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Soo PL, Bashir MJK, Wong LP. Recent advancements in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using anaerobic biofilm reactors: Challenges and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115750. [PMID: 35933874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil is the most utilized vegetable globally which is mostly produced in countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The great amount of POME generation from palm oil mills is now a threat to the environment and require a suitable treatment of POME to reduce the organic strength in accordance with the standard discharge limit before releasing to the environment. Currently, the technology to combine the anaerobic process and biofilm system in bioreactors have produced a fresh idea in treatments of high strength wastewater like POME. Anaerobic biofilm reactor is a convincing method for POME treatment due to its significant advantages over the conventional biological treatments consisting of anaerobic, aerobic and facultative pond systems. Overall, integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB) can remove more than 99% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) with the combination of anaerobic and aerobic digestion for POME treatment. It has better performance as compared to up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and up-flow anaerobic filter (UAF) with 80% and 88-94% COD removal efficiency respectively. Anaerobic pond was found to perform well also by removing 97.8% of COD in POME but require long retention time and larger land. Hence, this study aims to provide intensive review of the performance of the anaerobic biofilm reactor in treating POME and the recent advancements in this technology. The limitations and future perspectives in utilization of anaerobic biofilm reactor during its operation in treating POME are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ling Soo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed J K Bashir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Lai-Peng Wong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
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Maal-Bared R, Li R, Suarez A. Evaluating the impacts of leachate co-treatment on a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant in Canada. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:19-29. [PMID: 34847466 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of leachate co-treatment on a full-scale municipal WWTPby comparing plant performance at varying levels of leachate contributions and hydraulic loadings.Leachate BOD:COD ratio was 0.08 ± 0.07 and indicated a stabilized, old matrix and concentrations of zinc, iron, aluminum, chloride and sulfate were 0.174, 38, 1.47, 1803 and 119.1 mg/L, respectively. The average volumetric leachate ratio (VLR%) was approximately 0.01% corresponding to a daily volume of 30 m3 but reaching a maximum of 270 m3(VLR% = 0.1%) and fluctuating on a daily-basis. A cluster analysis revealed 5 VLR% groupings that were used for subsequent analyses:no leachate, 0 < Low ≤ 0.001, 0.001 < Medium ≤ 0.02, 0.02 < High ≤ 0.05, 0.05 < Very high ≤ 0.2. Treated effluent concentrations of TKN, ammonia, fecal coliforms (FC),E. coli(EC), TSS and TP experienced atrend where effluent quality was improved at low and medium VLR%compared to no leachate addition, but deteriorated in high and very high VLR%.Treated effluent UVT% and EC were not statistically significantly different at varying VLR%, but FC was.Plant hydraulic had a significant impact on removal rates.Ammonia removals and nitrite concentrations improved inhigh flow conditions, whileTP, BOD and cBODremovals deteriorated. Finally,VLR%, leachate COD, TKN ammonia, chloride and arsenic had significant relationships with plant performance. Thus,for leachate with comparable age and strength, VLR% should not exceedlow to medium contributions(0 and 0.02%)during co-treatment at this WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Maal-Bared
- Wastewater Treatment Specialist, Scientific Services, EPCOR Water, Canada.
| | - Rui Li
- Operations Engineer, Regina Wastewater Treatment Plant, EPCOR Water Prairies, Treatment Plant, 100 Fleming Road, Regina, SK S4M 0A1, Canada.
| | - Alfredo Suarez
- Senior Manager Operations, Gold Bar Wastewater Treatment Plant, EPCOR Tower, 2000 10423 101 Street, Edmonton, AB T5H 0E8, Canada.
