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Zheng X, Xia C, Liu M, Wu H, Yan J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Gu Q, Li P. Role of folic acid in regulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids based on an in vitro fermentation model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:40. [PMID: 38175236 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Folic acid deficiency is common worldwide and is linked to an imbalance in gut microbiota. However, based on model animals used to study the utilization of folic acid by gut microbes, there are challenges of reproducibility and individual differences. In this study, an in vitro fecal slurry culture model of folic acid deficiency was established to investigate the effects of supplementation with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) and non-reduced folic acid (FA) on the modulation of gut microbiota. 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that both FA (29.7%) and MTHF (27.9%) supplementation significantly reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes compared with control case (34.3%). MTHF supplementation significantly improved the relative abundance of Firmicutes by 4.49%. Notably, compared with the control case, FA and MTHF supplementation promoted an increase in fecal levels of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Pediococcus. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis showed that folic acid supplementation decreased acetate levels and increased fermentative production of isobutyric acid. The in vitro fecal slurry culture model developed in this study can be utilized as a model of folic acid deficiency in humans to study the gut microbiota and demonstrate that exogenous folic acid affects the composition of the gut microbiota and the level of SCFAs. KEY POINTS: • Establishment of folic acid deficiency in an in vitro culture model. • Folic acid supplementation regulates intestinal microbes and SCFAs. • Connections between microbes and SCFAs after adding folic acid are built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Su C. Effects of folic acid deficiency on genetic damage in colorectal cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:3162-3171. [PMID: 37303636 PMCID: PMC10250996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of folic acid deficiency on genetic damage and mRNA expression in colorectal cancer cells. METHODS We cultured human colonic epithelial cells ccd-841-con and colonic adenocarcinoma cells Caco-2 with RPMI1640 medium in folic acid-deficient concentration (22.6 nM) and standard concentration (2260 nM), respectively. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytometer was used to evaluate and compare the genetic damage of the tested cells. Poly(a) tailing method and dual luciferase reporter gene detection system were used to analyze the expression of miR-200a and its relationship with miR-190. Furthermore, the miR-190 expression was measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS When folic acid was deficient for 21 days, the frequency of genetic damage was increased in both types of tested cells, and micronucleus, a marker associated with chromosome breakage, was dominant (P < 0.01). miR-200a targeted the 3'-UTR region of miR-190. In colonic epithelial cells ccd-841-con, the transcript levels of miR-200a and miR-190 were upregulated when folic acid was depleted for 21 days (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Folate deficiency can cause cytogenetic damage and affect the expression of miR-200a and miR-190 in rectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changlei Su
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
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Oley MC, Oley MH, Flapper W, Kepel REM, Faruk M. Evaluation of long-term results following surgical correction of frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocele. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 107:108278. [PMID: 37196479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocele (FEEM) is a neural tube defect with herniation of intracranial contents through the anterior skull base at the foramen cecum. Management is surgical and aims to remove the excess meningoencephalocele tissue and perform facial reconstruction. CASE PRESENTATION We report on two cases of FEEM that presented to our department. A diagnosis based on computed tomography scans revealed a defect in the nasoethmoidal region (case 1), and a defect was found in the nasofrontal bone (case 2). Surgery was performed using a direct incision over the lesion (case 1) and a bicoronal incision (case 2). Treatment in both cases gave a good outcome, and there was no increase in intracranial pressure and neurological deficits. DISCUSSION The management of FEEM is surgical. Appropriate timing and careful preoperative planning minimize the risks of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Both patients underwent surgery. Different techniques were required in each case, considering a significant difference between the lesion size and the resultant craniofacial deformity. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment planning is vital to achieving the best long-term outcome for these patients. In the next stage of patient development, follow-up examination plays a vital role so that further corrective actions can provide a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian Christian Oley
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia; Neuroscience Center, Department of Surgery, Siloam Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
| | - Mendy Hatibie Oley
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia; Craniofacial and Cleft Center, Department of Surgery, Siloam Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Walter Flapper
- Cleft and Craniofacial South Australia, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Muhammad Faruk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Wu YH, Lee YP, Chang JYF, Wang YP, Chiang CP, Sun A. High frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia in Taiwanese male patients with oral submucous fibrosis. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:407-413. [PMID: 36643223 PMCID: PMC9831841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background /purpose: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a betel quid chewing-caused oral mucosal disease with progressive collagen deposition. This study evaluated whether Taiwanese male OSF patients had high frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity. Materials and methods The blood hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA concentrations in 62 male OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 124 age-matched male healthy control subjects. Results We found that 5 (8.1%), 12 (19.4%), 32 (51.6%), 31 (50.0%), 22 (35.5%), and 6 (9.7%) of the 62 male OSF patients had Hb (<13 g/dL), iron (≤70 μg/dL), vitamin B12 (≤450 pg/mL), and folic acid (≤6 ng/mL) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (>12 μM), and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, OSF patients had significantly higher frequencies of Hb (P = 0.006), vitamin B12 (P < 0.001), and folic acid (P < 0.001) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (P < 0.001), and serum GPCA positivity (P = 0.030) than 124 healthy control subjects. Of the 22 OSF patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, 4 had vitamin B12 deficiency only, 7 had folic acid deficiency only, and 11 had both vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies. Conclusion We conclude that Taiwanese male OSF patients have high frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity. The hyperhomocysteinemia in our OSF patients is predominantly due to deficiencies of either vitamin B12 or folic acid or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Institute of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pang Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu-Fong Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Andy Sun
