamic aldehyde, benzoic acid, and benzyl alcohol) were obtained. The four types of microcapsules were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and their sustained release characteristics were evaluated. The optimal conditions were: CS dosage, 1.2 %; CS-to-eugenol mass ratio, 1:2; and CS-to-ALG mass ratio, 1:1. By comparing the IR spectra of the four types of microcapsules, wall material, and core material, the core materials were revealed to be encapsulated within the wall material. SEM results revealed that the granular protuberances on the surface of the microcapsules were closely aligned and persistent when magnified 2000×. The TEM results indicated that all four microcapsules had a spherical and bilayer structure. The thermal stability and sustained release results showed that the four microcapsules were more resilient and less volatile than the four core materials. The release conformed to first-order kinetics, and the release ratios of the four microcapsules were as follows: benzyl alcohol microcapsules ˃ eugenol microcapsules ˃ cinnamaldehyde microcapsules ˃ benzoic acid microcapsules. The prepared bilayer microcapsules encapsulated four different core materials with good sustained release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zhaohui Ren
- Jilin Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd, No. 795 Tianchi Road, Yanji 136202, China
| | - Helin Li
- Jilin Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd, No. 795 Tianchi Road, Yanji 136202, China
| | - Ye Xue
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Rui Li
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Su X, Li B, Chen S, Wang X, Song H, Shen B, Zheng Q, Yang M, Yue P. Pore engineering of micro/mesoporous nanomaterials for encapsulation, controlled release and variegated applications of essential oils. J Control Release 2024; 367:107-134. [PMID: 38199524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils have become increasingly popular in fields of medical, food and agriculture, owing to their strongly antimicrobial, anti-inflammation and antioxidant effects, greatly meeting demand from consumers for healthy and safe natural products. However, the easy volatility and/or chemical instability of active ingredients of essential oils (EAIs) can result in the loss of activity before realizing their functions, which have greatly hindered the widely applications of EAIs. As an emerging trend, micro/mesoporous nanomaterials (MNs) have drawn great attention for encapsulation and controlled release of EAIs, owing to their tunable pore structural characteristics. In this review, we briefly discuss the recent advances of MNs that widely used in the controlled release of EAIs, including zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs), and provide a comprehensive summary focusing on the pore engineering strategies of MNs that affect their controlled-release or triggered-release for EAIs, including tailorable pore structure properties (e.g., pore size, pore surface area, pore volume, pore geometry, and framework compositions) and surface properties (surface modification and surface functionalization). Finally, the variegated applications and potential challenges are also given for MNs based delivery strategies for EAIs in the fields of healthcare, food and agriculture. These will provide considerable instructions for the rational design of MNs for controlled release of EAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shuiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xinmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Baode Shen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Russell S, Bruns N. Encapsulation of Fragrances in Micro- and Nano-Capsules, Polymeric Micelles, and Polymersomes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300120. [PMID: 37150605 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fragrances are ubiquitously and extensively used in everyday life and several industrial applications, including perfumes, textiles, laundry formulations, hygiene household products, and food products. However, the intrinsic volatility of these small organic molecules leaves them particularly susceptible to fast depletion from a product or from the surface they have been applied to. Encapsulation is a very effective method to limit the loss of fragrance during their use and to sustain their release. This review gives an overview of the different materials and techniques used for the encapsulation of fragrances, scents, and aromas, as well as the methods used to characterize the resulting encapsulation systems, with a particular focus on cyclodextrins, polymer microcapsules, inorganic microcapsules, block copolymer micelles, and polymersomes for fragrance encapsulation, sustained release, and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, G1 1XL, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, G1 1XL, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Wu J, Guo W, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang H, Zheng Z, Wang X, Kaplan DL. Stabilization and Sustained Release of Fragrances Using Silk-PEG Microspheres. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37144723 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fragrances, which are commonly used in food, textiles, consumer products, and medical supplies, are volatile compounds that require stabilization and controlled release due to their sensitivity to environmental conditions such as light, oxygen, temperature, and humidity. Encapsulation in various material matrices is a desired technique for these purposes, and there is a growing interest in using sustainable natural materials to reduce environmental impact. In this study, fragrance encapsulation in microspheres made from silk fibroin (SF) was investigated. Fragrance-loaded silk fibroin microspheres (Fr-SFMSs) were prepared by adding fragrance/surfactant emulsions to silk solutions, followed by mixing them with polyethylene glycol under ambient conditions. The study investigated eight different fragrances, where citral, beta-ionone, and eugenol showed higher binding affinities to silk than the other five fragrances, resulting in better microsphere formation with uniform sizes and higher fragrance loading (10-30%). Citral-SFMSs showed characteristic crystalline β-sheet structures of SF, high thermal stability (initial weight loss at 255 °C), long shelf life at 37 °C (>60 days), and sustained release (∼30% of citral remained after incubation at 60 °C for 24 h). When citral-SFMSs with different sizes were used to treat cotton fabrics, about 80% of the fragrance remained on the fabrics after one wash, and the duration of release from the treated fabrics was significantly longer than that of control samples treated with citral alone (no microspheres). This method of preparing Fr-SFMSs has potential applications in textile finishing, cosmetics, and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- College of Textile, Garment and Design, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Hou Y, Weng D, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Chen L, Wang J. Near-Infrared Light Responsive Surface with Switchable Wettability in Microstructure and Surface Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6276-6286. [PMID: 37083283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent surfaces with reversibly switchable wettability have recently drawn considerable attention. One typical strategy to obtain such a surface is to change the surface chemistry or the microstructure. Herein, we report a new smart surface for which the wettability was controlled by both the surface chemistry and microstructure. Various wetting states were reversibly and precisely controlled through heating, pressing, NIR irradiation, and oxygen plasma treatment. The excellent shape memory characteristics of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) and the controlled release of hydrophobic/hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups contributed to this ability. Microcapsules were used to design these smart surfaces. They controlled the release of a fluorinated alkyl silane (FAS) through shell melting, changed the surface composition, and played a decisive role in protecting the FAS against hydrolysis and evaporation to ensure that the surface's wettability is recyclable. Controlling of the surface chemistry or microstructure was repeated for at least 19 or 16 cycles, respectively, which indicated excellent repeatability compared to other smart surfaces. Based on the excellent controllability, the surface exhibited multiple functions, such as liquid directional transport and coefficient of friction control. In addition, it maintained this extraordinary ability under harsh environments owing to the great stability of the SMPU and adequate protection of the FAS by the microcapsules. With switchable wettability based on the surface chemistry and microstructure, this work provides a new principle for designing smart surfaces with wettability controlled in two ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ding Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiadao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Lamboley S, Vuichoud B, de Saint Laumer JY, Herrmann A. Release of Volatile Cyclopentanone Derivatives from Imidazolidin-4-One Profragrances in a Fabric Softener Application. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010382. [PMID: 36615574 PMCID: PMC9822342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolidin-4-ones were investigated as hydrolytically cleavable profragrances to increase the long-lastingness of perfume perception in a fabric softener application. The reaction of different amino acid amides with 2-alkyl- or 2-alkenylcyclopentanones as the model fragrances to be released afforded the corresponding bi- or tricyclic imidazolidin-4-ones as mixtures of diastereoisomers, which were separated by column chromatography. In polar solution, the different stereoisomers equilibrated under thermodynamic conditions to form mixtures with constant isomeric distributions, as shown by NMR spectroscopy. Dynamic headspace analysis on dry cotton demonstrated the controlled fragrance release from the precursors in practical application. Under non-equilibrium conditions (continuous evaporation of the fragrance) and depending on the structure and stereochemistry of the profragrances, the recorded headspace concentrations of the fragrance released from the precursors increased by a factor of 2 up to 100 with respect to the unmodified reference. Prolinamide-based precursors released the highest amount of fragrance and were thus found to be particularly suitable for prolonging the evaporation of cyclopentanone-derived fragrances on a dry cotton surface.
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