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Motewasselin N, Hiller KA, Cieplik F, Kopp L, Pfitzner A, Pielnhofer F, Auer DL, Buchalla W, Scholz KJ. Cerium- and samarium-nitrate interaction and accumulation on human dentin. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 167:106053. [PMID: 39029289 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the accumulation of cerium-nitrate and samarium-nitrate on dentin without or with smear-layer and to test their antibacterial activity. DESIGN 24 dentin-enamel slices were cut from 24 extracted molars. 12 slices underwent smear-layer creation (320 grit, 200 g, 5 s), the other 12 smear-layer removal (20 % EDTA, 300 s). Slices were halved to 48 semilunar-shaped specimens. One specimen per tooth was treated with either Ce(NO3)3 (50 wt% aqueous solution; pH = 1.29; n = 6) or Sm(NO3)3 (50 wt% aqueous solution; pH = 1.88; n = 6). The other specimen served as control (A. demin). After water rinsing, elemental composition (Ce, Sm, Ca, P, O, N, Na, Mg, C) was measured (EDX; EDAX Octane-Elect, APEX v2.5, low-vacuum) in dentin. Atomic percent (At%), Ca/P- and Ca/N-ratios were calculated and analyzed non-parametrically (α = 0.05, error rates method). Additionally, antibacterial activity (2 min exposure) of Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Schaalia odontolytica, and Enterococcus faecalis was determined (colony forming units) after anaerobic incubation at 37 °C for 24 h (control: 0.2 % CHX). RESULTS At% (median) of Ce and Sm were as follows: Ce(NO3)3 3.4 and 0.9 At%Ce with and without smear-layer, respectively; Sm(NO3)3 2.4 and 1.3 At%Sm with and without smear-layer, respectively. Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3-application significantly decreased Ca/P-ratios (1.22 - 1.45; p ≤ 0.02) compared to controls (1.47 - 1.63). With smear-layer, significantly higher Ca/N-ratios (5.1 - 29.3) could be detected across all groups (p ≤ 0.004) compared to specimens without smear-layer (0.37 - 0.48). Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 showed reduction rates of up to ≥ 5 log10 steps for S. mutans, A. naeslundii, and S. odontolytica. CONCLUSIONS Cerium and samarium nitrate showed accumulation on dentin and certain antibacterial activity and could therefore be identified as potential compounds to treat and prevent dentin and root caries and dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Motewasselin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany; Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Louis Kopp
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Arno Pfitzner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93047, Germany
| | - Florian Pielnhofer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93047, Germany
| | - David L Auer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Konstantin J Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany; Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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Silva Ramos FDS, de Castro Oliveira L, Albertinazzi L, Bezerra SJC, Dos Santos VR, Scaramucci T, Duque C, Ganss B, Souza MT, Pessan JP, Fagundes TC. Analysis of dentin wear and biological properties promoted by experimental inoffice desensitizing materials. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:607. [PMID: 38789946 PMCID: PMC11127430 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate dentin wear and biological performance of desensitizing materials. METHODS Seventy bovine root dentin blocks were sectioned. Half of the surface of each specimen was untreated (control) and the other half was immersed in EDTA and treated with the following desensitizing materials: placebo varnish (PLA), fluoride varnish (FLU), sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish + sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), universal adhesive (SBU), S-PRG varnish (SPRG), biosilicate (BIOS), and amelotin solution (AMTN). After application, the specimens were submitted to an erosive-abrasive challenge and the wear analyzed by optical profilometer. Serial dilutions of extracts obtained from the culture medium containing discs impregnated with those desensitizers were applied on fibroblasts and odontoblasts-like cells cultures. Cytotoxicity and production of total protein (TP) by colorimetric assays were determined after 24 h. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's, One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS No dentin wear was observed only for SBU. The lowest dentin wear was observed for AMTN and TMP. Cell viability was significantly reduced after treatment with undiluted extracts of PLA, FLU, TMP and SBU in fibroblasts and TMP and SBU in odontoblast-like cells. SPRG, BIOS and AMTN were cytocompatible at all dilutions tested. Considering TP results, no statistical difference was observed among the groups and high levels for TP were observed after TMP and FLU treatments. CONCLUSIONS Universal adhesive system may protect dentin with opened tubules from wear after challenge. Extracts of adhesive and fluoride varnishes presented cytotoxic mainly on fibroblasts. The enamel protein may be a future alternative to treat dentin with opened tubules because it may cause low wear under erosive-abrasive challenge with low cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Souza Silva Ramos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laryssa de Castro Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Albertinazzi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontário, Canada
| | - Marina Trevelin Souza
