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Munir R, Muneer A, Sadia B, Younas F, Zahid M, Yaseen M, Noreen S. Biochar imparted constructed wetlands (CWs) for enhanced biodegradation of organic and inorganic pollutants along with its limitation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:425. [PMID: 38573498 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of polluted soil and water stands as a paramount task in safeguarding environmental sustainability and ensuring a dependable water source. Biochar, celebrated for its capacity to enhance soil quality, stimulate plant growth, and adsorb a wide spectrum of contaminants, including organic and inorganic pollutants, within constructed wetlands, emerges as a promising solution. This review article is dedicated to examining the effects of biochar amendments on the efficiency of wastewater purification within constructed wetlands. This comprehensive review entails an extensive investigation of biochar's feedstock selection, production processes, characterization methods, and its application within constructed wetlands. It also encompasses an exploration of the design criteria necessary for the integration of biochar into constructed wetland systems. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of recent research findings pertains to the role of biochar-based wetlands in the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants. The principal objectives of this review are to provide novel and thorough perspectives on the conceptualization and implementation of biochar-based constructed wetlands for the treatment of organic and inorganic pollutants. Additionally, it seeks to identify potential directions for future research and application while addressing prevailing gaps in knowledge and limitations. Furthermore, the study delves into the potential limitations and risks associated with employing biochar in environmental remediation. Nevertheless, it is crucial to highlight that there is a significant paucity of data regarding the influence of biochar on the efficiency of wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands, with particular regard to its impact on the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Muneer
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Sadia
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Younas
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Qian X, Huang J, Ji X, Yan C, Cao C, Wu Y, Wang X. Modified basalt fibers boost performance of constructed wetlands: Comparison between surface coating and chemical grafting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130492. [PMID: 38408500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Modified basalt fiber (MBF) is a potential material that has been applied in wastewater treatment fields. In this study, superior performances of MBFs by calcium (Ca-MBF) and polyethyleneimine modification (PEI-MBF) were compared in constructed wetlands (CWs). Via chemical grafting, higher biofilm contents were observed on the surface of PEI-MBF, compared to Ca-MBF. Moreover, MBF increased key enzyme activities particularly in lower substrate layer, contributing to positive responses of microbial community in CWs. For instance, PEI-MBF boosted microbial richness and diversity and improved the abundances of denitrifying functional bacteria and biomarkers like Thauera, Vulcanibacillus, and Maritimimonas, probably promoting nitrate removal compared with Ca-MBF group. By contrast, Ca-MBF enriched more functional genera involved in nutrients removal, with the highest removal of ammonium (43.9 %), total nitrogen (66.2 %), and total phosphorus (37.1 %). Overall, this work provided new findings on improved performance of CWs with MBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Qian
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 744000, China
| | - Chunni Yan
- School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Chong Cao
- Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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González T, Miranda JP, Gómez G, Puigagut J, Vidal G. Saturated constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell system and effect on dissolved oxygen gradient, electricity generation and ammonium removal. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:624-638. [PMID: 36101485 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess effect of saturated constructed wetland-Microbial fuel cell system on dissolved oxygen gradient, electricity generation and ammonium removal. Two laboratory-scale systems, one planted with Schoenoplectus californicus (SCW1-MFC) and other without plant (SCW2-MFC), were fed discontinuously with synthetic wastewater over 90 days. Both systems were operated at different organic loading rate (12 and 28 g COD/m2d) and ammonium loading rate (1.6 and 3.0 g NH4+- N/m2 d) under open circuit and close circuit mode. The results indicate that between lower and upper zones of wetlands the average values were in the range of 1.22 ± 0.32 to 1.39 ± 0.27 mg O2/L in SCW1-MFC and 1.28 ± 0.24 to 1.56 ± 0.31 mg O2/L in SCW2-MFC. The effect of operating mode (closed and open circuit) and vegetation on DO was not significant (p > 0.05). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies, fluctuated between 90 and 95% in the SCW1-MFC and 82 and 94% in the SCW2-MFC system. Regarding NH4+- N, removal efficiencies were above 85% in both systems reaching values maximus 98%. The maximum power density generated was 4 and 10 mW/m2 in SCW1-MFC, while SCW2-MFC recorded the highest values (12 and 22 mW/m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais González
- Engineering and Biotechnology Environmental Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Miranda
- Engineering and Biotechnology Environmental Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gloria Gómez
- Engineering and Biotechnology Environmental Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaume Puigagut
- Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology (GEMMA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Engineering and Biotechnology Environmental Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Das P, Paul K. A review on integrated vermifiltration as a sustainable treatment method for wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116974. [PMID: 36516714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the scarcity of fresh water, concerned authorities worldwide are bound to think about remediation and reuse of domestic and industrial effluents. The present review study on integrated vermifiltrationwith hydroponic system explains mechanism followed in system and presently the reutilization and remediation of domestic and industrial effluents. It explains the result of integrated vermifiltration and recognizes factors such as clogging, hydraulic loading rate or rain on bed, salinity, and sunlight affect the efficiency of system. The study also focuses on limitations associated with vermifiltration and also suggestions have been made for enhancing the sustainability and performance of existing practices. After literature review, integrated vermifiltration with hydroponic system considered as a natural and eco-friendly method for treating polluted water. Active zone of vermifilter remove organics, nitrate from nitrogen, total and dissolved phosphorus from wastewater. The vermifiltration and integrated vermifiltration with macrophyte able remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range (53.7%-64.4%) and (75.5%-82.8%) respectively. The integrated system reduces land consumption and wastewater can be reutilized in cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India.
| | - KakoliKarar Paul
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India.
