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Horcharoensuk P, Yang-En S, Chakritbudsabong W, Samatiwat P, Pramong R, Rungarunlert S, Rungsiwiwut R. Melatonin attenuates dimethyl sulfoxide- and Zika virus-induced degeneration of porcine induced neural stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:232-242. [PMID: 35235152 PMCID: PMC8890020 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Domestic pigs have become increasingly popular as a model for human diseases such as neurological diseases. Drug discovery platforms have increasingly been used to identify novel compounds that combat neurodegeneration. Currently, bioactive molecules such as melatonin have been demonstrated to offer a neuroprotective effect in several studies. However, a neurodegenerative platform to study novel compounds in a porcine model has not been fully established. In this study, characterized porcine induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) were used for evaluation of the protective effect of melatonin against chemical and pathogenic stimulation. First, the effects of different concentrations of melatonin on the proliferation of porcine iNSCs were studied. Second, porcine iNSCs were treated with the appropriate concentration of melatonin prior to induced degeneration with dimethyl sulfoxide or Zika virus (ZIKV). The results demonstrated that the percentages of Ki67 expression in porcine iNSCs cultured in 0.1, 1, and 10 nM melatonin were not significantly different from that in the control groups. Melatonin at 1 nM protected porcine iNSCs from DMSO-induced degeneration, as confirmed by a dead cell exclusion assay and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) analysis. In addition, pretreatment with melatonin reduced the percentage of dead porcine iNSCs after ZIKV infection. Melatonin increased the ΔΨm, resulting in a decrease in cell degeneration. However, pretreatment with melatonin was unable to suppress ZIKV replication in porcine iNSCs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the anti-degenerative effect of melatonin against DMSO- and ZIKV-induced degeneration in porcine iNSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Horcharoensuk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Sunantha Yang-En
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Warunya Chakritbudsabong
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Papavee Samatiwat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Ratchadaporn Pramong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand.
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Farid MF, S Abouelela Y, Rizk H. Stem cell treatment trials of spinal cord injuries in animals. Auton Neurosci 2022; 238:102932. [PMID: 35016045 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological spinal cord damage that resulted in the loss of temporary or permanent function. However, there are even now no effective therapies for it. So, a new medical promising therapeutic hotspot over the previous decades appeared which was (Stem cell (SC) cure of SCI). Otherwise, animal models are considered in preclinical research as a model for humans to trial a potential new treatment. METHODOLOGY Following articles were saved from different databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Egyptian knowledge bank, Elsevier, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, BMC) on the last two decades, and data were obtained then analyzed. RESULTS This review discusses the type and grading of SCI. As well as different types of stem cells therapy for SCI, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The review focuses on the transplantation pathways, clinical evaluation, and clinical signs of different types of SC on different animal models which are summarized in tables to give an easy to reach. CONCLUSION Pharmacological and physiotherapy have limited regenerative power in comparison with stem cells medication in the treatment of SCI. Among several sources of cell therapies, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) one is being progressively developed as a trusted important energetic way to repair and regenerate. Finally, a wide-ranged animal models have been condensed that helped in human clinical trial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam F Farid
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yara S Abouelela
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy Rizk
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Abstract
Traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) is a worldwide health problem affecting millions of people. Trauma of the CNS, that is, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), lead to massive and progressive cell loss and axonal degeneration, usually with very limited regeneration. At present, there are no treatments to protect injured CNS tissue or to replace the lost tissue. Stem cells are a cell type that by definition can self-renew and give rise to multiple cell lineages. In recent years, therapies using stem and progenitor cells have shown promising effects in experimental CNS trauma, particularly in the acute-subacute stage, but also in chronic injuries. However, the therapeutic mechanisms by which transplanted cells achieve the structural and/or functional improvements are often not clear. Stem cell therapies for CNS trauma can be categorized into 2 main concepts, transplantation of exogenous neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells and recruitment of endogenous stem and progenitor cells. In this review, focusing on the advances during the last decade, we will discuss the major cell therapies, the pros and cons of these 2 concepts for TBI and SCI, and the treatment strategies we believe will be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Erik Sundström, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), BioClinicum J9:20, Karolinska University Hospital, S17164 Solna, Sweden.