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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de Paula KDS, Dos Reis-Prado AH, de Jesus WP, Goto J, de Arantes LC, Verçosa M, Cintra LTA, Ervolino E, Szawka RE, Crovace MC, de Mesquita RA, Benetti F. Final irrigation with bioglass solution in regenerative endodontic procedure induces tissue formation inside the root canals, collagen maturation, proliferation cell and presence of osteocalcin. Int Endod J 2024; 57:586-600. [PMID: 38323923 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of an experimental solution of cobalt-doped F18 bioactive glass (F18Co) on tissue repair following regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) in rat molars. METHODOLOGY The F18Co solution was prepared at a ratio of 1:5 F18Co powder to distilled water. The right or left upper first molars of 12 Wistar rats were used, where the pulps were exposed, removed, and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (5 min each). Subsequently, the molars were divided into two groups (n = 6): REP-SS and REP-F18Co, where they received a final irrigation (5 min) with saline solution (SS) or F18Co solution, respectively. Then, intracanal bleeding was induced, and the tooth was sealed. Untreated molars were used as controls (n = 3). At 21 days, the rats were euthanized, and the specimens were processed for analysis of mineralized tissue and soft tissue formation inside the root canal using haematoxylin-eosin. The presence and maturation of collagen were evaluated by Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining. Immunolabelling analyses of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and osteocalcin (OCN) were performed. The data were submitted to the Mann-Whitney U-test (p < .05). RESULTS There was a similar formation of mineralized tissue in thickness and length in REP-SS and REP-F18Co groups (p > .05). Regarding the presence of newly formed soft tissue, most specimens of the REP-F18Co had tissue formation up to the cervical third of the canal, whilst the REP-SS specimens showed formation up to the middle third (p < .05), and there was higher maturation of collagen in REP-F18Co (p < .05). The number of PCNA-positive cells found in the apical third of the root canal was significantly higher in the F18Co group, as well as the OCN immunolabelling, which was severe in most specimens of REP-F18Co, and low in most specimens of REP-SS. CONCLUSION The final irrigation with F18Co bioactive glass solution in REP did not influence mineralized tissue formation but induced soft tissue formation inside the root canals, with higher collagen maturation, and an increase in PCNA-positive cells and OCN immunolabelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiani Dos Santos de Paula
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Witalo Pereira de Jesus
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Goto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba-SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Cancella de Arantes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Verçosa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba-SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Murilo Camuri Crovace
- Department of Materials Engineering, State University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Bioactive Materials Laboratory (LMBio), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves de Mesquita
- Oral Pathology and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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Rusu Olaru A, Popescu MR, Pleşea IE, Şerbănescu MS, Pleşea RM, Cojocaru MO, Coculescu EC. Abrasion and dental pulp morphological changes in occlusal dysfunction. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2024; 65:279-290. [PMID: 39020543 PMCID: PMC11384036 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.65.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM The authors set out to assess if the presence and the degree of severity of the abrasion, as a consequence of the occlusal dysfunction, determine further morphological changes in the dental pulp. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study group included teeth dental pulp from 45 cases with occlusal dysfunction, subsequently divided into two subgroups: 24 cases with abrasion (AB) and 21 cases without abrasion (NONAB). The set of morphological parameters of dental pulp were thicknesses of the outer layer, inner layer and entire peripheral pulp zone, the presence of pulpal calcifications and their extent within the dental pulp, the presence of interstitial fibrosis and its extent within the dental pulp and the vascular density (VD) of pulpal capillary network. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned off at 4 μm. Serial slides were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome (MT) and anti-cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) antibodies labeled with 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) and transformed into virtual slides on which the above-mentioned parameters were studied comparatively with the help of a dedicated in-house software, realized in MATLAB (MathWorks, USA). The numerical values of the assessed parameters were also stratified in classes, thus obtaining score scales for each parameter. Statistical tools used were Lilliefors test, t-test (two-sample assuming equal variances), Mann-Whitney test, Pearson's correlation test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and χ² (chi-squared) test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Both peripheral zone (PZ) and its layers individually tended to be thicker in the teeth with abrasion than in those without abrasion. Also, teeth with abrasion tended to develop larger amounts of calcium deposits in their dental pulp than teeth without abrasion. On the other hand, fibrotic tissue in dental pulp had no relationship with the presence or absence of abrasion. PZ as a whole and its layers evolved together in the same way, with a stronger correlation in the group of teeth without abrasion. Deposits of calcium evolved in the opposite direction to both the amount of fibrous tissue and the capillaries density of the dental pulp. Consequently, the amount of fibrous tissue and VD evolved together in the same way, more pronounced in the teeth without abrasion. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study pointed out that different components of the dental pulp showed slight to moderate changes depending on the degree of abrasion in teeth with occlusal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Rusu Olaru
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;
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Li B, Xu J, Ai R, Zhang H, Wei M, Zhang R, Bao C, Wu W. Safe and Durable Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity via Nourishing and Remineralizing Dentin Based on β-Chitooligosaccharide Graft Derivative. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300359. [PMID: 37292051 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common symptom of various dental diseases that usually produces abnormal pain with external stimuli. Various desensitizers are developed to treat DH by occluding dentine tubules (DTs) or blocking intersynaptic connections of dental sensory nerve cells. However, the main limitations of currently available techniques are the chronic toxic effects of chemically active ingredients and their insufficiently durable efficacy. Herein, a novel DH therapy with remarkable biosafety and durable therapeutic value based on β-chitooligosaccharide graft derivative (CAD) is presented. Particularly, CAD indicates the most energetic results, restoring the amino polysaccharide protective membrane in DTs, significantly promoting calcium and phosphorus ion deposition and bone anabolism, and regulating the levels of immunoglobulin in saliva and cellular inflammatory factors in plasma. Exposed DTs are occluded by remineralized hydroxyapatite with a depth of over 70 µm, as shown in in vitro tests. The bone mineral density of Sprague-Dawley rats' molar dentin increases by 10.96%, and the trabecular thickness of bone improves to about 0.03 µm in 2 weeks in the CAD group compared to the blank group. Overall, the ingenious concept that modified marine biomaterial can be a safe and durable therapy for DH is demonstrated by nourishing and remineralizing dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailei Li
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Jiren Xu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ruixue Ai
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, 1478, Norway
| | - Haixing Zhang
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingjun Wei
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Chunling Bao
- Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Sahin D, Deger C, Oglakci B, Demirkol M, Kucukyildirim BO, Gursel M, Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic E. The Effects of a Novel Nanohydroxyapatite Gel and Er: YAG Laser Treatment on Dentin Hypersensitivity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6522. [PMID: 37834658 PMCID: PMC10573567 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates the effects of a novel nanohydroxyapatite gel and Er: YAG laser on the surface roughness, surface morphology, and elemental content after dentin hypersensitivity treatments. METHODS Dentin discs (2 × 3 × 3 mm3) were prepared from 75 human molars. Out of 75 human molars, 50 were used to evaluate surface roughness and randomly divided into five groups: Group ID (intact dentin), Group DD (demineralized dentin), Group BF (fluoride varnish/Bifluorid 10), Group Lsr (Er: YAG laser-50 mJ, 0.50 W, 10 Hz), and Group NHA (nanohydroxyapatite-containing gel). Dentin hypersensitivity was stimulated by 35% phosphoric acid for 1 min (except Group ID). The surface roughness (Ra, μm) was measured via contact profilometry (n = 10). Out of the 75 sound human molars, 25 were used to evaluate the surface morphology and elemental content using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (n = 5). The data were statistically analyzed using Welsch ANOVA, Games-Howell, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Group Lsr showed significantly lower surface roughness than Group NHA and Group BF (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis indicated that most of the dentinal tubules were obliterated for Group NHA. Precipitant plugs with partially occluded dentinal tubules were observed for Group BF, while partially or completely occluded tubules with a melting appearance were detected for Group Lsr. The EDS analysis revealed that Group NHA and Group Lsr presented similar calcium and phosphorus amounts to Group ID. All dentin hypersensitivity treatment methods could provide promising results in terms of tubular occlusion efficiency. However, laser treatment resulted in smoother surfaces, which could help prevent dental plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Sahin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ceren Deger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (C.D.); or (B.O.); or (E.E.D.)
