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Silva MB, Martinho Fernandes LFR, Caetano E Souza RH, Rosa de Sá AA, Naves ELM. Analysis of ankle muscle activity: A study on static balance with eyes closed and high-heeled shoes. Foot (Edinb) 2024; 60:102100. [PMID: 38810470 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2024.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in sensory afferent interfere with the control of postural stability by the central nervous system. Wearing high-heeled shoes is an example of an external disturbance that changes sensory inputs and results in several postural adjustments to control stability. Thus, our purpose is to investigate the influence of high-heeled shoes and visual absence on maintenance of static balance and on ankle muscle activity among young women. Our hypothesis is that the combination of high-heeled shoes with visual absence lead to an increase of postural sway and of levels of activation of the stabilizing ankle muscles. METHODS Nine volunteers remained in an unrestrained erect posture on a force platform for collecting of stabilometric and electromyographic parameters in four bipodal conditions: barefoot with open eyes, barefoot with closed eyes, with high heels and open eyes and with high heels and closed eyes. RESULTS When comparing the experimental condition open and closed eyes with high heels, there were significant differences for all stabilometric variables, except for the confidence ellipse area. Statistical differences were found for the medial gastrocnemius muscle in all comparison pairs with high heels. CONCLUSION The wearing high-heeled shoes showed to be the most influencing disturbance on static balance. Our findings suggest ankle muscle activity is adapted according to changes of the center of pressure sway and the wearing of high heels changes the muscle activation and postural sway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rhaíra Helena Caetano E Souza
- Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - Angela Abreu Rosa de Sá
- Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Lázaro Martins Naves
- Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
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Jiang L, Qu F, Yang Z, Chen X, Gao X, Sun Q, Huo B. Heel-to-toe drop effects on biomechanical and muscle synergy responses during uphill walking. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1385264. [PMID: 38798954 PMCID: PMC11116729 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1385264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Uphill walking is a common task encountered in daily life, with steeper inclines potentially imposing greater biomechanical and neuromuscular demands on the human body. The heel-to-toe drop (HTD) in footwear may influence the biomechanical and neuromuscular pattern of uphill walking; but the impact remains unclear. Adjustments in HTD can modulate biomechanical and neuromuscular patterns, mitigating the demands and optimizing the body's response to different inclinations. We hypothesize that adjustments in HTD can modulate biomechanical and neuromuscular patterns, mitigating the demands and optimizing the body's response to different inclinations. Nineteen healthy men walked on an adjustable slope walkway, with varied inclinations (6°, 12°, 20°) and HTD shoes (10mm, 25mm, 40 mm), while the marker positions, ground reaction forces and electromyography data were collected. Our study reveals that gait temporo-spatial parameters are predominantly affected by inclination over HTD. Inclination has a more pronounced effect on kinematic variables, while both inclination and HTD significantly modulate kinetic and muscle synergy parameters. This study demonstrates that an increase in the inclination leads to changes in biomechanical and neuromuscular responses during uphill walking and the adjustment of HTD can modulate these responses during uphill walking. However, the present study suggests that an increased HTD may lead to elevated loads on the knee joint and these adverse effects need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qu
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Fashion Accessory Art and Engineering College, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianzhi Gao
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huo
- Sport Biomechanics Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Almadhaani HMA, Goonetilleke RS, Wijeweera A, Jayaraman R, Ameersing L, Khandoker AH, Tamrin SBM. Transient pain and discomfort when wearing high-heeled shoes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9291. [PMID: 38654097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic world of fashion, high-heeled footwear is revered as a symbol of style, luxury and sophistication. Yet, beneath the facade of elegance of classy footwear lies the harsh reality of discomfort and pain. Thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of wearing high-heeled shoes on the sensation of pain across different body regions over a period of 6 h. It involved fifty female participants, all habitual wearers of high-heeled shoes, aged between 20 and 30 years. Each participant kept a record of their perceptions of pain and discomfort every hour for a total of 6 h using a 0-10 pain scale with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating severe pain. The findings reveal a progressive rise in pain throughout wear, with the most intense pain reported in the back, calcaneus, and metatarsals. The analysis shows that after approximately 3.5 h, participants experience significant increases in pain levels. However, the relationship between heel height and pain is not linear. It appears that a heel height of 7.5 cm is the threshold where overall body pain becomes significant. The study suggests that a duration of 3.5 h of wear and a heel height of 7.5 cm serve as critical points to decrease overall body pain. Moreover, beyond this heel height, knee pain diminishes compared to other body areas possibly due to the shift towards a more neutral posture. The study findings, coupled with the recommendations, can assist footwear designers in crafting not only stylish but also comfortable shoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravindra S Goonetilleke
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Albert Wijeweera
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Raja Jayaraman
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Luximon Ameersing
- Industrial Design, Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute/Tianjin University (GTSI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ahsan H Khandoker
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - S B Mohd Tamrin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Putra, Serdang, Malaysia
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Lorkowski J, Pokorski M. Harmful female footwear: A public health perspective. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21297. [PMID: 38027653 PMCID: PMC10651440 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Footwear fashion is an instance of a socially formed attitude affecting somatic population health. High-heeled, particularly pointy-toed shoes are posed to structurally distort and overload feet leading to musculoskeletal sequelae. Here we compiled multilanguage website images presenting female footwear produced by the top manufacturers to assess the advertising effects on the prevailing height of heels worn by women. The method was based on the analysis of websites using the command "woman shoes" in scores of languages of the Internet Google browser. We then compared the results of the internet search with those of a live street surveillance of the footwear worn by 100 adult women in the downtown Warsaw metropolis in Poland. We found that stiletto heels with pointed shoe tips significantly predominated in images representing the countries belonging to the Western cultural sphere compared to less affluent world areas where low or flat heels prevailed. However, we noted a gradual departure from the fashion of high heels over the last decade, confirmed by live street surveillance, liable to reflect changes in the website presentations of top shoe manufacturers consistent with increasing awareness of potential harm by high heels. Yet the female aptitude for wearing more physiologic shoe models appears to exceed that resulting from marketing campaigns. Doing away with high-heeled pointy-toed shoes requires intensification of pro-health preventive measures in the field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Lorkowski
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Sports Medicine, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, 137 Woloska Street, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Pokorski
- Institute of Health Sciences, Opole University, 68 Katowicka Street, 45-060, Opole, Poland
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Cho H, Arnold AJ, Cui C, Yang Z, Becker T, Kulkarni A, Naik A, Rietdyk S. Risky behavior during stair descent for young adults: Differences in men versus women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288438. [PMID: 37494307 PMCID: PMC10370699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries commonly occur on stairs, with high injury rates in young adults, especially young women. High injury rates could result from physiological and/or behavioral differences; this study focuses on behaviors. The purposes of this observational study were (1) to quantify young adult behaviors during stair descent and (2) to identify differences in stair descent behavior for young adult men versus women. Young adult pedestrians (N = 2,400, 1,470 men and 930 women) were videotaped during descent of two indoor campus staircases, a short staircase (2 steps) and a long staircase (17 steps). Behaviors during stair descent were coded by experimenters. Risky behaviors observed on the short staircase included: No one used the handrail, 16.1% used an electronic device, and 16.4% had in-person conversations. On the long staircase: 64.8% of pedestrians did not use the handrail, 11.9% used an electronic device, and 14.5% had in-person conversations. Risky behaviors observed more in women included: less likely to use the handrail (long staircase), more likely to carry an item in their hands (both staircases), more likely to engage in conversation (both staircases), and more likely to wear sandals or heels (both staircases) (p≤0.05). Protective behaviors observed more in women included: less likely to skip steps (both staircases), and more likely to look at treads during transition steps (long staircase) (p≤0.05). The number of co-occurring risky behaviors was higher in women: 1.9 vs 2.3, for men vs women, respectively (p<0.001). Five pedestrians lost balance but did not fall; four of these pedestrians lost balance on the top step and all five had their gaze diverted from the steps at the time balance was lost. The observed behaviors may be related to the high injury rate of stair-related falls in young adults, and young women specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeYoung Cho