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Drzymała J, Kalka J, Sochacki A, Felis E. Towards Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Bioindication as a Technique for Supporting Treatment Efficiency Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11859. [PMID: 36231168 PMCID: PMC9565086 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a promising alternative for conventional methods of wastewater treatment. However, the biggest challenge in wastewater treatment is the improvement of the technology used so that it is possible to remove micropollutants without additional costs. The impact of wastewater treatment in CWs on toxicity towards Aliivibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Lemna minor was investigated. The effects of feeding regime (wastewater fed in five batches per week at a batch volume of 1 L, or twice per week at a batch volume of 2.5 L) and the presence of pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole), as well as the presence of Miscantus giganteus plants in CW columns (twelve of the 24 columns that were planted) were analyzed. A reduction in toxicity was observed in all experimental setups. The effluents from constructed wetlands were classified as moderately toxic (average TU for A. fischeri, D. magna and L. minor was 0.9, 2.5 and 5.5, respectively). The feeding regime of 5 days of feeding/2 days of resting resulted in a positive impact on the ecotoxicological and chemical parameters of wastewater (removal of TOC, N-NH4 and pharmaceuticals). Extended exposure of Miscantus giganteus to the wastewater containing pharmaceuticals resulted in elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in leaf material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Drzymała
- The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Kalka
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka str 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adam Sochacki
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka str 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Felis
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka str 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Pang Q, Xu W, He F, Peng F, Zhu X, Xu B, Yu J, Jiang Z, Wang L. Functional genera for efficient nitrogen removal under low C/N ratio influent at low temperatures in a two-stage tidal flow constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150142. [PMID: 34509836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage tidal flow constructed wetland (referred to as TFCW-A and TFCW-B) was used to treat low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (COD/TN or simply C/N) ratio influent at low temperatures (<15 °C). The influence of the flooding-resting time (A: 8 h-4 h, B: 4 h-8 h) and effluent recirculation on nitrogen removal and microbial community characteristics were explored. TFCW-B achieved optimal average nitrogen removal efficiency with effluent recirculation (96.05% ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N); 78.43% TN) and led to nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) accumulation due to the lack of a carbon source and longer resting time. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were inhibited at low temperatures. Except for nrfA, AOA, AOB, narG and nirS were separated by the flooding-resting time rather than by spatial position. Furthermore, the dominant genera in TFCW-A were Arthrobacter, Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, and Solitalea, whereas prolonging resting time promoted the growth of Thauera and Zoogloea in TFCW-B. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Zoogloea and Rhodobacter had the strongest correlations with other genera. Moreover, the NH4+-N concentration was significantly positively influenced by Arthrobacter, Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, and Solitalea but negatively influenced by Thauera and Zoogloea. There was no significant correlation between TN and the dominant genera. This study not only provides a practicable system for wastewater treatment with a low C/N ratio but also presents a theoretical basis for the regulation of microbial communities in nitrogen removal systems at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Pang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fei He
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Fuquan Peng
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zewei Jiang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Longmian Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
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Ma X, Du Y, Peng W, Zhang S, Liu X, Wang S, Yuan S, Kolditz O. Modeling the impacts of plants and internal organic carbon on remediation performance in the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117635. [PMID: 34530225 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The integrated vertical flow (IVF) constructed wetland consists of two or more chambers with heterogeneous flow patterns and strong aeration capability, possesses favorable remediation performance. The Constructed Wetland Model No.1 (CWM1) embedded in the OpenGeoSys # IPHREEQC was applied to investigate the wetland plant effects on treatment efficiency. Two fundamental functions of the plant roots (i) the radial oxygen loss (ROL) and (ii) exudation of internal organic carbon (IOC), are developed and implemented in the model to simulate the treating processes of planted laboratory-scale IVF wetlands fed by the synthetic wastewater. The good agreement between simulated results and measurements of the planted IVF wetland and the unplanted filters mimicking wetland demonstrates the combined effects of ROL and IOC and the model reliability. In summer the ammonia (NH4-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removals are high as above 90% in both IVF wetlands, and in winter they decline significantly to around 55% and 45% in unplanted wetland, contrastively to