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Nousheen K, Din FU, Jamshaid H, Afza R, Khan SU, Malik M, Ali Z, Batool S, Zeb A, Yousaf AM, Almari AH, Alqahtani S, Khan S, Khan GM. Metformin HCl-loaded transethosomal gel; development, characterization, and antidiabetic potential evaluation in the diabetes-induced rat model. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2251720. [PMID: 37649375 PMCID: PMC10472853 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2251720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we designed, optimized, and characterized the Metformin Hydrochloride Transethosomes (MTF-TES) and incorporate them into Chitosan gel to develop Metformin Hydrochloride loaded Transethosomal gel (MTF-TES gel) that provides a sustained release, improved transdermal flux and improved antidiabetic response of MTF. Design Expert® software (Ver. 12, Stat-Ease, USA) was applied for the statistical optimization of MTF-TES. The formulation with Mean Particle Size Distribution (MPSD) of 165.4 ± 2.3 nm, Zeta Potential (ZP) of -21.2 ± 1.9 mV, Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.169 ± 0.033, and MTF percent Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) of 89.76 ± 4.12 was considered to be optimized. To check the chemical incompatibility among the MTF and other formulation components, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed and demonstrated with no chemical interaction. Surface morphology, uniformity, and segregation were evaluated through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical and round in form with intact borders. The fabricated MTF-TES has shown sustained release followed by a more pronounced effect in MTF-TES gel as compared to the plain MTF solution (MTFS) at a pH of 7.4. The MTF-TES has shown enhanced permeation followed by MTF-TES gel as compared to the MTFS at a pH of 7.4. In vivo antidiabetic assay was performed and results have shown improved antidiabetic potential of the MTF-TES gel, in contrast to MTF-gel. Conclusively, MTF-TES is a promising anti-diabetic candidate for transdermal drug delivery that can provide sustained MTF release and enhanced antidiabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Nousheen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanomedicine Research Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanomedicine Research Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humzah Jamshaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanomedicine Research Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Afza
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsada, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanomedicine Research Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanomedicine Research Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanomedicine Research Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mehmood Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ali H. Almari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanomedicine Research Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanomedicine Research Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Anjum A, Shabbir K, Din FU, Shafique S, Zaidi SS, Almari A, Alqahtani T, Maryiam A, Moneeb Khan M, Al Fatease A, Bashir S, Khan GM. Co-delivery of amphotericin B and pentamidine loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2173335. [PMID: 36722301 PMCID: PMC9897754 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2173335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is preferable route over systemic delivery in case of Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Among the available agents, amphotericin B (AmB) and pentamidine (PTM) showed promising result against CL. However, monotherapy is associated with incidences of reoccurrence and resistance. Combination therapy is therefore recommended. Thin film hydration method was employed for amphotericin B-pentamidine loaded niosomes (AmB-PTM-NIO) preparation followed by their incorporation into chitosan gel. The optimization of AmB-PTM-NIO was done via Box Behnken Design method and in vitro and ex vivo analysis was performed. The optimized formulation indicated 226 nm particle size (PS) with spherical morphology, 0.173 polydispersity index (PDI), -36 mV zeta potential (ZP) and with entrapment efficiency (EE) of 91% (AmB) and 79% (PTM), respectively. The amphotericin B-pentamidine loaded niosomal gel (AmB-PTM-NIO-Gel) showed desirable characteristics including physicochemical properties, pH (5.1 ± 0.15), viscosity (31870 ± 25 cP), and gel spreadability (280 ± 26.46%). In vitro release of the AmB and PTM from AmB-PTM-NIO and AmB-PTM-NIO-Gel showed more prolonged release behavior as compared to their respective drug solution. Higher skin penetration, greater percentage inhibition and lower IC50 against the promastigotes shows that AmB-PTM-NIO has better antileishmanial activity. The obtained findings suggested that the developed AmB-PTM-NIO-Gel has excellent capability of permeation via skin layers, sustained release profile and augmented anti-leishmanial outcome of the incorporated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Anjum
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Shabbir
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,CONTACT Fakhar Ud Din
| | - Shumaila Shafique
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi
| | - Syed Saoud Zaidi
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi
| | - Ali H Almari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleena Maryiam
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moneeb Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Bashir
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan,Gul Majid Khan Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Rasool M, Mazhar D, Afzal I, Zeb A, Khan S, Ali H. In vitro and in vivo characterization of Miconazole Nitrate loaded transethosomes for the treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123563. [PMID: 37907141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate Miconazole Nitrate transethosomes (MCZN TESs) embedded in chitosan-based gel for the topical treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. A thin film hydration method was employed to formulate MCZN TESs. The prepared MCZN TESs were optimized and analyzed for their physicochemical properties including particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), deformability, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro release, skin permeation and deposition, skin irritation, antifungal assay, and in vivo efficacy against infected rats were evaluated. The optimized MCZN TESs showed PS of 224.8 ± 5.1 nm, ZP 21.1 ± 1.10 mV, PDI 0.207 ± 0.009, and % EE 94.12 ± 0.101 % with sustained drug release profile. Moreover, MCZN TESs Gel exhibited desirable pH, spreadability, and viscosity. Notably, the penetration and deposition capabilities of MCZN TESs Gel showed a 4-fold enhancement compared to MCZN TESs. Importantly, in vitro antifungal assay elaborated MCZN TESs Gel anti-fungal activity was 2.38-fold more compared to MCZN Gel. In vivo, studies showed a 1.5 times reduction in the duration of treatment MCZN TESs Gel treated animal group. Therefore, studies demonstrated that MCZN TESs could be a suitable drug delivery system with higher penetration and good antifungal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Danish Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Afzal
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Bashir S, Shabbir K, Din FU, Khan SU, Ali Z, Khan BA, Kim DW, Khan GM. Nitazoxanide and quercetin co-loaded nanotransfersomal gel for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with macrophage targeting and enhanced anti-leishmanial effect. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21939. [PMID: 38027656 PMCID: PMC10661431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anti-leishmanial medications administered by oral and parenteral routes are less effective for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and cause toxicity, hence targeted drug delivery is an efficient way to improve drug availability for CL with reduced toxicity. This study aimed to develop, characterize and evaluate nitazoxanide and quercetin co-loaded nanotransfersomal gel (NTZ-QUR-NTG) for the treatment of CL. Methods NTZ-QUR-NT were prepared by thin film hydration method and were statistically optimized using Box-Behnken design. To ease the topical delivery and enhance the retention time, the NTZ-QUR-NT were dispersed in 2 % chitosan gel. Moreover, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo permeation, macrophage uptake, cytotoxicity and anti-leishmanial assays were performed. Results The optimized formulation indicated mean particle size 210 nm, poly dispersity index (PDI) 0.16, zeta potential (ZP) -15.1 mV and entrapment efficiency (EE) of NTZ and QUR was 88 % and 85 %, respectively. NTZ-QUR-NT and NTZ-QUR-NTG showed sustained release of the incorporated drugs as compared to the drug dispersions. Skin permeation of NTZ and QUR in NTZ-QUR-NTG was 4 times higher in comparison to the plain gels. The NTZ-QUR-NT cell internalization was almost 10-folds higher than NTZ-QUR dispersion. The cytotoxicity potential (CC50) of NTZ-QUR-NT (71.95 ± 3.32 μg/mL) was reduced as compared to NTZ-QUR dispersion (49.77 ± 2.15 μg/mL. A synergistic interaction was found between NTZ and QUR. Moreover, in-vitro anti-leishmanial assay presented a lower IC50 value of NTZ-QUR-NT as compared to NTZ-QUR dispersion. Additionally, a significantly reduced lesion size was observed in NTZ-QUR-NTG treated BALB/c mice, indicating its antileishmanial potential. Conclusion It can be concluded that nanotransfersomal gel has the capability to retain and permeate the incorporated drugs through stratum corneum and induce synergetic anti-leishmanial effect of NTZ and QUR against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Bashir
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Shabbir
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsada, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Ali
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Drugs Design and Cosmetics Lab (DDCL), Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Luo X, Saleem A, Shafique U, Sarwar S, Ullah K, Imran M, Zeb A, Din FU. Rivaroxaban-loaded SLNs with treatment potential of deep vein thrombosis: in-vitro, in-vivo, and toxicity evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:625-637. [PMID: 37366661 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2231069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rivaroxaban (RXB), a novel Xa inhibitor having groundbreaking therapeutic potential. However, this drug is associated with few limitations, including its pharmacokinetics related toxicities. Here, we developed RXB-loaded SLNs (RXB-SLNs) to improve its biopharmaceutical profile. Methods: High pressure homogenizer was used to prepare RXB-SLNs, followed by their particle characterization, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DSC), and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Beside this, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo evaluation, prothrombin time assessment and toxicity was investigated. RESULTS RXB-SLNs had their particle size in nano range (99.1 ± 5.50 nm) with excellent morphology and low polydispersity index (0.402 ± 0.02) and suitable zeta potential (-25.9 ± 1.4 mV). The incorporation efficiency was observed around 95.9 ± 3.9%. In-vitro release profiles of the RXB-SLNs exhibited enhanced dissolution (89 ± 9.91%) as compared to pure drug (11 ± 1.43%) after 24 h of the study. PK study demonstrated a seven times enhanced bioavailability of RXB-SLNs when compared with pure drug. Furthermore, RXB-SLNs exhibited an expressive anti-coagulant behavior in human and rat blood plasma. Also, the final formulation exhibited no toxicity after oral administration of the SLNs. CONCLUSIONS All together, these studies revealed the capability of the SLNs for carrying the RXB with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and no toxicity, most importantly for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Mianzhu Peoples Hospital of Sichuan, Mianzhu, Sichuan, China
| | - Aiman Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uswa Shafique
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sarwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kalim Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mishra VS, Tiwari P, Gupta M, Gupta PK. An update on lipid-based nanodrug delivery systems for leishmaniasis treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1417-1419. [PMID: 37655595 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based nanodrug delivery systems hold considerable promise in therapeutic intervention for leishmaniasis by enhancing drug solubility and targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Sunil Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Preeti Tiwari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, MB Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
