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Tamasi G, Bonechi C, Leone G, Andreassi M, Consumi M, Sangiorgio P, Verardi A, Rossi C, Magnani A. Varietal and Geographical Origin Characterization of Peaches and Nectarines by Combining Analytical Techniques and Statistical Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144128. [PMID: 34299402 PMCID: PMC8306427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus persica L. is one of the most important fruit crops in European production, after grapes, apples, oranges and watermelons. Most varieties are rich in secondary metabolites, showing antioxidant properties for human health. The purpose of this study was to develop a chemical analysis methodology, which involves the use of different analytical-instrumental techniques to deepen the knowledge related to the profile of metabolites present in selected cultivars of peaches and nectarines cultivated in the Mediterranean area (Southern Italy). The comparative study was conducted by choosing yellow-fleshed peaches (RomeStar, ZeeLady) and yellow-fleshed nectarines (Nectaross, Venus) from two geographical areas (Piana di Sibari and Piana di Metaponto), and by determining the chemical parameters for the flesh and skin that allow for identification of any distinctive varietal and/or geographical characteristics. A combined analytical and chemometric approach was used, trough rheological, thermogravimetric (TGA), chromatographic (HPLC-ESI-MS), spectroscopic (UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, NMR) and spectrometric (ToF-SIMS) analysis. This approach allowed us to identify the characterizing parameters for the analysis of a plant matrix so that the developed methodology could define an easily exportable and extendable model for the characterization of other types of vegetable matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tamasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.L.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Bonechi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.L.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gemma Leone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.L.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco Andreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.L.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Marco Consumi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.L.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Sangiorgio
- ENEA, Trisaia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella, Italy; (P.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Alessandra Verardi
- ENEA, Trisaia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella, Italy; (P.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Claudio Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.L.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Operative Unit, University of Siena, Campo Verde, Castrovillari, 87012 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.L.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Pardini A, Tamasi G, De Rocco F, Bonechi C, Consumi M, Leone G, Magnani A, Rossi C. Kinetics of glucosinolate hydrolysis by myrosinase in Brassicaceae tissues: A high-performance liquid chromatography approach. Food Chem 2021; 355:129634. [PMID: 33799240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of secondary metabolites occurring in all the vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Upon tissue damage, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed by myrosinase to a series of degradation products, including isothiocyanates, which are important for their health-promoting effects in humans. The glucosinolate-myrosinase system has been characterized in several Brassica species, of which white mustard (Sinapis alba) has been studied the most. In this study, a new HPLC-UV assay to evaluate the activities and kinetics of myrosinases in aqueous extracts, which closely represent the physiological conditions of plant tissues, was developed. This method was tested on myrosinases extracted from broccoli and cauliflower inflorescences, employing sinigrin and glucoraphanin as substrates. The results showed a strong inhibition of both enzymes at high substrate concentrations. The main issues related to kinetic analysis on the glucosinolate-myrosinase system were also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Pardini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Gabriella Tamasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Federica De Rocco
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Bonechi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Consumi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Leone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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CO2 recovery from wine production: Possible implications on the carbon balance at territorial level. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cellura M, Cusenza MA, Longo S. Energy-related GHG emissions balances: IPCC versus LCA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:1328-1339. [PMID: 30045554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Addressing climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges. Due to the impact of cities to energy consumption, the involvement of the local authorities in environmental policies is rapidly increasing. The Covenant of Mayors (CoM), launched by the European Commission, is an urban initiative aimed at reducing CO2 emissions. The signatories have to compile the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) balance of their territory and, to do so, they can use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Moreover, the signatories have to define strategies to reduce the GHG emissions. In this context, authors estimate the GHG balance of an Italian municipality using both methodologies in order to compare the results. In detail, the first application is the IPCC, the second one is the LCA approach for which two cases are analysed: i) LCA with fossil fuels and electricity GHG emission factors based on the European Reference Life Cycle Database, LCA (I); and ii) LCA with a site - specific GHG emissions for electricity generation, LCA (II). They propose energy strategies in order to quantify the achievable GHG emissions reduction by the exploitation of the renewable energy resources. The study shows that the GHG emissions results obtained with the LCA approach are higher by 20% than those calculated with the IPCC approach. This difference is relevant and it could be significant in identifying effective climate strategies. The LCA methodology ensures a systemic accounting of emissions, then, it can be more effective in order to achieve GHG emissions reduction at global level. The examined energy strategies allow for reducing the GHG emissions of about 7% of the total reduction required by the CoM. This confirms that a preliminary evaluation of the strategies is useful for the allocation of the financial resources to the environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cellura
- Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Anna Cusenza
- Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Sonia Longo
- Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Bagliani M, Galli A, Niccolucci V, Marchettini N. Ecological footprint analysis applied to a sub-national area: the case of the Province of Siena (Italy). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2008; 86:354-64. [PMID: 17110019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work is part of a larger project, which aims at investigating the environmental sustainability of the Province of Siena and of its communes, by means of different indicators and methods of analysis. The research presented in this article uses ecological footprint and biocapacity as indicators to monitor the environmental conditions of the area of Siena, thus complementing previous studies carried out using Emergy, greenhouse gases balance and other methods. The calculations have been performed in such a way as to enable a disaggregation of the final results according to the classical categories of ecologically productive land and of consumption, but also according to citizen's and public administration's areas of influence. This information allows us to investigate in detail the socio-economic aspects of environmental resource use. Among the notable results, the Siena territory is characterized by a nearly breakeven total ecological balance, a result contrasting with the national average and most of the other Italian provinces. Furthermore, the analysis has been carried out at different spatial scales (province, districts and communes), highlighting an inhomogeneous territorial structure consisting of subareas in ecological deficit compensated by zones in ecological surplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bagliani
- IRES (Istituto Ricerche Economico Sociali) Piemonte, via Nizza 18, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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Ridolfi R, Andreis D, Panzieri M, Ceccherini F. The application of environmental certification to the Province of Siena. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2008; 86:390-5. [PMID: 17064839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The SPIn-Eco project has provided very broad and precise data collection regarding the Province of Siena. These data and their elaborations have also been developed as a basis for the environmental certification of this organization. In this way, the Administration of the Province of Siena (the first Province in Italy) has reached its goal of obtaining better knowledge of the state of the system and of constructing its environmental management system (EMS) according to the environmental aspects directly and indirectly arising from the organization's activities. Indirect aspects are mainly related to the territorial monitoring and planning. Indicators based on the classical pressure-state-response approach, as well as more complex ones based on CO(2) balance, emergy and ecological footprint analyses, have been used to assess the environmental performance of the EMS. This paper presents how this EMS is constructed, as well as the indicators that are used to analyze the system, paying particular attention to sustainability indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ridolfi
- Department of Chemical and Biosystems Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Bastianoni S, Pulselli FM, Focardi S, Tiezzi EBP, Gramatica P. Correlations and complementarities in data and methods through Principal Components Analysis (PCA) applied to the results of the SPIn-Eco Project. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2008; 86:419-26. [PMID: 17095140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates how the results from different methods can be interpreted on the basis of a statistical approach that can help find new hints in the evaluation of sustainability at the territorial level. The SPIn-Eco Project for the Province of Siena (Italy) is an example of an environmental sustainability assessment of an area using methods that are suitable for a large system: Ecological Footprint, Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Extended Exergy Analysis, Emergy Evaluation, and Remote Sensing. The calculation of many indicators, derived from these methods, has prompted us to use a statistical method (Principal Components Analysis, PCA) to understand the degree of similarity/congruence of the indicators (here we have examined 26 of them) and the possibility of recognizing patterns or clusters in the description of the 36 municipalities that compose the Province of Siena. Among the results, unexpectedly, emergy flow and the Ecological Footprint resulted as being completely uncorrelated, apparently due to the importance that the non-renewable part of the emergy holds in the evaluation. The municipalities of the province are considerably spread out over the graphs, even though that of Siena is quite far from the rest along the first dimension. In addition, we were able to distinguish between more homogeneous districts (sets of municipalities), such as Val di Merse and Val d'Orcia, and very diverse ones, such as Val d'Elsa and Val di Chiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bastianoni
- Department of Chemical and Biosystems Sciences and Technologies-University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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