about 85% and 78% in the planted wetland. The nitrogen removal - COD/N ratio relation curves of IVF wetlands are proposed and obtained by modeling to evaluate organic carbon loading status. Based on the curves, the COD/N ratios of unplanted and planted wetlands are about 3∼7 and 3∼10 gCOD/gN for high TN removal respectively. Planted wetlands can tolerate a wider range of COD/N ratio influents than unplanted ones. The ROL in the unplanted wetland promotes COD and NH4-N removal, while may inhibit denitrification under low-temperature conditions. The single addition of IOC enhances the oxygen-consuming and restrains the nitrification under the full loaded COD condition. Summing up all organic carbon releases from substrate and roots as IOC, the quantification of IOC acts on nitrogen treatment was simulated and compared with the external organic carbon (EOC) loading from influent. IOC performs higher efficiency on TN removal than EOC at the same organic loading rates. The results provide the thoughts of the solution for low TN removal in the carbon deficient constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yanliang Du
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Wenqi Peng
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shuanghu Zhang
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shiyang Wang
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Olaf Kolditz
- Department of Environmental Informatics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Sharma R, Vymazal J, Malaviya P. Application of floating treatment wetlands for stormwater runoff: A critical review of the recent developments with emphasis on heavy metals and nutrient removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146044. [PMID: 33689897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are increasingly gaining popularity due to a set of valuable features like wastewater remediation under varied conditions, ecosystem quality preservation, landscape conservation, and aesthetic benefits. FTW is a phyto-technology in which macrophytes grow on a floating raft with their roots in permanent contact with water and remove pollutants via several physicochemical-biological processes. FTW is highly capable of overcoming technical and operational challenges that come way in stormwater treatment due to the erratic nature of hydrologic and input pollutant loads because this innovative buoyant hydroponic design can move up and down with fluctuating water levels in the stormwater pond and can treat highly variable flows. Plants and biofilms attached to the roots hanging beneath the floating mat play a pivotal role in FTWs. The present review encompasses the concept of FTWs, their structural designs, relevance in stormwater management, and mechanism of plant uptake for pollutant removal. The role of FTWs to remove heavy metals and nutrients is also critically analyzed. Understanding hydraulics and other parameters of FTW is vital to effective design. Hence, the role of vegetation coverage, vegetation type, sorption media, aeration frequency, and intensity, and plant density to enhance system efficiency is also highlighted. Due to their operational flexibility and environmentally friendly working with no additional burden on existing urban land use, FTWs entice broad international interest and offer a coherent solution for stormwater management. MAIN FINDINGS: The review delivers state-of-the-art analysis of the current understanding of hydraulics and other parameters of FTWs, and associated mechanisms to enhance the treatment efficiency of FTWs for nutrients and heavy metals removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozi Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, J&K, India
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Piyush Malaviya
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, J&K, India.
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Ennabili A, Radoux M. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and biomass production in four riparian plants grown in subsurface flow constructed wetlands for urban wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111806. [PMID: 33352379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Riparian woodlands play a multiple ecological and environmental role, including control of non-point source pollution and increasing of nutrients retention. Four riparian species (Arundo donax L., Salix purpurea L., Populus euphratica Olivier and Tamarix gallica L.) were tested comparatively in tertiary treatment and/or secondary one under a Mediterranean climate. Mesocosm inlets and outlets have been sampled every two weeks, during 21 successive months, and analyzed to determine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents. Growth, biomass production and/or NP contents of macrophytes were monitored during three successive vegetation periods. Results show that A. donax presents a higher growth rate (2.39 cm d-1) during the vegetation period, and a large harvestable biomass (118-134 t dry weight.ha-1.y-1) and aboveground N/P accumulation (1.55-2.13 t N.ha-1.y-1/0.16-0.17 t P.ha-1.y-1). S. purpurea and T. gallica show medium performances in this respect. In addition, A. donax-Mesocosm retains more particulate and dissolved forms of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and orthophosphates in both treatment levels. In tertiary treatment, the annual collecting of aboveground biomass contributes to the export of 31.4% N-14.1% P and 14.5% N-7.71% P removed, by A. donax and T. gallica mesocosms in the same order. Collecting biomass of riparian plant grown in subsurface flow constructed wetland promotes more N retention when compared to the P one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Ennabili
- MPCE Laboratory-GP Department, Superior School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, BP 2427, Route D'Imouzzer, 30000, Fez, Morocco; MHEA® International Network, Rue de La Halte, 221, 6717, Nobressart, Belgium.
