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Jager M, Errais W, Trichet M, Manuel M. Morphology and distribution of sensilla on head appendages in the water beetle Hygrobia hermanni (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Hygrobiidae). J Morphol 2024; 285:e21677. [PMID: 38361259 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sensilla on head appendages were studied in detail for the first time in a member of the relict family Hygrobiidae (squeak beetles), closely related to Dytiscidae (diving beetles). Adult and third instar larval stage specimens of Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) were examined using scanning electron microscopy, focusing on antennae, palps and larval mandibles. In total, 37 sensilla subtypes are described, including 22 observed in the adult (basiconica: 3; Böhm's bristles: 2; circumvallate sensilla: 2; coeloconica: 10; ovoid placodea: 3; digitiform placodea: 2) and 16 in the larva (basiconica: 4; campaniformia: 1; chaetica: 4; coeloconica: 5; trichodea: 1; unnamed: 1). Only one subtype (of sensilla coeloconica) was shared between the adult and the larva. Autapomorphies of Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae, and putatively shared derived characters (synapomorphies) of Hygrobiidae + Dytiscidae are discussed. Among the latter, the most remarkable is the acquisition of a special sensory field, located on the apical segment of the adult maxillary palp, subapically and postero-dorsally. This sensory field is made up of ovoid multiporous sensilla placodea otherwise present on the anterior (internal) surface of antennal segments, suggesting that in a common ancestor of Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae, maxillary palps might have taken over enhanced capacities of longe-range molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Jager
- MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Walid Errais
- MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Trichet
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de microscopie électronique (IBPS-SME), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Manuel
- MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Exploring Compound Eyes in Adults of Four Coleopteran Species Using Synchrotron X-ray Phase-Contrast Microtomography (SR-PhC Micro-CT). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050741. [PMID: 35629408 PMCID: PMC9145526 DOI: 10.3390/life12050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound eyes in insects are primary visual receptors of surrounding environments. They show considerable design variations, from the apposition vision of most day-active species to the superposition vision of nocturnal insects, that sacrifice resolution to increase sensitivity and are able to overcome the challenges of vision during lightless hours or in dim habitats. In this study, Synchrotron radiation X-ray phase-contrast microtomography was used to describe the eye structure of four coleopteran species, showing species-specific habitat demands and different feeding habits, namely the saproxylic Clinidium canaliculatum (Costa, 1839) (Rhysodidae), the omnivorous Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbest, 1797) (Tenebrionidae), and the generalist predator Pterostichus melas italicus (Dejean, 1828) (Carabidae). Virtual sections and 3D volume renderings of the heads were performed to evaluate the application and limitations of this technique for studying the internal dioptrical and sensorial parts of eyes, and to avoid time-consuming methods such as ultrastructural analyses and classic histology. Morphological parameters such as the area of the corneal facet lens and cornea, interocular distance, facet density and corneal lens thickness were measured, and differences among the studied species were discussed concerning the differences in lifestyle and habitat preferences making different demands on the visual system. Our imaging results provide, for the first time, morphological descriptions of the compound eyes in these species, supplementing their ecological and behavioural traits.
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Giglio A, Mazzei A, Vommaro ML, Brandmayr P. Antennal sensilla in an anophthalmic wood-dwelling species, Clinidium canaliculatum, Costa 1839 (Coleoptera, Rhysodidae). Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1005-1015. [PMID: 34676944 PMCID: PMC9298086 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The habit of feeding on slime moulds (Myxomycetes) commonly present in litter or dead wood requires specific morphological adaptations of the mouthparts and sensory structures involved in the search for habitat and food. In this study, the external morphology of antenna and its sensilla were studied using scanning electron microscopy in the saproxylic beetle, Clinidium canaliculatum, Costa 1839 (Coleoptera, Rhysodidae). Their moniliform antennae consist of a scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres. We identified seven different types of sensilla, according to their morphological characteristics: two types of sensilla chaetica (sc1 and 2), two types of sensilla basiconica (sb1 and 2), one type of sensilla campaniformia, one type of sensilla coeloconica, and Böhm sensilla. No sexual dimorphism was found regarding antennal morphology and sensilla type and distribution, except for the sensilla coeloconica. The functional role of these sensilla was discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution, and compared with the current knowledge on coleopteran sense organs. Results are basic information for further physiological and behavioral studies to identify their role in the selection of habitat, food, mates and oviposition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzei
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Vommaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Pietro Brandmayr