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Stem Cell Secretome for Spinal Cord Repair: Is It More than Just a Random Baseline Set of Factors? Cells 2021; 10:cells10113214. [PMID: 34831436 PMCID: PMC8625005 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of thousands of people suffer spinal cord injuries each year. The experimental application of stem cells following spinal cord injury has opened a new era to promote neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of damaged tissue. Currently, there is great interest in the intravenous administration of the secretome produced by mesenchymal stem cells in acute or subacute spinal cord injuries. However, it is important to highlight that undifferentiated neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are able to adapt to the damaged environment and produce the so-called lesion-induced secretome. This review article focuses on current research related to the secretome and the lesion-induced secretome and their roles in modulating spinal cord injury symptoms and functional recovery, emphasizing different compositions of the lesion-induced secretome in various models of spinal cord injury.
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Jiang LL, Li H, Liu L. Xenogeneic stem cell transplantation: Research progress and clinical prospects. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:3826-3837. [PMID: 34141739 PMCID: PMC8180210 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i16.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the ultimate treatment for end-stage diseases such as heart and liver failure. However, the severe shortage of donor organs has limited the organ transplantation progress. Xenogeneic stem cell transplantation provides a new strategy to solve this problem. Researchers have shown that xenogeneic stem cell transplantation has significant therapeutic effects and broad application prospects in treating liver failure, myocardial infarction, advanced type 1 diabetes mellitus, myelosuppression, and other end-stage diseases by replacing the dysfunctional cells directly or improving the endogenous regenerative milieu. In this review, the sources, problems and solutions, and potential clinical applications of xenogeneic stem cell transplantation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Progress in Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2853650. [PMID: 33204276 PMCID: PMC7661146 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2853650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the serious neurological diseases that occur in young people with high morbidity and disability. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for it. Stem cell (SC) treatment of SCI has gradually become a new research hotspot over the past decades. This article is aimed at reviewing the research progress of SC therapy for SCI. Methods Review the literature and summarize the effects, strategies, related mechanisms, safety, and clinical application of different SC types and new approaches in combination with SC in SCI treatment. Results A large number of studies have focused on SC therapy for SCI, most of which showed good effects. The common SC types for SCI treatment include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The modes of treatment include in vivo and in vitro induction. The pathways of transplantation consist of intravenous, transarterial, nasal, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, and intramedullary injections. Most of the SC treatments for SCI use a number of cells ranging from tens of thousands to millions. Early or late SC administration, application of immunosuppressant or not are still controversies. Potential mechanisms of SC therapy include tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, and regeneration and promotion of angiogenesis, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory. Common safety issues include thrombosis and embolism, tumorigenicity and instability, infection, high fever, and even death. Recently, some new approaches, such as the pharmacological activation of endogenous SCs, biomaterials, 3D print, and optogenetics, have been also developed, which greatly improved the application of SC therapy for SCI. Conclusion Most studies support the effects of SC therapy on SCI, while a few studies do not. The cell types, mechanisms, and strategies of SC therapy for SCI are very different among studies. In addition, the safety cannot be ignored, and more clinical trials are required. The application of new technology will promote SC therapy of SCI.