| | - Michel Radoux
- MHEA® International Network, Rue de La Halte, 221, 6717, Nobressart, Belgium
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Sikhosana MLM, Botha A, Monyatsi L M, Coetzee MAA. Evaluating the effect of seasonal temperature changes on the efficiency of a rhizofiltration system in nitrogen removal from urban runoff. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111192. [PMID: 32798845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study presents an evaluation of nitrogen removal efficiency of a pilot-scale rhizofiltration system in Pretoria, South Africa. The rhizofiltration system was divided into two sections, one side planted with common reeds (Phragmites australis) and the other side was without plants kept as a control. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of seasonal temperature on the removal of nitrogen species from the simulated urban runoff using the rhizofiltration system. The final effluent from the filter was collected bimonthly at different sampling points for 10 months after an application time of 5 min and 25 min. Duplicate samples were taken to determine the concentrations of TKN (Total Kjeldahl nitrogen), ammonium, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for the raw influent and final effluent from the rhizofiltration system. Temperature and pH were determined on-site. During the monitoring period, there was no significant difference in the inflow concentration of ammonium in colder and warmer months for both planted and control sides. Furthermore, the composition of the feed medium to the rhizofilter was kept the same in both cold and warm season and for both planted and control sides. The removal of ammonium in colder and warmer months was not significant in both systems. At an average temperature increase of 5.2 °C in the warmer months, the ammonium removal efficiency in the planted side increased by 7.5%, while for the control side the removal efficiency increased by 2.4%. The difference in removal was not significant between the averages of effluent ammonium after an application time of 25 min in colder versus warmer months for the planted and control sides of the system. Furthermore, an increased nitrification rate was more evident in the planted than in the control side, which was subsequently denitrified. It was observed that 60.4% of nitrate concentration was potentially removed in the planted side whereas 45.4% was potentially denitrified in the control side. These results suggest positive correlation between nitrate concentration and the potential for denitrification. The nitrate removal efficiency dropped to 32.2% for the planted site and to 26.1% for the control system in colder months. Temperature had an effect on nitrogen removal, since nitrogen removal efficiency decreased in colder months. Complete nitrogen removal could not be achieved under the operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Sikhosana
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - A Botha
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mpenyane- Monyatsi L
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - M A A Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Daly I, Jellali S, Mehri I, Reis MAM, Freitas EB, Oehmen A, Chatti A. Phosphorus and ammonium removal characteristics from aqueous solutions by a newly isolated plant growth-promoting bacterium. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2603-2617. [PMID: 30689524 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1575917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An indigenous plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from Peganum Harmala rhizosphere in the arid ecosystem was found to solubilize and accumulate phosphates. This isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sp. (PHR6) by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Controlled batch experiments on nutrients removal by this isolate in mineral medium showed relatively high efficiencies after 24 h of aerobic incubation with average values of 117.59 and 335.38 mg gVSS-1 for phosphorus (P-PO4) and nitrogen (N-NH4), respectively. Furthermore, the strain performed heterotrophic nitrification ranging from 48.81% to 84.24% of the total removed nitrogen. On the other hand, the experimental results showed that a short idle period (24 h) significantly enhanced P accumulation (up to 95%) and N assimilation (up to 50%) of the total removed amounts. However, long idle period (20 days) revealed firstly aerobic phosphorous release phase succeeded by another removal one within 24 h of incubation. Overall, the idle treatment enhances P removal efficiency from the mineral liquid medium without significant effects on N-NH4 removal performance. The isolated strain showed also significant nutrient removal ability from synthetic wastewater providing an accumulated fraction of 98% from the total removed phosphorus amount. This study highlights the potential contribution of the selected rhizobacterium PHR6 to both environmental nutrient recycling and pollution control especially regarding phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Daly
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory (LabEauE), Water Research and Technologies Center, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, El-Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Salah Jellali
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory (LabEauE), Water Research and Technologies Center, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ines Mehri
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Water Research and Technologies Center, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Maria A M Reis
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Department, FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elisabete B Freitas
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Department, FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Department, FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Water Research and Technologies Center, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia
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12
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Ji M, Hu Z, Hou C, Liu H, Ngo HH, Guo W, Lu S, Zhang J. New insights for enhancing the performance of constructed wetlands at low temperatures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122722. [PMID: 31983576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely utilized for various types of wastewater treatment due to their merits, including high cost-effectiveness and easy operation. However, a few intrinsic drawbacks have always restricted their application and long-term stability, especially their weak performance at temperatures under 10 °C (low temperatures) due to the deterioration of microbial assimilation and plant uptake processes. The existing modifications to improve CWs performance from the direct optimization of internal components to the indirect adjunction of external resources promoted the wastewater treatment efficiency to a certain degree, but the sustainability and sufficiency of pollutants removal remains a challenge. With the goal of optimizing CW components, the integrity of the CW ecosystem and the removal of emerging pollutants, future directions for research should include radiation plant breeding, improvements to CW ecosystems, and the combination or integration of certain treatment processes with CWs to enhance wastewater treatment effects at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Ji
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Chenglin Hou
- North Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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13
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Impact of Ornamental Vegetation Type and Different Substrate Layers on Pollutant Removal in Constructed Wetland Mesocosms Treating Rural Community Wastewater. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving water quality is a relevant environmental aspect, and using constructed wetlands (CWs) is a sustainable option for this; both porous material filled cells and plants that collectively remove contaminants must be readily available and inexpensive. This study evaluated CWs and their functionality by comparing two ornamental plants (Spathiphyllum wallisii and Hedychium coronarium) planted in experimental mesocosm units filled with layers of porous river rock, tepezil, and soil, or in mesocosms with layers of porous river rock, and tepezil, without the presence of soil. The findings during the experiments (180 days), showed that the removal of pollutants (chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids suspended (TSS), nitrogen as ammonium (N-NH4), as nitrate (N-NO3), and phosphate (P-PO4) was 20–50% higher in mesocosms with vegetation that in the absence of this, and those mesocosms with the soil layer between 33–45% favored removal of P-PO4. Differences regarding of vegetation removal were only observed for N-NH4, being 25–45% higher in CWs with H. coronarium, compared with S. wallisii. Both species are suitable for using in CWs, for its functionality as phytoremediation, and aesthetic advantages could generate interest for wastewater treatment in rural communities, parks, schools or in domiciliary levels like floral flower boxes in the backyard. The study also revealed that a soil layer in CWs is necessary to increase the removal of P-PO4, an ion hardly eliminated in water treatment.