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Sitar C, Barbu-Tudoran L, Moldovan OT. Morphological and Micromorphological Description of the Larvae of Two Endemic Species of Duvalius (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:627. [PMID: 34356482 PMCID: PMC8301078 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The morphological and ultrastructural descriptions of the larvae of two cave species of Trechini-Duvalius (Hungarotrechus) subterraneus (L. Miller, 1868) and Duvalius (Biharotrechus) paroecus (J. Frivaldszkyi, 1865)-are presented in this paper. The interest in studying these larvae lays in their rarity and the limited distribution of the Duvalius species. The larvae were collected from caves in the Romanian Carpathians and were examined under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. New important taxonomical and fine morphological characteristics are discussed together with conclusions on the larvae microhabitat as part of the measures to be taken by a proper management of caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sitar
- Romanian Institute of Science and Technology, Saturn 24-26, 400504 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Zoological Museum, Babeș Bolyai University, Clinicilor 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș Bolyai University, Clinicilor 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- INCDTIM Cluj-Napoca, Str. Donath 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Teodora Moldovan
- Romanian Institute of Science and Technology, Saturn 24-26, 400504 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cluj, Emil Racovita Institute of Speleology, Clinicilor 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Faucheux MJ, Németh T, Hoffmannova J, Kundrata R. Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals the Antennal Micromorphology of Lamprodila ( Palmar) festiva (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an Invasive Pest of Ornamental Cupressaceae in Western Palaearctic. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110375. [PMID: 33158061 PMCID: PMC7694220 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The jewel-beetles, Buprestidae, comprise some economically important invasive pest species. The Cypress jewel beetle, Lamprodila (Palmar) festivafestiva (Linnaeus, 1767), is a new invasive pest of ornamental Cupressaceae, which has recently expanded its range from the Mediterranean region northwards to central and eastern Europe, and to the Russian Black Sea coast. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the morphology, numbers, distribution and possible functions of antennal sensilla in both sexes of L. festiva. In total, we identified 15 different (sub)types of sensilla, of which two are present only in females. We discuss possible functions of all examined sensilla and compare them with those in other Buprestidae or other insects. Our study should serve as background information for subsequent chemical ecology research focused mainly on the olfactory sensory system of this rapidly spreading invasive pest. Abstract The Cypress jewel beetle, Lamprodila (Palmar) festiva festiva (Linnaeus, 1767), is a serious invasive pest of ornamental Cupressaceae, which has recently expanded its range from the Mediterranean region northwards to central and eastern Europe, and to the Russian Black Sea coast. In this study, we conducted a scanning electron microscopy study of the micromorphology of the male and female antennae of L. festiva to examine the morphology, numbers, distribution, and possible functions of antennal sensilla. Most sensilla are located in the sensory fields within the apical depressions on antennomeres IV–XI. We identified four main types of antennal sensilla in L. festiva: sensilla chaetica (seven subtypes, of which two occur only in females), sensilla basiconica (five subtypes), multiporous grooved pegs (two subtypes), and Böhm sensilla. Females have relatively more sensilla chaetica and multiporous grooved pegs, whereas males have more sensilla basiconica. We discuss possible functions of all examined sensilla and compare them with those in other Buprestidae or other insects. Our study should serve as background information for advanced electrophysiological and behavioral experiments to better understand the functions of different sensilla and mechanisms related to semiochemically based pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J. Faucheux
- Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie des Insectes Sociaux, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, B.P. 92208, F-44322 Nantes CEDEX 03, France;
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross utca 13, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Johana Hoffmannova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
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Urcola JI, Benetti CJ, Alarie Y, Rodriguez G, Michat MC. Characterization and mapping of sensilla on the head appendages of noterid larvae (Coleoptera: Noteridae), and development of a preliminary biometric method for taxa delimitation. J Morphol 2020; 281:1210-1222. [PMID: 32865277 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of the burrowing water beetle family Noteridae are distributed worldwide and are often abundant in a broad range of aquatic habitats, playing an important role in structuring freshwater communities, yet they have remained among the most poorly studied groups of aquatic beetles. Studies on sensillar equipment of aquatic insect larvae are largely lacking, despite their potential use in phylogeny and biometric identification methods. In this article, the external morphology and distribution of sensilla on the head appendages of first instar larvae of selected genera of Noteridae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Seven main types were distinguished based on their morphological structure: basiconica (3 subtypes), campaniformia (2 subtypes), chaetica (7 subtypes), coeloconica (6 subtypes), coniform complex (2 subtypes), placodea, and styloconica (3 subtypes). The apex of the labial palpus was found to be the most variable and informative region in regard to the number, relative position, and topology of sensilla. Fingerprint models were, therefore, generated for this region in each of the studied genera, allowing their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Urcola
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Entomology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar J Benetti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGEnt), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Yves Alarie