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Qian K, Xu TY, Wang X, Ma T, Zhang KX, Yang K, Qian TD, Shi J, Li LX, Wang Z. Effects of neural stem cell transplantation on the motor function of rats with contusion spinal cord injuries: a meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:748-758. [PMID: 31638100 PMCID: PMC6975148 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To judge the efficacies of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation on functional recovery following contusion spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Data sources Studies in which NSCs were transplanted into a clinically relevant, standardized rat model of contusion SCI were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases, and the extracted data were analyzed by Stata 14.0. Data selection Inclusion criteria were that NSCs were used in in vivo animal studies to treat contusion SCIs and that behavioral assessment of locomotor functional recovery was performed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan lo-comotor rating scale. Exclusion criteria included a follow-up of less than 4 weeks and the lack of control groups. Outcome measures The restoration of motor function was assessed by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Results We identified 1756 non-duplicated papers by searching the aforementioned electronic databases, and 30 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 37 studies reported in the 30 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that transplanted NSCs could improve the motor function recovery of rats following contusion SCIs, to a moderate extent (pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47-1.00; P < 0.001). NSCs obtained from different donor species (rat: SMD = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.36-1.13; human: SMD = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.31-1.25), at different donor ages (fetal: SMD = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.43-0.92; adult: SMD = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.50-1.22) and from different origins (brain-derived: SMD = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.27-0.91; spinal cord-derived: SMD = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.22-0.79) had similar efficacies on improved functional recovery; however, adult induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NSCs showed no significant efficacies. Furthermore, the use of higher doses of transplanted NSCs or the administration of immunosuppressive agents did not promote better locomotor function recovery (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21-0.70). However, shorter periods between the contusion induction and the NSC transplantation showed slightly higher efficacies (acute: SMD = 1.22; 95% CI: 0.81-1.63; subacute: SMD = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.42-1.09). For chronic injuries, NSC implantation did not significantly improve functional recovery (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI: -0.16 to 0.65). Conclusion NSC transplantation alone appears to be a positive yet limited method for the treatment of contusion SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuo-Ye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing; Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; Department of Neurosurgery, Huangshan City People's Hospital, Huangshan, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Teng-Da Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing; Department of Neurosurgery, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Shao A, Tu S, Lu J, Zhang J. Crosstalk between stem cell and spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and treatment strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:238. [PMID: 31387621 PMCID: PMC6683526 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The injured spinal cord is difficult to repair and regenerate. Traditional treatments are not effective. Stem cells are a type of cells that have the potential to differentiate into various cells, including neurons. They exert a therapeutic effect by safely and effectively differentiating into neurons or replacing damaged cells, secreting neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting the inflammatory response. Many types of stem cells have been used for transplantation, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, and the types of stem cells commonly used in experiments, to provide a reference for basic and clinical research on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Sheng Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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9
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Liao YJ, Tang PC, Lin CH, Chen LR, Yang JR. Porcine-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived osteoblast-like cells ameliorate trabecular bone mass of osteoporotic rats. Regen Med 2018; 13:659-671. [PMID: 30256173 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We created rat models of osteoporosis and verified a novel idea to recover bone mass via local cell transplantation. MATERIALS & METHODS The rats were treated with ovariectomy, 0.1% calcium diet or 3 mg/kg body weight/day of prednisolone and porcine-induced pluripotent stem cell (piPSC)-derived osteoblast-like cells were transplanted into the medullary cavity of the left femurs. RESULTS The piPSC-derived osteoblast-like cells exerted therapeutic potential on prednisolone treatment group, which confirmed by improvements in trabecular bone volume (15.93 ± 2.20%), bone surface/volume ratio (27.82 ± 1.40 1/mm), thickness (1.40 ± 0.01 mm), separation (0.99 ± 0.10 mm), number (1.13 ± 0.13 1/mm) and total porosity (84.06 ± 2.20%). CONCLUSION These results first uncovered therapeutic potential of xenotransplantation with piPSCs for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis treatment in the rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Liao
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan 71246, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- The iEGG & Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Center for the Integrative & Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ren Chen
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan 71246, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Rong Yang
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
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The Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Is Dose-Dependent and Can Be Facilitated by Repeated Application. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051503. [PMID: 29772841 PMCID: PMC5983761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) were used for the treatment of the ischemic-compression model of spinal cord injury in rats. To assess the effectivity of the treatment, different dosages (0.5 or 1.5 million cells) and repeated applications were compared. Cells or saline were applied intrathecally by lumbar puncture for one week only, or in three consecutive weeks after injury. Rats were assessed for locomotor skills (BBB, rotarod, flat beam) for 9 weeks. Spinal cord tissue was morphometrically analyzed for axonal sprouting, sparing of gray and white matter and astrogliosis. Endogenous gene expression (Gfap, Casp3, Irf5, Cd86, Mrc1, Cd163) was studied with quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR). Significant recovery of functional outcome was observed in all of the treated groups except for the single application of the lowest number of cells. Histochemical analyses revealed a gradually increasing effect of grafted cells, resulting in a significant increase in the number of GAP43+ fibers, a higher amount of spared gray matter and reduced astrogliosis. mRNA expression of macrophage markers and apoptosis was downregulated after the repeated application of 1.5 million cells. We conclude that the effect of hWJ-MSCs on spinal cord regeneration is dose-dependent and potentiated by repeated application.