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14
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Liu FF, Fan J, Du J, Shi X, Zhang J, Shen Y. Intensified nitrogen transformation in intermittently aerated constructed wetlands: Removal pathways and microbial response mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2880-2887. [PMID: 30373064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) removal processing in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) with different designs often varies greatly. Here, a long term VFCWs study for domestic wastewater treatment was carried out to investigate the impact of intermittent aeration and three construction-waste media (common gravel, red brick and fly-ash brick) on N loss, N retention and microbial community. The total nitrogen (TN) removal was significantly higher in aerated VFCWs (91.31%-93.91%) compared with non-aerated VFCWs (12.22%-53.92%), with the highest removal rate in system VI filled with fly-ash brick. Nitrification/denitrification was the main N sink in aerated VFCWs accounting for 36.79%-55.44%, while media storage (8.47%-48.64%) dominated in non-aerated systems because of nitrification limitation. <16% of the TN removal was uptake by plants, and N2O emission contributed about 0.08%-0.39%. Microbial study found that functional bacteria increased with intermittently aeration. The analysis revealed the crucial influence of oxygen supply and media on N transformations in VFCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jinlin Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jinhui Du
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Xia Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Youhao Shen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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15
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Raphael OD, Ojo SIA, Ogedengbe K, Eghobamien C, Morakinyo AO. Comparison of the performance of horizontal and vertical flow constructed wetland planted with Rhynchospora corymbosa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:152-159. [PMID: 30656976 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1488809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment performance of horizontal flow (HF) and vertical flow (VF) constructed wetland planted with Rhynchospora corymbosa were compared. The average porosity of the CW beds were 0.55, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days, hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and Organic Loading rate were 0.058 m/day and 3.96 (g·BOD/m2·day), respectively with a volumetric flow rate of 0.14 m3/day. The pollutant concentration of graywater before and after its introduction to the CWs was measured using standard sampling and analyses methods. The mean removal efficiencies (RE) for HF and VF CWs were BOD, 35% and 35.4%; COD, 61.9% and 56.7%; TN, 87% and 92%; TP, 95% and 65%; TSS, 86% and 59.6%; pH, 8.8% and 12.8%, respectively. The graywater was highly contaminated in terms of nutrient and organic load. The mean values of the parameters tested for different CWs were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). This comparative study favored HF over VF Constructed wetland with HF found to be a viable alternative for graywater treatment for organics, nutrients and suspended solids removal. The result provided insight into the performance of CWs planted with R. corymbosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Raphael
- a Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - S I A Ojo
- b Department of Civil Engineering , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - K Ogedengbe
- c Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - C Eghobamien
- b Department of Civil Engineering , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - A O Morakinyo
- b Department of Civil Engineering , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
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16
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Effect of a Submerged Zone and Carbon Source on Nutrient and Metal Removal for Stormwater by Bioretention Cells. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A bioretention system is a low-impact and sustainable treatment facility for treating urban stormwater runoff. To meet or maintain a consistently satisfactory performance, especially in terms of increasing nitrogen removal efficiency, the introduction of a submerged (anoxic) zone (SZ) combined with a module-based carbon source (C) has been recommended. This study investigated the removal of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and heavy metals with a retrofitted bioretention system. A significant (p < 0.05) removal enhancement of N as well as total phosphorus (TP) was observed, in the mesocosms with additions of exogenous carbon as opposed to those without such condition. However, even in the mesocosm with SZ alone (without exogenous C), TP removal showed significant enhancement. With regard to the effects of SZ depth on nutrient removal, the results showed that the removal of both N and P in module with a shallow SZ (200 mm) showed significant enhancement compared to that in module with a deep SZ (300 mm). Removal efficiencies greater than 93% were observed for all three heavy metals tested (Cu, Pb, and Zn) in all mesocosms, even in the bioretention module without an SZ or plants, and it indicated that adsorption by the filtration media itself is probably the most important removal mechanism. Only Cu (but not Pb or Zn) showed significantly enhanced removal in module with an SZ as compared to those without an SZ. Carbon source played a minor role in metal removal as no significant (p > 0.05) improvement was observed in module with C as compared to that without C. Based on these results, the incorporation of SZ with C in stormwater biofilters is recommended.
