S100 protein-positive Langerhans cells in 80 dentigerous cysts

The Tilapia Cyst Tissue Enclosing the Proliferating Myxobolus bejeranoi Parasite Exhibits Cornified Structure and Immune Barrier Function

Myxozoa, a unique group of obligate endoparasites within the phylum Cnidaria, can cause emerging diseases in wild and cultured fish populations. Recently, the myxozoan Myxobolus bejeranoi has been identified as a prevalent pathogen infecting the gills of cultured hybrid tilapia, leading to systemic immune suppression and considerable mortality. Here, we employed a proteomic approach to examine the impact of M. bejeranoi infection on fish gills, focusing on the structure of the granulomata, or cyst, formed around the proliferating parasite to prevent its spread to surrounding tissue. Enrichment analysis showed increased immune response and oxidative stress in infected gill tissue, most markedly in the cyst's wall. The intense immune reaction included a consortium of endopeptidase inhibitors, potentially combating the myxozoan arsenal of secreted proteases. Analysis of the cyst's proteome and histology staining indicated that keratin intermediate filaments contribute to its structural rigidity. Moreover, we uncovered skin-specific proteins, including a grainyhead-like transcription factor and a teleost-specific S100 calcium-binding protein that may play a role in epithelial morphogenesis and cysts formation. These findings deepen our understanding of the proteomic elements that grant the cyst its distinctive nature at the critical interface between the fish host and myxozoan parasite.

Marking vertebrates langerhans cells, from fish to mammals

Langerhans cells (LCs) are specialized dendritic cells (DCs) that play a defense role in recognizing foreign antigens, in tissue where antigenic exposures occur, as in the skin and mucous membranes. LCs are able to continuously move within the tissues thanks to dendritic contraction and distension performing their surveillance and/or phagocytosis role. These cells are characterized by the presence of Birbeck granules in their cytoplasm, involved in endocytosis. LCs have been characterized in several classes of vertebrates, from fish to mammals using different histological and molecular techniques. The aim of the present review is to define the state of art and the need of information about immunohistochemical markers of LCs in different classes of vertebrates. The most used immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are Langerin/CD207, CD1a, S-100 and TLR. These IHC markers are described in relation to their finding in different vertebrate classes with phylogenetical considerations. Among the four markers, Langerin/CD207 and TLR have the widest spectrum of cross reactivity in LCs.

Stafne bone defect of the molar region of the mandible

Background/purpose

The classic Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a rare small well-demarcated radiolucent lesion in the molar region of the mandible near the mandibular angle. This study reported a series of 5 SBD cases.

Materials and methods

This study reviewed 4000 consecutive panoramic radiographs from February 2017 to May 2017 and found 5 classic SBD cases. The clinical and radiographic findings of these 5 SBD cases were reported.

Results

We found 5 SBD cases presenting as small, well-defined, and radiolucent lesions at the typical first molar to third molar region of the mandible near the mandibular angle and below the mandibular canal. The mean age of the 5 patients at the time of diagnosis was 53.4 years (range, 45-69 years). All the 5 SBD cases occurred in male patients, 3 were on the right side and 2 were on the left side of the mandible. The mean greatest dimension of the 5 SBDs was 1.5 cm (range, 1.2-1.9 cm). All the 5 SBD cases were found incidentally on the panoramic radiographs and two of them were confirmed by cone-beam computed tomography. No surgical intervention was performed for these 5 SBD cases.

Conclusion

The classic SBDs occur most frequently in male patients in the age group between 40 years and 60 years. For the SBDs at the typical site of the molar region of the mandible near the mandibular angle and below the mandibular canal, these lesions can be monitored by panoramic radiography once per one or two years.