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Hung H, Halsall C, Ball H, Bidleman T, Dachs J, De Silva A, Hermanson M, Kallenborn R, Muir D, Sühring R, Wang X, Wilson S. Climate change influence on the levels and trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in the Arctic physical environment - a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1577-1615. [PMID: 35244108 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change brings about significant changes in the physical environment in the Arctic. Increasing temperatures, sea ice retreat, slumping permafrost, changing sea ice regimes, glacial loss and changes in precipitation patterns can all affect how contaminants distribute within the Arctic environment and subsequently impact the Arctic ecosystems. In this review, we summarized observed evidence of the influence of climate change on contaminant circulation and transport among various Arctic environment media, including air, ice, snow, permafrost, fresh water and the marine environment. We have also drawn on parallel examples observed in Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau, to broaden the discussion on how climate change may influence contaminant fate in similar cold-climate ecosystems. Significant knowledge gaps on indirect effects of climate change on contaminants in the Arctic environment, including those of extreme weather events, increase in forests fires, and enhanced human activities leading to new local contaminant emissions, have been identified. Enhanced mobilization of contaminants to marine and freshwater ecosystems has been observed as a result of climate change, but better linkages need to be made between these observed effects with subsequent exposure and accumulation of contaminants in biota. Emerging issues include those of Arctic contamination by microplastics and higher molecular weight halogenated natural products (hHNPs) and the implications of such contamination in a changing Arctic environment is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5P 1W4, Canada.
| | - Crispin Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hollie Ball
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Terry Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
| | - Amila De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mark Hermanson
- Hermanson & Associates LLC, 2000 W 53rd Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55419, USA
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Department of Arctic Technology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Roxana Sühring
- Department for Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat, The Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Mumford KA, Rayner JL, Snape I, Stevens GW. Hydraulic performance of a permeable reactive barrier at Casey Station, Antarctica. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:223-231. [PMID: 25078614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A permeable bio-reactive barrier (PRB) was installed at Casey Station, Antarctica in 2005/06 to intercept, capture and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from a decade old fuel spill. A funnel and gate configuration was selected and implemented. The reactive gate was split into five separate cells to enable the testing of five different treatment combinations. Although different treatment materials were used in each cell, each treatment combination contained the following reactive zones: a zone for the controlled release of nutrients to enhance degradation, a zone for hydrocarbon capture and enhanced degradation, and a zone to capture excess nutrients. The materials selected for each of these zones had other requirements, these included; not having any adverse impact on the environment, being permeable enough to capture the entire catchment flow, and having sufficient residence time to fully capture migrating hydrocarbons. Over a five year period the performance of the PRB was extensively monitored and evaluated for nutrient concentration, fuel retention and permeability. At the end of the five year test period the material located within the reactive gate was excavated, total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations present on the material determined and particle size analysis conducted. This work found that although maintaining media reactivity is obviously important, the most critical aspect of PRB performance is preserving the permeability of the barrier itself, in this case by maintaining appropriate particle size distribution. This is particularly important when PRBs are installed in regions that are subject to freeze thaw processes that may result in particle disintegration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Mumford
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - J L Rayner
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
| | - I Snape
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 9050, Australia
| | - G W Stevens
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Fu F, Dionysiou DD, Liu H. The use of zero-valent iron for groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 267:194-205. [PMID: 24457611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent industrial and urban activities have led to elevated concentrations of a wide range of contaminants in groundwater and wastewater, which affect the health of millions of people worldwide. In recent years, the use of zero-valent iron (ZVI) for the treatment of toxic contaminants in groundwater and wastewater has received wide attention and encouraging treatment efficiencies have been documented. This paper gives an overview of the recent advances of ZVI and progress obtained during the groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment utilizing ZVI (including nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)) for the removal of: (a) chlorinated organic compounds, (b) nitroaromatic compounds, (c) arsenic, (d) heavy metals, (e) nitrate, (f) dyes, and (g) phenol. Reaction mechanisms and removal efficiencies were studied and evaluated. It was found that ZVI materials with wide availability have appreciable removal efficiency for several types of contaminants. Concerning ZVI for future research, some suggestions are proposed and conclusions have been drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, PR China
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Lehtinen T, Mikkonen A, Sigfusson B, Ólafsdóttir K, Ragnarsdóttir KV, Guicharnaud R. Bioremediation trial on aged PCB-polluted soils--a bench study in Iceland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1759-1768. [PMID: 23979849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pose a threat to the environment due to their high adsorption capacity to soil organic matter, stability and low reactivity, low water solubility, toxicity and ability to bioaccumulate. With Icelandic soils, research on contamination issues has been very limited and no data has been reported either on PCB degradation potential or rate. The goals of this research were to assess the bioavailability of aged PCBs in the soils of the old North Atlantic Treaty Organization facility in Keflavík, Iceland and to find the best biostimulation method to decrease the pollution. The effectiveness of different biostimulation additives (N fertiliser, white clover and pine needles) at different temperatures (10 and 30 °C) and oxygen levels (aerobic and anaerobic) were tested. PCB bioavailability to soil fauna was assessed with earthworms (Eisenia foetida). PCBs were bioavailable to earthworms (bioaccumulation factor 0.89 and 0.82 for earthworms in 12.5 ppm PCB soil and in 25 ppm PCB soil, respectively), with less chlorinated congeners showing higher bioaccumulation factors than highly chlorinated congeners. Biostimulation with pine needles at 10 °C under aerobic conditions resulted in nearly 38 % degradation of total PCBs after 2 months of incubation. Detection of the aerobic PCB degrading bphA gene supports the indigenous capability of the soils to aerobically degrade PCBs. Further research on field scale biostimulation trials with pine needles in cold environments is recommended in order to optimise the method for onsite remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Lehtinen
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, 311, Borgarnes, Iceland.
| | - Anu Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kristín Ólafsdóttir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Rannveig Guicharnaud
- Department of Land Resources, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, 311, Borgarnes, Iceland
- Land Resource Management Unit, Soil Action, Institute for Environment & Sustainability (IES), European Commission-DG JRC, Via E. Fermi, 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
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Bortone I, Di Nardo A, Di Natale M, Erto A, Musmarra D, Santonastaso GF. Remediation of an aquifer polluted with dissolved tetrachloroethylene by an array of wells filled with activated carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:914-20. [PMID: 23876256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an array of deep passive wells filled with activated carbon, namely a Discontinuous Permeable Adsorptive Barrier (PAB-D), has been proposed for the remediation of an aquifer contaminated by tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The dynamics of the aquifer in the particular PAB-D configuration chosen, including the contaminant transport in the aquifer and the adsorption onto the barrier material, has been accurately performed by means of a computer code which allows describing all the phenomena occurring in the aquifer, simultaneously. A PAB-D design procedure is presented and the main dimensions of the barrier (number and position of passive wells) have been evaluated. Numerical simulations have been carried out over a long time span to follow the contaminant plume and to assess the effectiveness of the remediation method proposed. The model results show that this PAB-D design allows for a complete remediation of the aquifer under a natural hydraulic gradient, the PCE concentrations flowing out of the barrier being always lower than the corresponding Italian regulation limit. Finally, the results have been compared with those obtained for the design of a more traditional continuous barrier (PAB-C) for the same remediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bortone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Seconda Università di Napoli, via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
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