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Han C, Chen L, Jia Z, Zou H, Ma L, Zhang C, Zhou G, Ma D, Zhang J. Organic amendments enhance rhizosphere carbon stabilization in macroaggregates of saline-sodic soils by regulating keystone microbial clusters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025; 380:125086. [PMID: 40138933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon plays a pivotal role in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural soils. However, how organic amendments regulate photosynthetic carbon accumulation through multitrophic microbes at the aggregate scale, especially the core microbiota, remains unclear. Here, we conducted a13CO2-labeled rhizo-box experiment on a saline-sodic soil with five treatments: no fertilizer (Ctrl), chemical fertilizer, pig manure (PM), milk vetch straw (MV), and vermicompost. The 13C-SOC in the MV and PM treatments was 2.4 and 1.4 times greater than that in the Ctrl, respectively. Compared with the Ctrl, organic amendments significantly increased 13C-macroaggregate-associated OC (13C-Macro-OC) by 122.4-615.8 % and 13C-mineral-associated OC (13C-MAOC) by 123.6-564.5 % in macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm). The 13C-Macro-OC was significantly positively correlated with biodiversity, the relative abundances of bacteria (mainly Acidobacteriota and Firmicutes) and fungi (mainly Ascomycota and Mucoromycota) in the keystone microbial cluster, network complexity, and the proportion of negative cross-trophic associations. Structural equation modeling revealed that the root trait-induced core microbiota, following organic amendments, affected photosynthetic carbon accumulation via 13C-MAOC in macroaggregates. In summary, our findings highlight the positive effects of milk vetch straw on SOC accumulation and provide a theoretical basis for the targeted regulation of SOC accumulation in saline-sodic soils through organic amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changdong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China; College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Zhongjun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Hongtao Zou
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China; College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Congzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Guixiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Donghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 211135, China.
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2
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Liu M, Feng Y, Wang M, Sun X, Qi CY, Yang X, Zhang D. Sedum alfredii Hance: A cadmium and zinc hyperaccumulating plant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 290:117588. [PMID: 39721422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
The hyperaccumulating ecotype Sedum alfredii Hance is one of few Cd hyperaccumulators with Cd contents in leaves and stems up to 9000 mg/kg (dry weight, DW) and 6500 mg/kg (DW) respectively without displaying significant toxicity symptoms as reported in 2004. Numerous studies have been conducted to uncover the mystery of its hypertolerance and hyperaccumulation using high-throughput sequencing, biochemical and molecular techniques, mainly pointing to the root-microorganism interaction, restrained Cd storage in roots, efficient root-shoot translocation, effective cellular detoxification, and phloem-mediated metal remobilization. This also encourages studies on functional genes involved in metal transport, antioxidant, transcription regulation and stress response, providing candidates for genetic modification. Moreover, researchers have focused on the practical application and optimal managements in phytoremediation. Sedum alfredii Hance is of scientific significance as a model plant elucidating hypertolerance and hyperaccumulation traits or decontaminating heavy metals. More efforts are required to deepen the knowledge of Sedum alfredii Hance and provide theoretical guidance for practical phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Ying Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Xinglin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Chen Yinfei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, PR China.
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3
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Cao X, Dong Q, Mao L, Yang X, Wang X, Zou Q. Enhanced Phytoextraction Technologies for the Sustainable Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil Based on Hyperaccumulators-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:115. [PMID: 39795375 PMCID: PMC11723276 DOI: 10.3390/plants14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2024] [Revised: 12/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil is a significant challenge around the world, particularly cadmium (Cd) contamination. In situ phytoextraction and remediation technology, particularly focusing on Cd hyperaccumulator plants, has proven to be an effective method for cleaning Cd-contaminated agricultural lands. However, this strategy is often hindered by a long remediation cycle and low efficiency. To address these limitations, assisted phytoextraction has been proposed as a remediation strategy based on the modification of certain traits of plants or the use of different materials to enhance plant growth and increase metal absorption or bioavailability, ultimately aiming to improve the remediation efficiency of Cd hyperaccumulators. To thoroughly understand the progress of Cd hyperaccumulators in remediating Cd-polluted soils, this review article discusses the germplasm resources and assisted phytoextraction strategies for these plants, including microbial, agronomic measure, chelate, nanotechnology, and CO2-assisted phytoextraction, as well as integrated approaches. This review paper critically evaluates and analyzes the numerous approaches and the remediation potential of Cd hyperaccumulators and highlights current challenges and future research directions in this field. The goal is to provide a theoretical framework for the further development and application of Cd pollution remediation technologies in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Cao
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou 311251, China; (X.C.)
| | - Qing Dong
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou 311251, China; (X.C.)
| | - Lihui Mao
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou 311251, China; (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingcheng Zou
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou 311251, China; (X.C.)