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
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Wu YH, Lee YP, Yu-Fong Chang J, Wang YP, Chiang CP, Sun A. Higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in vitamin B12-deficient Taiwanese male oral submucous fibrosis patients. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:367-73. [PMID: 36643275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background/purpose Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive fibrotic oral mucosal disease associated with betel quid chewing. This study evaluated whether Taiwanese male OSF patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (the serum vitamin B12 level ≤ 450 pg/mL, B12-deficient OSF patients) had high frequencies of blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity. Materials and methods The blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and GPCA concentrations in 66 Taiwanese male B12-deficient OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 132 age-matched healthy male control subjects. Results We found that 6 (9.1%), 19 (28.8%), 35 (53.0%), and 9 (13.6%) of the 66 B12-deficient OSF patients had blood Hb (<13 g/dL) and serum iron (≤70 μg/dL), and folic acid (≤6 ng/mL) deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, 66 OSF patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than 132 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.05). Of the 6 anemic B12-deficient OSF patients, one had macrocytic anemia, two normocytic anemia, and three thalassemia trait-induced anemia. Conclusion Taiwanese male B12-deficient OSF patients have high frequencies of blood Hb, serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity. The anemia and hematinic deficiencies in B12-deficient OSF patients are likely due to OSF symptoms and signs-caused insufficient intake, poor chewing, and malabsorption of hematinic elements from ingested food stuffs rather than the GPCA positivity.
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Zhang Y, Yuan H, Peng M, Hu Z, Fan Z, Xu J, He L, Wang Y, Wang W, Su Y, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhao K. Folic acid deficiency damages male reproduction via endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated PERK pathway induced by Caveolin-1 in mice. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 67:383-394. [PMID: 34474604 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1954724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid is critical to maintaining normal male reproductive function. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a crucial role in folic acid deficiency. Studies have shown that Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is involved in ER stress, but the specific mechanism in male reproduction is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of folic acid deficiency on spermatogenesis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice fed with folic acid deficiency induced diet(0.3 mg/kg) were used. A significant decrease in the sperm concentration in the folic acid deficiency group was observed. Meanwhile, folic acid deficiency decreased Cav-1 expression in the testis tissue and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress-related PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP gene expression. Our results suggest that folic acid deficiency can affect male reproduction through the Cav-1-PERK-eIFα-ATF4-CHOP pathway.Abbreviations: ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; Ca2+: calcium ion; Cav-1: Caveolin-1; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; CHOP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; DSB: double strand breakage; eIF2α: eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 alpha; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FD: folic acid deficiency; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; H3K4me3: histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation; PERK: protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; PI: propidium iodide; RT-qPCR: quantitative reverse transcription PCR; TUNEL: TdT mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfang Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Peng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunpan Fan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liting He
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufang Su
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wu YH, Lin PY, Yang JH, Jin YT, Wu YC. Higher serum homocysteine level and frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia in carcinoembryonic antigen-positive or squamous cell carcinoma-antigen-positive oral leukoplakia patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:2128-2135. [PMID: 34175159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Our previous study found significantly lower serum hematinic levels and higher serum homocysteine level as well as higher frequencies of serum hematinic deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia in oral leukoplakia (OL) patients than in healthy control subjects. This study evaluated whether carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-positive or squamous cell carcinoma-antigen (SCC-Ag)-positive OL patients had significantly lower serum hematinic levels and higher serum homocysteine level as well as significantly higher frequencies of hematinic deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia than CEA-negative or SCC-Ag-negative OL patients or healthy control subjects. METHODS The complete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels in 184 OL patients including 85 CEA-positive, 99 CEA-negative, 25 SCC-Ag-positive, and 159 SCC-Ag-negative OL patients and in 184 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were measured and compared. RESULTS We found that the 85 CEA-positive or 25 SCC-Ag-positive OL patients had a significantly lower mean serum folic acid level and a significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level as well as significantly higher frequencies of serum folic acid deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia than 184 healthy control subjects. Moreover, the 25 SCC-Ag-positive OL patients had a significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than the 159 SCC-Ag-negative OL patients. The 85 CEA-positive OL patients had a higher mean serum homocysteine level and a higher frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia than 99 CEA-negative OL patients (marginally significant, P = 0.060). CONCLUSION CEA-positive or SCC-Ag-positive OL patients tend to have a higher mean serum homocysteine level and a higher frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia than CEA-negative or SCC-Ag-negative OL patients, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tai Jin