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Pourtalebi Jahromi L, Rothammer M, Fuhrmann G. Polysaccharide hydrogel platforms as suitable carriers of liposomes and extracellular vesicles for dermal applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115028. [PMID: 37517778 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for their application in drug delivery. Particularly, liposomes are now clinically established for treating various diseases such as fungal infections. In contrast, extracellular vesicles (EVs) - small cell-derived nanoparticles involved in cellular communication - have just recently sparked interest as drug carriers but their development is still at the preclinical level. To drive this development further, the methods and technologies exploited in the context of liposome research should be applied in the domain of EVs to facilitate and accelerate their clinical translation. One of the crucial steps for EV-based therapeutics is designing them as proper dosage forms for specific applications. This review offers a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art polysaccharide-based hydrogel platforms designed for artificial and natural vesicles with application in drug delivery to the skin. We discuss their various physicochemical and biological properties and try to create a sound basis for the optimization of EV-embedded hydrogels as versatile therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pourtalebi Jahromi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Rothammer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; FAU NeW, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Squittieri R, Baldino L, Reverchon E. Production of Antioxidant Transfersomes by a Supercritical CO 2 Assisted Process for Transdermal Delivery Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1812. [PMID: 37368242 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Transfersomes are deformable vesicles that can transport drugs across difficult-to-permeate barriers in human tissues. In this work, nano-transfersomes were produced for the first time by a supercritical CO2 assisted process. Operating at 100 bar and 40 °C, different amounts of phosphatidylcholine (2000 and 3000 mg), kinds of edge activators (Span® 80 and Tween® 80), and phosphatidylcholine to edge activator weight ratio (95:5, 90:10, 80:20) were tested. Formulations prepared using Span® 80 and phosphatidylcholine at an 80:20 weight ratio produced stable transfersomes (-30.4 ± 2.4 mV ζ-potential) that were characterized by a mean diameter of 138 ± 55 nm. A prolonged ascorbic acid release of up to 5 h was recorded when the largest amount of phosphatidylcholine (3000 mg) was used. Moreover, a 96% ascorbic acid encapsulation efficiency and a quasi-100% DPPH radical scavenging activity of transfersomes were measured after supercritical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Squittieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Research Center for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Research Center for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Sasidharan S, Saudagar P. An anti-leishmanial compound 4',7-dihydroxyflavone elicits ROS-mediated apoptosis-like death in Leishmania parasite. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 36871140 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The treatment for leishmaniasis is currently plagued by side effects such as toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance to the available repertoire of drugs, as well as the expense of these drugs. Considering such rising concerns, we report the anti-leishmanial activity and mechanism of a flavone compound 4',7-dihydroxyflavone (TI 4). Four flavanoids were initially screened for anti-leishmanial activity and cytotoxicity. The results showed that the compound TI 4 exhibited higher activity and selectivity index at the same time as maintaining low cytotoxicity. Preliminary microscopic studies and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis reported that the parasite underwent apoptosis on TI 4 treatment. Further in-depth studies revealed high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and thiol levels in the parasites, suggesting ROS-mediated apoptosis in the parasites upon TI 4 treatment. Other apoptotic indicators such as intracellular Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential also indicated the onset of apoptosis in the treated parasites. The mRNA expression levels signified that the redox metabolism genes were upregulated by two-fold along with the apoptotic genes. In summary, the use of TI 4 on Leishmania parasites induces ROS-mediated apoptosis; therefore, the compound has immense potential to be an anti-leishmanial drug. However, in vivo studies would be required to ascertain its safety and efficacy before we can exploit the compound against the growing leishmaniasis crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Sasidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - Prakash Saudagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
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Ataide JA, Coco JC, dos Santos ÉM, Beraldo-Araujo V, Silva JRA, de Castro KC, Lopes AM, Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Torchilin VP, Mazzola PG. Co-Encapsulation of Drugs for Topical Application-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031449. [PMID: 36771111 PMCID: PMC9921006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving the best possible outcome for the therapy is the main goal of a medicine. Therefore, nanocarriers and co-delivery strategies were invented to meet this need, as they can benefit many diseases. This approach was applied specifically for cancer treatment, with some success. However, these strategies may benefit many other clinical issues. Skin is the largest and most exposed organ of the human body, with physiological and psychological properties. Due to its exposition and importance, it is not difficult to understand how many skin diseases may impact on patients' lives, representing an important burden for society. Thus, this review aims to summarize the state of the art in research concerning nanocarriers and co-delivery strategies for topical agents' applications targeting skin diseases. The challenge for the medicine of the future is to deliver the drug with spatial and temporal control. Therefore, the co-encapsulation of drugs and the appropriate form of administration for them are so important and remain as unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Artem Ataide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Cedran Coco