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. Arnold
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Chuyi Cui
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Tim Becker
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Ashwini Kulkarni
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Anvesh Naik
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Shirley Rietdyk
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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Zeng Z, Liu Y, Hu X, Li P, Wang L. Effects of high-heeled shoes on lower extremity biomechanics and balance in females: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:726. [PMID: 37081521 PMCID: PMC10120101 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-heeled shoes (HHS) are widely worn by women in daily life. Limited quantitative studies have been conducted to investigate the biomechanical performance between wearing HHS and wearing flat shoes or barefoot. This study aimed to compare spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics, kinetics and muscle function during walking and balance between wearing HHS and flat shoes or barefoot. METHODS According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, PubMed Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL Complete and Web of Science databases were searched from the earliest record to December 2021. A modified quality index was applied to evaluate the risk of bias, and effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were calculated as the standardized mean differences (SMD). Potential publication bias was evaluated graphically using funnel plot and the robustness of the overall results was assessed using sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Eighty-one studies (n = 1501 participants) were included in this study. The reduced area of support requires the body to establish a safer and more stable gait pattern by changing gait characteristics when walking in HHS compared with walking in flats shoes or barefoot. Walking in HHS has a slight effect on hip kinematics, with biomechanical changes and adaptations concentrated in the knee and foot-ankle complex. Females wearing HHS performed greater ground reaction forces earlier, accompanied by an anterior shift in plantar pressure compared with those wearing flat shoes/barefoot. Furthermore, large effect sizes indicate that wearing HHS resulted in poor static and dynamic balance. CONCLUSION Spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic and balance variables are affected by wearing HHS. The effect of specific heel heights on women's biomechanics would benefit from further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Takata Y, Uchiyama E, Kimura K, Arikushi K, Ikeno H, Matamura T. Wearing high-heeled shoes on a side slope makes standing balance unstable. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 33:171-175. [PMID: 36775515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many women wearing high-heeled footwear are at high risk of falls. Past studies have examined the balance on level ground or balance during walking. We measured the standing balance on the ground and side slopes for 18 healthy women. METHOD Body sway was evaluated based on the center of pressure (COP) while participants stood on level ground on a side slope. The total locus length as well as rectangular and outer peripheral areas were then measured using a Zebris system. Measurements were compared under bare feet, normal shoe, and high-heeled shoe conditions. RESULTS On level ground, there were no significant differences among the three conditions. On the side slope, the total locus length (TLL), rectangular area (RA) and outer peripheral areas (OPA) were significantly greater for the high-heeled shoes than for the bare feet and normal shoes. Standing on the side slope caused larger body sway than on the level ground, along with a higher risk of falling. DISCUSSION In TLL, OPA, and RA, the COP moved outside substantially when participants stood on a slope in high heels than in shoes. High heels were highly unstable for standing on a slope since the ankle joint of one leg is in plantar flexion, the foot is pronated, and the other side is plantarflexed at the ankle with pronation of the foot. CONCLUSION High-heeled shoes significantly alter a person's balance when standing on a side slope, suggesting a high risk of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Takata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Kimura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kaori Arikushi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Ikeno
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Matamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan.
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8
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Song Y, Shao E, Bíró I, Baker JS, Gu Y. Finite element modelling for footwear design and evaluation: A systematic scoping review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10940. [PMID: 36247144 PMCID: PMC9563159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Finite element modelling has become an efficient tool for an in-depth understanding of the foot, footwear biomechanics and footwear optimization. The aim of this paper was to provide an updated overview in relation to the footwear finite element (FE) analysis published since 2000. The paper will attempt to outline the main challenges and research gaps that need confronting in the further development of realistic and accurate models for clinical and industrial applications. English databases of the Web of Science and PubMed were used to search (‘finite element’ OR ‘FEA’ OR ‘computational model’) AND (‘shoe’ OR ‘footwear’) until 16 December 2021. Articles that conducted FE analyses on the whole foot and footwear structures were included in this review. Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria, and were grouped into three categories for further analysis, (1) finite element modelling of the foot and high-heeled shoes; (2) finite element modelling of the foot and boot; (3) finite element modelling of the foot and sports shoe. Even though most of the existing foot-shoe FE analyses were performed under certain simplifications and assumptions, they have provided essential contributions in identifying the mechanical response of the foot in casual or athletic footwear. Further to this, the results have provided information in relation to optimizing footwear design to enhance functional performance. Nevertheless, further simulations still present several challenges, including reliable data information for geometry reconstruction, the balance between accurate details and computational cost, accurate representations of material properties, realistic boundary and loading conditions, and thorough model validation. In addition, some research gaps in terms of the coverage of footwear design, the consideration of insole/orthosis and socks, and the internal and external validity of the FE design should be fully covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enze Shao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - István Bíró
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Corresponding author.
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Tomaç H, Topcu ZG, Altun N. How the stiletto heeled shoes which are popularly preferred by many women affect balance and functional skills? Health Care Women Int 2022; 43:969-979. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1776712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Tomaç
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Zehra Güçhan Topcu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Nurcihan Altun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
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Estimation of Knee Joint Angle Using Textile Capacitive Sensor and Artificial Neural Network Implementing with Three Shoe Types at Two Gait Speeds: A Preliminary Investigation. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165484. [PMID: 34450926 PMCID: PMC8398621 DOI: 10.3390/s21165484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lower limb joints might be affected by different shoe types and gait speeds. Monitoring joint angles might require skill and proper technique to obtain accurate data for analysis. We aimed to estimate the knee joint angle using a textile capacitive sensor and artificial neural network (ANN) implementing with three shoe types at two gait speeds. We developed a textile capacitive sensor with a simple structure design and less costly placing in insole shoes to measure the foot plantar pressure for building the deep learning models. The smartphone was used to video during walking at each condition, and Kinovea was applied to calibrate the knee joint angle. Six ANN models were created; three shoe-based ANN models, two speed-based ANN models, and one ANN model that used datasets from all experiment conditions to build a model. All ANN models at comfortable and fast gait provided a high correlation efficiency (0.75 to 0.97) with a mean relative error lower than 15% implement for three testing shoes. And compare the ANN with A convolution neural network contributes a similar result in predict the knee joint angle. A textile capacitive sensor is reliable for measuring foot plantar pressure, which could be used with the ANN algorithm to predict the knee joint angle even using high heel shoes.