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4
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Wang L, Wang S, Su H, Cai H, Song Y, Gong X, Sun Z, Qu J, Zhang Y. Multi-omics profiling reveals elevated CO 2-enhanced tolerance of Trifolium repens L. to lead stress through environment-plant-microbiome interactions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 194:109150. [PMID: 39556957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
The increasing atmospheric CO2 resulting from human activities over the past two centuries, which is projected to persist, has significant implications for plant physiology. However, our predictive understanding of how elevated CO2 (eCO2) modifies plant tolerance to metal stress remains limited. In this study, we collected roots and rhizosphere soils from Trifolium repens L. subjected to lead (Pb) stress under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions, generating transcriptomic data for roots, microbiota data for rhizospheres, and conducting comprehensive multi-omics analyses. Our findings show that eCO2 reduced the accumulation of Pb-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted plant growth by 72% to 402%, as well as increases shoot Pb uptake by 79% compared to ambient CO2. Additionally, eCO2 triggers specific defense response in T. repens, elevating the threshold for stress response. We observed a adaptive reconfiguration of transcriptional network that enhances energy efficiency and optimizes photosynthetic product utilization. Notably, eCO2 induces salicylic acid biosynthesis and activates defense pathways related to redox balance and ROS scavenging processes, thereby enhancing abiotic stress resistance. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, our comprehensive investigation reveals a holistic regulatory network encompassing plant traits, gene expression patterns, and bacterial structure potentially linked to metal accumulation as well as tradeoffs between growth and defense in plants under elevated CO2. These insights shed light on the plant stress responses under elevated CO2 and while contributing to a broader comprehension of plant-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Sui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haifeng Su
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongguang Cai
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yankun Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiang Gong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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5
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Sanjana S, Jazeel K, Janeeshma E, Nair SG, Shackira AM. Synergistic interactions of assorted ameliorating agents to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:13. [PMID: 38363436 PMCID: PMC10873264 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Pollution by toxic heavy metals creates a significant impact on the biotic community of the ecosystem. Nowadays, a solution to this problem is an eco-friendly approach like phytoremediation, in which plants are used to ameliorate heavy metals. In addition, various amendments are used to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation. Symbiotic microorganisms such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), endophytes, mycorrhiza and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a significant role in the improvement of heavy metal phytoremediation potential along with promoting the growth of plants that are grown in contaminated environments. Various chemical chelators (Indole 3-acetic acid, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid, ethylenediamine-N, N-disuccinic acid and nitrilotri-acetic acid) and their combined action with other agents also contribute to heavy metal phytoremediation enhancement. With modern techniques, transgenic plants and microorganisms are developed to open up an alternative strategy for phytoremediation. Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are widely used novel approaches to develop competent phytoremediators. This review accounts for the synergistic interactions of the ameliorating agent's role in enhancing heavy metal phytoremediation, intending to highlight the importance of these various approaches in reducing heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanjana
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - K Jazeel
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - E Janeeshma
- Department of Botany, MES KEVEEYAM College, Valanchery, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sarath G Nair
- Department of Botany, Mar Athanasius College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India.