- Department of Pathology, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Che Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Sijilmassi O, Del Río Sevilla A, Maldonado Bautista E, Barrio Asensio MDC. Gestational folic acid deficiency alters embryonic eye development: Possible role of basement membrane proteins in eye malformations. Nutrition 2021; 90:111250. [PMID: 33962364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Folic acid (FA) is crucial before and during early pregnancy. FA deficiency can occur because dietary FA intake is low in mothers at the time of conception. Likewise, various ocular pathologies are related to the alteration of extracellular matrices. The present study aimed to investigate the association between maternal FA deficiency and congenital eye defects. We also investigated whether maternal diet deficient in FA alters the expression of collagen IV and laminin-1 as a possible mechanism responsible for the appearance of ocular malformations. Both proteins are the main components of the basal lamina, and form an interlaced network that creates a relevant scaffold basement membrane. Basal laminae are involved in tissues maintenance and implicated in regulating many cellular processes. METHODS A total of 57 mouse embryos were classified into the following groups: Control group, (mothers were fed a standard rodent diet), and D2 and D8 groups (mothers were fed FA-deficient [FAD] diet for 2 or 8 wk, respectively). Female mice from group D2 were fed a FAD diet (0 mg/kg diet + 1% succinyl sulfathiazole used to block the synthesis of FA) for 2 wk from the day after mating until day 14.5 of gestation (E14.5). On the other hand, female mice from group D8 were fed a FAD diet for 8 wk (6 wk before conception and during the first 2 wk of pregnancy). For the data analysis, we first estimated the incidence of malformations in each group. Then, the statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25.0. Expression patterns of collagen IV and laminin-1 were examined with the immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS Our results showed that mice born to FA-deficient mothers had several congenital eye abnormalities. Embryos from dams fed a short-term FAD diet were found to have many significant abnormalities in both anterior and posterior segments, as well as choroidal vessel abnormalities. However, embryos from dams fed a long-term FAD diet had a significantly higher incidence of eye defects. Finally, maternal FA deficiency increased the expression of both collagen IV and laminin-1. Likewise, changes in the spatial localization and organization of collagen IV were observed. CONCLUSIONS A maternal FAD diet for a short-term period causes eye developmental defects and induces overexpression of both collagen IV and laminin-1. The malformations observed are probably related to alterations in the expression of basement membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Sijilmassi
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aurora Del Río Sevilla
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Maldonado Bautista
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Barrio Asensio
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
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Shipton MJ, Johal NJ, Dutta N, Slater C, Iqbal Z, Ahmed B, Ammori BJ, Senapati S, Akhtar K, Summers LKM, New JP, Soran H, Adam S, Syed AA. Haemoglobin and Hematinic Status Before and After Bariatric Surgery over 4 years of Follow-Up. Obes Surg 2021; 31:682-693. [PMID: 32875517 PMCID: PMC7847875 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bariatric surgery is associated with deficiencies of vitamins and minerals, and patients are routinely advised supplements postoperatively. We studied prevalence of vitamin B12, folate and iron deficiencies and anaemia before and after bariatric surgery over 4 years of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 353 people with obesity, including 257 (72.8%) women, who underwent gastric bypass (252, 71.4%) or sleeve gastrectomy (101, 28.6%) at our National Health Service bariatric centre in Northwest England. RESULTS At baseline, mean (standard error) age was 46.0 (0.6) years, body mass index 53.1 (0.4) kg/m2, serum vitamin B12 400.2 (16.4) pg/L, folate 7.7 (0.2) μg/L, iron 12.0 (0.3) μmol/L, ferritin 118.3 (8.4) μg/L and haemoglobin 137.9 (0.8) g/L. Frequency of low vitamin B12 levels reduced from 7.5% preoperatively to 2.3% at 48 months (P < 0.038). Mean folate levels increased from baseline to 48 months by 5.3 μg/L (P < 0.001) but frequency of low folate levels increased from 4.7% preoperatively to 10.3% (P < 0.048). Ferritin levels increased from baseline to 48 months by 51.3 μg/L (P < 0.009). Frequency of low ferritin levels was greater in women (39.1%) than in men (8.9%) at baseline (P < 0.001) and throughout the study period. Haemoglobin was low in 4.6% of all patients at baseline with no significant change over the study period. CONCLUSION There were notable rates of haematinic insufficiencies in bariatric surgical candidates preoperatively. Our study lends further support to regular supplementation with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron in people undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neel Dutta
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | - Zohaib Iqbal
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Babur Ahmed
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Basil J Ammori
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Siba Senapati
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Lucinda K M Summers
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John P New
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Handrean Soran
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Safwaan Adam
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Akheel A Syed
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Chiang CP, Wu YC, Chang JYF, Wang YP, Wu YH, Sun A. Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in atrophic glossitis patients with or without hyperhomocysteinemia. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 119:544-552. [PMID: 31444017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Our previous study found that 127 of 1064 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients have hyperhomocysteinemia. This study assessed whether the AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia or healthy control subjects. METHODS The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 127 AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, 937 AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia, and 532 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. RESULTS We found that 127 AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies and serum GPCA positivity than 532 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.001) and significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and serum GPCA positivity than 937 AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia (all P-values < 0.001). Moreover, 127 AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of macrocytic anemia and significantly lower frequencies of normocytic anemia than 937 AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia (both P-values < 0.001). Pernicious anemia (22 cases) was found only in AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia but not in AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia. CONCLUSION AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects and significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Che Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu-Fong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Sun
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Allain JS, Belhomme N, Henriot B, Haas M, Le Gall-Godard M, Pastoret C, Jego P. [A microcytic sideroblastic anemia successfully treated with B6 vitamin]. Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:462-465. [PMID: 31133329 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sideroblastic anemia is a rare cause of microcytic anemia, which is characterized by ring sideroblasts on bone marrow aspirate. This anemia can be congenital or acquired. CASE REPORT We report the case of an alcoholic 49-year-old man who presented with a severe microcytic sideroblastic anemia related to pyridoxine (B6 vitamin) deficiency. Acid folic deficiency was associated. The blood count normalized within one month after vitamin supplementation. CONCLUSION Pyridoxine deficiency must be sought in sideroblastic anemia in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Allain
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Pôle médecine, cardiovasculaire et métabolisme, centre hospitalier de Saint-Malo, 35400 Saint-Malo, France.