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11
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Pino-Ortega J, Oliva-Lozano JM, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rojas-Valverde D, Bastida-Castillo A, Moreno-Pérez V, Nakamura FY. Impact of high-heeled and sport shoes on multi-joint external load profile during walking. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:389-398. [PMID: 33459694 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-191591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have analysed the effect of wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) on gait analysis, balance and its relation to health. However, further research is needed to study its effect on the difference of chain reactions in the transfer of body impacts from the lower to the upper limbs. OBJECTIVES The aims of the present research were: (a) to compare the effects of wearing HHS on impacts across body joints during walking with sport shoes (SS) as a reference, and (b) to examine such effects at different speeds. METHODS Seven well-trained women completed this study. Incremental treadmill walking test were performed with two different footwear: SS and HHS. Inertial devices were used to quantify the chain reactions at selected anatomical lower limbs and trunk locations. Statistical analysis included the Wilcoxon test with ranges and Cohen's d effect size with percentage of differences. RESULTS The highest values were found at the heel in both footwear and in both legs (SS: right =0.76 ± 0.27, left = 0.79 ± 0.27; HHS: right = 1.07 ± 0.38, left = 1.11 ± 0.41), while the lowest values were registered at lower and upper back. Furthermore, significant differences were found with the HHS load being higher at all locations (p< 0.05; %=𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 12.20-36.36%), influenced by the walking speed. In addition, a strong influence of footwear in the change of the laterality profile was found (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the use of HHS increase the load on the lower limb and the trunk. Until reaching 5 km/h during walking, no significant differences were found between wearing HHS or SS in accelerometer load, producing exponential differences from this speed. The great between-subject variability implies that within-subject analysis is recommended, as it is more related to real clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | | | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Center of Research and Diagnosis in Health and Sports (CIDISAD), School of Human Movement Sciences an d Quality of Life (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Pathology and Surgery Deparment, Faculty of Sports Science, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Fabio Y Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
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12
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Massoud R. A type-2 fuzzy index to assess high heeled gait deviations using spatial-temporal parameters. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:193-203. [PMID: 34180732 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1946521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces an intelligent index that numerically assesses high-heeled gait deviations. Experiments were conducted on 14 young female volunteers, and the spatial-temporal gait parameters were calculated at each heel height. A type-2 fuzzy system index was built using the baseline case (barefoot). The index showed sensitivity to heel height changes. Moreover, its values divided the heel heights used in this study into three groups, depending on their effect on the gait parameters. A high correlation between the proposed index and the gait profile score (GPS) was found, this supports the index validity to evaluate different human gait deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Massoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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13
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Wang Y, Shi C, Jiao W, Yu W, Shi G, Zheng J. Wearing high heels with an appropriate height is protective for pelvic floor function. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2493-2499. [PMID: 34295735 PMCID: PMC8261421 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wearing high-heeled shoes is a common phenomenon among women. However, the association between wearing high heels and pelvic floor function is largely unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of wearing different height shoes on pelvic floor function and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods This was a population-based, cross-sectional study performed in general hospitals with a pelvic floor subspecialty in some cities of China. All participants completed a Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) questionnaire that consisted of demographic data, information about wearing shoes, and information about pelvic floor function (UDI-6). One-way ANOVA was carried out to compare the differences among 4 groups according to the heel height (<3, 3–5, 5–7, and >7 cm groups). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors influencing the effect of wearing 3–5 cm high-heeled shoes on pelvic floor function. Results In total, 1,263 participants finished the questionnaire and full data were collected. The 4 groups were comparable for clinical data, and participants who wore 3–5 cm high-heeled shoes had the lowest UDI-6 scores. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of hours (≥8 h) wearing high heels per day and the thickness diameter (≥3 cm) of the heel were important factors affecting the protective effect of wearing 3–5 cm high-heeled shoes on pelvic floor function. Conclusions Wearing heeled shoes with a 3–5 cm heel height and ≥3 cm thickness for a long period of time is good for the pelvic floor function of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyun Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoliang Shi
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wandong Yu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Shi
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Shang J, Geng X, Wang C, Chen L, Zhang C, Huang J, Wang X, Yan A, Ma X. Influences of high-heeled shoe parameters on gait cycle, center of pressure trajectory, and plantar pressure in young females during treadmill walking. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 28:2309499020921978. [PMID: 32390534 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020921978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the influences of high-heeled shoe (HHS) parameters on gait cycle, center of pressure (COP) trajectory, and plantar pressure in young females. METHODS Twenty healthy adult females were recruited to participate in this study. Subjects walked on a treadmill at a fixed speed (1 m/s). Overall, six pairs of HHSs were evaluated, presenting two heel types (thin and thick) and three different heel heights (low: 3 cm, medium: 6 cm, and high: 8.2 cm). Subjects also wore flat shoes (heel height: 0.2 cm) as the control group. RESULTS The gait cycle, COP parameters, peak pressure (PP), maximum force, contact area (CA), and force-time integral (impulse) were measured. The comparison between these parameters when the volunteers wore thick heel and flat shoes at different walking conditions indicated that thin heels caused a significant increase in the pre-swing parameter, CA, and PP of the first toe and first metatarsus. Increased heel heights yielded smaller gait line lengths, single support lines, and smaller hindfoot areas. By contrast, increased anterior-posterior positions and plantar pressure parameter values were noted for the forefoot. CONCLUSIONS Data analyses showed significant differences in the plantar pressure distribution associated with heel height and heel type at increased pressure in the first metatarsal and central forefoot region and decreased pressure in the midfoot and heel sections, thus increasing anterior shift. The results presented herein may allow for the design of HHSs with reduced adverse health effects on the wearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyinzi Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan Yan
- Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Meskó N, Őry F, Csányi E, Juhász L, Szilágyi G, Lubics O, Putz Á, Láng A. Women Walk in High Heels: Lumbar Curvature, Dynamic Motion Stimuli and Attractiveness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010299. [PMID: 33401569 PMCID: PMC7795698 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the angle of women’s lumbar curvature affects men’s attractiveness judgments of them. The theoretically optimal angle of lumbar curvature provides better resistance against both hyperlordosis and hypolordosis as biomechanical costs of a bipedal fetal load that could impair a woman’s fertility. Since men find this attribute attractive, women aim to emphasize it by wearing high-heeled shoes. The primary objective of the present study was to test this evolutionary hypothesis using short videos presenting women walking by the camera. In line with previous findings based on static stimuli (photographs), dynamic stimuli (videos) presenting women walking in high-heeled shoes were expected to elicit increased attractiveness ratings as compared to women wearing flat shoes, which would be associated with the angle of lumbar curvature. Videos were taken of 52 female models walking in two conditions (i.e., wearing either high-heeled or flat shoes). A total of 108 participants (61 males, 47 females) rated the walking models’ physical attractiveness in an online setting. Each model’s lumbar curvature was measured both in high heels and in flat shoes using photographs taken of them prior to each video recording. The results showed that wearing high heels consistently increased the models’ attractiveness, regardless of whether or not it decreased their natural difference from the theoretically optimal angle of lumbar curvature. Both male and female observers showed this positive effect. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between the models’ body mass index (BMI) and their perceived attractiveness scores in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Meskó
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.Ő.); (E.C.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fanni Őry
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.Ő.); (E.C.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Edit Csányi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.Ő.); (E.C.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Lea Juhász
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.Ő.); (E.C.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Gréta Szilágyi
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, 1037 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Olivér Lubics
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ádám Putz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.Ő.); (E.C.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (A.L.)
| | - András Láng
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.Ő.); (E.C.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (A.L.)