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Yang C, Wang G, Ma F, Yu B, Chen F, Yang J, Feng J, Wang Q. Repeated injections of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly promotes functional recovery in rabbits with spinal cord injury of two noncontinuous segments. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:136. [PMID: 29751769 PMCID: PMC5948759 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are sustained by an increasing number of patients each year worldwide. The treatment of SCIs has long been a hard nut to crack for doctors around the world. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown benefits for the repair of SCI and recovery of function. Our present study aims to investigate the effects of intravenously infused human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) on functional recovery after subacute spinal cord compression injury of two noncontinuous segments. In addition, we compared the effects of single infusion and repeated intravenous (i.v.) injections on the recovery of spinal cord function. Methods A total of 43 adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control, single injection (SI), repeated injection at a 3-day (3RI) or repeated injection at a 7-day interval (7RI) groups. Non-immunosuppressed rabbits in the transplantation groups were infused with either a single complete dose or three divided doses of 2 × 106 hUCB-MSCs (3-day or 7-day intervals) on the first day post decompression. Behavioural scores and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used to evaluate hindlimb functional recovery. The survival and differentiation of the transplanted human cells and the activation of the host glial and inflammatory reaction in the injured spinal cord were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Results Our results showed that hUCB-MSCs survived, proliferated, and primarily differentiated into oligodendrocytes in the injured area. Treatment with hUCB-MSCs reduced the extent of astrocytic activation, increased axonal preservation, potentially promoted axonal regeneration, decreased the number of Iba-1+ and TUNEL+ cells, increased the amplitude and decreased the onset latency of SEPs and significantly promoted functional improvement. However, these effects were more pronounced in the 3RI group compared with the SI and 7RI groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that treatment with i.v. injected hUCB-MSCs after subacute spinal cord compression injury of two noncontinuous segments can promote functional recovery through the differentiation of hUCB-MSCs into specific cell types and the enhancement of anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, anti-apoptotic and axonal preservation effects. Furthermore, the recovery was more pronounced in the rabbits repeatedly injected with cells at 3-day intervals. The results of this study may provide a novel and useful treatment strategy for the transplantation treatment of SCI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0879-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoju Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Fancheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Use in Models of CNS Injury. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 66:89-102. [PMID: 30209655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are derived from differentiated cells by different reprogramming techniques, by introducing specific transcription factors responsible for pluripotency. Induced pluripotent stem cells can serve as an excellent source for differentiated neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPs). Several methods and protocols are utilized to create a robust number of NSCs/NPs without jeopardizing the safety issues required for in vivo applications. A variety of disease-specific iPS cells have been used to study nervous system diseases. In this chapter, we will focus on some of the derivation and differentiation approaches and the application of iPS-NPs in the treatment of spinal cord injury and stroke.
