Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in burning mouth syndrome patients with normocytosis

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in oral lichen planus patients with vitamin B12 deficiency

Background/purpose

Our previous study found that 60 of 588 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients have vitamin B12 deficiency. This study assessed whether the vitamin B12-deficient OLP (B12D/OLP) patients had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than healthy control subjects and evaluated whether all B12D/OLP patients had pernicious anemia (PA).

Materials and methods

The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 60 B12D/OLP patients and 588 healthy control subjects were measured and compared.

Results

We found that 60 B12D/OLP patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid levels as well as significantly higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean serum homocysteine level than 588 healthy control subjects (all P-values <0.01). Moreover, 60 B12D/OLP patients had significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis (55.0 %), blood Hb (68.3 %) and serum iron (31.7 %) and vitamin B12 (100.0 %) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (91.7 %), and serum GPCA positivity (66.7 %) than 588 healthy control subjects (all P-values <0.001). The four most common types of anemia in 41 anemic B12D/OLP patients were PA (17 patients, 41.5 %), normocytic anemia (12 patients, 29.3 %), iron deficiency anemia (6 patients, 14.6 %), and macrocytic anemia other than PA (5 patients, 12.2 %).

Conclusion

The B12D/OLP patients have significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis, blood Hb and serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects. Only 17 (28.3 %) of 60 B12D/OLP patients have PA.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in oral lichen planus patients with iron deficiency

Background/purpose

Our previous study found that 99 of 588 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients have iron deficiency (ID). This study assessed whether all OLP patients with ID (so-called ID/OLP patients) had iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and evaluated whether the ID/OLP patients had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than healthy control subjects.

Materials and methods

The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 99 ID/OLP patients and 588 healthy control subjects were measured and compared.

Results

We found that 99 ID/OLP patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid levels as well as significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than 588 healthy control subjects (all P-values <0.001). Moreover, 99 ID/OLP patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb (64.7 %) and serum vitamin B12 (19.2 %), and folic acid (2.0 %) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (34.3 %), and serum GPCA positivity (33.3 %) than 588 healthy control subjects (all P-values <0.05). Furthermore, of 64 anemic ID/OLP patients, 2 (3.1 %) had pernicious anemia, 30 (46.9 %) had normocytic anemia, and 32 (50.0 %) had IDA.

Conclusion

ID/OLP patients have significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects. Although the IDA (50.0 %) is the most common type of anemia in our 64 anemic ID/OLP patients, there are still 46.9 % of the 64 anemic ID/OLP patients who had the normocytic anemia.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in male and female oral lichen planus patients

Background/purpose

Our previous study found that 21.9 %, 13.6 %, 7.1 %, 0.3 %, and 14.8 % of 352 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients have anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively. This study mainly evaluated the anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in 110 male and 478 female OLP patients.

Materials and methods

The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels in 110 male and 478 female OLP patients were measured and compared with the corresponding levels in 110 male and 478 female healthy control subjects, respectively.

Results

We found that 110 male OLP patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum folic acid levels than 110 male healthy control subjects. Moreover, 478 female OLP patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid levels and significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than 478 female healthy control subjects. In addition, 110 male OLP patients had significantly higher mean blood Hb and serum iron levels, significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, a significantly higher frequency of folic acid deficiency, and significantly lower frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron deficiencies than 478 female OLP patients.

Conclusion

The male OLP patients do have significantly higher mean blood Hb and serum iron levels, significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, a significantly higher frequency of folic acid deficiency, and significantly lower frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron deficiencies than female OLP patients.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in 588 patients with oral lichen planus

Background/purpose

Our previous study found that 21.9 %, 13.6 %, 7.1 %, 0.3 %, and 14.8 % of 352 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients have anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively. This study mainly evaluated the anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity in a large group of 588 OLP patients.

Materials and methods

The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 588 OLP patients were measured and compared with the corresponding levels in 588 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.

Results

We found that 148 (25.2 %), 99 (16.8 %), 60 (10.2 %), 7 (1.2 %), 124 (21.1 %), and 139 (23.6 %) OLP patients had blood Hb, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Moreover, 588 OLP patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 588 healthy control subjects (all P-values <0.001 except P = 0.023 for folic acid deficiency). Of 148 anemic OLP patients, 68 had normocytic anemia, 32 had iron deficiency anemia, 19 had thalassemia trait-induced anemia, 17 had pernicious anemia, 7 had macrocytic anemia other than pernicious anemia, and 5 had microcytic anemia other than iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait-induced anemia.

Conclusion

OLP patients have significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects.

Higher frequencies of anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in folic acid-deficient Taiwanese male oral submucous fibrosis patients

Background/purpose

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive fibrotic oral mucosal disease associated with betel quid chewing. This study evaluated whether Taiwanese male OSF patients with folic acid (FA) deficiency (the serum FA level ≤6 ng/mL, so-called FA-deficient OSF patients) had high frequencies of blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity.

Materials and methods

The blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, FA, and GPCA concentrations in 59 Taiwanese male FA-deficient OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 118 age-matched healthy male control subjects.

Results

We found that 3 (5.1%), 35 (59.3%), and 7 (11.9%) of the 59 FA-deficient OSF patients had blood Hb (<13 g/dL) and serum vitamin B12 (≤450 pg/mL) deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, 59 FA-deficient OSF patients had significantly higher frequencies of serum vitamin B12 deficiency and serum GPCA positivity than 118 healthy control subjects (all P-values <0.05). Of the 3 anemic FA-deficient OSF patients, one had macrocytic anemia and the other two had thalassemia trait-induced anemia.