| | - N Belhomme
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - B Henriot
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, centre hospitalier René-Pleven, CHU de Rennes, 22100 Dinan, France
| | - M Haas
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - M Le Gall-Godard
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - C Pastoret
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Inserm, UMR U1236, université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - P Jego
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
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12
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Haußmann R, Sauer C, Neumann S, Zweiniger A, Lange J, Donix M. [Folic acid and vitamin B12 determination in the assessment of cognitive disorders : Overview and data analysis from a university outpatient memory clinic]. Nervenarzt 2019; 90:1162-9. [PMID: 30968196 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-0710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies are particularly frequent conditions in older people. Since these metabolic disorders represent relevant dyscognitive factors, the assessment of vitamin B12 and folic acid levels is essential in the diagnostic approach of cognitive disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia in an outpatient memory clinic. This article summarizes the relevant diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and their effects on cognition. The literature review is supplemented by a data analysis of a naturalistic cohort of 250 patients from this outpatient memory clinic.
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Sijilmassi O. Folic acid deficiency and vision: a review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:1573-80. [PMID: 30919078 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (FA), also termed folate, is an essential vitamin for health at all ages since it participates in the biosynthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, neurotransmitters, and certain vitamins. It is therefore crucial for rapidly growing tissues such as those of the fetus. It is becoming clear that FA deficiency and impaired folate pathways are implicated in many diseases of both early life and old age. FA can be transported into the cell by the folate receptor, the reduced folate transporter, and proton-coupled folate transporter. Folate transport proteins are present in certain eye tissues, which explains why FA plays an important role in eye development. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the evidence relating FA deficiency to eye diseases.
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Nakamura T, Nishi M, Rikitake M, Koga D, Eto J, Tajima D, Toda S, Matsuo M. A case of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to folic acid and copper deficiency. Brain Dev 2019; 41:111-115. [PMID: 30104084 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD) is a rare neurologic disorder manifesting progressive symptoms of paresthesia and spastic paralysis. Herein we present an autopsy case of SACD caused by folic acid and copper deficiency. A 16-year-old male presented with gradually worsening unsteady gait, and bladder and rectal dysfunction. He had a medical history of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), diagnosed 1.5 years previously. The patient had undergone chemotherapy, including methotrexate, as well as allogeneic bone mallow transplantation. Laboratory tests revealed normal vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid concentration, but reduced serum copper, ceruloplasmin and folic acid concentrations. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed symmetrical T2 signal hyperintensities in the posterior and lateral spinal cord. The patient was treated with oral copper, oral folate, and intravenous vitamin B12. A month after this treatment, the patient's symptoms were unchanged, and 2 months later he died of acute adrenal insufficiency. The pathological findings of the spinal cord were compatible with SACD. Because SACD is usually reversible with early treatment, it should be suspected in high-risk patients undergoing chemotherapy or those who are malnourished with characteristic symptoms of SACD, even in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Ureshino Medical Center, 2436 Ureshino, Saga 843-0393, Japan.