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Lerebourg L, L'Hermette M, Menez C, Coquart J. The effects of shoe type on lower limb venous status during gait or exercise: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239787. [PMID: 33237916 PMCID: PMC7688113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the literature pertaining to the effect of shoes on lower limb venous status in asymptomatic populations during gait or exercise. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed-NCBI, EBSCO Host, Cochrane Library and Science Direct databases were searched (March 2019) for words around two concepts: shoes and venous parameters. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the manuscript had to be published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal and the study had to be observational or experimental and (2) the study had to suggest the analysis of many types of shoes or orthotics on venous parameters before, during and/or after exercise. Out of 366 articles, 60 duplications were identified, 306 articles were analyzed, and 13 articles met the eligibility criteria after screening and were included. This review including approximately 211 participants. The methodological rigor of these studies was evaluated with the modified Downs and Black quality index. Nine studies investigated the effect of shoes on blood flow parameters, two on venous pressure and two on lower limb circumferences with exercise. Evidence was found that unstable shoes or shoes with similar technology, sandals, athletic or soft shoes, and customized foot orthotics elicited more improvement in venous variables than high-heeled shoes, firm shoes, ankle joint immobilization and barefoot condition. These venous changes are probably related to the efficiency of muscle pumps in the lower limbs, which in turn seem to be dependent on shoe features associated with changes in the kinetics, kinematics and muscle activity variables in lower limbs during gait and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lerebourg
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CETAPS, Rouen, France
- Orthodynamica Center, Mathilde Hospital 2, Rouen, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Charlotte Menez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CETAPS, Rouen, France
- Orthodynamica Center, Mathilde Hospital 2, Rouen, France
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Sánchez-Gómez R, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Romero Morales C, Losa-Iglesias ME, Castrillo de la Fuente A, López-López D, Díez Vega I, Calvo-Lobo C. Muscle Activity of the Triceps Surae With Novel Propulsion Heel-Lift Orthotics in Recreational Runners. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120956914. [PMID: 33150189 PMCID: PMC7580173 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120956914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The triceps surae muscle has been identified with propulsion during running gait, and typical heel-lift orthotics (THOs) have been used to treat some sports injuries of this structural-biomechanical unit. The effects of a novel propulsion heel-lift orthotic (PHO) on surface electromyography (EMG) activity of the gastrocnemius during a full cycle of running have yet to be tested. Purpose/Hypothesis: We aimed to assess EMG changes in gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscle activity when wearing THOs, PHOs, or neutral sports shoes only (SO) during running. We hypothesized that EMG activity of the triceps surae muscle would be lower for PHOs than THOs or SO during running. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 26 healthy, regular recreational runners of both sexes (mean age, 33.58 ± 6.02 years) with a neutral Foot Posture Index and rearfoot strike pattern were recruited to run on a treadmill at 9 km/h using aleatory THOs of 6 and 9 mm, PHOs, and SO while EMG activity of the gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscles was recorded over a 30-second period. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess reliability. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient values indicated near perfect reliability, ranging from 0.801 for 6-mm THOs to 0.959 for SO in the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle. EMG activity of the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle was greater for PHOs (25.516 ± 4.780 mV) than for SO (23.140 ± 4.150 mV) (P < .05), but EMG activity of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle did not show any statistically significant difference between conditions (23.130 ± 2.980 mV vs 26.315 ± 2.930 mV, respectively) (P = .3). Conclusion: A novel PHO may increase muscle activity of the gastrocnemius lateralis during a full cycle of running gait; consequently, its prescription to treat triceps surae muscle injuries is cautioned. Clinical Relevance: The prescription of novel PHOs could increase EMG activity, which has not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Romero Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Ignacio Díez Vega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Chen Y, Li JX, Wang L. Influences of heel height on human postural stability and functional mobility between inexperienced and experienced high heel shoe wearers. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10239. [PMID: 33194420 PMCID: PMC7602679 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High heel shoes (HHS) can affect human postural control because elevated heel height (HH) may result in plantar flexed foot and limit ankle joint range of motion during walking. Effects of HH and HHS wearing experience on postural stability during self-initiated and externally triggered perturbations are less examined in the literature. Hence, the objective of the present study is to investigate the influences of HH on human postural stability during dynamic perturbations, perceived stability, and functional mobility between inexperienced and experienced HHS wearers. Methods A total of 41 female participants were recruited (21 inexperienced HHS wearers and 20 experienced HHS wearers). Sensory organization test (SOT), motor control test (MCT), and limits of stability (LOS) were conducted to measure participant’s postural stability by using computerized dynamic posturography. Functional reach test and timed up and go test were performed to measure functional mobility. The participants’ self-perceived stability was assessed by visual analog scale. Four pairs of shoes with different HH (i.e., 0.8, 3.9, 7.0, and 10.1 cm) were applied to participants randomly. Repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to detect the effects of HH and HHS wearing experience on each variable. Results During self-initiated perturbations, equilibrium score remarkably decreased when wearing 10.1 cm compared with flat shoes and 3.9 cm HHS. The contribution of vision to postural stability was larger in 10.1 cm HHS than in flat shoes. The use of ankle strategy worsened when HH increased to 7 cm. Similarly, the directional control of the center of gravity (COG) decreased for 7 cm HHS in LOS. Experienced wearers showed significantly higher percentage of ankle strategy and COG directional control than novices. Under externally triggered perturbations, postural stability was substantially decreased when HH reached 3.9 cm in MCT. No significant difference was found in experienced wearers compared with novices in MCT. Experienced wearers exhibited considerably better functional mobility and perceived stability with increased HH. Conclusions The use of HHS may worsen dynamic postural control and functional mobility when HH increases to 3.9 cm. Although experienced HHS wearers exhibit higher proportion of ankle strategy and COG directional control, the experience may not influence overall human postural control. Sensory organization ability, ankle strategy and COG directional control might provide useful information in developing a safety system and prevent HHS wearers from falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xian Li
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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19
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A preliminary study on the influence of high heel footwear on lumbar spine proprioception. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Study aim: High heel footwear (HHF) alters posture and kinetics of the lower limbs and spine. Various musculoskeletal disorders in the lower quadrant can occur as a consequence of HHF use. This study aimed to investigate the effect of habitual use of HHF on lumbar spine proprioception.
Material and methods: Thirty young healthy women (mean age: 21.6 ± 1.6 years; height: 157.6 ± 5.9 cm; weight: 57 ± 10.2 kg) participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the two sequences of walking with HHF or walking barefoot for five minutes on a predetermined walkway consisting of an even surface, ramp and stairs. A 24-hour washout period was incorporated between each walking condition. Lumbar spine repositioning error was measured using a Back Range of Motion II (BROM II) device before and after walking for lumbar spine forward flexion, right, and left lateral flexion.
Results: Measurements showed that repositioning error was significantly higher in all spinal movements after walking with HHF (forward flexion p = 0.0044; right lateral flexion p = 0.0243 left lateral flexion p = 0.0379) as compared to barefoot walking.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that HHF alters lumbar spine proprioception. This study provides evidence to support early assessment of proprioception and incorporation of retraining exercises in habitual users of HHF.
