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Li W, Duan Z, Sun M, Shen P, Yang H, Zhong X, Zhang Y, Hu X, Bao J. Grafting Carbon Fibers with Graphene via a One-Pot Aryl Diazonium Reaction to Refine the Interface Performance of T1100-Grade CF/BMI Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3288. [PMID: 38998370 PMCID: PMC11243492 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a one-pot aryl diazonium reaction was used as a simple and mild method to graft graphene onto the smooth and inert surface of T1100-grade carbon fiber (CF) through covalent bonding without any damage on CF, to refine the interface performance of CF/bismaleimide (BMI) composites. XPS, SEM, AFM, and dynamic contact angle testing (DCAT) were used to characterize chemical activity, morphologies, and wettability on untreated and grafted CF surfaces. Meanwhile, the impact of the graft method on the tensile strength of CF was also examined using the monofilament tensile test. IFSS between CF grafted with graphene and BMI resin achieved 104.2 MPa after modification, increasing from 85.5 MPa by 21.8%, while the tensile strength did not decrease compared to the pristine CF. The mechanism of this interface enhancement might be better chemical bonding and mechanical interlock between CF grafted with graphene and BMI resin, which is generated from the high surface chemical activity and rough structure of graphene. This study may propose a simple and mild method to functionalize the CF surface and enhance the interface performance of composites without compromising the tensile properties of T1100-grade CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AVIC Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Ziqi Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AVIC Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Mingchen Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AVIC Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Huanzhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AVIC Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AVIC Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AVIC Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianwen Bao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AVIC Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
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Sun M, Li X, Liu H, Huang C, Wang K, Zhao Y. Effect of Electrochemical Aryl Diazonium Salt Modification on Interfacial Properties of CF/PEEK Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2899. [PMID: 38930269 PMCID: PMC11205015 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The interfacial properties between carbon fiber (CF) and thermoplastic resin are relatively weak, which can be problematic for composites in structural applications. Improving the surface roughness of CF is regarded as an effective way to enhance the interface of composites. However, most CF modifying methods are complex and time-consuming, which cannot meet the demand for industrial production. Therefore, it is of great significance to research a fast technique of CF surface modification to strengthen the interface of composites. Herein, a one-pot reaction based on the aryl diazonium salt modification was applied to enhance the interface between CF and poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) resin. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were linked to CF by p-phenylenediamine (PPD) via cyclic voltammetry (CV). The surface morphology, chemical characteristics and surface energy of modified CF illustrated the effectiveness of this method, and the interfacial properties of as-prepared modified CF/PEEK demonstrated the increased tendency. All the CF was treated within 5 min and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF/PEEK was increased to the maximum of 99.62 MPa by aryl diazonium salt modification. This work may shed some light on the industrialized application of CF reinforced high-performance engineering thermoplastic composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.S.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (C.H.); (K.W.)
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Roshani M, Nematollahi D, Ansari A, Adib K, Masoudi-Khoram M. Boosted electrocatalytic oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides by a novel high-efficiency CeO 2-Doped PbO 2 anode: An electrochemical study, parameter optimization and degradation mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140597. [PMID: 37925025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a novel and highly efficient electrocatalytic degradation method for two significant organophosphorus pesticides, fenitrothion (FEN), and methyl parathion (MPN), using a Ti/β-PbO2-CeO2 modified anode (indirect oxidation). A comprehensive electrochemical investigation was also carried out to gain new insight into the redox behavior and destruction pathway of these pesticides (direct oxidation). The study also explores the effects of various operating parameters, such as initial solution pH, applied current density, and initial pesticides concentration, on the conversion-paired electrocatalytic removal process. To further enhance the degradation efficiency, a new configuration of the electrochemical cell was designed, employing two types of electrodes and two independent power supply devices. The conversion paired electrocatalytic degradation process of these pesticides involves first the direct reduction of FEN (or MPN) on a graphite cathode and then the indirect oxidation of reduced FEN (or MPN) by hydroxyl radicals electro generated on the Ti/β-PbO2-CeO2 anode. The synergism of these two processes together will effectively lead to FEN (or MPN) degradation. The degradation percentages of 98% for FEN and 95% for MPN at the optimal conditions for the electrochemical degradation of these pesticides were achieved at pH = 7, initial concentration 50 mg L-1, with a current density of 90 mA cm-2 for direct reduction and 11 mA cm-2 for indirect oxidation. Overall, this study presents a promising and efficient approach for the remediation of organophosphorus pesticide-contaminated environments, offering valuable insights into the electrochemical degradation process and highlighting the potential for practical application in wastewater treatment and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Roshani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38683, Iran
| | - Davood Nematollahi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38683, Iran.