| | - Masanori Nishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mihoko Rikitake
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Eto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Saga-ken Medical Center Koseikan, 400 Nakabaru, Kase-machi, Saga 840-8571, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, 2430 Watada, Karatsu, Saga 847-8588, Japan
| | - Shuji Toda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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Sijilmassi O, López-Alonso JM, Del Río Sevilla A, Murillo González J, Barrio Asensio MDC. Biometric Alterations of Mouse Embryonic Eye Structures Due to Short-Term Folic Acid Deficiency. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:428-435. [PMID: 30403890 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1545911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Folic acid (FA) is an essential nutrient for normal embryonic development. FA deficiency (FAD) in maternal diet increases the risk of several defects among the progeny, especially, neural tube defects. The eye begins its development from the neural tube; however, the relationship between FAD and ocular development in the offspring has been little explored and it isn't known how the FAD affects the formation of the eye. Our objective was to analyze the effect of maternal FAD on mouse embryos ocular biometry. METHODS Female mice C57/BL/6J were distributed into three different groups, according to the assigned diet: control group fed a standard FA diet (2 mg FA/kg), FAD group for short term fed (0 mg FA/kg + 1% succinylsulfathiazole) from the day after mating until day 14.5 of gestation, and FAD group for long term fed the same FA-deficient diet for 6 weeks prior mating and continued with this diet during gestation. A total of 57 embryos (19 embryos of each dietary group) at 14.5 gestational days were evaluated. As indicators of changes in ocular biometry, we analyze two parameters: area and circularity of the lens and whole eye, and the area of the retina. The program used in the treatment and selection of the areas of interest was ImageJ. The statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 19. RESULTS Regarding the measures of the area, FA-deficient lenses and eyes were smaller than that of controls. We have also observed increase in the size of the neural retina, spatially, in embryos from females fed FAD diet during long term. On the other hand, as regard to circularity measures, we have seen that eyes and lenses were more circular than control. CONCLUSION Maternal FAD diet for a very short term generates morphological changes in ocular structures to the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Sijilmassi
- a Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Human Embryology Department , Universidad Complutense De Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Optics Department , Universidad Complutense De Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Manuel López-Alonso
- b Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Optics Department , Universidad Complutense De Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Aurora Del Río Sevilla
- a Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Human Embryology Department , Universidad Complutense De Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jorge Murillo González
- c Faculty of medicine, Anatomy and Human Embryology Department , Universidad Complutense De Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Barrio Asensio
- a Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Human Embryology Department , Universidad Complutense De Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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16
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Sijilmassi O, López-Alonso JM, Barrio Asensio MDC, Del Río Sevilla A. Alteration of lens and retina textures from mice embryos with folic acid deficiency: image processing analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 257:111-123. [PMID: 30392021 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-4176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Folic acid (FA) is an essential vitamin for embryonic development. It plays particularly a critical role in RNA, DNA and protein synthesis. On the other hand, the collagen IV and laminin-1 are important proteins during embryonic development. This study was done to find if FA deficiency at a short and a long term in mothers could alter the tissue texture of retina and lens of the progeny. METHODS Collagen IV and laminin-1 were localized by immunohistochemistry in the lens and retina of the FA-deficient embryos. To carry out the image processing, texture segmentation was performed through canny edge detection and Fourier transform (FT). We defined a parameter, the grain size, to describe the texture of the lens and retina. A bootstrap method to estimate the distribution and confidence intervals of the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis of the grain size has been developed. RESULTS Analysis through image processing using Matlab showed changes in the grain size between control- and FA-deficient groups in both studied molecules. Measures of texture based on FT exhibited changes in the directionality and arrangements of type IV collagen and laminin-1. CONCLUSIONS Changes introduced by FA deficiency were visible in the short term (2 weeks) and evident in the long term (8 weeks) in both grain size and orientation of fibre structures in the tissues analysed (lens and retina). This is the first work devoted to study the effect of FA deficit in the texture of eye tissues using image processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Sijilmassi
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Human Embryology Department, Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain. .,Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Manuel López-Alonso
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Barrio Asensio
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Human Embryology Department, Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Del Río Sevilla
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Human Embryology Department, Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
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Chiang CP, Wu YH, Yu-Fong Chang J, Wang YP, Chen HM, Sun A. Serum thyroid autoantibodies are not associated with anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with Behcet's disease. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:256-262. [PMID: 30895129 PMCID: PMC6388837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Our previous study found that 13 of 63 recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)/Behcet's disease (BD) patients have thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) positivity and/or thyroid microsomal antibody (TMA) positivity (TGA/TMA positivity) but without gastric parietal cell antibody positivity. This study mainly assessed whether the serum TGA/TMA positivity was significantly associated with anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in TGA/TMA-positive RAS/BD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mean blood hemoglobin (Hb), iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels were measured and compared between 13 TGA/TMA-positive RAS/BD patients and 41 gastric and thyroid antibodies-negative RAS/BD patients (Abs־RAS/BD patients) or 126 healthy control subjects. RESULTS We found no significant differences in the mean blood Hb, iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine leve1s as well as no significant differences in the frequencies of blood Hb and folic acid deficiencies and of hyperhomocysteinemia between 13 TGA/TMA-positive RAS/BD patients and 41 Abs־RAS/BD patients. The 41 Abs־RAS/BD patients even had a significantly greater frequency of serum iron deficiency than the 13 TGA/TMA-positive RAS/BD patients. Moreover, although a significant greater frequency of anemia was demonstrated in 13 TGA/TMA-positive RAS/BD patients than in 126 healthy control subjects, there were no significant differences in the mean serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels as well as no significant differences in the frequencies of serum iron and folic acid deficiencies and of hyperhomocysteinemia between 13 TGA/TMA-positive RAS/BD patients and 126 healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION The serum TGA/TMA-positivity is not significantly associated with anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in TGA/TMA-positive RAS/BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu-Fong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Sun