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Steiner E, Boyer KA. Speed impacts joint power and work while walking in high heeled shoes. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1825536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Steiner
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A. Boyer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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21
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Fu K, Metcalf BR, Bennell KL, Zhang Y, Gross KD, Mills K, Deveza LA, Robbins SR, Hunter DJ. Is Heel Height Associated with Pain Exacerbations in Hip Osteoarthritis Patients?-Results from a Case-Crossover Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061872. [PMID: 32560086 PMCID: PMC7356907 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of osteoarthritis (OA) pain exacerbations is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of heel height and duration of wearing shoes with higher heels with pain exacerbations in people with hip OA. Eligible participants with symptomatic hip OA were instructed to complete online questionnaires every 10 days over a 90-day follow-up period. They were required to complete the questionnaire whenever they were experiencing hip pain exacerbation. Of 252 participants recruited, 137 (54.4%) contributed both case and control period data, and were included in the analysis. Wearing shoes with a heel height ≥ 2.5 cm during the past 24 h was associated with lower odds of pain exacerbations (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.99). A longer duration (>6 h) of wearing shoes with heel height ≥ 2.5 cm was also associated with a lower risk of hip pain exacerbations (p for linear trend = 0.003). Wearing shoes with heel height ≥ 2.5 cm and longer duration in the past 24 h may be protective against hip pain exacerbations in people with symptomatic hip OA. Given the observational study nature, it would be prudent for this to be replicated in an independent data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (L.A.D.); (S.R.R.); (D.J.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-468476117; Fax: +61-2-9463-1077
| | - Ben R. Metcalf
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (B.R.M.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Kim L. Bennell
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (B.R.M.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - K. Douglas Gross
- Department of Physical Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Kathryn Mills
- Department of Health Professions, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Leticia A. Deveza
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (L.A.D.); (S.R.R.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Sarah R. Robbins
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (L.A.D.); (S.R.R.); (D.J.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - David J. Hunter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (L.A.D.); (S.R.R.); (D.J.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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Zeidan H, Kawagoe M, Kajiwara Y, Harada K, Nishida Y, Yamada K, Kawabe R, Yokota J, Yamashiro C, Odake Y, Takeda M, Doi N, Negoro K, Matsumura N, Morino T, Bourgeois Yoshioka CK, Chen CY, Aoyama T. The shape of the transverse arch in high heels while standing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233958. [PMID: 32511246 PMCID: PMC7279575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High heeled shoes have long been worn in society and they are known to cause biomechanical imbalances to not only the foot, but the whole musculoskeletal system. This study aims to show the detailed changes that happen to the shape of the transverse arch of the foot in high heels, using two different inclination degrees. Methods 68 women participated in this study. Two custom-made high heels were made with inclinations of 15 degrees and 30 degrees (cm). A weight-bearing ultrasound was used to assess the coronal view of the transverse arch in standing. ANOVA and Tuckey tests were used to compare the results between 0 degrees, 15 degrees and 30 degrees inclinations. Results The transverse arch height was slightly increased as the heel height increased (0DI-15DI: p = 0.5852 / 15DI-30DI: p = 0.395 / 0DI-30DI: p = 0.0593). The transverse arch length (0DI-15DI: p = 0.0486 / 15DI-30DI: p = 0.0004 / 0DI-30DI: p = 0.1105) and the area under the metatarsal heads (0DI-15DI: p = 0.0422 / 15DI-30DI: p = 0.0180 / 0DI-30DI: p = 0.9463) significantly decreased as the heel height increased. Discussion The main changes were viewed in the 30 degrees inclinations compared to 0 degrees inclination. When the toes are dorsiflexed in high heels, it stimulates the Windlass mechanism which in turn stiffens the plantar fascia and adducts the metatarsal heads, while the soft tissues shrink in response to loads. Conclusion High heels affected the shape of the transverse arch even in short term standing, and these effects increased as the height of the heel increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Zeidan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mirei Kawagoe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuu Kajiwara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Koryo, Japan
| | - Keiko Harada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yurika Nishida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rika Kawabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junpei Yokota
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yamashiro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Odake
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Takeda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Doi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaho Negoro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Natsuki Matsumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tappei Morino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Chang Yu Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Alsancak S, Güner S, Güven E, Özgün AK. Effects of heel height with backpack loading in young people. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:388-394. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.10222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The information gleaned from kinetic and kinematic studies on foot function and gait in relation to shoes can be applied clinically after considering the key findings of the research discussed in this article. These studies demonstrate the events of the gait cycle are somewhat different from what many providers have been taught. Greater pronation of the subtalar joint when entering the propulsive period, where resupination will most likely be occurring, would be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Spencer
- Department of Surgery/Biomechanics, Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine, 6000 Rockside Woods Boulevard, Independence, OH 44131, USA.
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Park S, Park H, Park J. Effect of heel base area and walking speed on the utilized coefficient of friction during high-heeled walking. Work 2019; 64:397-405. [PMID: 31524186 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilized coefficient of friction (uCOF) and the risk of slipping are known to increase as the heel height of shoes increases. The heel base area of shoes can also affect the uCOF. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the heel base area of high heels and walking speed on the uCOF during walking and their interaction effect. METHODS The walking experiment was conducted at the speed of 1.0 m/s and 1.25 m/s using four 9-cm high heels having different heel areas (narrow, moderate, wide, and wedge heels). RESULTS The peak uCOF was significantly lower when wearing the wide heels than when wearing the other heels. Wearing the narrow and moderate heels reduced the vertical ground reaction force (GRF) owing to the early timing of the peak anterior-posterior GRF and increased the peak uCOF. As the walking speed became faster, the peak uCOF became greater with more increases by the interaction effect when wearing the narrow and moderate heels than when wearing the wide and wedge heels. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that wearing narrow high heels should be considered carefully, as the potential for a slip could be high owing to the increase in the peak uCOF. If it is inevitable to wear narrow high heels, it is critical to walk at a slower speed than usual. It is better to wear high heels with a wide heel area, e.g., 3 cm*3 cm, rather than narrow high heels or even wedge heels to reduce the possibility of slipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Park
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Intelligent Systems, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Park
- Convergence Center, LG Electronics, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeheung Park
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Intelligent Systems, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.,Digital Human Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Republic of Korea
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Kannan P, Fung B, Leung RW, Goonetilleke R, Winser SJ. Association between high-heeled shoes of varied heel height and bladder neck elevation in women: an exploratory study. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1588922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kannan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | - Stanley J. Winser
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Sánchez-Gómez R, Bengoa-Vallejo RBD, Losa-Iglesias ME, Calvo-Lobo C, Romero-Morales C, Martínez-Jiménez EM, Palomo-López P, López-López D. Heel Height as an Etiology of Hallux Abductus Valgus Development: An electromagnetic Static and Dynamic First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Study. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19061328. [PMID: 30884845 PMCID: PMC6471076 DOI: 10.3390/s19061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hallux abductus valgus (HAV) is a forefoot condition produced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Shoes with a high heel height and a typical narrow tip toe box can induce deviations in both the proximal phalanx of the hallux (PPH) and the first metatarsal (IMTT) bones. Nevertheless, the isolated role of heel height remains unclear in the development of HAV pathology. Objectives: The goal was to determine if the heel height increase of shoes without a narrow box toe could augment the PPH and IMTT deviation in frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes toward the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) and the first metatarsocuneiform joint (MCJ), respectively, during static and dynamic conditions in relation to precursor movements of HAV. Methods: Women with an average age of 25.10 ± 4.67 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study to assess the three planes of motion of PPH and IMTT while wearing high heels with heights at 3, 6, 9 cm and unshod conditions via sandals. The measurements used an electromagnetic goniometer device with sensors placed on medial aspects of the PPH and IMTT bones under static and dynamic conditions. Results: Wearing shoes with a 6 cm heel in dynamic condition may increase the PPH valgus and abduction deviation from 3.15 ± 0.10° to 3.46 ± 0.05° (p < 0.05) and from 1.35 ± 0.28° to 1.69 ± 0.30° (p < 0.001), respectively. In addition, a PPH abduction increase from 1.01 ± 0.36° to 1.31 ± 0.46° (p < 0.05) after wearing shoes with a 6 cm heel height was observed under static conditions. Conclusions: Wearing shoes with a heel height of 6 cm without a narrow box toe interference may produce PPH abduction and valgus deviations related to HAV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Carlos Romero-Morales
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva María Martínez-Jiménez
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry,Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain.