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17
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Almuktar SAAAN, Abed SN, Scholz M. Wetlands for wastewater treatment and subsequent recycling of treated effluent: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23595-23623. [PMID: 29959736 PMCID: PMC6096557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to water scarcity challenges around the world, it is essential to think about non-conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean freshwater. Environmental and public health problems may result from insufficient provision of sanitation and wastewater disposal facilities. Because of this, wastewater treatment and recycling methods will be vital to provide sufficient freshwater in the coming decades, since water resources are limited and more than 70% of water are consumed for irrigation purposes. Therefore, the application of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation has much potential, especially when incorporating the reuse of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which are essential for plant production. Among the current treatment technologies applied in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation, wetlands were concluded to be the one of the most suitable ones in terms of pollutant removal and have advantages due to both low maintenance costs and required energy. Wetland behavior and efficiency concerning wastewater treatment is mainly linked to macrophyte composition, substrate, hydrology, surface loading rate, influent feeding mode, microorganism availability, and temperature. Constructed wetlands are very effective in removing organics and suspended solids, whereas the removal of nitrogen is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands meeting the irrigation reuse standards. The removal of phosphorus is usually low, unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Pathogen removal from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless supplementary lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad A A A N Almuktar
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq
| | - Suhail N Abed
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK.
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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18
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Lima MX, Carvalho KQ, Passig FH, Borges AC, Filippe TC, Azevedo JCR, Nagalli A. Performance of different substrates in constructed wetlands planted with E. crassipes treating low-strength sewage under subtropical conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1365-1373. [PMID: 29554756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess removal potential of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total phosphorus (TP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in synthetic wastewater simulating low-strength sewage by sequencing-batch mode constructed wetlands (CWs). Six CWs with three substrates (gravel, light expanded clay and clay bricks) and one CW of each substrate was planted with E. crassipes to verify the feasibility of using a floating macrophyte in CWs and verify the best optimized substrate. Results showed that the presence of E. crassipes enhanced the removal of COD for systems with gravel, increasing the removal efficiency from 37% in the unplanted system (CWG-U) to 60% in the planted system (CWG-P). The vegetated CW with clay bricks (CWB-P) presented the best performance for both TKN and TAN removal, with maximum removal efficiencies of 68% and 35%, respectively. Phosphorus was observed to be efficiently removed in systems with clay bricks, both planted (CWB-U) and unplanted (CWB-P), with mean removal efficiencies of 82% and 87%, respectively, probably via adsorption. It was also observed that after 296days of operation, no desorption or increase on phosphorus in effluent samples were observed, thus indicating that the material was not yet saturated and phosphorus probably presents a strong binding to the media. ASA removal efficiency varied from 34% to 92% in CWs, probably due to plant uptake through roots and microbial biodegradation. Plant direct uptake varied from 4 to 74% of the total nitrogen and from 26 to 71% of the total phosphorus removed in CWG-P, CWC-P and CWB-P. E. crassipes was able to uptake up to 4.19g of phosphorus in CWC-P and 11.84g of nitrogen in CWB-P. The findings on this study suggest that E. crassipes could be used in CWs and clay bricks could significantly enhance phosphorus removal capacity in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Lima
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Civil Engineering Graduate Program, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - K Q Carvalho
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Civil Construction Academic Department, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - F H Passig
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Chemistry and Biology Academic Department, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - A C Borges
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Agricultural Engineering, PH Rolfs Ave s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - T C Filippe
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Environmental Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J C R Azevedo
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Chemistry and Biology Academic Department, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - A Nagalli
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Civil Construction Academic Department, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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19
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Jesus JM, Danko AS, Fiúza A, Borges MT. Effect of plants in constructed wetlands for organic carbon and nutrient removal: a review of experimental factors contributing to higher impact and suggestions for future guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4149-4164. [PMID: 29250733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland is a proven technology for water pollution removal, but process mechanisms and their respective contribution are not fully understood. The present review details the effect of plants on removal efficiency of constructed wetlands by focusing on literature that includes experiments with unplanted controls for organic carbon and nutrient (N and P) removal. The contribution of plant direct uptake is also assessed. Although it was found that several studies, mostly at laboratory or pilot scales, showed no statistical differences between planted and unplanted controls, some factors were found that help maximize the effect of plants. This study intends to contribute to a better understanding of the significance of the effect of plants in a constructed wetland, as well as to suggest a set of experimental guidelines in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Jesus
- Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment (CERENA), Department of Mining Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anthony S Danko
- Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment (CERENA), Department of Mining Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Fiúza
- Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment (CERENA), Department of Mining Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria-Teresa Borges
- Biology Department, Science Faculty, Porto University (FCUP), Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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20