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chiang CP, Yu-Fong Chang J, Wu YH, Sun A, Wang YP, Chen HM. Hematinic deficiencies and anemia in gastric parietal cell antibody-positive and -negative oral submucous fibrosis patients. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:68-74. [PMID: 30895097 PMCID: PMC6388861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Previous studies showed that approximately 13-15% of male oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients are serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA)-positive. This study assessed whether serum GPCA or OSF itself was a significant factor that caused hematinic deficiencies and anemia statuses in GPCA-positive or GPCA-negative OSF patients (GPCA+/OSF and GPCA-/OSF patients). MATERIALS AND METHODS The frequencies of macrocytosis (mean corpuscular volume or MCV ≧ 100 fL) and blood hemoglobin (Hb), iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies were determined and compared between any two of the four groups of 149 male OSF, 23 male GPCA+/OSF, and 126 male GPCA-/OSF patients and 149 age-matched male healthy control subjects. RESULTS All three groups of OSF patients (including 149 OSF, 23 GPCA+/OSF, and 126 GPCA-/OSF patients) had a significantly higher frequency of Hb, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiency and of macrocytosis than 149 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.05). The 23 GPCA+/OSF patients did have a significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 level and a significantly higher MCV or frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency than the 126 GPCA-/OSF patients. Two of the 23 GPCA+/OSF patients had pernicious anemia. Of the 126 GPCA-/OSF patients, 6 had macrocytic anemia, 2 had iron deficiency anemia, and 4 had thalassemia trait-induced anemia. CONCLUSION We conclude that OSF itself does play a significant role in causing hematinic deficiencies and anemia in OSF, GPCA+/OSF, and GPCA-/OSF patients. The serum GPCA is the major factor that causes vitamin B12 deficiency, macrocytosis, and pernicious anemia in GPCA+/OSF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu-Fong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Sun
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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González-Fernández D, Pons EDC, Rueda D, Sinisterra OT, Murillo E, Scott ME, Koski KG. C-reactive protein is differentially modulated by co-existing infections, vitamin deficiencies and maternal factors in pregnant and lactating indigenous Panamanian women. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:94. [PMID: 28571565 PMCID: PMC5455098 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The usefulness of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a non-specific marker of inflammation during pregnancy and lactation is unclear in impoverished populations where co-existing infections and vitamin deficiencies are common. Methods This cross-sectional study in Panama recruited 120 pregnant and 99 lactating Ngäbe-Buglé women from 14 communities in rural Panama. Obstetric history, indoor wood smoke exposure, fieldwork, BMI, vitamins A, B12, D, and folic acid, and inflammation markers (CRP, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), plateletcrit and cytokines) were measured. Multiple regressions explored both associations of CRP with other inflammatory markers and associations of CRP and elevated CRP based on trimester-specific cut-offs with maternal factors, infections and vitamin deficiencies. Results CRP was higher in pregnancy (51.4 ± 4.7 nmol/L) than lactation (27.8 ± 3.5 nmol/L) and was elevated above trimester specific cut-offs in 21% of pregnant and 30% of lactating women. Vitamin deficiencies were common (vitamin A 29.6%; vitamin D 68.5%; vitamin B12 68%; folic acid 25.5%) and over 50% of women had two or more concurrent deficiencies as well as multiple infections. Multiple regression models highlighted differences in variables associated with CRP between pregnancy and lactation. In pregnancy, CRP was positively associated with greater indoor wood smoke exposure, caries and hookworm and negatively associated with Ascaris and vaginal Lactobacillus and Bacteroides/Gardnerella scores. Consistent with this, greater wood smoke exposure, caries as well as higher diplococcal infection score increased the odds of trimester-elevated CRP concentrations whereas longer gestational age lowered the likelihood of a trimester-elevated CRP. During lactation, folic acid deficiency was associated with higher CRP whereas parity, number of eosinophils and Mobiluncus score were associated with lower CRP. Also, a higher BMI and Trichomonas vaginalis score increased the likelihood of an elevated CRP whereas higher parity and number of eosinophils were associated with lower likelihood of an elevated CRP. Conclusions Infections both raise and lower CRP concentrations in pregnant and lactating mothers. Only folic acid deficiency during lactation was associated with higher CRP concentrations. Caution is required when interpreting CRP concentrations in pregnant and lactating women who have co-existing nutrient deficiencies and multiple infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0307-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris González-Fernández
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Delfina Rueda
- "Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé" Health Region, Ministry of Health, San Félix, Chiriquí Province, Panama
| | - Odalis Teresa Sinisterra
- "Panamá Norte" Health Region, Ministry of Health, Las Cumbres Square, Transithmian Highway, Panama City, Panama
| | - Enrique Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Panama, Simón Bolivar Avenue (Transithmian Highway), Panama City, Panama.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Panama, Manuel Espinoza Batista and Jose De Fabrega Avenues, Panama City, Panama
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3 V9, Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between serum folic acid, vitamin B12 and ferritin of mother and child and to study various neonatal risk factors as a cause of anemia in children. METHODS One hundred eighty children two months to two years of age admitted in the department of Pediatric Medicine of The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahore from January 2013 to January 2015 with common medical conditions having anemia were included. Complete blood count (CBC), serum ferritin level, folic acid and Vitamin (Vit) B12 level were sent of children and their mothers. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Out of 180 children with anemia, 66.7% were males. Mean age of children was 7.3months. Fifty-five percent children were malnourished according to z scoring. The mean Hemoglobin (Hb) of children was 8 g/dl. Only 4% children had low ferritin level while 60% had low folic acid and 45% had decreased VitB12. There was significant correlation between Hb of mother and child (p =0.02), Vit B12 deficiency (p=0.008) and iron deficiency (p<0.001). Premature children had lower folic acid levels (p =0.02), while prematurity, IUGR, previous admission and history of sepsis showed no association with anemia in our study. Both breast-feeding and top feeding showed significant association with anemia with p-value of 0.042 and 0.003 respectively while dilution showed no impact on anemia. CONCLUSION Maternal anemia has a significant impact on child's hemoglobin. As compared to previous concept of increased iron deficiency in children we found increased occurrence of folic acid and VitB12 deficiency in children and their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zeeshan