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Sinclair J, Brooks D, Butters B. Effects of different heel heights on lower extremity joint loading in experienced and in-experienced users: a musculoskeletal simulation analysis. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang M, Gu Y, Baker JS. Analysis of foot kinematics wearing high heels using the Oxford foot model. Technol Health Care 2019; 26:815-823. [PMID: 29758978 DOI: 10.3233/thc-181264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wearing high heels is thought to lead to various foot disorders and injuries such as metatarsal pain, Achilles tendon tension, plantar fasciitis and Haglund malformation. However, there is little available information explaining the specific mechanisms and reasons why wearing high heels causes foot deformity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the foot kinematics of high heel wearers and compare any differences with barefoot individuals using the Oxford Foot Model (OFM). Fifteen healthy women aged 20-25 years were measured while walking barefoot and when wearing high heels. The peak value of angular motion for the hallux with respect to the forefoot, the forefoot with respect to the hind foot, and the hind foot with respect to the tibia were all analyzed. Compared to the barefoot, participants wearing high heels demonstrated larger hallux dorsiflexion (22.55∘± 1.62∘ VS 26.6∘± 2.33∘ for the barefoot; P= 0.001), and less hallux plantarflexion during the initial stance phase (-4.86∘± 2.32∘ VS -8.68∘± 1.13∘; P< 0.001). There were also greater forefoot adduction (16.15∘± 1.37∘ VS 13.18∘± 0.79∘; P< 0.001), but no significant differences were found in forefoot abduction between the two conditions. The hind foot demonstrated a larger dorsiflexion in the horizontal plane (16.59∘± 1.69∘ VS 12.08∘± 0.9∘; P< 0.001), greater internal rotation (16.72∘± 0.48∘ VS 7.97∘± 0.55∘; P< 0.001), and decreased peak hind foot extension rotation (-5.49∘± 0.69∘ VS -10.73∘± 0.42∘; P= 0.001). These findings complement existing kinematic evidence that wearing high heels can lead to foot deformities and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizi Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
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Hyun SH, Ryew CC. Effect of lower limb kinetic on carrying infant by hip seat carrier during high heel gait. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 14:1092-1095. [PMID: 30656175 PMCID: PMC6323350 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836376.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While common characteristics between wearing of high heel between carrying an infant elevate height of center of gravity, it is not known what interaction effect influence to leg stiffness. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of carrying infant by hip seat carrier on leg mechanics during high heel gait. Adult female (n=9) and infant (n=9) participated as subjects. Infant was positioned on rear of trunk as of wearing 6 cm of high heel shoe. Change of leg mechanics was analyzed with ground reaction force variables (1st peak vertical force [PVF], 2nd PVF, center of pressure [medial-lateral, anterior-posterior]), extrapolated center of mass (XCoM) theta, and leg stiffness. While carrying infant with wearing of high heel more increased 1st PVF, 2nd PVF, and leg stiffness than normal gait, and more decreased medial-lateral center of pressure and XCoM theta. High heel and carrying infant showed potential transformation of posture for securement of stability, which related with mechanism to decrease an impulse type. In conclusion, it is suggest that gait for long time in the condition may accumulate fatigue on leg and increase falling injury, so experts of clinics and exercise rehabilitation should understand the mechanism that could recommend guideline for exercise prescription on several problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Hyun
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Che-Cheong Ryew
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Walking variations in healthy women wearing high-heeled shoes: Shoe size and heel height effects. Gait Posture 2018; 63:195-201. [PMID: 29772495 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of high heels is widespread in modern society in professional and social contests. Literature showed that wearing high heels can produce injurious effects on several structures from the toes to the pelvis. No studies considered shoe length as an impacting factor on walking with high heels. RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of this study is to evaluate walking parameters in young healthy women wearing high heels, considering not only the heel height but also the foot/shoe size. METHODS We evaluate spatio-temporal, kinematic and kinetic data, collected using a 8-camera motion capture system, in a sample of 21 healthy women in three different walking conditions: 1) barefoot, 2) wearing 12 cm high heel shoes independently from shoe size, and 3) wearing shoes with heel height based on shoe size, keeping the ankles' plantar flexion angle constant. The main outcome measures were: spatio-temporal parameters, gait harmony measurement, range of motion, flexion and extension maximal values, power and moment of lower limb joints. RESULTS Comparing the three walking conditions, the Mixed Anova test, showed significant differences between both high heeled conditions (variable and constant height) and barefoot in spatio-temporal, kinematic and kinetic parameters. SIGNIFICANCE Regardless of the shoe size, both heeled conditions presented a similar gait pattern and were responsible for negative effects on walking parameters. Considering our results and the relevance of the heel height, further studies are needed to identify a threshold, over which it is possible to observe that wearing high heels could cause harmful effects, independently from the foot/shoe size.
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Recognition of a Person Wearing Sport Shoes or High Heels through Gait Using Two Types of Sensors. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18051639. [PMID: 29883389 PMCID: PMC5982328 DOI: 10.3390/s18051639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biometrics is currently an area that is both very interesting as well as rapidly growing. Among various types of biometrics the human gait recognition seems to be one of the most intriguing. However, one of the greatest problems within this field of biometrics is the change in gait caused by footwear. A change of shoes results in a significant lowering of accuracy in recognition of people. The following work presents a method which uses data gathered by two sensors: force plates and Microsoft Kinect v2 to reduce this problem. Microsoft Kinect is utilized to measure the body height of a person which allows the reduction of the set of recognized people only to those whose height is similar to that which has been measured. The entire process is preceded by identifying the type of footwear which the person is wearing. The research was conducted on data obtained from 99 people (more than 3400 strides) and the proposed method allowed us to reach a Correct Classification Rate (CCR) greater than 88% which, in comparison to earlier methods reaching CCR’s of <80%, is a significant improvement. The work presents advantages as well as limitations of the proposed method.
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Gibbons LJ, Stoddart K. 'Fast and frugal heuristics': Clinical decision making in the Emergency Department. Int Emerg Nurs 2018; 41:7-12. [PMID: 29729929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda J Gibbons
- Our Lady's Hospital, Navan, Ireland; UCD School of Nursing Midwifery & Health Systems, Ireland; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland.
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Park SY, Park DJ. Changes of gait pattern, muscle activity, and perceived comfort in response to variations of height-elevating insoles in young adults. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:100-105. [PMID: 29511659 PMCID: PMC5833953 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836026.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of gait pattern, muscle activity, and perceived comfort in response to variations of height-elevating insoles (HEIs) in young adults. The subjects of this study were 30 young adults who voluntarily consented to participate in this experiment after listening to its purpose and method. They were divided into 3 groups who wore HEIs height (0, 3, and 7 cm). Each group consisted of 10 young adults and wore the HEIs for 4 hr a day. Electromyographic signals were collected from the tibialis anterior, the gastrocnemius, the hamstring, and the right and the left erector spinae (ES) before and after walking with the HEI. Gait pattern was measured before and after walking with the HEI. Perceived comfort was measured after a subject wore the insoles for 4 hr. The activities of ES showed significant differences among the three groups. The activity of the left ES was significantly different between groups 1 (0 cm) and 2 (3 cm) and groups 1 and 3 (7 cm). The activity of the right ES was significantly different between groups 1 and 3. The left stride length and the left step length showed significant differences between groups 1 and 3. Perceived comfort was significantly different among the three groups. As the HEIs increased, the activities of ES were gradually increased and the left step length and stride were decreased. Using of higher HEIs over 4 hr may be occurred excessive activities of the ES, abnormal gait patterns, and perceived discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yeon Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kaya University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Du-Jin Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kaya University, Gimhae, Korea
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35
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Schroeder J, Hollander K. Effects of high-heeled footwear on static and dynamic pelvis position and lumbar lordosis in experienced younger and middle-aged women. Gait Posture 2018; 59:53-57. [PMID: 28987767 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is still conflicting evidence about the effect of high-heeled footwear on posture, especially if methodological confounders are taken into account. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-heeled footwear on lumbopelvic parameters in experienced younger and middle-aged women while standing and walking. Thirty-seven experienced younger (n=19:18-25 years) and middle-aged (n=18:26-56 years) women were included in this randomized crossover study. Using a non-invasive back shape reconstruction device (rasterstereography), static (pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis angle) and dynamic (pelvic rotation, median lumbar lordosis angle and range of motion) parameters representing pelvis position and lumbar curvature were measured. In order to analyse standing and walking on a treadmill (0.83m/s), the effects of high-heels (7-11cm) were compared to standard control shoes. There were no effects on the lumbar lordosis angle or range of motion under static or dynamic conditions (p>0.05, d≤0.06). But there was a small effect for a reduced pelvic tilt (p=0.003, d=0.24) and a moderate effect for an increased transversal pelvic rotation (p=0.001, d=0.63) due to high heel shoed standing or walking, respectively. There were no significant age-group or interaction effects (p>0.05). Altered pelvic parameters may be interpreted as compensatory adaptations to high-heeled footwear rather than lumbar lordosis adaptations in experienced wearers. The impact of these findings on back complaints should be revisited carefully, because muscular overuse as well as postural load relieving may contribute to chronic consequences. Further research is necessary to examine clinically relevant outcomes corresponding to postural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schroeder
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Germany
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36
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How Well Can Modern Nonhabitual Barefoot Youth Adapt to Barefoot and Minimalist Barefoot Technology Shoe Walking, in regard to Gait Symmetry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4316821. [PMID: 29214168 PMCID: PMC5682091 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4316821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We aim to test how well modern nonhabitual barefoot people can adapt to barefoot and Minimalist Bare Foot Technology (MBFT) shoes, in regard to gait symmetry. 28 healthy university students (22 females/6 males) were recruited to walk on a 10-meter walkway randomly on barefoot, in MBFT shoes, and in neutral running shoes at their comfortable walking speed. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected using an 8-camera motion capture system. Data of joint angles, joint forces, and joint moments were extracted to compute a consecutive symmetry index. Compared to walking in neutral running shoes, walking barefoot led to worse symmetry of the following: ankle joint force in sagittal plane, knee joint moment in transverse plane, and ankle joint moment in frontal plane, while improving the symmetry of joint angle in sagittal plane at ankle joints and global (hip-knee-ankle) level. Walking in MBFT shoes had intermediate gait symmetry performance as compared to walking barefoot/walking in neutral running shoes. We conclude that modern nonhabitual barefoot adults will lose some gait symmetry in joint force/moment if they switch to barefoot walking without fitting in; MBFT shoe might be an ideal compromise for healthy youth as regards gait symmetry in walking.