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | - Érica Mendes dos Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Beraldo-Araujo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Moreni Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-373-3206; Fax: +1-617-373-8886
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
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11
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Yang W. Co-delivery of trifluralin and miltefosin with enhanced skin penetration and localization in Leishmania affected macrophages. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2159833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yang
- Clinical Nursing Higher Vocational Education, Weinan Vocational & Technical College, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, China
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12
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Development and In Vitro/ Ex Vivo Evaluation of Lecithin-Based Deformable Transfersomes and Transfersome-Based Gels for Combined Dermal Delivery of Meloxicam and Dexamethasone. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8170318. [PMID: 36483631 PMCID: PMC9726271 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8170318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Transfersomes (TFS) are the promising carriers for transdermal delivery of various low and high molecular weight drugs, owing to their self-regulating and self-optimizing nature. Herein, we report synthesis and characterization of TFS loaded with meloxicam (MLX), an NSAID, and dexamethasone (DEX), a steroid, for simultaneous transdermal delivery. The different formulations of TFS containing varying amounts of lecithin, Span 80, and Tween 80 (TFS-1 to TFS-6) were successfully prepared by thin-film hydration method. The size of ranged between 248 and 273 nm, zeta potential values covering from -62.6 to -69.5 mV, polydispersity index (PDI) values in between 0.329 and 0.526, and entrapment efficiency of MLX and DEX ranged between 63-96% and 48-81%, respectively. Release experiments at pH 7.4 demonstrated higher cumulative drug release attained with Tween 80 compared to Span 80-based TFS. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of selected formulations -1 and TFS-3 revealed spherical shape of vesicles. Furthermore, three optimized transfersomal formulations (based on entrapment efficiency, TFS-1, TFS-3, and TFS-5) were incorporated into carbopol-940 gels coded as TF-G1, TF-G3, and TF-G5. These transfersomal gels were subjected to pH, spreadability, viscosity, homogeneity, skin irritation, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo skin permeation studies, and the results were compared with plain (nontransfersomal) gel having MLX and DEX. TFS released 71.72% to 81.87% MLX in 12 h; whereas, DEX release was quantified as 74.72% to 83.72% in same time. Nevertheless, TF-based gels showed slower drug release; 51.54% to 59.60% for MLX and 48.98% to 61.23% for DEX. The TF-G systems showed 85.87% permeation of MLX (TF-G1), 68.15% (TF-G3), and 68.94% (TF-G5); whereas, 78.59%, 70.54%, and 75.97% of DEX was permeated by TF-G1, TF-G3, and TF-G5, respectively. Kinetic modeling of release and permeation data indicated to follow Korsmeyer-Peppas model showing diffusion diffusion-based drug moment. Conversely, plain gel influx was found mere 26.18% and 22.94% for MLX and DEX, respectively. These results suggest that TF-G loaded with MLX and DEX can be proposed as an alternate drug carriers for improved transdermal flux that will certainly increase therapeutic outcomes.
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13
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Khalid H, Batool S, Din FU, Khan S, Khan GM. Macrophage targeting of nitazoxanide-loaded transethosomal gel in cutaneous leishmaniasis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 36249328 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cfxpnvx7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Topical delivery is preferable over systemic delivery for cutaneous leishmaniasis, because of its easy administration, reduced systemic adverse effects and low cost. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has broad-spectrum activity against various parasites and has the potential to avoid drug resistance developed by enzymatic mutations. NTZ oral formulation is associated with severe dyspepsia and stomach pain. Herein, NTZ-transethosomes (NTZ-TES) were prepared and loaded into chitosan gel (NTZ-TEG) for topical delivery. NTZ-TES were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized statistically via the Box-Behnken method. The optimized formulation indicated excellent particle size (176 nm), polydispersity index (0.093), zeta potential (-26.4 mV) and entrapment efficiency (86%). The transmission electron microscopy analysis showed spherical-sized particles and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated no interaction among the excipients. Similarly, NTZ-TEG showed optimal pH, desirable viscosity and good spreadability. NTZ-TES and NTZ-TEG showed prolonged release behaviour and higher skin penetration and deposition in the epidermal/dermal layer of skin in comparison with the NTZ-dispersion. Moreover, NTZ-TES showed higher percentage inhibition, lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against promastigotes and higher macrophage uptake. Additionally, skin irritation and histopathology studies indicated the safe and non-irritant behaviour of the NTZ-TEG. The obtained findings suggested the enhanced skin permeation and improved anti-leishmanial effect of NTZ when administered as NTZ-TEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Khalid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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14