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Sales Junior SF, Costa Amaral IC, Mannarino CF, Hauser-Davis RA, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. Long-term landfill leachate exposure modulates antioxidant responses and causes cyto-genotoxic effects in Eisenia andrei earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117351. [PMID: 34000669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 0.4% of the total leachate produced in a landfill is destined for treatment plants, while the rest can reach the soil and groundwater. In this context, this study aimed to perform leachate toxicity evaluations through immune system cytotoxic assessments, genotoxic (comet assay) appraisals and antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT, glutathione-S-transferase - GST; reduced glutathione - GSH and metallothionein - MT) evaluations in Eisenia andrei earthworms exposed to a Brazilian leachate for 77 days. The leachate sample contained high organic matter (COD - 10,630 mg L-1) and ammoniacal nitrogen (2398 mg L-1), as well as several metals, including Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni and Zn. Leachate exposure resulted in SOD activity alterations and increased CAT activity and MT levels. Decreased GST activity and GSH levels were also observed. Antioxidant system alterations due to leachate exposure led to increased malondialdehyde levels as a result of lipid peroxidation after the 77 day-exposure. An inflammatory process was also observed in exposed earthworms, evidenced by increased amoebocyte density, and DNA damage was also noted. This study demonstrates for the first time that sublethal effect assessments in leachate-exposed earthworms comprise an important tool for solid waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Campos Costa Amaral
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- UNIRIO,Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-20, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Ibrar I, Yadav S, Altaee A, Samal AK, Zhou JL, Nguyen TV, Ganbat N. Treatment of biologically treated landfill leachate with forward osmosis: Investigating membrane performance and cleaning protocols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140901. [PMID: 32711320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents systematic investigations to evaluate the performance, rejection rate, fouling, cleaning protocols and impact of physical and chemical cleaning strategies on the performance of commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane. The treatment of landfill leachate (LFL) solution was performed in the active layer facing feed solution and support layer facing the draw solution (AL-FS mode), and active layer facing the draw solution and support layer facing the feed solution (AL-DS mode). Compared to the AL-FS mode, a higher flux for AL-DS mode was achieved, but membrane fouling was more severe in the latter. In both membrane orientations, the rejection rate of the FO membrane to heavy ions and contaminants in the wastewater was between 93 and 99%. Physical and chemical cleaning strategies were investigated to recover the performance of the FO membrane and to study the impact of cleaning methods on the membrane rejection rate. Physical cleaning with hot water at 35 °C and osmotic backwashing with 1.5 M NaCl demonstrated excellent water flux recovery compared to chemical cleaning. In the chemical cleaning, an optimal concentration of 3% hydrogen peroxide was determined for 100% flux recovery of the fouled membrane. However, slight membrane damage was achieved at this concentration on the active layer side. Alkaline cleaning at pH 11 was more effective than acid cleaning at pH 4, although both protocols compromised the membrane rejection rate for some toxic ions. A comparison of the membrane long-term performance found that cleaning with osmotic backwashing and hot water were effective methods to restore water flux without comprising the membrane rejection rate. Overall, it was found that physical cleaning protocols are superior to chemical cleaning protocols for forward osmosis membrane fouled by landfill leachate wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Ibrar
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Akshaya K Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Science (CNMS), Jain University, India
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Tien Vinh Nguyen
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Makhatova A, Mazhit B, Sarbassov Y, Meiramkulova K, Inglezakis VJ, Poulopoulos SG. Effective photochemical treatment of a municipal solid waste landfill leachate. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239433. [PMID: 32960913 PMCID: PMC7508382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at studying the photochemical treatment of a landfill leachate using ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous or ferric ions, in a batch recycle photoreactor. The effect of inorganic carbon presence, pH, initial H2O2 amount (0-9990 mg L-1) as well as Fe(II) (200-600 ppm) and Fe(III) (300-700 ppm) concentrations on the total carbon removal and color change was studied. Prior to the photochemical treatment, a pretreatment process was applied; inorganic nitrogen and inorganic carbon were removed by means of air stripping and initial pH regulation, respectively. The leachate sent subsequently for photochemical treatment was free of inorganic carbon and contained only organic carbon with concentration 1200±100 mg L-1 at pH 5.1-5.3. The most favorable concentrations of H2O2 and ferric ions for carbon removal were 6660 mg L-1 and 400 ppm, respectively. Adjusting the initial pH value in the range of 2.2-5.3 had a significant effect on the organic carbon removal. The photo-Fenton-like process was more advantageous than the photo-Fenton one for leachate treatment. By applying the most favorable operating conditions, 88.7% removal of total organic carbon, 100% removal of total inorganic carbon, 96.5% removal of total nitrogen, and 98.2% color removal were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardak Makhatova
