Phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles from Ziziphus mauritiana against hepatic carcinoma via modulation of Rho family-alpha serine/threonine protein kinase

Green synthesized AgNPs of the Anchusa arvensis aqueous extract resulting in impressive protein kinase, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities

This study focused on analyzing the pharmacological activities of AgNPs synthesized from an aqueous plant extract of Anchusa arvensis. The effectiveness of AgNPs was evaluated for protein kinase inhibition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The AgNPs and plant were used to regulate the protein kinase activity using the liquid TSB and ISP4 medium protein kinase inhibition study demonstrated that nanoparticles exhibited a larger zone of inhibition (9.1 ± 0.8) compared to the plant extract (8.1 ± 0.6). The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH reagent, and the results indicated that AgNPs displayed potent free radical scavenging properties. In terms of antibacterial activity, AgNPs showed higher efficacy against Enterobacter aerogens (20.1 ± 0.9), Bordetella bronchiseptaca (19.1 ± 0.9), and Salmonella typhimurium (17.2 ± 0.8) at 4 mg/mL. The antifungal activity of AgNPs was prominent against Aspergillus fumagatus (14.1 ± 0.9), Mucor species (19.2 ± 0.8), and Fusarium solani (11.2 ± 0.8) at 20 mg/mL. These findings suggest that AgNPs possess multiple beneficial properties, including bactericidal/fungicidal effects, protein kinase inhibition, and potential free radical scavenging abilities. Therefore, AgNPs have potential applications in various fields, such as biomedicine and industry, due to their ability to counteract the harmful effects of free radicals.

Phyto-Fabrication of Moringa Oleifera Peel-Sourced Silver Nanoparticles: A Promising Approach for Combating Hepatic Cancer by Targeting Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mitigating Cytokine Storms

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises from precancerous nodules, leading to liver damage and inflammation, which triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Dysregulation of these cytokines can escalate into a cytokine storm, causing severe organ damage. Interestingly, Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) fruit peel, previously discarded as waste, contains an abundance of essential biomolecules and high nutritional value. This study focuses on the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles infused with M. oleifera peel extract biomolecules and their impact on regulating proinflammatory cytokines, as well as their potential anticancer effects against Wistar rats. The freshly synthesized nanoformulation underwent comprehensive characterization, followed by antihepatic cancer evaluation using a diethyl nitrosamine-induced model (at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 BW). The study demonstrates a significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB). Furthermore, it confirms that the newly biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit additional potential against hepatic cancer due to their capped biomolecules.

Revisiting the Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Uncovering Influences of Plant Extracts as Reducing Agents for Enhanced Synthesis Efficiency and Its Biomedical Applications

Background

Conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods involve harsh conditions, high costs, and environmental pollution. In this context, researchers are actively searching for sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical synthesis methods. This has led to the development of green synthesis procedures among which the exploration of the plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles experienced a great development. Especially, because plant extracts can work as reducing and stabilizing agents. This opens up new possibilities for cost-effective, environmentally-friendly nanoparticle synthesis with enhanced size uniformity and stability. Moreover, bio-inspired nanoparticles derived from plants exhibit intriguing pharmacological properties, making them highly promising for use in medical applications due to their biocompatibility and nano-dimension.

Objective

This study investigates the role of specific phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins, in plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis together with their influence on particle size, stability, and properties. Additionally, we highlight the potential applications of these bio-derived nanoparticles, particularly with regard to drug delivery, disease management, agriculture, bioremediation, and application in other industries.

Methodology

Extensive research on scientific databases identified green synthesis methods, specifically plant-mediated synthesis, with a focus on understanding the contributions of phytochemicals like phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins. The database search covered the field's development over the past 15 years.

Results

Insights gained from this exploration highlight plant-mediated green synthesis for cost-effective nanoparticle production with significant pharmacological properties. Utilizing renewable biological resources and controlling nanoparticle characteristics through biomolecule interactions offer promising avenues for future research and applications.

Conclusion

This review delves into the scientific intricacies of plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles, highlighting the advantages of this approach over the traditional chemical synthesis methods. The study showcases the immense potential of green synthesis for medical and other applications, aiming to inspire further research in this exciting area and promote a more sustainable future.

Green Synthesis of Genistein-Fortified Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as a Potent Hepatic Cancer Inhibitor: Validation through Experimental and Computational Studies

In hepatic cancer, precancerous nodules account for damage and inflammation in liver cells. Studies have proved that phyto-compounds based on biosynthetic metallic nanoparticles display superior action against hepatic tumors. This study targeted the synthesis of genistein-fortified zinc ferrite nanoparticles (GENP) trailed by anticancer activity assessment against diethylnitrosamine and N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene induced hepatic cancer. The process of nucleation was confirmed by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, X-ray beam diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR. An in vitro antioxidant assay illustrated that the leaves of Pterocarpus mildbraedii have strong tendency as a reductant and, in the nanoformulation synthesis, as a natural capping agent. A MTT assay confirmed that GENP have a strong selective cytotoxic potential against HepG2 cancer cells. In silico studies of genistein exemplified the binding tendency towards human matrix metalloproteinase comparative to the standard drug marimastat. An in vivo anticancer evaluation showed that GENP effectively inhibit the growth of hepatic cancer by interfering with hepatic and non-hepatic biochemical markers.

Green Metallic Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis to Applications

Current advancements in nanotechnology and nanoscience have resulted in new nanomaterials, which may pose health and environmental risks. Furthermore, several researchers are working to optimize ecologically friendly procedures for creating metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The primary goal is to decrease the adverse effects of synthetic processes, their accompanying chemicals, and the resulting complexes. Utilizing various biomaterials for nanoparticle preparation is a beneficial approach in green nanotechnology. Furthermore, using the biological qualities of nature through a variety of activities is an excellent way to achieve this goal. Algae, plants, bacteria, and fungus have been employed to make energy-efficient, low-cost, and nontoxic metallic nanoparticles in the last few decades. Despite the environmental advantages of using green chemistry-based biological synthesis over traditional methods as discussed in this article, there are some unresolved issues such as particle size and shape consistency, reproducibility of the synthesis process, and understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing metallic nanoparticles via biological entities. Consequently, there is a need for further research to analyze and comprehend the real biological synthesis-dependent processes. This is currently an untapped hot research topic that required more investment to properly leverage the green manufacturing of metallic nanoparticles through living entities. The review covers such green methods of synthesizing nanoparticles and their utilization in the scientific world.