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Khalid H, Batool S, Din FU, Khan S, Khan GM. Macrophage targeting of nitazoxanide-loaded transethosomal gel in cutaneous leishmaniasis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 36249328 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6214720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Topical delivery is preferable over systemic delivery for cutaneous leishmaniasis, because of its easy administration, reduced systemic adverse effects and low cost. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has broad-spectrum activity against various parasites and has the potential to avoid drug resistance developed by enzymatic mutations. NTZ oral formulation is associated with severe dyspepsia and stomach pain. Herein, NTZ-transethosomes (NTZ-TES) were prepared and loaded into chitosan gel (NTZ-TEG) for topical delivery. NTZ-TES were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized statistically via the Box-Behnken method. The optimized formulation indicated excellent particle size (176 nm), polydispersity index (0.093), zeta potential (-26.4 mV) and entrapment efficiency (86%). The transmission electron microscopy analysis showed spherical-sized particles and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated no interaction among the excipients. Similarly, NTZ-TEG showed optimal pH, desirable viscosity and good spreadability. NTZ-TES and NTZ-TEG showed prolonged release behaviour and higher skin penetration and deposition in the epidermal/dermal layer of skin in comparison with the NTZ-dispersion. Moreover, NTZ-TES showed higher percentage inhibition, lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against promastigotes and higher macrophage uptake. Additionally, skin irritation and histopathology studies indicated the safe and non-irritant behaviour of the NTZ-TEG. The obtained findings suggested the enhanced skin permeation and improved anti-leishmanial effect of NTZ when administered as NTZ-TEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Khalid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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15
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Khalid H, Batool S, Din FU, Khan S, Khan GM. Macrophage targeting of nitazoxanide-loaded transethosomal gel in cutaneous leishmaniasis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220428. [PMID: 36249328 PMCID: PMC9532992 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Topical delivery is preferable over systemic delivery for cutaneous leishmaniasis, because of its easy administration, reduced systemic adverse effects and low cost. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has broad-spectrum activity against various parasites and has the potential to avoid drug resistance developed by enzymatic mutations. NTZ oral formulation is associated with severe dyspepsia and stomach pain. Herein, NTZ-transethosomes (NTZ-TES) were prepared and loaded into chitosan gel (NTZ-TEG) for topical delivery. NTZ-TES were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized statistically via the Box-Behnken method. The optimized formulation indicated excellent particle size (176 nm), polydispersity index (0.093), zeta potential (-26.4 mV) and entrapment efficiency (86%). The transmission electron microscopy analysis showed spherical-sized particles and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated no interaction among the excipients. Similarly, NTZ-TEG showed optimal pH, desirable viscosity and good spreadability. NTZ-TES and NTZ-TEG showed prolonged release behaviour and higher skin penetration and deposition in the epidermal/dermal layer of skin in comparison with the NTZ-dispersion. Moreover, NTZ-TES showed higher percentage inhibition, lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against promastigotes and higher macrophage uptake. Additionally, skin irritation and histopathology studies indicated the safe and non-irritant behaviour of the NTZ-TEG. The obtained findings suggested the enhanced skin permeation and improved anti-leishmanial effect of NTZ when administered as NTZ-TEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Khalid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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16
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Jamshaid H, Din FU, Malik M, Mukhtiar M, Choi HG, Ur-Rehman T, Khan GM. A cutback in Imiquimod cutaneous toxicity; comparative cutaneous toxicity analysis of Imiquimod nanotransethosomal gel with 5% marketed cream on the BALB/c mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14244. [PMID: 35987944 PMCID: PMC9392762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, Imiquimod (IMQ) was incorporated in nanotransethosomes (nTES) to develop the IMQ-nTES nano-drug delivery system. IMQ-nTES was optimized using 23 factorial design. The optimized formulation was expressed with a particle size of 192.4 ± 1.60 nm, Poly-dispersibility of 0.115 ± 0.008, and IMQ percent entrapment efficiency of 91.05 ± 3.22%. Smooth and round morphology of IMQ-nTES vesicles was confirmed by TEM micrographs. Moreover, FTIR results have shown drug-excipient compatibility. The IMQ-nTES was laden inside the low molecular weight chitosan gel, which exhibited easy application, spreadability and no irritation to the applied skin. The release pattern has clearly exhibited improved dissolution properties of IMQ with the provision of the sustain release pattern. Higher IMQ content was deposited in deeper epidermis and dermis with IMQ-nTES gel, in contrast to ALDARA. In vivo, comparative toxicity study on BALB/c mice has shown significantly reduced (p < 0.001) psoriatic area severity index (PASI) score and less increment in ear thickness. Epidermal hyperplasia was an obvious finding with ALDARA which was, providentially, minimal in IMQ-nTES gel-treated skin. FTIR analysis of skin tissue has shown an enhancement of lipid and protein content in the ALDARA group, however, in the IMQ-nTES group no such change was observed. With ALDARA application, CD4+ T-cells and constitutive NF-κβ expression were significantly elevated, in comparison to the IMQ-nTES gel treated group. Moreover, the adequate expression of IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells were suggesting the preserved IMQ efficacy with IMQ-nTES gel. Quantification of cutaneous as well as systemic inflammatory markers has also suggested the reduced psoriatic potential of IMQ-nTES gel. In essence, IMQ-nTES gel can be a suitable alternative to ALDARA owing to its better safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humzah Jamshaid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ibadat International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Maimoona Malik
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mukhtiar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Han Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, South Korea.