- Fatima Zeeshan, MRCPCH, FCPS. Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Attia Bari
- Attia Bari, DCH, MCPS, FCPS. Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Farhan
- Saima Farhan, FCPS. Department of Microbiology, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Jabeen
- Uzma Jabeen, FCPS. Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Waheed Rathore
- Ahsan Waheed Rathore, MRCP, MRCPCH, FRCP. Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
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Gupta A, Kapil U, Ramakrishnan L, Pandey RM, Yadav CP. Prevalence of Vitamin B(12) and Folate Deficiency in School Children Residing at High Altitude Regions in India. Indian J Pediatr 2017; 84:289-93. [PMID: 28108882 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies among children residing at high altitude regions of Himachal Pradesh, India. METHODS A total of 215 school children in the age group of 6-18 y were included. Biochemical estimation of serum vitamin B12 and folate levels was undertaken using chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The consumption pattern of foods high in dietary vitamin B12 and folate was recorded using Food Frequency Questionnaire. RESULTS The median levels (interquartile range) of serum vitamin B12 and folate were 326 (259-395) pg/ml and 7.7 (6-10) ng/ml respectively. The prevalence of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency amongst school age children was found as 7.4% and 1.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS A low prevalence of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies was found amongst children aged 6-18 y living at high altitude regions in India. This is possibly due to high frequency of consumption of foods rich in vitamin B12 and folate.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since Canada began fortifying grain products with folic acid in 1998, the rate of folate deficiency in outpatients has decreased substantially. Limited data exist on the prevalence of folate deficiency in Canadian hospital inpatients. METHODS The electronic patient record at a large urban academic institution was reviewed for all red blood cell folate and vitamin B12 level tests performed on inpatients between January 1 and December 31, 2010. Chart reviews were performed on patients found to have folate deficiency to determine the indication for folate testing and the etiology of deficiency. RESULTS There were 2563 red blood cell folate and 3154 vitamin B12 level tests performed in 2010. Of these, only 4 (0.16%) red blood cell folate levels were in the deficient range (<254 nmol/L), compared with 98 (3.1%) and 426 (13.5%) vitamin B12 levels that were in the deficient (<138 pmol/L) and intermediate (138-221 pmol/L) range, respectively. Of the 4 patients with folate deficiency, the etiology appeared to be alcohol abuse in one, a malabsorption syndrome in the second, decreased oral intake due to schizophrenia in the third, with the final low folate level appearing to be spurious. At a cost of $12.54 per test, $32,140 could be saved each year at this institution if red blood cell folate testing on inpatients was restricted. CONCLUSION Folate deficiency in inpatients is nearly nonexistent, while an appreciable number of patients have low/intermediate vitamin B12 levels. Significant savings could be achieved by eliminating folate testing on inpatients.
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Ceylan E, Ekinci M, Aksu N, Kartal B, Tanyıldız B, Çinici E, Keleş S, Çağatay HH, Hüseyinoğlu N. Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thinning Secondary to Nutritional Folic Acid Deficiency. Neuroophthalmology 2014; 38:135-139. [PMID: 27928289 DOI: 10.3109/01658107.2013.874455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid has a fundamental role in central nervous system (CNS) function at all ages, especially the methionine synthase-mediated conversion of homocysteine to methionine, which is essential for nucleotide synthesis and genomic and non-genomic methylation. Folic acid and vitamin B12 may have roles in the prevention of disorders of CNS development, mood disorders, and dementias, including Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia in elderly people. The authors examined the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) in patients with nutritional folic acid deficiency using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients were divided into two groups according to blood folic acid levels: blood folic acid <7 nmol/L as Group 1 and >7 nmol/L as Group 2. Peripapillary RNFL measurements were performed. There were significant positive correlations between serum folate levels and RNFLT in all quadrants (p < 0.05), except for the temportal quadrant (p = 0.41).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinç Ceylan
- Erzurum Training and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic Erzurum Turkey
| | - Metin Ekinci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kafkas University Medical School Merkez, Kars Turkey
| | - Nihan Aksu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Baki Kartal
- Erzurum Training and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic Erzurum Turkey
| | - Burak Tanyıldız
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Emine Çinici
- Erzurum Training and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic Erzurum Turkey
| | - Sadullah Keleş
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Atatürk Erzurum Turkey
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Abstract
Government health authorities approved, in December 2002, the ANVISA (National Sanitary Vigilance Agency) resolution number 344, making the addition of iron and folic acid to all wheat and maize flours industrialized in Brazil obligatory. After a brief review of iron deficiency, iron overload and folic acid deficiency several questions and remarks need to be made about this universal food fortification program. Iron salts and folic acid are drugs widely used in medicine and they may present undesirable side effects. There are potential risks with offering iron to the normal population for a long period of time and to patients with iron overload. Other important remarks are: there is no medical follow up of this treatment in the Brazilian population; patients can decide the quantity of foods (and of these nutrients) that they want to ingest; fortified foods may correct iron deficiency anemia but not necessarily the causes, which include gastrointestinal neoplasms; and folic acid in the diet may interfere with several treatment protocols that use folic acid antagonists, such as methotrexate. Finally, with the exception of some social programs, the costs of treatment using fortified foods are passed on to the population. Considering that Brazil has 330,000 active medical doctors it is suggested that our Health Ministry should invite them to take care of these important medical conditions.