Conclusion

We conclude that Taiwanese male FA-deficient OSF patients have high frequencies of serum vitamin B12 deficiency and GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects. The vitamin B12 and FA deficiencies in FA-deficient OSF patients are more likely due to OSF symptoms and signs-caused insufficient intake, difficulty in chewing and swallowing, and malabsorption of food fragment-bound vitamin B12 and FA rather than the GPCA positivity in these OSF patients.

High frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia in Taiwanese male patients with oral submucous fibrosis

Background

/purpose: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a betel quid chewing-caused oral mucosal disease with progressive collagen deposition. This study evaluated whether Taiwanese male OSF patients had high frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity.

Materials and methods

The blood hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA concentrations in 62 male OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 124 age-matched male healthy control subjects.

Results

We found that 5 (8.1%), 12 (19.4%), 32 (51.6%), 31 (50.0%), 22 (35.5%), and 6 (9.7%) of the 62 male OSF patients had Hb (<13 g/dL), iron (≤70 μg/dL), vitamin B12 (≤450 pg/mL), and folic acid (≤6 ng/mL) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (>12 μM), and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, OSF patients had significantly higher frequencies of Hb (P = 0.006), vitamin B12 (P < 0.001), and folic acid (P < 0.001) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (P < 0.001), and serum GPCA positivity (P = 0.030) than 124 healthy control subjects. Of the 22 OSF patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, 4 had vitamin B12 deficiency only, 7 had folic acid deficiency only, and 11 had both vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies.

Conclusion

We conclude that Taiwanese male OSF patients have high frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity. The hyperhomocysteinemia in our OSF patients is predominantly due to deficiencies of either vitamin B12 or folic acid or both.

Higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in vitamin B12-deficient Taiwanese male oral submucous fibrosis patients

Abstract Background/purpose

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive fibrotic oral mucosal disease associated with betel quid chewing. This study evaluated whether Taiwanese male OSF patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (the serum vitamin B12 level ≤ 450 pg/mL, B12-deficient OSF patients) had high frequencies of blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity.

Materials and methods

The blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and GPCA concentrations in 66 Taiwanese male B12-deficient OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 132 age-matched healthy male control subjects.

Results

We found that 6 (9.1%), 19 (28.8%), 35 (53.0%), and 9 (13.6%) of the 66 B12-deficient OSF patients had blood Hb (<13 g/dL) and serum iron (≤70 μg/dL), and folic acid (≤6 ng/mL) deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, 66 OSF patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than 132 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.05). Of the 6 anemic B12-deficient OSF patients, one had macrocytic anemia, two normocytic anemia, and three thalassemia trait-induced anemia.

Conclusion

Taiwanese male B12-deficient OSF patients have high frequencies of blood Hb, serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity. The anemia and hematinic deficiencies in B12-deficient OSF patients are likely due to OSF symptoms and signs-caused insufficient intake, poor chewing, and malabsorption of hematinic elements from ingested food stuffs rather than the GPCA positivity.

Efficacy of oral nystatin treatment for patients with oral mucosal dysesthesia but without objective oral mucosal manifestations and necessity of Candida culture test before oral nystatin treatment

Background/purpose

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis, anemia, serum vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in male than in female atrophic glossitis patients

Background/purpose

Our previous study found that 19.0%, 16.9%, 5.3%, 2.3%, 11.9%, and 26.7% of 1064 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients have anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity, respectively. This study evaluated the anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in 150 male and 914 female AG patients.

Materials and methods

The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, GPCA levels in 150 male and 914 female AG patients were measured and compared with the corresponding levels in 75 male and 457 female healthy control subjects (HCSs), respectively.

Results

We found that 150 male AG patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid levels, and significantly higher mean serum homocysteine levels than 75 male HCSs. Moreover, 914 female AG patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron levels and significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than 457 female HCSs. In addition, 150 male AG patients had significantly higher mean blood Hb and serum homocysteine levels, significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, and significantly higher frequencies of Hb, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia than 914 female AG patients.

Conclusion

The male AG patients do have significantly higher mean blood Hb and serum homocysteine levels, significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, and significantly higher frequencies of Hb, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia than the female AG patients.

Significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels and a significantly higher frequency of serum iron deficiency in younger than in older atrophic glossitis patients

Background/purpose

: Our previous study found that 19.0%, 16.9%, 5.3%, 2.3%, and 11.9% of 1064 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients have anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively. This study mainly evaluated the anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in 224 younger (≤50 years old) and 840 older (>50 years old) AG patients.

Materials and methods

The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels in 224 younger and 840 older AG patients were measured and compared with the corresponding levels in 112 younger (≤50 years old) and 420 older (>50 years old) healthy control subjects (HCSs), respectively.

Results

We found that 224 younger AG patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron levels than 112 younger HCSs. Moreover, 840 older AG patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron levels and a significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than 420 older HCSs. In addition, 224 younger AG patients had significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, a lower mean serum homocysteine level (marginal significance, P = 0.056), a significantly higher frequency of serum iron deficiency, and a significantly lower frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia than 840 older AG patients.

Conclusion

The younger AG patients do have significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, a significantly higher frequency of serum iron deficiency, and a significantly lower frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia than the older AG patients.