| | - Tofeeq Ur-Rehman
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Zahid F, Batool S, Ud-Din F, Ali Z, Nabi M, Khan S, Salman O, Khan GM. Antileishmanial Agents Co-loaded in Transfersomes with Enhanced Macrophage Uptake and Reduced Toxicity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:226. [PMID: 35970966 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prime objective of this study was to develop amphotericin B (AMB) and rifampicin (RIF) co-loaded transfersomal gel (AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG) for effective treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). AMB-RIF co-loaded TF was prepared by the thin-film hydration method and was optimized based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (%EE), and deformability index. Similarly, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG was characterized in terms of rheology, spread ability, and pH. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays were performed to evaluate AMB-RIF co-loaded TF as a potential treatment option for CL. The optimized formulation had vesicles in nanosize range (167 nm) with suitable PDI (0.106), zeta potential (- 19.05 mV), and excellent %EE of RIF (66%) and AMB (85%). Moreover, it had appropriate deformability index (0.952). Additionally, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG demonstrated suitable rheological behavior for topical application. AMB-RIF co-loaded TF and AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG showed sustained release of the incorporated drugs as compared to AMB-RIF suspension. Furthermore, RIF permeation from AMB-RIF co-loaded TF and AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG was enhanced fivefold and threefold, whereas AMB permeation was enhanced by eightfold and 6.6-fold, respectively. The significantly different IC50, higher CC50, and FIC50 (p < 0.5) showed synergistic antileishmanial potential of AMB-RIF co-loaded TF. Likewise, reduced lesion size and parasitic burden in AMB-RIF co-loaded TF-treated mouse group further established the antileishmanial effect of the optimized formulation. Besides, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG showed a better safety profile. This study concluded that TFG may be a suitable carrier for co-delivery of AMB-RIF when administered topically for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omer Salman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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18
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Enhanced potato tuber penetration of carboxin via ultradeformable liposomes. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Yuan M, Niu J, Xiao Q, Ya H, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Li L, Li X. Hyaluronan-modified transfersomes based hydrogel for enhanced transdermal delivery of indomethacin. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1232-1242. [PMID: 35403516 PMCID: PMC9004534 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2053761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), as a hygroscopic and biocompatible molecule, has displayed unique permeation enhancement in transdermal delivery systems. Hence, indomethacin (IND) was encapsulated in HA-modified transfersomes (IND-HTs) to enhance transdermal IND delivery to reduce adverse effects in this study. The physiochemical properties of IND-HTs were characterized. Results showed that the prepared IND-HTs were spherical and revealed good entrapment efficiency (87.88 ± 2.03%), with a nanometric particle size (221.8 ± 93.34 nm). Then, IND-HTs were further incorporated into a carbopol 940 hydrogel (IND-HTs/Gel) to prolong retention capacity on the skin. The in vitro release and skin permeation experiments of IND-HTs/Gel were carried out with the Franz diffusion cells. It was found that IND-HTs/Gel exhibited sustained drug release, as well as superior drug permeation and flux across the skin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed improved penetration of HTs/Gel with a wider distribution and higher fluorescence intensity. The hematoxylin–eosin stained showed that HA improved the transdermal effect by changing the microstructure of skin layers and decreasing skin barrier function. In addition, IND-HTs/Gel showed significant analgesic activity in hot plate test and no potentially hazardous skin irritation. This study indicated that the developed IND-HTs/Gel could be a promising alternative to conventional oral delivery of IND by topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangxiu Niu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghan Xiao
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanli Fan
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingmei Li
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueke Li
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
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Gritsch L, Granel H, Charbonnel N, Jallot E, Wittrant Y, Forestier C, Lao J. Tailored therapeutic release from polycaprolactone-silica hybrids for the treatment of osteomyelitis: antibiotic rifampicin and osteogenic silicates. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1936-1951. [PMID: 35258044 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm02015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of osteomyelitis, a destructive inflammatory process caused by bacterial infections to bone tissue, is one of the most critical challenges of orthopedics and bone regenerative medicine. The standard treatment consists of intense antibiotic therapies combined with tissue surgical debridement and the application of a bone defect filler material. Unfortunately, commercially available candidates, such as gentamicin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate cements, possess very poor pharmacokinetics (i.e., 24 hours burst release) and little to no regenerative potential. Fostered by the intrinsic limitations associated with conventional treatments, alternative osteostimulative biomaterials with local drug delivery have recently started to emerge. In this study, we propose the use of a polycaprolactone-silica sol-gel hybrid material as carrier for the delivery of rifampicin, an RNA-polymerase blocker often used to treat bone infections, and of osteostimulative silicate ions. The release of therapeutic agents from the material is dual, offering two separate and simultaneous effects, and decoupled, meaning that the kinetics of rifampicin and silicate releases are independent from each other. A series of hybrid formulations with increasing amounts of rifampicin was prepared. The antibiotic loading efficacy, as well as the release profiles of rifampicin and silicates were measured. The characterization of cell viability and differentiation of rat primary osteoblasts and antibacterial performance were also performed. Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were selected due to their high occurrence in bone infections. Results confirmed that rifampicin can be successfully loaded within the hybrids without significant degradation and that it is possible to tailor the antibiotic release according to need. Once in a physiological environment, the rapid release of silicates was associated with optimal cell proliferation and the overexpression of osteoblastic differentiation. Simultaneously, rifampicin is delivered over the course of several weeks with significant inhibition of all tested strains. In particular, the materials caused a growth reduction of 7-10 orders of magnitude in Staphylococcus aureus, the major strain responsible for osteomyelitis worldwide. Our data strongly suggest that PCL/silica hybrids are a very promising candidate to develop bone fillers with superior biological performance compared to currently available options. Thanks to their unique synthesis route and their dual tailored release they can promote bone regeneration while reducing the risk of infection for several weeks upon implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gritsch
