Covalent modification of ordered mesoporous carbon with glucose oxidase for fabrication of glucose biosensor

Status Update on Bioelectrochemical Systems: Prospects for Carbon Electrode Design and Scale-Up

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) employ enzymes, subcellular structures or whole electroactive microorganisms as biocatalysts for energy conversion purposes, such as the electrosynthesis of value-added chemicals and power generation in biofuel cells. From a bioelectrode engineering viewpoint, customizable nanostructured carbonaceous matrices have recently received considerable scientific attention as promising electrode supports due to their unique properties attractive to bioelectronics devices. This review demonstrates the latest advances in the application of nano- and micro-structured carbon electrode assemblies in BES. Specifically, in view of the gradual increase in the commercial applicability of these systems, we aim to address the stability and scalability of different BES designs and to highlight their potential roles in a circular bioeconomy.

Biosensors-Recent Advances and Future Challenges in Electrode Materials

Electrochemical biosensors benefit from the simplicity, sensitivity, and rapid response of electroanalytical devices coupled with the selectivity of biorecognition molecules. The implementation of electrochemical biosensors in a clinical analysis can provide a sensitive and rapid response for the analysis of biomarkers, with the most successful being glucose sensors for diabetes patients. This review summarizes recent work on the use of structured materials such as nanoporous metals, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and ordered mesoporous carbon for biosensing applications. We also describe the use of additive manufacturing (AM) and review recent progress and challenges for the use of AM in biosensing applications.

Acetylcholinesterase biosensor modified with ATO/OMC for detecting organophosphorus pesticides

This work demonstrates the sensitive amperometric determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with antimony tin oxide-chitosan (ATO-CS) and ordered mesoporous carbon-chitosan (OMC-CS) composite nanomaterials.

Recent Trends on Electrochemical Sensors Based on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon

The past decade has seen an increasing number of extensive studies devoted to the exploitation of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) materials in electrochemistry, notably in the fields of energy and sensing. The present review summarizes the recent achievements made in field of electroanalysis using electrodes modified with such nanomaterials. On the basis of comprehensive tables, the interest in OMC for designing electrochemical sensors is illustrated through the various applications developed to date. They include voltammetric detection after preconcentration, electrocatalysis (intrinsically due to OMC or based on suitable catalysts deposited onto OMC), electrochemical biosensors, as well as electrochemiluminescence and potentiometric sensors.

Novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on MXene nanocomposite

A biosensor platform based on Au/MXene nanocomposite for sensitive enzymatic glucose detection is reported. The biosensor leverages the unique electrocatalytic properties and synergistic effects between Au nanoparticles and MXene sheets. An amperometric glucose biosensor is fabricated by the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme on Nafion solubilized Au/ MXene nanocomposite over glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The biomediated Au nanoparticles play a significant role in facilitating the electron exchange between the electroactive center of GOx and the electrode. The GOx/Au/MXene/Nafion/GCE biosensor electrode displayed a linear amperometric response in the glucose concentration range from 0.1 to 18 mM with a relatively high sensitivity of 4.2 μAmM⁻¹ cm⁻² and a detection limit of 5.9 μM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the biosensor exhibited excellent stability, reproducibility and repeatability. Therefore, the Au/MXene nanocomposite reported in this work is a potential candidate as an electrochemical transducer in electrochemical biosensors.

A label-free and cascaded dual-signaling amplified electrochemical aptasensing platform for sensitive prion assay

Prion proteins, as an important biomarker of prion disease, are responsible for the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases). Hence, the sensitive detection of prion protein is very essential for biological studies and medical diagnostics. In this paper, a novel label-free and cascaded dual-signaling amplified electrochemical strategy was developed for sensitive and selective analysis of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). The recognition elements included double-stranded DNA consisted of PrP(C)-binding aptamer (DNA1) and its partially complementary DNA (DNA2), and ordered mesoporous carbon probe (OMCP) fabricated by sealing the electroactive ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc) into its inner pores and then using single-stranded DNA (DNA3) as the gatekeeper. In the presence of PrP(C), DNA1 could bind the target protein and free DNA2. More importantly, DNA2 could hybridize with DNA3 to form a rigid duplex DNA and thus triggered the exonuclease III (Exo III) cleavage process to realize the DNA2 recycling, accompanied by opening more biogates and releasing more Fc. The released Fc could be further used as a competitive guest of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to displace the Rhodamine B (RhB) on the electrode. As a result, an amplified oxidation peak current of Fc (RhB) increased (decreased) with the increase of PrP(C) concentration. When "ΔI=ΔIFc+|ΔIRhB|" (ΔIFc and ΔIRhB were the change values of the oxidation peak currents of Fc and RhB, respectively.) was used as the response signal for quantitative determination of PrP(C), the detection limit was 7.6fM (3σ), which was much lower than that of the most reported methods for PrP(C) assay. This strategy provided a simple and sensitive approach for the detection of PrP(C) and has a great potential for bioanalysis, disease diagnostics, and clinical biomedicine applications.

Acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on the mesoporous carbon/ferroferric oxide modified electrode for detecting organophosphorus pesticides

In this paper a biosensor modified by ordered mesoporous carbon–chitosan (OMC–CS)/ferroferric oxide–chitosan (Fe₃O₄–CS) was developed on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs).