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Wang Y, Wan T, Wang Y, Zhao P, Liu Y. Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301445. [PMID: 38771816 PMCID: PMC11108147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae) is an insect that has medicinal and esthetical importance, and being a natural enemy for many insects, the species is used as a biological control agent. In this publication, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the fine morphology of antennae of males and females of this species. The antennae of both sexes are filiform and consist of three parts: scape, pedicel, and flagellum (differing in the number of segments). Based on the external morphology and the sensilla distribution, the antennal flagellum is could be divided into five regions. Seven sensilla types and eleven subtypes of sensilla were observed: grooved peg sensillum (Sgp), Bohm bristles (Bb), basiconic sensillum (Sb), trichoid sensillum (StI, StII), campaniform sensillum (Sca), chaetic sensillum (ScI, ScII, ScIII), and coeloconic sensillum (ScoI, ScoII). In Mantodea, the ScoII is observed for the first time, and it is located on the tip of the flagellum. The external structure and distribution of these sensilla are compared to those of other insects and possible functions of the antennal sensilla are discussed. The males and females of the mantis could be distinguished by the length of antennae and number of Sgp. Males have antennae about 1.5 times longer and have significantly larger number of Sgp compared to females. The sexual difference in distribution of the Sgp suggests that this type of sensilla may play a role in sex-pheromones detection in mantis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shangluo Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials Integrated Pest Management, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Cui Y, Béthoux O, Klass KD, Ren D. The Jurassic Bajanzhargalanidae (Insecta: Grylloblattida?): New genera and species, and data on postabdominal morphology. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2015; 44:688-716. [PMID: 25979677 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The presumed phylogenetic link between extant ice-crawlers (Grylloblattidae = 'crown-Grylloblattida') and fossil species of the taxon concept Grylloblattida sensu Storozhenko (2002) is essentially based on postabdominal morphology. However, the fossil data are limited, and the interpretation is open to debate. Here we investigate a sample of a poorly known fossil 'grylloblattidan' family, the Bajanzhargalanidae, collected from the Daohugou locality (Middle Jurassic, China). We describe Sinonele fangi gen. nov., sp. nov., Sinonele hei gen. nov., sp. nov., Sinonele phasmoides gen. nov., sp. nov., and Sinonele mini gen. nov., sp. nov. Thanks to the abundance and exceptional preservation of the material, we could document wing venation intra-specific variability, provide cues to identify male and female individuals, describe and tentatively interpret various body structures of both sexes, and discuss them with a broad pterygotan phylogenetic perspective. The Bajanzhargalanidae exhibit a puzzling combination of postabdominal characters leaving us inconclusive on their affinities, or lack thereof, with crown-Grylloblattida. Our contribution suggests that a substantial effort will be needed to further investigate postabdominal structures from comparatively ancient fossil insects preserved as rock imprints, because of their broad morphological disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cui
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 10048 Beijing, China; Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Institute of Geology, Department of Palaeontology, Bernhard-von-Cotta Str. 2, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Béthoux
- Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P, UMR 7207), Sorbonne Universités - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris6 - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, CP38, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Klaus-Dieter Klass
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 10048 Beijing, China.
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Chang XQ, Zhang S, Lv L, Wang MQ. Insight Into the Ultrastructure of Antennal Sensilla of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:124. [PMID: 26363060 PMCID: PMC4672215 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walk), is one of the most serious pests of cereals in Asia and Australasia. The structure and distribution of the antennal sensilla of M. separata were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that antennae of both female and male M. separata are filiform in shape. Three groups and seven morphological sensillum types were recorded in both sexes, including uniporous sensilla (sensilla chaetica), multiporous sensilla (sensilla trichodea, basiconica, coeloconica, and styloconica), and aporous sensilla (sensilla squamiformia and Böhm bristles). S. trichodea, which were the most abundant sensilla, was made of three subtypes (ST I, ST II, and ST III) according to external features and two subtypes of s. basiconica (SB I and SB II) and s. coeloconica (SCo I and SCo II) were identified, respectively. Sexual dimorphisms in sensilla of M. separata were mainly perceived as the variations in the numbers of several sensilla subtypes. Also, the possible functions of the antennal sensilla were discussed. These results contribute to our understanding of the function of antennae in the behavior of M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qian Chang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection & Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection & Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lv
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection & Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Ramirez-Esquivel F, Zeil J, Narendra A. The antennal sensory array of the nocturnal bull ant Myrmecia pyriformis. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:543-558. [PMID: 25102426 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Insects use antennal sensilla to not only detect chemical and mechanical cues but also to sense changes in temperature, humidity and CO(2) levels. Very little is known about the variation in numbers, size and structure of sensilla in ants. Here we describe in detail the array of sensilla on the apical segment of the antennae of the nocturnal Australian bull ant Myrmecia pyriformis. Using scanning electron microscopy techniques we identified eight types of sensilla: trichodea curvata, basiconica, trichodea, coelocapitular, chaetica, trichoid II, ampullacea and coeloconica. Mapping the spatial location of each sensillum revealed distinct distribution patterns for different types of sensilla which were consistent across different individuals. We found, in most cases, the number of sensilla increases with the size of the apical antennomere, which in turn increases with body size. Conversely, the size of sensilla did not appreciably increase with the size of the apical antennomere. We discuss the size, numbers and distribution of sensilla of M. pyriformis compared to other ant species. Lastly, given the inconsistent use of sensillum nomenclature and difficulties associated in reliable identification we have attempted to consolidate the ant sensilla literature to make possible interspecific comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Ramirez-Esquivel
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Jochen Zeil
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Ajay Narendra
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Roth S, Molina J, Predel R. Biodiversity, ecology, and behavior of the recently discovered insect order Mantophasmatodea. Front Zool 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s12983-014-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Carle T, Toh Y, Yamawaki Y, Watanabe H, Yokohari F. The antennal sensilla of the praying mantis Tenodera aridifolia: a new flagellar partition based on the antennal macro-, micro- and ultrastructures. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:103-16. [PMID: 24231672 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In insects, the antenna consists of a scapus, a pedicellus, and a flagellum comprising many segments (flagellomeres). These segments possess many morphological types of sensory organs (sensilla) to process multimodal sensory information. We observed the sensilla on flagellomeres in praying mantis (Tenodera aridifolia) with both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. We classified the sensilla into six types: chaetic, campaniform, coelocapitular, basiconic, trichoid and grooved peg sensilla, and inferred their presumptive functions on the basis of their external and internal structures. In addition, based on their distribution, we newly divided the flagellum into 6 distinct parts. This new division leads to a better understanding about the sexual dimorphism and the antennal development in the mantises. The sexual difference in distribution of the grooved peg sensilla suggests that this type of sensilla may play a role in sex-pheromone detection in mantis, which is a rare case of double-walled sensilla mediating this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Carle
- Division of Biology, Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Toh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamawaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Watanabe
- Division of Biology, Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Fumio Yokohari
- Division of Biology, Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Sympatry in Mantophasmatodea, with the description of a new species and phylogenetic considerations. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-010-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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