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR CNRS 6533, Université Clermont Auvergne, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Henri Granel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine UMR 1019 INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Charbonnel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR CNRS 6533, Université Clermont Auvergne, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine UMR 1019 INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Jonathan Lao
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR CNRS 6533, Université Clermont Auvergne, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
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Khan AU, Jamshaid H, ud Din F, Zeb A, Khan GM. Designing, optimization and characterization of Trifluralin transfersomal gel to passively target cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1798-1811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Gaynanova G, Vasileva L, Kashapov R, Kuznetsova D, Kushnazarova R, Tyryshkina A, Vasilieva E, Petrov K, Zakharova L, Sinyashin O. Self-Assembling Drug Formulations with Tunable Permeability and Biodegradability. Molecules 2021; 26:6786. [PMID: 34833877 PMCID: PMC8624506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on key topics in the field of drug delivery related to the design of nanocarriers answering the biomedicine criteria, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and the ability to overcome biological barriers. For these reasons, much attention is paid to the amphiphile-based carriers composed of natural building blocks, lipids, and their structural analogues and synthetic surfactants that are capable of self-assembly with the formation of a variety of supramolecular aggregates. The latter are dynamic structures that can be used as nanocontainers for hydrophobic drugs to increase their solubility and bioavailability. In this section, biodegradable cationic surfactants bearing cleavable fragments are discussed, with ester- and carbamate-containing analogs, as well as amino acid derivatives received special attention. Drug delivery through the biological barriers is a challenging task, which is highlighted by the example of transdermal method of drug administration. In this paper, nonionic surfactants are primarily discussed, including their application for the fabrication of nanocarriers, their surfactant-skin interactions, the mechanisms of modulating their permeability, and the factors controlling drug encapsulation, release, and targeted delivery. Different types of nanocarriers are covered, including niosomes, transfersomes, invasomes and chitosomes, with their morphological specificity, beneficial characteristics and limitations discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Gaynanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (L.V.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (R.K.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (K.P.); (L.Z.); (O.S.)
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23
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Oyarzún P, Gallardo-Toledo E, Morales J, Arriagada F. Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2465-2489. [PMID: 34706575 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
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Xing R, Mustapha O, Ali T, Rehman M, Zaidi SS, Baseer A, Batool S, Mukhtiar M, Shafique S, Malik M, Sohail S, Ali Z, Zahid F, Zeb A, Shah F, Yousaf A, Din F. Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of SLN-Loaded Thermoresponsive Hydrogel System of Topotecan as Biological Macromolecule for Colorectal Delivery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9968602. [PMID: 34285920 PMCID: PMC8275402 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9968602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic drugs cause severe toxicities if administered unprotected, without proper targeting, and controlled release. In this study, we developed topotecan- (TPT-) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for their chemotherapeutic effect against colorectal cancer. The TPT-SLNs were further incorporated into a thermoresponsive hydrogel system (TRHS) (TPT-SLNs-TRHS) to ensure control release and reduce toxicity of the drug. Microemulsion technique and cold method were, respectively, used to develop TPT-SLNs and TPT-SLNs-TRHS. Particle size, polydispersive index (PDI), and incorporation efficiency (IE) of the TPT-SLNs were determined. Similarly, gelation time, gel strength, and bioadhesive force studies of the TPT-SLNs-TRHS were performed. Additionally, in vitro release and pharmacokinetic and antitumour evaluations of the formulation were done. RESULTS TPT-SLNs have uniformly distributed particles with mean size in nanorange (174 nm) and IE of ~90%. TPT-SLNs-TRHS demonstrated suitable gelation properties upon administration into the rat's rectum. Moreover, drug release was exhibited in a control manner over an extended period of time for the incorporated TPT. Pharmacokinetic studies showed enhanced bioavailability of the TPT with improved plasma concentration and AUC. Further, it showed significantly enhanced antitumour effect in tumour-bearing mice as compared to the test formulations. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that SLNs incorporated in TRHS could be a potential source of the antitumour drug delivery with better control of the drug release and no toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing 100038, China
| | - O. Mustapha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DOW University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - T. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DOW University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Rehman
- HE.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - S. S. Zaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DOW University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A. Baseer
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - S. Batool
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Mukhtiar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - S. Shafique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DOW University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Malik
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S. Sohail
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Z. Ali
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F. Zahid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A. Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Sector G-7/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - F. Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Sector G-7/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - A. Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - F. Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Jamshaid H, Din FU, Khan GM. Nanotechnology based solutions for anti-leishmanial impediments: a detailed insight. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:106. [PMID: 33858436 PMCID: PMC8051083 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neglected tropical disease, Leishmaniasis is significantly instigating morbidity and mortality across the globe. Its clinical spectrum varies from ulcerative cutaneous lesions to systemic immersion causing hyperthermic hepato-splenomegaly. Curbing leishmanial parasite is toughly attributable to the myriad obstacles in existing chemotherapy and immunization. Since the 1990s, extensive research has been conducted for ameliorating disease prognosis, by resolving certain obstacles of conventional therapeutics viz. poor efficacy, systemic toxicity, inadequate drug accumulation inside the macrophage, scarce antigenic presentation to body's immune cells, protracted length and cost of the treatment. Mentioned hurdles can be restricted by designing nano-drug delivery system (nano-DDS) of extant anti-leishmanials, phyto-nano-DDS, surface modified-mannosylated and thiolated nano-DDS. Likewise, antigen delivery with co-transportation of suitable adjuvants would be achievable through nano-vaccines. In the past decade, researchers have engineered nano-DDS to improve the safety profile of existing drugs by restricting their release parameters. Polymerically-derived nano-DDS were found as a suitable option for oral delivery as well as SLNs due to pharmacokinetic re-modeling of drugs. Mannosylated nano-DDS have upgraded macrophage internalizing of nanosystem and the entrapped drug, provided with minimal toxicity. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) was tackling by the utilization of nano-DDS designed for topical delivery including niosomes, liposomes, and transfersomes. Transfersomes, however, appears to be superior for this purpose. The nanotechnology-based solution to prevent parasitic resistance is the use of Thiolated drug-loaded and multiple drugs loaded nano-DDS. These surfaces amended nano-DDS possess augmented IC50 values in comparison to conventional drugs and un-modified nano-DDS. Phyto-nano-DDS, another obscure horizon, have also been evaluated for their anti-leishmanial response, however, more intense assessment is a prerequisite. Impoverished Cytotoxic T-cells response followed by Leishmanial antigen proteins delivery have also been vanquished using nano-adjuvants. The eminence of nano-DDS for curtailment of anti-leishmanial chemotherapy and immunization associated challenges are extensively summed up in this review. This expedited approach is ameliorating the Leishmaniasis management successfully. Alongside, total to partial eradication of this disease can be sought along with associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humzah Jamshaid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Skin penetration/permeation success determinants of nanocarriers: Pursuit of a perfect formulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111748. [PMID: 33853001 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanocarriers in the field of pharmaceutical drug delivery, while exhibiting considerable advantages, has created challenges for researchers. Among the applications of nanocarriers, drug delivery to the skin has attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to its advantages over oral and parenteral administration. Accordingly, this work attempts to discuss the major obstacles surrounding topically applied formulations and different nanocarriers' potential to overcome these barriers to investigate whether their passive penetration through the skin is likely. Therefore, skin anatomical views and transcutaneous pathways are briefly reviewed. Factors commonly thought to influence skin penetration are discussed from the perspective of particularly penetrating nanocarriers. The formulation of these nanocarriers is outlined, and promising constituents are highlighted to help investigators optimize nanocarrier formulations.
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Batool S, Zahid F, Ud-Din F, Naz SS, Dar MJ, Khan MW, Zeb A, Khan GM. Macrophage targeting with the novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: in vitro and in vivo analyses. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:440-453. [PMID: 33615936 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1890768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel (HePCTG) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) via efficient targeting of leishmania infected macrophages. METHODS Miltefosine-loaded transfersomes (HePCT) were prepared by ethanol injection method followed by their incorporation into carbopol gel to form HePCTG. The prepared HePCT were assessed for physicochemical properties including mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, and deformability. Similarly, HePCTG was evaluated for physiochemical and rheological attributes. The in vitro release, skin permeation, skin irritation, anti-leishmanial activity, and in vivo efficacy in BALB/c mice against infected macrophages were also performed for HePCT. RESULTS The optimized HePCT displayed a particle size of 168 nm with entrapment efficiency of 92%. HePCTG showed suitable viscosity, pH, and sustained release of the incorporated drug. Furthermore, HePCT and HePCTG demonstrated higher skin permeation than drug solution. The results of macrophage uptake study indicated improved drug intake by passive diffusion. The lower half maximal inhibitory concentration value, selectivity index and higher 50% cytotoxic concentration value of HePCT compared to that of HePC solution demonstrated the improved anti-leishmanial efficacy and non-toxicity of the formulation. This was further confirmed by the notable reduction in parasite load and lesion size observed in in vivo anti-leishmanial study. CONCLUSION It can be stated that the formulated HePCTG can effectively be used for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar- Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sohaila Naz
- Department of Nanosciences & Technology, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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