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Mobasheri E, Keshtkar A, Golalipour MJ. Maternal folate and vitamin b(12) status and neural tube defects in northern iran: a case control study. Iran J Pediatr 2010; 20:167-73. [PMID: 23056699 PMCID: PMC3446032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the serum level of folic acid and vitamin B12 in neural tube defects pregnancies (NTD) and healthy controls in Northern Iran. METHODS This case-control study was performed on women with neural tube defects pregnancies and controls with unaffected pregnancies in Northern Iran during 2006. Twenty three pregnant women whose pregnancies were diagnosed as NTD by a second-trimester ultrasonographic examination were recruited as cases. The control group (n=23) consisted of women who were selected among socio-economic status (SES) matched women who had a normal targeted ultrasound during the second trimester with documented normal fet al outcome. Fetal NTD was suspected with targeted second-trimester ultrasound during the 16(th) week of gestation and confirmed with high maternal serum α-fetoprotein levels. Folate, vitamin B(12), homocysteine and alpha fetoprotein were evaluated after target ultrasonography. FINDINGS Serum alpha fetoprotein level (mean±SD) in cases and controls was 120.2±64.1 and 50±33.5 iu/ml, respectively (P<0.05). The mean±SD folate in cases and controls was 8.4±4.2 versus 9.3±4.2 ng/ml, respectively. This difference was not significant. Folate deficiency was found in 30.4% of the cases and 13% of the controls (OR=2.9, 95%: 0.54-19.8). Vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 13% of cases and 17.7% of the controls (OR=0.7, 95%: 0.1-4.9). CONCLUSION This study showed that the probability of having a newborn with NTDs in maternal folate deficiency is three times higher than with normal folate in Northern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahm Mobasheri
- Department of Gynecology, Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Social Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad-Jafar Golalipour
- Department of Embryology, Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional anemia (NA) is common in India. While iron deficiency (ID) is a well recognized cause of NA, prevalence of deficiencies of other hematinics is not systematically investigated. SETTING Seventy students of a junior class of a polytechnic and 202 inmates of girl students home were taken up for study. METHODS Students were given a questionnaire to elicit anemia related symptoms. Blood was collected for complete blood count (CBC), serum ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12. Students of polytechnic received hematinic at bed time during their menstrual periods whereas inmates of students home received hematinic at bed time, 3 days in a week. After 6 months blood tests were repeated in those who completed the treatment. CBC was done on Coulter counter and ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12 were assayed by chemiluminescence. Students were divided into three groups-(1) Control group with Hb 12.0 g/dl or more and ferritin 15.0 ng/ml or more; (2) ID Group with Hb 12.0 g/dl or more and ferritin less than 15.0 ng/ml; and (3) Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) group with Hb less tha 12.0 g/dl and ferritin less than 15.0 ng/ml. STATISTICS Basal parameters of three groups were compared using students t test. Change in parameters with treatment was compared using paired students t test. RESULTS Median age-16 years (range 10-25). Anemia ( Hb < 12.0 g/dl)-94 (34.6%); MCV < 80 fl-153 (56.3%); MCH < 27 pg-167 (61.4%); Ferritin < 15.0 ng/ml-161 (59.2%); Folic acid < 3.5 ng/ml-34 (12.5%); Vitamin B12 < 258 pg/ml-133 (48.9%) Pre-therapy: (1) Hb, MCV, MCH and ferritin significantly lower in ID and IDA Groups compared to control group. (2) Hb, MCV, MCH and Ferritin significantly lower in IDA Group as compared to ID Group. POST-THERAPY: (1) IDA group showed significant increase in Hb, MCV, MCH, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12. (2) final Hb (11.26+1.07) and ferritin (7.46+4.81) in IDA Group were subnormal. (3) MCV, MCH, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12 increased significantly in ID Group and control group. CONCLUSIONS (1) Nutritional anemia is common amongst asymptomatic young female students. (2) Deficiencies of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 are common and coexist. (3) 105 mg elemental iron for 3 days in a week for 6 months is not adequate to correct IDA. (4) 105 mg iron for 3 days in a week is enough to correct ID. (5) Non-anemic individuals with ID have iron deficient erythropoiesis. (6) Non-anemic individuals without ID, in this cohort, also had iron deficient eryhtropoiesis.
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