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Birzhan Mazhit
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerbol Sarbassov
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Kulyash Meiramkulova
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Vassilis J. Inglezakis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stavros G. Poulopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Corsino SF, Capodici M, Di Trapani D, Torregrossa M, Viviani G. Assessment of landfill leachate biodegradability and treatability by means of allochthonous and autochthonous biomasses. N Biotechnol 2020; 55:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Luo H, Zeng Y, Cheng Y, He D, Pan X. Recent advances in municipal landfill leachate: A review focusing on its characteristics, treatment, and toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135468. [PMID: 31753496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, sanitary landfilling is the most common approach to eliminate municipal solid waste, but a major drawback is the generation of heavily polluted leachates. These leachates must be appropriately treated before being discharged into the environment. Generally, the leachate characteristics such as COD, BOD/COD ratio, and landfill age are necessary determinants for selection of suitable treatment technologies. Rapid, sensitive and cost-effective bioassays are required to evaluate the toxicity of leachate before and after the treatment. This review summarizes extensive studies on leachate treatment methods and leachate toxicity assessment. It is found that individual biological or physical-chemical treatment is unable to meet strict effluent guidelines, whereas a combination of biological and physical-chemical treatments can achieve satisfactory removal efficiencies of both COD and ammonia nitrogen. In order to assess the toxic effects of leachate on different trophic organisms, we need to develop an appropriate matrix of bioassays based on their sensitivity to various toxicants and a multispecies approach using organisms representing different trophic levels. In this regard, a reduction in toxicity of the treated leachate will contribute to assessing the effectiveness of a specific remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yifeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Achievement of partial nitrification under different carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and ammonia loading rate for the co-treatment of landfill leachate with municipal wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Liu H, Zhou X, Zhang C, Zhang J. The cotreatment of landfill leachate and high-nitrate wastewater using SBRs: evaluation of denitrification performance and microbial analysis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39572-39581. [PMID: 35541387 PMCID: PMC9076115 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resourceful disposal of landfill leachate has always been an intractable worldwide problem. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of biologically treating a combined waste stream of landfill leachate and high-concentration nitrate nitrogen (high-nitrate) wastewater. Raw landfill leachate was pretreated using anaerobic fermentation and ammonia stripping to improve biodegradability. The control sequencing batch reactor (SBR, named R0) was fed only with synthetic high-nitrate wastewater with sodium acetate as the carbon source, whereas the other experimental SBR (named R1) was loaded with mixtures containing leachates. Excessive increase in leachate adversely affected the cotreatment, and it was concluded that the landfill leachate volume ratio should never exceed 7.5% of the total wastewater (14% of the initial COD) based on further batch experiments. The maximum specific denitrification rate of 58.05 mg NO3−-N (gVSS h)−1 was attained in R1, while that of 32.32 mg NO3−-N (gVSS h)−1 was obtained in R0. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that adding landfill leachate did not change the fact that Pseudomonas, Thauera, and Pannonibacter dominant in the sodium acetate supported the denitrification systems, but led to the adjustment of their relative abundance. Moreover, the narG, nirK, nirS, and norB denitrifying genes exhibited increased abundance by 138–980% in the cotreated system, which was confirmed by q-PCR analyses. These findings reveal that the denitrification efficiency of activated sludge in SBR cotreated with landfill leachate and high-nitrate wastewater significantly improved, and this may contribute toward the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of biological denitrification under the blending treatment of leachate and high-nitrate wastewater. Resourceful disposal of landfill leachate has always been an intractable worldwide problem.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Shenzhen Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Engineering Laboratory
- Shenzhen Water (Group) Co. Ltd
- China