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Chen J, Ying GG, Wei XD, Liu YS, Liu SS, Hu LX, He LY, Chen ZF, Chen FR, Yang YQ. Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from domestic sewage by constructed wetlands: Effect of flow configuration and plant species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:974-82. [PMID: 27443461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in raw domestic wastewater by various mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) with different flow configurations or plant species including the constructed wetland with or without plant. Six mesocosm-scale CWs with three flow types (surface flow, horizontal subsurface flow and vertical subsurface flow) and two plant species (Thaliadealbata Fraser and Iris tectorum Maxim) were set up in the outdoor. 8 antibiotics including erythromycin-H2O (ETM-H2O), monensin (MON), clarithromycin (CTM), leucomycin (LCM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfapyridine (SPD) and 12 genes including three sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2 and sul3), four tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetM, tetO and tetX), two macrolide resistance genes (ermB and ermC), two chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA and floR) and 16S rRNA (bacteria) were determined in different matrices (water, particle, substrate and plant phases) from the mesocosm-scale systems. The aqueous removal efficiencies of total antibiotics ranged from 75.8 to 98.6%, while those of total ARGs varied between 63.9 and 84.0% by the mesocosm-scale CWs. The presence of plants was beneficial to the removal of pollutants, and the subsurface flow CWs had higher pollutant removal than the surface flow CWs, especially for antibiotics. According to the mass balance analysis, the masses of all detected antibiotics during the operation period were 247,000, 4920-10,600, 0.05-0.41 and 3500-60,000μg in influent, substrate, plant and effluent of the mesocosm-scale CWs. In the CWs, biodegradation, substrate adsorption and plant uptake all played certain roles in reducing the loadings of nutrients, antibiotics and ARGs, but biodegradation was the most important process in the removal of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fan-Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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Li Y, Wu B, Zhu G, Liu Y, Ng WJ, Appan A, Tan SK. High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis of bacteria relevant to cometabolic and metabolic degradation of ibuprofen in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:604-613. [PMID: 27110975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of pharmaceutical residues including ibuprofen on the aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates has attracted growing attention to the pharmaceutical pollution control using constructed wetlands, but there lacks of an insight into the relevant microbial degradation mechanisms. This study investigated the bacteria associated with the cometabolic and metabolic degradation of ibuprofen in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system by high-throughput pyrosequencing analysis. The ibuprofen degradation dynamics, bacterial diversity and evenness, and bacterial community structure in a planted bed with Typha angustifolia and an unplanted bed (control) were compared. The results showed that the plants promoted the microbial degradation of ibuprofen, especially at the downstream zones of wetland. However, at the upstream one-third zone of wetland, the presence of plants did not significantly enhance ibuprofen degradation, probably due to the much greater contribution of cometabolic behaviors of certain non-ibuprofen-degrading microorganisms than that of the plants. By analyzing bacterial characteristics, we found that: (1) The aerobic species of family Flavobacteriaceae, family Methylococcaceae and genus Methylocystis, and the anaerobic species of family Spirochaetaceae and genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto were the most possible bacteria relevant to the cometabolic degradation of ibuprofen; (2) The family Rhodocyclaceae and the genus Ignavibacterium closely related to the plants appeared to be associated with the metabolic degradation of ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Bing Wu
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Guibing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Quality, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, PR China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Adhityan Appan
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; Maritime Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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22
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Zhang D, Luo J, Lee ZMP, Gersberg RM, Liu Y, Tan SK, Ng WJ. Characterization of microbial communities in wetland mesocosms receiving caffeine-enriched wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14526-14539. [PMID: 27068910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing approach was used to characterize the structures of microbial communities in wetland mesocosms receiving caffeine-enriched wastewater at a concentration of 250 μg L(-1). The removal efficiencies of caffeine in the planted beds (93.0 %) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in the unplanted beds (81.4 %). Bacterial diversity was decreased by 25 and 22.4 %, respectively, in both planted and unplanted mesocosms after 210-day operation. The results of taxonomic analyses suggested that chronic exposure of wetland ecosystems to caffeine could lead to moderate shifts in microbial community composition. In total, 2156 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were generated and 20 phyla comprising 260 genera were identified. The major phylogenetic groups at phylum level included Firmicutes (39 %), Actinobacteria (25.1 %), Proteobacteria (17.1 %), Synergistetes (5.6 %), and Chloroflexi (5.5 %). Bacilli and Synergistia increased in abundance in the planted mesocosms, while for the unplanted mesocosms, Actinobacterial, Clostridia and Betaproteobacteria exhibited increased proportion under the exposure of caffeine. At genus level, Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Streptococcus were found to be increased in abundance after caffeine treatment. As for the response of fungal community to caffeine enrichment, genus like Cladosporium, Emericellopsis, Aspergillus, and Phoma were found to be resistant to caffeine disturbance. When compared to the microbial community between planted and unplanted mesocosms, a distinct community profile for both bacteria and fungi community was observed. The presence of plants had a remarkable effect on the structure of microbial community, helping buffer against the stress associated with caffeine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, No. 06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jinxue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People' s Republic of China
- CAS.WEE (Beijing) Eco-Engineering Technology Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Zarraz May Ping Lee
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, No. 06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Richard M Gersberg
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, Hardy Tower 119, 5500 Campanile, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, No. 06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, No. 06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, No. 06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Wu H, Fan J, Zhang J, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liang S, Hu Z, Liu H. Strategies and techniques to enhance constructed wetland performance for sustainable wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14637-14650. [PMID: 26268626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used as an alternative to conventional technologies for wastewater treatment for more than five decades. Recently, the use of various modified CWs to improve treatment performance has also been reported in the literature. However, the available knowledge on various CW technologies considering the intensified and reliable removal of pollutants is still limited. Hence, this paper aims to provide an overview of the current development of CW strategies and techniques for enhanced wastewater treatment. Basic information on configurations and characteristics of different innovations was summarized. Then, overall treatment performance of those systems and their shortcomings were further discussed. Lastly, future perspectives were also identified for specialists to design more effective and sustainable CWs. This information is used to inspire some novel intensifying methodologies, and benefit the successful applications of potential CW technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Zhang DQ, Jinadasa KBSN, Gersberg RM, Liu Y, Tan SK, Ng WJ. Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in tropical and subtropical regions (2000-2013). J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 30:30-46. [PMID: 25872707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option for developing countries. With the goal of promoting sustainable engineered systems that support human well-being but are also compatible with sustaining natural (environmental) systems, the application of CWs has become more relevant. Such application is especially significant for developing countries with tropical climates, which are very conducive to higher biological activity and productivity, resulting in higher treatment efficiencies compared to those in temperate climates. This paper therefore highlights the practice, applications, and research of treatment wetlands under tropical and subtropical conditions since 2000. In the present review, removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solid (TSS) was shown to be very efficient and consistent across all types of treatment wetlands. Hybrid systems appeared more efficient in the removal of total suspended solid (TSS) (91.3%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (84.3%), and nitrogen (i.e., 80.7% for ammonium (NH)4-N, 80.8% for nitrate (NO)3-N, and 75.4% for total nitrogen (TN)) as compared to other wetland systems. Vertical subsurface flow (VSSF) CWs removed TSS (84.9%), BOD (87.6%), and nitrogen (i.e., 66.2% for NH4-N, 73.3% for NO3-N, and 53.3% for TN) more efficiently than horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs, while HSSF CWs (69.8%) showed better total phosphorus (TP) removal compared to VSSF CWs (60.1%). Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) showed comparable removal efficiencies for BOD (70.7%), NH4-N (63.6%), and TP (44.8%) to free water surface (FWS) CW systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, 637141, Singapore.
| | - K B S N Jinadasa
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Richard M Gersberg
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, Hardy Tower 119, 5500 Campanile, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, 637141, Singapore
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, 637141, Singapore
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Wu H, Zhang J, Ngo HH, Guo W, Hu Z, Liang S, Fan J, Liu H. A review on the sustainability of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: Design and operation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:594-601. [PMID: 25453440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used as a green technology to treat various wastewaters for several decades. CWs offer a land-intensive, low-energy, and less-operational-requirements alternative to conventional treatment systems, especially for small communities and remote locations. However, the sustainable operation and successful application of these systems remains a challenge. Hence, this paper aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs' application and the recent development on their sustainable design and operation for wastewater treatment. Firstly, a brief summary on the definition, classification and application of current CWs was presented. The design parameters and operational conditions of CWs including plant species, substrate types, water depth, hydraulic load, hydraulic retention time and feeding mode related to the sustainable operation for wastewater treatments were then discussed. Lastly, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jinlin Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Hai Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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26
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Constructed Wetlands Integrated with Advanced Oxidation Processes in Wastewater Treatment for Reuse. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Performance Analysis of Vertical Up-flow Constructed Wetlands for Secondary Treated Effluent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Fan J, Zhang B, Zhang J, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu F, Guo Y, Wu H. Intermittent aeration strategy to enhance organics and nitrogen removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:117-22. [PMID: 23561957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an intermittent-aerated subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) A was set up to assess its performance in decentralized rural sewage treatment. A conventional SFCW B and a subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS C) were also constructed for comparison. Alternate anaerobic and aerobic conditions were well developed by intermittent aeration. High removal of organic pollutants (29.3 gm(-2) d(-1)), ammonium nitrogen (3.5 gm(-2) d(-1)) and total nitrogen (3.3 gm(-2) d(-1)) were obtained simultaneously in SFCW A compared with SFCW B and SWIS C. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis proved that the intermittent aeration obviously enhanced the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in SFCW A. These results suggest that intermittent aeration strategy is reliable to enhance the performance of SFCWs in decentralized rural sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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29
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Saeed T, Sun G. A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: dependency on environmental parameters, operating conditions and supporting media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 112:429-448. [PMID: 23032989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the unique advantages of lower operational and maintenance cost, the applications of subsurface flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater have been increasing rapidly throughout the world. The removal of nitrogen and organics by such systems has gained substantial attention in recent years. In subsurface flow wetlands, the removal of pollutants often relies on a diverse range of co-existing physical, chemical and biological routes, which are vitally dependent on numerous environmental and operational parameters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of wetland structures, classic and novel nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms along with the key environmental parameters and operational conditions that enhance removal in subsurface flow wetland systems. The critical exploration identifies the major environmental parameters such as: pH, DO, and temperature, operational factors i.e. organic carbon availability, loading, feed mode, retention time, recirculation, harvesting, and the complex role (of both parameters) on classical nitrogen and organics removal pathways. Subsequently, the necessity of further extensive research on such factors, for promoting novel nitrogen removal routes in wetland systems has also been highlighted. The expansion of the review on the influence of the unconventional wetland matrix indicates that, the structural differences and inherent properties of these media can support substantial nitrogen and organics removal from wastewater, under optimal operating conditions. Overall, the critical review illustrates the necessity of a profound knowledge on the complicated inter-relationship between nitrogen and organics removal routes, governing environmental and operational parameters, and wetland matrix for improving the treatment performances of subsurface flow wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Saeed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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