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6
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Narayanan M, Ma Y. Mitigation of heavy metal stress in the soil through optimized interaction between plants and microbes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118732. [PMID: 37536126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural as well as industrial processes, such as mining and textile activities, are just a few examples of anthropogenic activities that have a long-term negative impact on the environment. Each of the aforementioned factors increases the concentration of heavy metals in soil. Heavy metal contamination in soil causes a wide range of environmental issues and is harmful to microbes, plants, and animals. Because of their non-biodegradability and toxic effects, preventing additional metal contamination and remediating the vast majority of contaminated sites around the world is critical. Hence, this review focuses on the effects of metal contamination on soil microbes, as well as plant-microbe interactions. Plant-associated probiotics reduce metal accumulation; the introduction of beneficial microbes is regarded as one of the most promising approaches to improving metal stress tolerance; thus, the study focuses on plant-microbe interactions as well as their actual implications via phytoremediation. Plant-microbe interaction can play an important role in acclimating vegetation (plants) to metalliferous conditions and should thus be studied to improve microbe-aided metal tolerance in plants. Plant-interacted microbes reduce metal accumulation in plant cells and metal bioaccumulation in the soil through a variety of processes. A novel phytobacterial approach, such as genetically modified microbes, is now being used to improve heavy metal cleanup as well as stress tolerance among plants. This review examines our current understanding of such negative consequences of heavy metal stresses, signaling responses, and the role of plant-associated microbiota in heavy metal stress tolerance and interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Zhao X, Omidvar N, Liu M, Zou D, Zhang M. Insight into functional mechanisms of percarbamide and nitrification inhibitors in degrading fungicide residues and shaping microbial communities in soil-plant systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118687. [PMID: 37517094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are essential to maintain plant yield in current intensive agriculture. Percarbamide is a novel type of N fertilizer with strong oxidizing property, and the nitrification inhibitor is widely used in agricultural production. It may be feasible to apply percarbamide and nitrification inhibitor as N management to promote fungicide dissipations in soil-plant system. This study quantified the effects of percarbamide and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on carbendazim residues, and microbial communities of soil-plant systems, and relationships among carbendazim residues, soil and endophytic microbial communities and plant yields were also comprehensively quantified. Compared with the control, the percarbamide significantly reduced soil carbendazim residues by 29.4% but enhanced the lettuce yield by 28.0%. Soil carbendazim residues were significantly and negatively correlated with the soil total N and NO3--N contents. Soil microbial community structures and co-occurrence networks were more sensitive to N management than their endophytic counterparts. In comparison to the percarbamide alone, the DCD significantly increased the nodes of soil fungal community co-occurrence network which were positively correlated with the plant yield. The DCD outweighed DMPP in increasing the lettuce yield and soil fungal community stability and reshaping soil bacterial community structure. Our study suggested that soil microbial communities were more sensitive to percarbamide and nitrification inhibitor applications than their endophytic counterparts under fungicide pressure and that the DCD outweighed DMPP in reshaping microbial communities. The integrated applications of percarbamide and nitrification inhibitors were promising soil N management strategies to promote fungicide removal and stimulate microbial community in the soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xinlin Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Negar Omidvar
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Mengting Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Manyun Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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8
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Li B, Wu B, Dong Y, Lin H, Liu C. Endophyte inoculation enhanced microbial metabolic function in the rhizosphere benefiting cadmium phytoremediation by Phytolaccaacinosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139421. [PMID: 37429380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolic activities in rhizosphere soil play a critical role in plant nutrient utilization and metal availability. However, its specific characteristics and influence on endophyte assisted phytoremediation remains unclear. In this study, an endophyte strain Bacillus paramycoides (B. paramycoides) was inoculated in the rhizosphere of Phytolacca acinosa (P. acinosa), and microbial metabolic characteristics of rhizosphere soils were analyzed using Biolog system to investigate how they influence phytoremediation performance of different types of cadmium contaminated soil. The results indicated that endophyte B. paramycoides inoculation enhanced bioavailable Cd percentage by 9-32%, resulting in the increased Cd uptake (32-40%) by P. acinosa. With endophyte inoculation, the utilization of carbon sources was significantly promoted by 4-43% and the microbial metabolic functional diversity increased by 0.4-36.8%. Especially, B. paramycoides enhanced the utilization of recalcitrant substrates carboxyl acids, phenolic compounds and polymers by 48.3-225.6%, 42.4-65.8% and 15.6-25.1%, respectively. Further, the microbial metabolic activities were significant correlated with rhizosphere soil microecology properties and impact phytoremediation performance. This study provided new insight into the microbial processes during endophyte assisted phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chenjing Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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Zeng X, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Zeng C, Deng X, Yuan H, Gong X, Zou D, Zeng Q. Field-scale differences in rhizosphere micro-characteristics of Cichorium intybus, Ixeris polycephala, sunflower, and Sedum alfredii in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115137. [PMID: 37320919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the intricate interplay between Cd accumulation in plants and their rhizosphere micro-characteristics is important for the selection of plant species with profitable Cd phytoextraction and soil remediation efficiencies. This study investigated the differences in rhizosphere micro-ecological characteristics and Cd accumulation in chicory, Ixeris polycephala, sunflower, and Sedum alfredii in low-moderate Cd-contaminated soil. Data reveal that the dominant organic acids in rhizosphere soil that responded to Cd were oxalic and lactic acids in chicory and Ixeris polycephala, tartaric acid in sunflower, and succinic acid in Sedum alfredii. These unique organic acids could also influence the abundance of specific rhizobacterial communities in rhizosphere soil that were Sphingomonadaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae in both Sedum alfredii (9.75 % and 2.56 %, respectively) and chicory (8.98 % and 2.82 %, respectively) rhizosphere soil, Xanthomonadaceae in both Sedum alfredii and Ixeris polycephala rhizosphere soil, and Gaiellaceae in chicory rhizosphere soil. In this case, the combined effects of the organic acids and unique rhizobacterial communities by plant species increased the bioavailable concentration of Cd in Sedum alfredii, Ixeris polycephala, and sunflower rhizosphere soil, while decreasing the Cd-DOM concentrations in chicory rhizosphere soil and the water-extractable Cd reduced by 88.02 % compared to the control. Though the capacity for Cd accumulation in the shoots of chicory was weaker than of Sedum alfredii but better than either Ixeris polycephala or sunflower, chicory presented better Cd translocation and harbored Cd mainly as the low toxic chemical form of pectates and proteins-bound Cd and Cd oxalate in its shoot. Generally, chicory, as an economic plant, is suitable for phytoremediation of low-moderate Cd-contaminated soil after Sedum alfredii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China; School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Qiuguo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Chunyang Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xiao Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Haiwei Yuan
- Hunan Huanbaoqiao Ecology and Environment Engineering Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Gong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
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10
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Shree B, Jayakrishnan U, Bhushan S. Impact of key parameters involved with plant-microbe interaction in context to global climate change. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008451. [PMID: 36246210 PMCID: PMC9561941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have a critical influence on climate change that directly or indirectly impacts plant and microbial diversity on our planet. Due to climate change, there is an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme environmental events such as temperature rise, drought, and precipitation. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2, CH4, NOx, water vapor, increase in global temperature, and change in rainfall patterns have impacted soil–plant-microbe interactions, which poses a serious threat to food security. Microbes in the soil play an essential role in plants’ resilience to abiotic and biotic stressors. The soil microbial communities are sensitive and responsive to these stressors. Therefore, a systemic approach to climate adaptation will be needed which acknowledges the multidimensional nature of plant-microbe-environment interactions. In the last two scores of years, there has been an enhancement in the understanding of plant’s response to microbes at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels due to the availability of techniques and tools. This review highlights some of the critical factors influencing plant-microbe interactions under stress. The association and response of microbe and plants as a result of several stresses such as temperature, salinity, metal toxicity, and greenhouse gases are also depicted. New tools to study the molecular complexity of these interactions, such as genomic and sequencing approaches, which provide researchers greater accuracy, reproducibility, and flexibility for exploring plant-microbe–environment interactions under a changing climate, are also discussed in the review, which will be helpful in the development of resistant crops/plants in present and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Shree
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | | | - Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Shashi Bhushan,