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13
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Liao YJ, Chen YS, Lee JX, Chen LR, Yang JR. Effects of Klf4 and c-Myc Knockdown on Pluripotency Maintenance in Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:640-646. [PMID: 29105400 PMCID: PMC5672104 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The importance of Oct4 and Sox2 in maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal is well-understood, but the
functions of Klf4 and c-Myc has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we attempted to determine the roles
of Klf4 and c-Myc on pluripotency maintenance of porcine induced pluripotent stem (piPS) cells.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we performed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down the
Klf4 and c-Myc functions of piPS cells and examined pluripotency markers and teratoma formation to evaluate piPS
cell pluripotency. The shRNA-Klf4 and shRNA-c-Myc vectors containing a reporter gene, TagFP635, were transfected
into piPS cells by lentivirus infection. The piPS cells fully expressing infrared fluorescence were selected to confirm
gene knockdown of Klf4 and c-Myc reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Next, for pluripotency
evaluation, expression of pluripotency markers was detected by immunocytochemical staining, and capability of teratoma
formation was investigated by piPS cell transplantation into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency
(NOD-SCID) mice.
Results Our findings indicated that Klf4 and c-Myc functions of piPS cells were knocked down by shRNA transfection,
and knockdown of Klf4 and c-Myc functions impaired expression of pluripotency markers such as Oct4, AP, SSEA-3,
SSEA-4, TRA-1-6, and TRA-1-81. Furthermore, piPS cells without Klf4 and c-Myc expression failed to form teratomas.
Conclusion The pluripotency of piPS cells are crucially dependent upon Klf4 and c-Myc expression. These findings,
suggesting potential mechanisms of Klf4 and c-Myc contribution to piPS cell formation, have important implications for
application, regulation, and tumorigenesis of piPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Liao
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chen
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ja-Xin Lee
- Hsinchu Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ren Chen
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Rong Yang
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan.
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14
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Vismara I, Papa S, Rossi F, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Current Options for Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:831-849. [PMID: 28811172 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex pathology that evolves after primary acute mechanical injury, causing further damage to the spinal cord tissue that exacerbates clinical outcomes. Based on encouraging results from preclinical experiments, some cell treatments being translated into clinical practice demonstrate promising and effective improvement in sensory/motor function. Combinatorial treatments of cell and drug/biological factors have been demonstrated to be more effective than cell treatments alone. Recent advances have led to the development of biomaterials aiming to promote in situ cell delivery for SCI, together with combinatorial strategies using drugs/biomolecules to achieve a maximized multitarget approach. This review provides an overview of single and combinatorial regenerative cell treatments as well as potential delivery options to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Vismara
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Simonetta Papa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
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15
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Ruzicka J, Machova-Urdzikova L, Gillick J, Amemori T, Romanyuk N, Karova K, Zaviskova K, Dubisova J, Kubinova S, Murali R, Sykova E, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. A Comparative Study of Three Different Types of Stem Cells for Treatment of Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:585-603. [PMID: 27938489 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different sources of human stem cells-bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), neural progenitors (NPs) derived from immortalized spinal fetal cell line (SPC-01), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-were compared in the treatment of a balloon-induced spinal cord compression lesion in rats. One week after lesioning, the rats received either BM-MSCs (intrathecally) or NPs (SPC-01 cells or iPSC-NPs, both intraspinally), or saline. The rats were assessed for their locomotor skills (BBB, flat beam test, and rotarod). Morphometric analyses of spared white and gray matter, axonal sprouting, and glial scar formation, as well as qPCR and Luminex assay, were conducted to detect endogenous gene expression, while inflammatory cytokine levels were performed to evaluate the host tissue response to stem cell therapy. The highest locomotor recovery was observed in iPSC-NP-grafted animals, which also displayed the highest amount of preserved white and gray matter. Grafted iPSC-NPs and SPC-01 cells significantly increased the number of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43+) axons, reduced astrogliosis, downregulated Casp3 expression, and increased IL-6 and IL-12 levels. hMSCs transiently decreased levels of inflammatory IL-2 and TNF-α. These findings correlate with the short survival of hMSCs, while NPs survived for 2 months and matured slowly into glia- and tissue-specific neuronal precursors. SPC-01 cells differentiated more in astroglial phenotypes with a dense structure of the implant, whereas iPSC-NPs displayed a more neuronal phenotype with a loose structure of the graft. We concluded that the BBB scores of iPSC-NP- and hMSC-injected rats were superior to the SPC-01-treated group. The iPSC-NP treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) provided the highest recovery of locomotor function due to robust graft survival and its effect on tissue sparing, reduction of glial scarring, and increased axonal sprouting.