| | - Amin Ansari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38683, Iran.
| | - Koroush Adib
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, 1955735345, Iran
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Li T, Ciampi S, Darwish N. The Surface Potential of Zero Charge Controls the Kinetics of Diazonium Salts Electropolymerization. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Li
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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Dominguez-Alfaro A, Chau NDQ, Yan S, Mancino D, Pamulapati S, Williams S, Taylor LW, Dewey OS, Pasquali M, Prato M, Bianco A, Criado A. Electrochemical modification of carbon nanotube fibres. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9313-9322. [PMID: 35579037 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent modification of the surface of carbon nanotube fibres (CNTFs) through electrochemical reduction of para-substituted phenyldiazonium salts and electrochemical oxidation of an aliphatic diamine is described. Following these strategies, diverse surface functionalities have been introduced while preserving the fibre bulk properties. The corresponding modified CNTFs were fully characterised by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, exhibiting different surface properties from those of the unmodified CNTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ngoc Do Quyen Chau
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stephen Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Donato Mancino
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sushma Pamulapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Steven Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Lauren W Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Oliver S Dewey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley-Curl Institute, The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Rúa As Carballeiras, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
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Sachan P, Mondal PC. Versatile electrochemical approaches towards the fabrication of molecular electronic devices. Analyst 2020; 145:1563-1582. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01948k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We highlight state-of-the-art electrochemical approaches for diazonium electroreduction on various electrodes that may be suitable for flexible molecular electronic junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sachan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
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8
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Lebègue E, Costa NL, Fonseca BM, Louro RO, Barrière F. Electrochemical properties of pH-dependent flavocytochrome c3 from Shewanella putrefaciens adsorbed onto unmodified and catechol-modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Jacques A, Saad A, Chehimi MM, Poleunis C, Delcorte A, Delhalle J, Mekhalif Z. Nitinol Modified by In Situ Generated Diazonium Salts as Adhesion Promoters for Photopolymerized Pyrrole. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amory Jacques
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Surfaces (CES)University of Namur rue de Bruxelles, 61 B-5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Ali Saad
- Laboratory of MaterialsMolecules and Applications, IPESTUniversity of Carthage Sidi Bou Said road, B.P. 51 2070 La Marsa Tunisia
| | | | - Claude Poleunis
- Université Catholique de LouvainInstitute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) Croix du Sud 1 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Université Catholique de LouvainInstitute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) Croix du Sud 1 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Joseph Delhalle
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Surfaces (CES)University of Namur rue de Bruxelles, 61 B-5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Zineb Mekhalif
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Surfaces (CES)University of Namur rue de Bruxelles, 61 B-5000 Namur Belgium
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Lebègue E, Louro RO, Barrière F. Electrochemical Detection of pH-Responsive Grafted Catechol and Immobilized Cytochrome c onto Lipid Deposit-Modified Glassy Carbon Surface. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9035-9042. [PMID: 31459037 PMCID: PMC6644398 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical systems of both grafted catechol as a pH-responsive electrophore and immobilized cytochrome c as a model redox protein are detected by cyclic voltammetry at an optimized lipid deposit-modified glassy carbon electrode. The catechol covalent grafting is successfully performed by the one-pot/three-step electrochemical reduction of 3,4-dihydroxybenzenediazonium salts generated in situ from 4-nitrocatechol. The resulting glassy carbon electrode electrochemically modified by grafted catechol species is evaluated as an efficient electrochemical pH sensor. The optimized molar ratio for the lipid deposit, promoting cytochrome c electrochemical activity in solution onto glassy carbon electrode, is reached for the lipid mixture composed of 75% 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 25% cardiolipin. Cytochrome c immobilization into the optimized supported lipid deposit is efficiently achieved by cyclic voltammetry (10 cycles) recorded at the modified glassy carbon electrode in a cytochrome c solution. The pH-dependent redox response of the grafted catechol and that of the immobilized cytochrome c are finally detected at the same lipid-modified glassy carbon electrode without alteration of their structure and electrochemical properties in the pH range 5-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Lebègue
- Univ Rennes, CNRS,
Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ricardo O. Louro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Barrière
- Univ Rennes, CNRS,
Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Boumya W, Laghrib F, Lahrich S, Farahi A, Achak M, Bakasse M, El Mhammedi M. Electrochemical behavior study of salicylic acid following azo dye formation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine: Analytical evaluation. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Stabilization of 4-phenylurazole by electrografting on a nano-fibrillated mesoporous carbon modified electrode. Reactivity of anchored triazolinedione groups against Michael-type addition at electrode/electrolyte interface. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Li X, Forouzandeh F, Kakanat AJ, Feng F, Banham DWH, Ye S, Kwok DY, Birss V. Surface Characteristics of Microporous and Mesoporous Carbons Functionalized with Pentafluorophenyl Groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2130-2142. [PMID: 29236474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The in situ diazonium reduction reaction is a reliable and well-known approach for the surface modification of carbon materials for use in a range of applications, including in energy conversion, as chromatography supports, in sensors, etc. Here, this approach was used for the first time with mesoporous colloid-imprinted carbons (CICs), materials that contain ordered monodisperse pores (10-100 nm in diameter) and are inherently highly hydrophilic, using a common microporous carbon (Vulcan carbon (VC)), which is relatively more hydrophobic, for a comparison. The ultimate goal of this work was to modify the CIC wettability without altering its nanostructure and also to lower its susceptibility to oxidation, as required in fuel cell and battery electrodes, by the attachment of pentafluorophenyl (-PhF5) groups onto their surfaces. This was shown to be successful for the CIC, with the -PhF5 groups uniformly coating the inner pore walls at a surface coverage of ca. 90% and allowing full solution access to the mesopores, while the -PhF5 groups deposited only on the outer VC surface, likely blocking its micropores. Contact angle kinetics measurements showed enhanced hydrophobicity, as anticipated, for both the -PhF5 modified CIC and VC materials, even revealing superhydrophobicity at times for the CIC materials. In contrast, water vapor sorption and cyclic voltammetry suggested that the micropores remained hydrophilic, arising from the deposition of smaller N- and O-containing surface groups, caused by a side reaction during the in situ diazonium functionalization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Farisa Forouzandeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Abraham Joseph Kakanat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fangxia Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Dustin William H Banham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Ballard Power Systems , 9000 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, British Columbia V5J 5J8, Canada
| | - Siyu Ye
- Ballard Power Systems , 9000 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, British Columbia V5J 5J8, Canada
| | - Daniel Y Kwok
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Viola Birss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Verstraete L, Greenwood J, Hirsch BE, De Feyter S. Self-Assembly under Confinement: Nanocorrals for Understanding Fundamentals of 2D Crystallization. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10706-10715. [PMID: 27749033 PMCID: PMC5198256 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanocorrals with different size, shape, and orientation are created on covalently modified highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces using scanning probe nanolithography, i.e., nanoshaving. Alkylated diacetylene molecules undergo laterally confined supramolecular self-assembly within these corrals. When nanoshaving is performed in situ, at the liquid-solid interface, the orientation of the supramolecular lamellae structure is directionally influenced by the gradual graphite surface exposure. Careful choice of the nanoshaving direction with respect to the substrate symmetry axes promotes alignment of the supramolecular lamellae within the corral. Self-assembly occurring inside corrals of different size and shape reveals the importance of geometric and kinetic constraints controlled by the nanoshaving process. Finally, seed-mediated crystallization studies demonstrate confinement control over nucleation and growth principles.
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General approach for electrochemical functionalization of glassy carbon surface by in situ generation of diazonium ion under acidic and non-acidic condition with a cascade protocol. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Jacques A, Devillers S, Delhalle J, Mekhalif Z. Electrografting of in situ generated pyrrole derivative diazonium salt for the surface modification of nickel. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shul G, Parent R, Mosqueda HA, Bélanger D. Localized in situ generation of diazonium cations by electrocatalytic formation of a diazotization reagent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1468-1473. [PMID: 23350670 DOI: 10.1021/am302971q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new one-step electrochemical approach for the localized generation of diazonium cations in the diffusion layer of an electrode by taking advantage of the electrocatalytic properties of the electrode for the formation of the diazotization agent (nitrite) is proposed. Once nitrite anions are formed by electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate, they immediately react with an arylamine to produce the corresponding diazonium cations, which can be electrochemically readily reduced at the electrode surface. By this method, spontaneous modification of the electrode surface can be avoided. Furthermore, because the potential of the electrochemical nitrate reduction depends strongly on the nature of the electrode material, we also demonstrate that selective grafting can be achieved on a surface, which consists of two different materials: copper-gold or copper-glassy carbon substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Shul
- Département Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
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Lebègue E, Brousse T, Gaubicher J, Cougnon C. Spontaneous arylation of activated carbon from aminobenzene organic acids as source of diazonium ions in mild conditions. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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