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An Overview of Smart Shoes in the Internet of Health Things: Gait and Mobility Assessment in Health Promotion and Disease Monitoring. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Awrejcewicz J, Fekete G, Ren F, Gu Y. Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running. J Vis Exp 2017:55714. [PMID: 28994758 PMCID: PMC5752245 DOI: 10.3791/55714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited number of studies have explored lower-limb biomechanics during high-heeled jogging and running, and most studies have failed to clarify the wearing experience of subjects. This protocol describes the differences in lower-limb kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) between experienced wearers (EW) and inexperienced wearers (IEW) during moderate high-heeled jogging and running. A three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system with a configured force platform was used to synchronously capture lower-limb joint movements and GRF. 36 young females volunteered to participate in this study and were asked about high-heeled shoe-wearing experience, including frequency, duration, heel types, and heel heights. Eleven who had the experience of 3 to 6 cm heels for a minimum of three days per week (6 h per day) for at least two years and eleven who wore high heels less than twice per month participated. Subjects performed jogging and running at comfortable low and high speeds, respectively, with the right foot completely stepping onto a force platform when passing by along a 10 m walkway. EW and IEW adopted different biomechanical adaptations while jogging and running. IEW exhibited a generally larger range of joint movement, while EW showed a dramatically larger loading rate of GRF during running. Hence, further studies on the lower-limb biomechanics of high-heeled gait should strictly control the wearing experience of the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University; Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University; Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, The Lodz University of Technology
| | - Meizi Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University
| | - Jan Awrejcewicz
- Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, The Lodz University of Technology
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Feng Ren
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University; Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University;
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Naik GR, Al-Ani A, Gobbo M, Nguyen HT. Does Heel Height Cause Imbalance during Sit-to-Stand Task: Surface EMG Perspective. Front Physiol 2017; 8:626. [PMID: 28894422 PMCID: PMC5581500 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether electromyography (EMG) muscle activities around the knee differ during sit-to-stand (STS) and returning task for females wearing shoes with different heel heights. Sixteen healthy young women (age = 25.2 ± 3.9 years, body mass index = 20.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. Electromyography signals were recorded from the two muscles, vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) that involve in the extension of knee. The participants wore shoes with five different heights, including 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 cm. Surface electromyography (sEMG) data were acquired during STS and stand-to-sit-returning (STSR) tasks. The data was filtered using a fourth order Butterworth (band pass) filter of 20–450 Hz frequency range. For each heel height, we extracted median frequency (MDF) and root mean square (RMS) features to measure sEMG activities between VM and VL muscles. The experimental results (based on MDF and RMS-values) indicated that there is imbalance between vasti muscles for more elevated heels. The results are also quantified with statistical measures. The study findings suggest that there would be an increased likelihood of knee imbalance and fatigue with regular usage of high heel shoes (HHS) in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh R Naik
- Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia.,Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney UniversityKingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmed Al-Ani
- Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Gobbo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
| | - Hung T Nguyen
- Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
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40
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Park JW, Jee YS, Eun D, Kim HS, Lee CB, Kim KH, Jang JH, Kim MS, Park HY, Park JM. The effect of wearing high-heeled shoes on the isokinetic strength of ankle muscles. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-211162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wan Park
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Denny Eun
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sung Kim
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Chan-Bok Lee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Kim
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Min-Su Kim
- Department of Air Tourism and Service, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Park
- Department of Air Tourism and Service, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Park
- Department of Physical Education, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, Korea
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41
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Barnish M, Morgan HM, Barnish J. The 2016 HIGh Heels: Health effects And psychosexual BenefITS (HIGH HABITS) study: systematic review of reviews and additional primary studies. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:37. [PMID: 28760147 PMCID: PMC5537921 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-heeled shoes (high heels) are frequently worn by many women and form an important part of female gender identity. Issues of explicit and implicit compulsion to wear high heels have been noted. Previous studies and reviews have provided evidence that high heels are detrimental to health. However, the evidence base remains fragmented and no review has covered both the epidemiological and biomechanical literature. In addition, no review has considered the psychosexual benefits that offer essential context in understanding the public health challenge of high heels. Methods We searched seven major bibliographic databases up to November 2016, in addition to supplementary searches. We initially identified all review articles of any design that assessed either the psychosexual benefits or negative musculoskeletal health effects of high heels, the latter looking at both the epidemiological and biomechanical perspectives. We additionally considered additional primary studies on areas that had not been reviewed before or in which a marked lack of evidence had been noted. Data were extracted onto standardised forms. Proportionate second review was conducted. Results A total of 506 unique records were identified, 27 full-text publications were screened and 20 publications (7 reviews and 13 additional studies) were included in our evidence synthesis. The most up-to-date epidemiological review provides clear evidence of an association between high heel wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain and first-party injury. The body of biomechanical reviews provides clear evidence of changes indicative of increased risk of these outcomes, as well as osteoarthritis, which is not yet evidenced by epidemiological studies. There were no reviews on psychosexual benefits, but all five identified original studies provided evidence of increased attractiveness and/or an impact on men’s behaviour associated with high heel wear. With regard to second-party injury, evidence is limited to one descriptive study and eight case reports. Conclusions Our evidence synthesis clearly shows that high heels bring psychosexual benefits to women but are detrimental to their health. In light of this dilemma, it is important that women’s freedom of choice is respected and that any remaining issues of explicit or implicit compulsion are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Barnish
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Heather May Morgan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Centre for Gender Studies, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Naik GR, Pratihast M, Al-Ani A, Acharyya A, Nguyen HT. Differences in lower limb muscle activation patterns during Sit to Stand Task for different heel heights. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:2486-2489. [PMID: 29060403 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in lower limb muscle activation patterns for females wearing shoes with different heel heights during Sit to Stand Task (STS). Ten female participants with no prior history of neurological disorders participated in this study. Surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristics were recorded for four different heel heights (ranging from 4cm to 10cm) while performing the STS task. Signal processing analysis suggests that muscle activities increases on elevated heel heights, which may induce muscle imbalance for frequent STS tasks. In addition, results of muscle utilisation (percentage) for different heel heights suggest that lower limb muscles tend to compensate in order to maintain postural balance.