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Li YF, Zheng GD, Yang JX, Guo JM, Yang J, Chen TB. Effects of water-soluble chitosan on Hylotelephium spectabile and soybean growth, as well as Cd uptake and phytoextraction efficiency in a co-planting cultivation system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:339-349. [PMID: 35689343 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2084500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping a Cd-accumulator with economically valuable crops is common in slightly or moderately Cd-polluted farmland soils. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Cd-accumulator Hylotelephium spectabile and soybean (Glycine max) during a co-cultivation in Cd-contaminated agricultural soil (WSC, 0 and 10 g·m-2). The results indicated that soybean yields were highest in response to the intercropping and WSC treatment. The results from the field trials generally showed that intercropping and WSC treatments significantly decreased Cd concentrations in inedible parts of soybean by 42.9-72.1% (except for stems), in the meantime, increased 95.8%-334.6% in shoot and root tissues of H. spectabile compared with the control (p < 0.05). The data revealed that Cd uptake was highest for H. spectabile during the intercropping and WSC treatment. The application of WSC in the intercropping system significantly increased the uptake of Cd by H. spectabile, but not by soybean. The findings of this study suggest that combining an intercropping system with a WSC treatment may be better for remediating Cd-contaminated soils than other methods involving the growth of a single hyperaccumulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Li
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Di Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Xing Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Mei Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Bin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yang X, Gao Y, Gan T, Yang P, Cao M, Luo J. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 enhances the phytoremediation efficiency of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in Cd-polluted soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:1273-1283. [PMID: 35014567 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.2025203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the economic development of society, concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and heavy metals in soils have been increasing. The physiological responses of plants to the interaction between soil pollution and climatic change need to be understood. Pot experiments were designed to assess variations in Festuca arundinacea dry weight, leaf type, chlorophyll content, antioxidase activities, and Cd accumulation ability, under different atmospheric CO2 treatments. The results showed that the total dry weights increased with increasing CO2, and Cd concentrations in falling leaf tissues increased with raised atmospheric CO2, before reaching a peak at 600 ppm, above which they remained constant. Compared with the control (400 ppm), 600, 650, and 700 ppm CO2 treatments increased the proportions of the falling tissues by 1.7%, 3.3%, and 4.5%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities in plant leaves increased with increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. The concentration of H2O2 in leaf tissues increased with increasing CO2, reaching a peak at 600 ppm, and then decreased significantly as the CO2 content increased further, to 700 ppm. The results in this study suggest that F. arundinacea could be regarded as a potential candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soil; especially if senescent and dead leaf tissues could be harvested, and that raised atmospheric CO2 levels could improve its soil remediation efficiency.Novelty statement Extrapolation of results from experiments of environmental impacts in greenhouse to real scale field requires to be considered cautiously. External factors such as water, temperature, humidity, and pollution are variable in real field. Plants will face a lot of beneficial or detrimental conditions which will influence the magnitude of the results. However, the elevation of CO2 is an inevitable phenomenon in future. Therefore, findings from experiments under artificial conditions are sometime a good choice to obtain knowledge about elevated CO2 related impacts on phytoremediation efficiency of a specific plant. The final goal of this work is to find a suitable CO2 fumigation strategy optimized for soil remediation. We report on that elevated atmospheric CO2 can increase the phytoremediation efficiency of Festuca arundinacea for Cd. This is significant because the combined influences of elevated atmospheric CO2 and metal pollution in terms of biomass yield, pollutant uptake, and phytoremediation efficiency would be more complex than the effects of each individual factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueping Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Gan
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
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Afzal MJ, Khan MI, Cheema SA, Hussain S, Anwar-Ul-Haq M, Ali MH, Naveed M. Combined application of Bacillus sp. MN-54 and phosphorus improved growth and reduced lead uptake by maize in the lead-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44528-44539. [PMID: 32772285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is considered an important environmental contaminant due to its considerable toxicity to living organisms. It can enter and accumulate in plant tissues and become part of the food chain. In the present study, individual and combined effects of Bacillus sp. MN-54 and phosphorus (P) on maize growth and physiology were evaluated in Pb-contaminated soil. A pristine soil was artificially contaminated with two levels of Pb (i.e., 250 and 500 mg kg-1 dry soil) and was transferred to plastic pots. Bacillus sp. MN-54 treated and untreated maize (DK-6714) seeds were planted in pots. Recommended doses of nutrients (N and K) were applied in each pot while P was applied in selective pots. Results showed that Pb stress hampered the maize growth and physiological attributes in a concentration-dependent manner, and significant reductions in seedling emergence, shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry biomasses, leaf area, chlorophyll content, rate of photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were recorded compared with control. Application of Bacillus sp. MN-54 or P particularly in combination significantly reduced the toxic effects of Pb on maize. At higher Pb level (500 mg kg-1), the combined application effectively reduced Pb uptake up to 42.4% and 50% by shoots, 30.8% and 33.9% by roots, and 18.4% and 26.2% in available Pb content in soil after 45 days and 90 days, respectively compared with that of control. Moreover, the use of Bacillus sp. MN-54 significantly improved the P uptake by maize plants by 44.4% as compared with that of control. Our findings suggest that the combined use of Bacillus sp. MN-54 and P could be effective and helpful in improving plant growth and Pb immobilization in Pb-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Afzal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz - Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hayder Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Zeng X, Zou D, Wang A, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu F, Wang H, Zeng Q, Xiao Z. Remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils using Brassica napus: Effect of nitrogen fertilizers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109885. [PMID: 31765948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The physico-chemical characteristics of N fertilizers remain poorly understood with respect to their use with rape (Brassica napus L.) to remediate Cd-contaminated soil. In this work, eight types of fertilizer (comprising physico-chemical alkaline, neutral, and acidic N fertilizers) were employed to assess the effect of soil remediation via rape at different levels of Cd contamination (0, 5, and 10 mg kg-1 Cd). The results show that the pH of rhizosphere soils was significantly higher under physico-chemical alkaline N fertilizer treatments than under physico-chemical acidic and neutral N fertilizer treatments. The physico-chemical characteristics of N fertilizers affected the rhizosphere soil pH and promoted Cd phytoextraction and accumulation by rape. In the 5 mg kg-1 Cd-contaminated soil, the Cd accumulation and bioconcentration factor value in the shoots and the Cd translocation factor value were highest with the addition of NH4Cl, a physico-chemical acidic N fertilizer. Among the physico-chemical alkaline N fertilizers, Ca(NO3)2 enabled the highest accumulation of Cd in rape shoots when soil was contaminated with 10 mg kg-1 Cd. Thus, administering physico-chemical acidic N fertilizer to soils with lower Cd concentrations provides better remediation effects by rape, whereas physico-chemical alkaline N fertilizers are more effective in soils with higher Cd concentrations. These results show that physico-chemical N fertilizers can be employed to enhance the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil by rape and simultaneously improve the yield of this crop, with implications for environmental health and sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zeng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Andong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China
| | - Yihan Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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Naila A, Meerdink G, Jayasena V, Sulaiman AZ, Ajit AB, Berta G. A review on global metal accumulators-mechanism, enhancement, commercial application, and research trend. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26449-26471. [PMID: 31363977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The biosphere is polluted with metals due to burning of fossil fuels, pesticides, fertilizers, and mining. The metals interfere with soil conservations such as contaminating aqueous waste streams and groundwater, and the evidence of this has been recorded since 1900. Heavy metals also impact human health; therefore, the emancipation of the environment from these environmental pollutants is critical. Traditionally, techniques to remove these metals include soil washing, removal, and excavation. Metal-accumulating plants could be utilized to remove these metal pollutants which would be an alternative option that would simultaneously benefit commercially and at the same time clean the environment from these pollutants. Commercial application of pollutant metals includes biofortification, phytomining, phytoremediation, and intercropping. This review discusses about the metal-accumulating plants, mechanism of metal accumulation, enhancement of metal accumulation, potential commercial applications, research trends, and research progress to enhance the metal accumulation, benefits, and limitations of metal accumulators. The review identified that the metal accumulator plants only survive in low or medium polluted environments with heavy metals. Also, more research is required about metal accumulators in terms of genetics, breeding potential, agronomics, and the disease spectrum. Moreover, metal accumulators' ability to uptake metals need to be optimized by enhancing metal transportation, transformation, tolerance to toxicity, and volatilization in the plant. This review would benefit the industries and environment management authorities as it provides up-to-date research information about the metal accumulators, limitation of the technology, and what could be done to improve the metal enhancement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishath Naila
- Research Centre, Central Administration, The Maldives National University (MNU), Rahdhebai Hingun, Machangoalhi, 20371, Male, Maldives
| | - Gerrit Meerdink
- Food Science and Technology Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, - St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ahmad Z Sulaiman
- Faculty of Bio-Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Campus Jeli, Beg Berkunci No. 100, 17600, Kelantan Darul Naim, Jeli, Malaysia
| | - Azilah B Ajit
- Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
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