- School of Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Chaoshen Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Shenzhen Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Engineering Laboratory
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López A, Calero T, Lobo A. Mathematical simulation to improve municipal solid waste leachate management: a closed landfill case. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28169-28184. [PMID: 30073593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an example of the application of simulation tools to estimate the post-closure evolution of leachate in a non-hazardous waste landfill. The objective of this work is to predict the behavior of leachate after the closure of the landfill for use as basic information with which to design the leachate management strategy in the following years. The MODUELO 4.0 mathematical landfill simulation software package was used for this purpose. The results of the simulation show that the concentrations in the leachate increase during the post-closure period, from values close to 2200 mg/L of COD and 1500 mg/L of NH4+ at the time of landfill closure to 3200 mg/L of COD and 5300 mg/L of NH4+ 20 years later. This increase is mainly due to the reduction in the flows, from 105 to 17 m3/day on average, since the surface lining was installed. Consequently, pollutant fluxes decrease to values below 100 kg/day in both COD and NH4+ 3 months after closure. This evolution indicates that the management of this leachate will be simpler in the future, especially if it is co-treated with urban wastewater, as its contribution decreases. On the other hand, external water connections to the leachate collectors may cause a relevant increase in the volume of the global landfill effluent. Controlling runoff management and underground infiltrations could lead to important savings in leachate treatment during the aftercare phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López
- Department of Water and Environment Sciences and Techniques, Environmental Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, Avda. De los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Calero
- Department of Water and Environment Sciences and Techniques, Environmental Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, Avda. De los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Amaya Lobo
- Department of Water and Environment Sciences and Techniques, Environmental Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, Avda. De los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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David PCL, Camilo LAJ, Farid REJ, Felipe MMJ, Stephanie PC, Julio RR, Janeth MCF, Carlos SRJ, Ana DAL, Santiago LPH, Marina PRA. Effect of Domestic Wastewater as Co-Substrate on Biological Stain Wastewater Treatment Using Fungal/Bacterial Consortia in Pilot Plant and Greenhouse Reuse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2018.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Remmas N, Melidis P, Paschos G, Statiris E, Ntougias S. Protozoan indicators and extracellular polymeric substances alterations in an intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor treating mature landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:53-64. [PMID: 27194208 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1190792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor was operated under intermittent aeration and various organic loading rates (OLR: 0.070, 0.159 and 0.291 g COD L-1 d-1) to remove carbon and nitrogen from mature landfill leachate, where external carbon source (glycerol) addition resulted in effective nitrate removal. A relative increase in soluble microbial product (SMP) over extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was observed at the highest OLR and glycerol addition, whereas no membrane biofouling occurred. SMP (proteins and carbohydrates) and carbohydrate EPS correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with suspended solids and transmembrane pressure (TMP). Moreover, proteinous SMP significantly correlated with carbon and nitrogen load. Principal component analysis also revealed the influence of leachate organic and nitrogen content on biomass production, TMP and sessile ciliate densities. Although filamentous index (FI) was sustained at high levels (3-4), with Haliscomenobacter hydrossis being the main filamentous bacterium identified, no bulking phenomena occurred. High glycerol addition resulted in a rapid increase in sessile ciliate population. Increased Epistylis and Vorticella microstoma population was detected by microscopic examination during high glycerol addition, while a remarkable Rhogostoma population (supergroup Rhizaria) was identified by molecular techniques. The contribution of Rhizaria in nitrogen processes may lead to the dominance of Rhogostoma during landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Remmas
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
| | - Georgios Paschos
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
| | - Evangelos Statiris
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- a Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering , Democritus University of Thrace , Xanthi , Greece