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgina Rodriguez
- CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano C Michat
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Entomology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yang Y, Ren L, Xu L, Wang T, Zong S. Comparative morphology of sensilla on the antennae, maxillary and labial palps in different larval instars of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). ZOOL ANZ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Out of the burrow and into the nest: Functional anatomy of three life history stages of Ozaena lemoulti (Coleoptera: Carabidae) reveals an obligate life with ants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209790. [PMID: 30650132 PMCID: PMC6334910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The carabid subfamily Paussinae contains many species known to be obligately associated with ants during at least one stage of their life history. Myrmecophilous larvae have been documented for members of the tribe Paussini as well as several genera in the tribes Ozaenini, including Physea and Eustra. Here we describe the first instar larva of Ozaena lemoulti, and find it to be the most highly modified ozaenine larva that we have examined to date. Many structures of the larva suggest that it is a myrmecophile. Unlike all other described ozaenine larvae, which live in burrows that they construct and seal with their terminal disk, the completely unique larval morphology suggests Ozaena has adapted to living without the protection of a burrow and therefore must have a completely different feeding strategy than the typical ambush strategy of burrow dwelling larvae. We hypothesize that Ozaena larvae live in association with ants and use their long legs for running within the nest, and modifications of the mouthparts suggest the larva feeds on soft lightly sclerotized prey, such as ant brood. Our findings support an earlier hypothesis that Ozaena is mymecophilous during the adult stage. Comparisons of the functional anatomy of the eggs, larvae and adult between Ozaena lemoulti and the closely related, non-myrmecophilous general arthropod predator, Goniotropis kuntzeni, provide complementary, yet independent, evidence suggestive of this shift in lifestyle. We also examine and molecularly identify gut contents, providing direct evidence that adult Ozaena exclusively eat Camponotus ants. We conclude that Ozaena represents an independent shift to adopting a life of myrmecophily among beetles classified within the carabid subfamily Paussinae and document the morphological changes at each life history stage associated with the shift to a nest parasite lifestyle.
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Xu L, Zhang L, Yang Y, Ren L, Wang T, Zong S. Morphology of antennal, maxillary palp and labial palp sensilla in different larval instars of the Asian long-horned beetle,Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lili Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Mentougou Forestry Station; Beijing 102300 China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
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Panov AA. General brain structure of newly hatched larva and neuroblasts in larval mushroom bodies in Pterostichus niger Deg. (Coleoptera: Carabidae). BIOL BULL+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359015050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Eilers EJ, Talarico G, Hansson BS, Hilker M, Reinecke A. Sensing the underground--ultrastructure and function of sensory organs in root-feeding Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) larvae. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41357. [PMID: 22848471 PMCID: PMC3405142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Below ground orientation in insects relies mainly on olfaction and taste. The economic impact of plant root feeding scarab beetle larvae gave rise to numerous phylogenetic and ecological studies. Detailed knowledge of the sensory capacities of these larvae is nevertheless lacking. Here, we present an atlas of the sensory organs on larval head appendages of Melolontha melolontha. Our ultrastructural and electrophysiological investigations allow annotation of functions to various sensory structures. RESULTS Three out of 17 ascertained sensillum types have olfactory, and 7 gustatory function. These sensillum types are unevenly distributed between antennae and palps. The most prominent chemosensory organs are antennal pore plates that in total are innervated by approximately one thousand olfactory sensory neurons grouped into functional units of three-to-four. In contrast, only two olfactory sensory neurons innervate one sensillum basiconicum on each of the palps. Gustatory sensilla chaetica dominate the apices of all head appendages, while only the palps bear thermo-/hygroreceptors. Electrophysiological responses to CO(2), an attractant for many root feeders, are exclusively observed in the antennae. Out of 54 relevant volatile compounds, various alcohols, acids, amines, esters, aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes elicit responses in antennae and palps. All head appendages are characterized by distinct olfactory response profiles that are even enantiomer specific for some compounds. CONCLUSIONS Chemosensory capacities in M. melolontha larvae are as highly developed as in many adult insects. We interpret the functional sensory units underneath the antennal pore plates as cryptic sensilla placodea and suggest that these perceive a broad range of secondary plant metabolites together with CO(2). Responses to olfactory stimulation of the labial and maxillary palps indicate that typical contact chemo-sensilla have a dual gustatory and olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Eilers
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Berlin, Germany.
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Giglio A, Perrotta E, Talarico F, Zetto Brandmayr T, Ferrero EA. Sensilla on maxillary and labial palps in a helicophagous ground beetle larva (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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