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16
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Shiue YL, Yang JR, Liao YJ, Kuo TY, Liao CH, Kang CH, Tai C, Anderson GB, Chen LR. Derivation of porcine pluripotent stem cells for biomedical research. Theriogenology 2016; 86:176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Yousefifard M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Nasirinezhad F, Baikpour M, Safari S, Saadat S, Moghadas Jafari A, Asady H, Razavi Tousi SMT, Hosseini M. Neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation for spinal cord injury treatment; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience 2016; 322:377-97. [PMID: 26917272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the vast improvements of cell therapy in spinal cord injury treatment, no optimum protocol has been developed for application of neural stem/progenitor cells. In this regard, the present meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of the neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation depends mainly on injury model, intervention phase, transplanted cell count, immunosuppressive use, and probably stem cell source. Improved functional recovery post NSPC transplantation was found to be higher in transection and contusion models. Moreover, NSPC transplantation in acute phase of spinal injury was found to have better functional recovery. Higher doses (>3×10(6)cell/kg) were also shown to be optimum for transplantation, but immunosuppressive agent administration negatively affected the motor function recovery. Scaffold use in NSPC transplantation could also effectively raise functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yousefifard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - V Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Nasirinezhad
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Baikpour
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Safari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Saadat
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Moghadas Jafari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - H Asady
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S M T Razavi Tousi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Hosseini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Current status of neuronal cell xenotransplantation. Int J Surg 2015; 23:267-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a complex pathology often resulting in functional impairment and paralysis. Gene therapy has emerged as a possible solution to the problems of limited neural tissue regeneration through the administration of factors promoting axonal growth, while also offering long-term local delivery of therapeutic molecules at the injury site. Of note, gene therapy is our response to the requirements of neural and glial cells following spinal cord injury, providing, in a time-dependent manner, growth substances for axonal regeneration and eliminating axonal growth inhibitors. Herein, we explore different gene therapy strategies, including targeting gene expression to modulate the presence of neurotrophic growth or survival factors and increase neural tissue plasticity. Special attention is given to describing advances in viral and non-viral gene delivery systems, as well as the available routes of gene delivery. Finally, we discuss the future of combinatorial gene therapies and give consideration to the implementation of gene therapy in humans.
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20
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Abdanipour A, Tiraihi T, Taheri T. Intraspinal transplantation of motoneuron-like cell combined with delivery of polymer-based glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for repair of spinal cord contusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1003-13. [PMID: 25206752 PMCID: PMC4146307 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor transplantation combined with adipose-derived stem cells-transdifferentiated motoneuron delivery on spinal cord contusion injury, we developed rat models of spinal cord contusion injury, 7 days later, injected adipose-derived stem cells-transdifferentiated motoneurons into the epicenter, rostral and caudal regions of the impact site and simultaneously transplanted glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-gelfoam complex into the myelin sheath. Motoneuron-like cell transplantation combined with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery reduced cavity formations and increased cell density in the transplantation site. The combined therapy exhibited superior promoting effects on recovery of motor function to transplantation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, adipose-derived stem cells or motoneurons alone. These findings suggest that motoneuron-like cell transplantation combined with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery holds a great promise for repair of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdanipour
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center at Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taki Tiraihi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center at Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Taheri
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center at Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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