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Abstract
An estimated 78% of women regularly walk in high heels. However, up to 58% complain about low back pain, which is commonly thought to be caused by increased lumbar lordosis. However, the extent to which a subject's posture is modified by high-heeled shoes during dynamic activities remains unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate whether low- or high-heeled shoes influence the kinematics of the pelvis and the spine during walking. Twenty-three inexperienced women, and seventeen women experienced in wearing high-heeled shoes, all aged 20-55 years, were measured barefoot and while wearing low- (4cm) and high-heeled (10cm) shoes during gait at a self-selected speed. A 22-camera motion capture system was used to assess the gait patterns for each condition. No significant inter-experience-group kinematic differences were found. In contrast to the results of some studies, our results show that the heels' height does indeed influence the motion of the pelvis and the spine during walking, whereby low-heeled shoes influenced the subjects' trunk kinematics during gait less than high-heeled shoes compared to barefooted walking. However, inexperienced high-heel wearers showed less thoracic curvature angle while wearing high-heels than while wearing low-heels. Importantly, both groups exhibited significantly lower maximum and minimal lumbar and thoracic curvature angles when wearing high-heeled shoes compared to the barefoot condition. As a result, it seems that low back pain might be associated with other factors induced by high-heels.
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Kim K, Chen YJ, Tu HT, Peng HT, Song CY. Effect of fore-medially pitted high-heeled shoes modification on foot pressure during standing and walking. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2017.1314352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwantae Kim
- Department of Sports Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Tong Tu
- Twu Huolong Precision Lasts Co., LTD, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Peng
- Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Song
- Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care, Taipei College of Maritime Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Influence of high-heeled shoes on the sagittal balance of the spine and the whole body. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2016; 25:3658-3665. [PMID: 27206516 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wearing high heels is associated with chronic pain of the neck, lower back and knees. The mechanisms behind this have not been fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of high-heeled shoes on the sagittal balance of the spine and the whole body in non-habitual wearers of high heels. METHODS Lateral standing whole body low-dose radiographs were obtained from 23 female participants (age 29 ± 6 years) with and without high heels and radiological parameters describing the sagittal balance were quantified. These were analyzed for differences between both conditions in the total sample and in subgroups. RESULTS Standing in high heels was associated with an increased femoral obliquity angle [difference (Δ) 3.0° ± 1.7°, p < 0.0001], and increased knee (Δ 2.4° ± 2.9°, p = 0.0009) and ankle flexion (Δ 38.7° ± 3.4°, p < 0.0001). The differences in C7 and meatus vertical axis, cervical and lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, spino-sacral angle, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, and spinal tilt were not significant. Individuals adapting with less-than-average knee flexion responded to high heels by an additional increase in cervical lordosis (Δ 5.8° ± 10.7° vs. 1.8° ± 5.3°). CONCLUSIONS In all participants, wearing high heels led to increased flexion of the knees and to more ankle flexion. While some participants responded to high heels primarily through the lower extremities, others used increased cervical lordosis to adapt to the shift of the body's center of gravity. This could explain the different patterns of pain in the neck, lower back and knees seen in individuals wearing high heels frequently.
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Yu J, Wong DWC, Zhang H, Luo ZP, Zhang M. The influence of high-heeled shoes on strain and tension force of the anterior talofibular ligament and plantar fascia during balanced standing and walking. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:1152-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Farrag A, Elsayed W. Habitual Use of High-Heeled Shoes Affects Isokinetic Soleus Strength More Than Gastrocnemius in Healthy Young Females. Foot Ankle Int 2016; 37:1008-16. [PMID: 27162223 DOI: 10.1177/1071100716649172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual use of high-heeled shoes (HHS) has been reported to negatively impact different body structures. However, few studies have investigated its effect on plantarflexor performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of habitual wear of HHS and knee joint position (to isolate the function of the gastrocnemius) on the isokinetic performance of the plantarflexors and ankle joint range of motion (ROM). METHODS A high-heel (HH) group included 12 women (25.4 ± 4.8 y) who have been wearing HHS for ≥40 hours/wk and for at least a year. A control group (CTRL) had 12 women (21.3 ± 0.5 y) who have occasionally been wearing HHS for <10 hours/wk. Participants performed isokinetic (60 degrees/s) plantarflexion movements through a range set between 15 degrees dorsiflexion and 30 degrees plantarflexion. Ankle joint ROM and average peak plantarflexion torque and power were recorded in 2 knee joint positions, extension and 90 degrees flexion. RESULTS Overall, torque was significantly affected by knee position (P = .04) and habitual use of HHS (P < .001), whereas power was impacted by knee position only (P < .001). Within each group, flexing the knee reduced isokinetic measurements. However, the reduction was greater for the HH group (torque: 54 Nm, power: 35.6 W) compared with the CTRL group (torque: 42 Nm, power: 32.5 W). Ankle joint ROM was significantly different between groups in knee flexion only. CONCLUSION Flexing the knee limited the plantarflexor muscular performance and the limitation was more significant in habitual users of HHS compared to nonusers. Thus, it is concluded that habitual use of HHS impacts the contractile properties of soleus more than gastrocnemius. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The soleus is important for walking and anterior cruciate ligament protection. Thus, HHS users could be susceptible to injury and may need longer and more intensive posttraumatic rehabilitation. Therefore, clinicians should consider knee position when examining the plantarflexors of habitual HHS users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farrag
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Elsayed
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Effects of duration of wearing high-heeled shoes on plantar pressure. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 49:196-205. [PMID: 27428595 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effects of different durations of using high-heeled shoes on plantar pressure and gait. A questionnaire survey and dynamic plantar pressure measurements were performed in 20 control females and 117 females who had worn high-heeled shoes for a long time. According to the duration of using high-heeled shoes (as specified in the questionnaire), subjects were divided into a control group and five groups with different durations of use (i.e. <2years, 2-5years, 6-10years, 11-20years and >20years). Parameters, including peak pressure, impulse and pressure duration, in different plantar regions were measured with the Footscan pressure plate. The 2-5years group had smaller midfoot contact areas for both feet and higher subtalar joint mobility, while the 6-10years group had larger midfoot contact areas for both feet and prolonged foot flat phase during gait. The peak pressure and impulse under the second and fourth metatarsus were increased with the prolonged wearing of high-heeled shoes, and the pressure and impulse under the midfoot were substantially reduced in the 2-5years group. The findings suggest that long-term use of high-heeled shoes can induce changes in arch morphology: the longitudinal arch tends to be elevated within 2-5years; the longitudinal arch tends to be flattened within 6-10years; and the forefoot latitudinal arch tends to collapse in more than 20years.
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Fu F, Zhang Y, Shu Y, Ruan G, Sun J, Baker JS, Gu Y. Lower limb mechanics during moderate high-heel jogging and running in different experienced wearers. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 48:15-27. [PMID: 27101561 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lower limb kinematics and kinetics between experienced (EW) and inexperienced (IEW) moderate high-heel wearers during jogging and running. Eleven experienced female wearers of moderate high-heel shoes and eleven matched controls participated in jogging and running tests. A Vicon motion analysis system was used to capture kinematic data and a Kistler force platform was used to collect ground reaction force (GRF). There were no significant differences in jogging and running speed respectively. Compared with IEW, EW adopted larger stride length (SL) with lower stride frequency (SF) at each corresponding speed. During running, EW enlarged SL significantly while IEW increased both SL and SF significantly. Kinematic data showed that IEW had generally larger joint range of motion (ROM) and peak angles during stance phase. Speed effect was not obvious within IEW. EW exhibited a significantly increased maximal vertical GRF (Fz2) and vertical average loading rate (VALR) during running, which was potentially caused by overlong stride. These suggest that both EW and IEW are at high risk of joint injuries when running on moderate high heels. For wearers who have to do some running on moderate high heels, it is crucial to control joint stability and balance SL and SF consciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Fu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, China; Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, China
| | - Guoqing Ruan
- Human Movement Research Lab, Anta Sports Products Limited, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Ninth Hospital, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, UK
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, China; Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University, China.
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