| | - Burcu Oglakci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (C.D.); or (B.O.); or (E.E.D.)
| | - Metehan Demirkol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.D.); or (B.O.K.)
| | - Bedri Onur Kucukyildirim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.D.); or (B.O.K.)
| | - Mehtikar Gursel
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Evrim Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (C.D.); or (B.O.); or (E.E.D.)
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de Castro Oliveira L, Marchetti VM, de Souza E Silva Ramos F, Delbem ACB, Souza MT, Ganss B, Theodoro LH, Fagundes TC. In vitro dentin permeability and tubule occlusion of experimental in-office desensitizing materials. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1265-1276. [PMID: 36305964 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the dentin permeability (by hydraulic conductance) and tubule occlusion (by confocal and scanning electron microscopies) of in-office desensitizing materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine dentin blocks were immersed in EDTA to open dentinal tubules. Placebo varnish (PLA), fluoride varnish (FLU), NaF 5% + 5% nanoparticulate sodium trimetaphosphate varnish (TMP), universal adhesive system (SBU), S-PRG filler varnish (SPRG), Biosilicate (BIOS), and amelotin (AMTN) solution were the materials tested. After application, the specimens underwent an erosive-abrasive challenge. Dentin permeability was evaluated at T0 (initial), T1 (after treatment), and T2 (after challenge). Confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate, respectively, length and number of dentinal tubule occlusions and opened dentinal tubules, after challenge. Permeability and SEM data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Confocal data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. Spearman and Pearson's correlation tests were also used. Significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS At T1, the AMTN group showed the lowest permeability value, following the increasing order at T2: AMTN = SBU < BIOS = SPRG < TMP < FLU < PLA. The SBU group had the highest value of occluded dentinal tubule length. The AMTN group presented more occluded dentinal tubules compared to PLA and FLU. AMTN and SBU had the lowest values of opened dentin tubules. Results showed a negative correlation between the analyses. CONCLUSION The SBU and AMTN solution were more effective in reducing dentin permeability by occluding dentin tubules. CLINICAL RELEVANCE All materials reduced permeability after challenge, except fluoride varnish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laryssa de Castro Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Vitória Marega Marchetti
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Souza E Silva Ramos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Marina Trevelin Souza
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Faculty of Dentistry and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontário, Canada
| | - Leticia Helena Theodoro
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, CEP, 16015-050, Brazil.
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Tan S, Chen S, Lei Q, Ma D. A novel rapidly mineralized biphasic calcium phosphate with high acid-resistance stability for long-term treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Dent Mater 2023; 39:260-274. [PMID: 36710096 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treating dental hypersensitivity (DH) rapidly and maintaining long-term effectiveness remains challenging. We aimed to address this problem by fabricating a novel rapidly mineralized biphasic calcium phosphate (RMBCP), which could rapidly elicit mineralization to form hydroxyapatite (HA) and perform excellent acid-resistant stability, thus effectively blocking the exposed dental tubules and protecting them from acid attack. METHODS RMBCP was firstly synthesized by precisely adjusting the molar ratio of acetic acid and calcium hydroxide and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence microprobe (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Subsequently, using a commercialized desensitizing agent, 45S5 bioglass (BG), as the control group, the mineralization performance of RMBCP was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF), Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), and even slightly acidic artificial saliva (pH=6.6). Moreover, the biocompatibility of RMBCP was studied. Finally, the tubule occlusion effect and acid-resistant stability of RMBCP were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The rapid mineralization behavior of RMBCP could easily adhere to the dentin surface and block the dentinal tubules completely in vitro and in vivo within 7days. RMBCP performed high acid-resistant stability to maintain the long-term therapeutic effect of DH treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Developing novel bioactive calcium phosphate materials with the ability to trigger mineralization for HA formation rapidly will be an effective strategy for the long-term treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Tan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangsi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Resin-based materials to control human dentin permeability under erosive conditions in vitro: A hydraulic conductance, confocal microscopy and FTIR study. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1669-1678. [PMID: 36089408 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the behavior of three different polymeric agents before and after an erosive challenge on dentin permeability, to analyze their degradation in both conditions, and to analyze their degree of conversion (DC). METHODS The permeability of human dentin disks (1.0 ± 0.2 mm) was measured with smear layer, after its removal, after treatment (LpTreat) with Gluma Desensitizer, PRG Barrier Coat (PBC) or Icon infiltrant (n = 11/group) and after exposure to citric acid (LpEro) (6%, pH 2.1, 1 min). The specimens were analyzed under a Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (n = 2/group) and the products' DC were calculated. Data were subjected to 2-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni (permeability analysis), to paired t-test (for specimens treated with Icon) and to t-test (DC analysis) (α < 0.05). RESULTS Icon showed the lowest LpTreat and LpEro values, while PBC and Gluma did not differ from each other under these conditions. Icon and PBC showed LpEro similar to a dentin with smear layer. Under the Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope, more deposits were noticeable on dentin after treating with PBC. Gluma presented the deepest penetration in dentin. The DC of PBC was the highest. SIGNIFICANCE Icon caused the highest reduction on permeability values, followed by PBC and Gluma. PBC generated more deposits covering dentin and seemed to be more efficient after an erosive challenge. The association of a polymeric resin with inorganic ion-releasing fillers seem to be a great strategy to manage dentin hypersensitivity under erosive conditions.
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Jiang R, Xu Y, Wang F, Lin H. Effectiveness and cytotoxicity of two desensitizing agents: a dentin permeability measurement and dentin barrier testing in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:391. [PMID: 36088323 PMCID: PMC9464405 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When evaluating the efficacy and safety of various desensitizing products in vitro, their mechanism of action and clinical utility should be considered during test model selection. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two desensitizers, an in-office use material and an at-home use material, on dentin specimen permeability, and their dentin barrier cytotoxicity with appropriate test models. Methods Two materials, GLUMA desensitizer (GLU) containing glutaraldehyde and remineralizing and desensitizing gel (RD) containing sodium fluoride and fumed silica, were selected. Human dentin specimens were divided into three groups (n = 6): in groups 1 and 2, GLU was applied, and in group 3, RD was applied and immersed in artificial saliva (AS) for 24 h. Dentin specimen permeability before and after each treatment/post-treatment was measured using a hydraulic device under a pressure of 20 cm H2O. The perfusion fluid was deionized water, except in group 2 where 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used. The representative specimens before and after treatment from each group were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. To measure cytotoxicity, test materials were applied to the occlusal surfaces of human dentin disks under which three-dimensional cell scaffolds were placed. After 24-h contact within the test device, cell viability was measured via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Results GLU significantly reduced the dentin permeability and occluded the dentinal tubules when 2% BSA was used as perfusion fluid. RD significantly reduced dentin permeability and occluded the tubules, but permeability rebounded after AS immersion. GLU significantly decreased cell viability, but RD was non-cytotoxic. Conclusions In vitro GLU application induced effective dentinal tubule occlusion only following the introduction of simulated dentinal fluid. RD provided effective tubule occlusion, but its full remineralization potential was not realized after a short period of immersion in AS. GLU may harm the pulp, whereas RD is sufficiently biocompatible.
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