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Pereira SFL, Gonçalves AL, Moreira FC, Silva TFCV, Vilar VJP, Pires JCM. Nitrogen Removal from Landfill Leachate by Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1926. [PMID: 27869676 PMCID: PMC5133922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Landfill leachates result from the degradation of solid residues in sanitary landfills, thus presenting a high variability in terms of composition. Normally, these effluents are characterized by high ammoniacal-nitrogen (N-NH₄⁺) concentrations, high chemical oxygen demands and low phosphorus concentrations. The development of effective treatment strategies becomes difficult, posing a serious problem to the environment. Phycoremediation appears to be a suitable alternative for the treatment of landfill leachates. In this study, the potential of Chlorella vulgaris for biomass production and nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) removal from different compositions of a landfill leachate was evaluated. Since microalgae also require phosphorus for their growth, different loads of this nutrient were evaluated, giving the following N:P ratios: 12:1, 23:1 and 35:1. The results have shown that C. vulgaris was able to grow in the different leachate compositions assessed. However, microalgal growth was higher in the cultures presenting the lowest N-NH₄⁺ concentration. In terms of nutrients uptake, an effective removal of N-NH₄⁺ and phosphorus was observed in all the experiments, especially in those supplied with phosphorus. Nevertheless, N-NO₃- removal was considered almost negligible. These promising results constitute important findings in the development of a bioremediation technology for the treatment of landfill leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio F L Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente e Energia (LEPABE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente e Energia (LEPABE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca C Moreira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tânia F C V Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José C M Pires
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente e Energia (LEPABE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Zhang J, Lan S, Niu D, Zhao Y. Decomposition characteristics of humic-like matters with the hollow ellipsoid structure sludge inoculated from decayed soil in mature landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:672-680. [PMID: 26439631 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1077273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The organics in mature leachate are mainly humic-like matters, which account for over 80% weight of the total organics. In this work, the microorganisms in decayed soil were found to be capable of decomposing the humic-like matters evidently using an anaerobic-aerobic/anoxic bioprocess in two sequencing bio-reactors. The 3D excitation-emission matrix and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were applied to characterize the variation of dissolved organic matters in mature leachate while sludge morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The intensities of fluorescence peaks A and C of leachate effluents were 71.66% and 48.75% lower than those of influents, respectively, which indicated the extraordinary degradation ability of microorganisms inoculated from the decayed soil. Meanwhile a kind of distinctive hollow ellipsoid structure sludge organized by tiny soil particles was observed, which might favour the humic-like matters' decomposition and has never been reported before as we know. The formation mechanisms of hollow ellipsoid structure sludge will need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- a The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Sijie Lan
- a The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Dongjie Niu
- a The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- a The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
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15
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Zhang Y, Ji G, Wang R. Genetic associations as indices of nitrogen cycling rates in an aerobic denitrification biofilter used for groundwater remediation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 194:49-56. [PMID: 26185925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic denitrification biofilter (ADB) for groundwater remediation was developed with high removal efficiencies (total nitrogen (TN): 82.3-95.8%; NO3(-)-N: 93.2-98.2%). Nitrate (NO3(-)-N) transformation rates stabilized between 21.0 and 23.4 g/(m(3) h), whereas nitrite (NO2(-)-N) and ammonium (NH4(+)-N) transformation rates remained less than 6.0 g/(m(3) h) as the dissolved oxygen (DO) level increased from 1.0 mg/L to 6.0 mg/L. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) accumulated with great fluctuations (NO: 0-1.6×10(-3) g/(m(3) h); N2O: 0.1-1.1g/(m(3)h)) throughout the experiment. This study suggested that gene associations reflect quantitative relationships with aerobic denitrification rates and can provide useful information regarding aerobic denitrification processes in groundwater. Especially, the qnorB/nosZ ratio acts as the main driver for NO3(-)-N and NH4(+)-N transformation, while the qnorB/nosZ ratio followed by the (nirS+nirK)/nosZ ratio serve a dominant role in the accumulation of N2O and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Rongjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Perspective of harnessing energy from landfill leachate via microbial fuel cells: novel biofuels and electrogenic physiologies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7827-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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